Consolidated CDA (C-CDA), published by Health Level Seven. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 3.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/CDA-ccda/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

• Content
• Detailed Descriptions
• Mappings
• Examples
• XML
• JSON

Logical Model: Estimated Date of Delivery

This clinical statement represents the anticipated date when a woman will give birth.

NOTE: This is a Closed template so only the elements needed for the template are allowed. All other elements are not allowed.

Usage:

• Use this Logical Model: Pregnancy Observation

Formal Views of Template Content

Description of Template, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

• Key Elements Table
• Differential Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	1..1	Observation	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors: @nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @classCode, @moodCode, @negationInd, id, code, derivationExpr, text, statusCode, effectiveTime, priorityCode, repeatNumber, languageCode, value, interpretationCode, methodCode, targetSiteCode, subject, specimen, performer, author, informant, participant, entryRelationship, reference, precondition, sdtcPrecondition2, referenceRange, sdtcInFulfillmentOf1 Base for all types and resources Instances of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) should-text-ref-value: SHOULD contain text/reference/@value
typeId		0..0
Slices for templateId		1..*	II	Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root
templateId:est-date-delivery		1..1	II
@root		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.15.3.1
@extension		0..0
@classCode		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: OBS
@moodCode		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: EVN
code		1..1	CD
@code		1..1	cs	Required Pattern: 11778-8
@codeSystem		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1
derivationExpr		0..0
text		0..1	ED	SHOULD reference the portion of section narrative text corresponding to this entry
reference	C	0..1	TEL	value-starts-octothorpe: If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative
statusCode		1..1	CS
@code		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: completed
effectiveTime		0..0
priorityCode		0..0
repeatNumber		0..0
languageCode		0..0
value		1..1	TS
interpretationCode		0..0
methodCode		0..0
targetSiteCode		0..0
subject		0..0
specimen		0..0
performer		0..0
informant		0..0
participant		0..0
entryRelationship		0..0
reference		0..0
precondition		0..0
referenceRange		0..0
Documentation for this format

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
should-text-ref-value	warning	Observation	SHOULD contain text/reference/@value : text.reference.value.exists()
value-starts-octothorpe	error	Observation.text.reference	If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative : value.exists() implies value.startsWith('#')

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	1..1	Observation	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors: @nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @classCode, @moodCode, @negationInd, id, code, derivationExpr, text, statusCode, effectiveTime, priorityCode, repeatNumber, languageCode, value, interpretationCode, methodCode, targetSiteCode, subject, specimen, performer, author, informant, participant, entryRelationship, reference, precondition, sdtcPrecondition2, referenceRange, sdtcInFulfillmentOf1 Base for all types and resources Instances of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) should-text-ref-value: SHOULD contain text/reference/@value
Slices for templateId		1..*	II	Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root
templateId:est-date-delivery		1..1	II
@root		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.15.3.1
@classCode		1..1	cs	Binding: CDAActClassObservation (required) Fixed Value: OBS
@moodCode		1..1	cs	Binding: XActMoodDocumentObservation (2.0.0) (required) Fixed Value: EVN
code		1..1	CD	Binding: ObservationType (example)
@code		1..1	cs	Required Pattern: 11778-8
@codeSystem		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1
text		0..1	ED	SHOULD reference the portion of section narrative text corresponding to this entry
reference	C	0..1	TEL	value-starts-octothorpe: If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative
statusCode		1..1	CS	Binding: ActStatus (required)
@code		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: completed
value		1..1	TS
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.classCode	required	Fixed Value: OBS http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActClassObservation
Observation.moodCode	required	Fixed Value: EVN http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-xActMoodDocumentObservation|2.0.0
Observation.code	example	ObservationType http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ObservationType
Observation.statusCode	required	ActStatus http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActStatus

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
should-text-ref-value	warning	Observation	SHOULD contain text/reference/@value : text.reference.value.exists()
value-starts-octothorpe	error	Observation.text.reference	If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative : value.exists() implies value.startsWith('#')

