Consolidated CDA (C-CDA), published by Health Level Seven. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 4.0.0-ballot built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/CDA-ccda/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
Official URL: http://hl7.org/cda/us/ccda/StructureDefinition/ProcedureSpecimensTakenSection | Version: 4.0.0-ballot | |||
Draft as of 2024-12-19 | Computable Name: ProcedureSpecimensTakenSection | |||
Other Identifiers: OID:2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.31 |
The Procedure Specimens Taken Section records the tissues, objects, or samples taken from the patient during the procedure including biopsies, aspiration fluid, or other samples sent for pathological analysis. The narrative may include a description of the specimens.
Usage:
Description of Template, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.
This structure is derived from Section
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Section | Section | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors:@nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @ID, @classCode, @moodCode, id, code, title, text, confidentialityCode, languageCode, subject, author, informant, entry, component Instance of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) | ||
Slices for templateId | 1..* | II | Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root | |
templateId:section | 1..1 | II | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.31 | |
@extension | 0..0 | |||
code | 1..1 | CE | Procedure specimens taken Narrative | |
@code | 1..1 | cs | Required Pattern: 59773-2 | |
@codeSystem | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 | |
title | 1..1 | ST | ||
text | 1..1 | xhtml | The Procedure Specimens Taken section SHALL list all specimens removed or SHALL explicitly state that no specimens were taken (CONF:81-8742). | |
Documentation for this format |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Section | 1..1 | Section | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors:@nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @ID, @classCode, @moodCode, id, code, title, text, confidentialityCode, languageCode, subject, author, informant, entry, component Base for all types and resources Instance of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
Slices for templateId | 1..* | II | Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root | |
templateId:section | 1..1 | II | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.31 | |
@ID | 0..1 | xs:ID | ||
@classCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: ActClassRecordOrganizer (required) Fixed Value: DOCSECT | |
@moodCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDAActMood (required) Fixed Value: EVN | |
id | 0..1 | II | ||
code | 1..1 | CE