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	1..1	Observation	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors: @nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @classCode, @moodCode, @negationInd, id, code, derivationExpr, text, statusCode, effectiveTime, priorityCode, repeatNumber, languageCode, value, interpretationCode, methodCode, targetSiteCode, subject, specimen, performer, author, informant, participant, entryRelationship, reference, precondition, sdtcPrecondition2, referenceRange, sdtcInFulfillmentOf1 Base for all types and resources Instances of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) should-text-ref-value: SHOULD contain text/reference/@value
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
realmCode		0..*	CS
Slices for templateId		1..*	II	Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root
templateId:est-date-delivery		1..1	II
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@assigningAuthorityName		0..1	st
@displayable		0..1	bl
@root		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.15.3.1
@classCode		1..1	cs	Binding: CDAActClassObservation (required) Fixed Value: OBS
@moodCode		1..1	cs	Binding: XActMoodDocumentObservation (2.0.0) (required) Fixed Value: EVN
@negationInd		0..1	bl
id		0..*	II
code		1..1	CD	Binding: ObservationType (example)
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@code		1..1	cs	Required Pattern: 11778-8
@codeSystem		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1
@codeSystemName		0..1	st
@codeSystemVersion		0..1	st
@displayName		0..1	st
@sdtcValueSet		0..1	oid	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
@sdtcValueSetVersion		0..1	st	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
originalText		0..1	ED
qualifier		0..*	CR
translation		0..*	CD
text		0..1	ED	SHOULD reference the portion of section narrative text corresponding to this entry
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@compression		0..1	cs	Binding: CDACompressionAlgorithm (required)
@integrityCheck		0..1	bin
@integrityCheckAlgorithm		0..1	cs	Binding: IntegrityCheckAlgorithm (2.0.0) (required)
@language		0..1	cs
@mediaType		0..1	cs	Binding: MediaType (example)
@representation		0..1	cs	Binding: CDABinaryDataEncoding (required)
xmlText		0..1	st	Allows for mixed text content. If @representation='B64', this SHALL be a base64binary string.
reference	C	0..1	TEL	value-starts-octothorpe: If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative
thumbnail		0..1	ED
statusCode		1..1	CS	Binding: ActStatus (required)
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@code		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: completed
@sdtcValueSet		0..1	oid	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
@sdtcValueSetVersion		0..1	st	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
value		1..1	TS
author		0..*	Author
sdtcPrecondition2		0..*	Precondition2	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: precondition2 (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
sdtcInFulfillmentOf1		0..*	InFulfillmentOf1	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: inFulfillmentOf1 (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.typeId.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.templateId:est-date-delivery.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.classCode	required	Fixed Value: OBS http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActClassObservation
Observation.moodCode	required	Fixed Value: EVN http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-xActMoodDocumentObservation|2.0.0
Observation.code	example	ObservationType http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ObservationType
Observation.code.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.text.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.text.compression	required	CDACompressionAlgorithm http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDACompressionAlgorithm
Observation.text.integrityCheckAlgorithm	required	IntegrityCheckAlgorithm http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-IntegrityCheckAlgorithm|2.0.0
Observation.text.mediaType	example	MediaType http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-MediaType
Observation.text.representation	required	BinaryDataEncoding http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/BinaryDataEncoding
Observation.statusCode	required	ActStatus http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActStatus
Observation.statusCode.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.referenceRange.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.referenceRange.typeId.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.referenceRange.typeCode	required	Fixed Value: REFV http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActRelationshipType

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
should-text-ref-value	warning	Observation	SHOULD contain text/reference/@value : text.reference.value.exists()
value-starts-octothorpe	error	Observation.text.reference	If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative : value.exists() implies value.startsWith('#')

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 8 elements
Fixed: 3 elements
Prohibited: 19 elements

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.templateId

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	1..1	Observation	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors: @nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @classCode, @moodCode, @negationInd, id, code, derivationExpr, text, statusCode, effectiveTime, priorityCode, repeatNumber, languageCode, value, interpretationCode, methodCode, targetSiteCode, subject, specimen, performer, author, informant, participant, entryRelationship, reference, precondition, sdtcPrecondition2, referenceRange, sdtcInFulfillmentOf1 Base for all types and resources Instances of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) should-text-ref-value: SHOULD contain text/reference/@value
typeId		0..0
Slices for templateId		1..*	II	Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root
templateId:est-date-delivery		1..1	II
@root		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.15.3.1
@extension		0..0
@classCode		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: OBS
@moodCode		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: EVN
code		1..1	CD
@code		1..1	cs	Required Pattern: 11778-8
@codeSystem		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1
derivationExpr		0..0
text		0..1	ED	SHOULD reference the portion of section narrative text corresponding to this entry
reference	C	0..1	TEL	value-starts-octothorpe: If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative
statusCode		1..1	CS
@code		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: completed
effectiveTime		0..0
priorityCode		0..0
repeatNumber		0..0
languageCode		0..0
value		1..1	TS
interpretationCode		0..0
methodCode		0..0
targetSiteCode		0..0
subject		0..0
specimen		0..0
performer		0..0
informant		0..0
participant		0..0
entryRelationship		0..0
reference		0..0
precondition		0..0
referenceRange		0..0
Documentation for this format

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
should-text-ref-value	warning	Observation	SHOULD contain text/reference/@value : text.reference.value.exists()
value-starts-octothorpe	error	Observation.text.reference	If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative : value.exists() implies value.startsWith('#')

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	1..1	Observation	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors: @nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @classCode, @moodCode, @negationInd, id, code, derivationExpr, text, statusCode, effectiveTime, priorityCode, repeatNumber, languageCode, value, interpretationCode, methodCode, targetSiteCode, subject, specimen, performer, author, informant, participant, entryRelationship, reference, precondition, sdtcPrecondition2, referenceRange, sdtcInFulfillmentOf1 Base for all types and resources Instances of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) should-text-ref-value: SHOULD contain text/reference/@value
Slices for templateId		1..*	II	Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root
templateId:est-date-delivery		1..1	II
@root		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.15.3.1
@classCode		1..1	cs	Binding: CDAActClassObservation (required) Fixed Value: OBS
@moodCode		1..1	cs	Binding: XActMoodDocumentObservation (2.0.0) (required) Fixed Value: EVN
code		1..1	CD	Binding: ObservationType (example)
@code		1..1	cs	Required Pattern: 11778-8
@codeSystem		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1
text		0..1	ED	SHOULD reference the portion of section narrative text corresponding to this entry
reference	C	0..1	TEL	value-starts-octothorpe: If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative
statusCode		1..1	CS	Binding: ActStatus (required)
@code		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: completed
value		1..1	TS
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.classCode	required	Fixed Value: OBS http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActClassObservation
Observation.moodCode	required	Fixed Value: EVN http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-xActMoodDocumentObservation|2.0.0
Observation.code	example	ObservationType http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ObservationType
Observation.statusCode	required	ActStatus http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActStatus

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
should-text-ref-value	warning	Observation	SHOULD contain text/reference/@value : text.reference.value.exists()
value-starts-octothorpe	error	Observation.text.reference	If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative : value.exists() implies value.startsWith('#')

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	1..1	Observation	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors: @nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @classCode, @moodCode, @negationInd, id, code, derivationExpr, text, statusCode, effectiveTime, priorityCode, repeatNumber, languageCode, value, interpretationCode, methodCode, targetSiteCode, subject, specimen, performer, author, informant, participant, entryRelationship, reference, precondition, sdtcPrecondition2, referenceRange, sdtcInFulfillmentOf1 Base for all types and resources Instances of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) should-text-ref-value: SHOULD contain text/reference/@value
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
realmCode		0..*	CS
Slices for templateId		1..*	II	Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root
templateId:est-date-delivery		1..1	II
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@assigningAuthorityName		0..1	st
@displayable		0..1	bl
@root		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.15.3.1
@classCode		1..1	cs	Binding: CDAActClassObservation (required) Fixed Value: OBS
@moodCode		1..1	cs	Binding: XActMoodDocumentObservation (2.0.0) (required) Fixed Value: EVN
@negationInd		0..1	bl
id		0..*	II
code		1..1	CD	Binding: ObservationType (example)
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@code		1..1	cs	Required Pattern: 11778-8
@codeSystem		1..1	oid, uuid, ruid	Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1
@codeSystemName		0..1	st
@codeSystemVersion		0..1	st
@displayName		0..1	st
@sdtcValueSet		0..1	oid	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
@sdtcValueSetVersion		0..1	st	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
originalText		0..1	ED
qualifier		0..*	CR
translation		0..*	CD
text		0..1	ED	SHOULD reference the portion of section narrative text corresponding to this entry
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@compression		0..1	cs	Binding: CDACompressionAlgorithm (required)
@integrityCheck		0..1	bin
@integrityCheckAlgorithm		0..1	cs	Binding: IntegrityCheckAlgorithm (2.0.0) (required)
@language		0..1	cs
@mediaType		0..1	cs	Binding: MediaType (example)
@representation		0..1	cs	Binding: CDABinaryDataEncoding (required)
xmlText		0..1	st	Allows for mixed text content. If @representation='B64', this SHALL be a base64binary string.
reference	C	0..1	TEL	value-starts-octothorpe: If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative
thumbnail		0..1	ED
statusCode		1..1	CS	Binding: ActStatus (required)
@nullFlavor		0..1	cs	Binding: CDANullFlavor (required)
@code		1..1	cs	Fixed Value: completed
@sdtcValueSet		0..1	oid	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
@sdtcValueSetVersion		0..1	st	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
value		1..1	TS
author		0..*	Author
sdtcPrecondition2		0..*	Precondition2	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: precondition2 (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
sdtcInFulfillmentOf1		0..*	InFulfillmentOf1	XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: inFulfillmentOf1 (urn:hl7-org:sdtc)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet / Code	URI
Observation.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.typeId.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.templateId:est-date-delivery.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.classCode	required	Fixed Value: OBS http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActClassObservation
Observation.moodCode	required	Fixed Value: EVN http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-xActMoodDocumentObservation|2.0.0
Observation.code	example	ObservationType http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ObservationType
Observation.code.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.text.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.text.compression	required	CDACompressionAlgorithm http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDACompressionAlgorithm
Observation.text.integrityCheckAlgorithm	required	IntegrityCheckAlgorithm http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-IntegrityCheckAlgorithm|2.0.0
Observation.text.mediaType	example	MediaType http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-MediaType
Observation.text.representation	required	BinaryDataEncoding http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/BinaryDataEncoding
Observation.statusCode	required	ActStatus http://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActStatus
Observation.statusCode.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.referenceRange.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.referenceRange.typeId.nullFlavor	required	CDANullFlavor http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor
Observation.referenceRange.typeCode	required	Fixed Value: REFV http://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActRelationshipType

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
should-text-ref-value	warning	Observation	SHOULD contain text/reference/@value : text.reference.value.exists()
value-starts-octothorpe	error	Observation.text.reference	If reference/@value is present, it SHALL begin with a '#' and SHALL point to its corresponding narrative : value.exists() implies value.startsWith('#')

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 8 elements
Fixed: 3 elements
Prohibited: 19 elements

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.templateId

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel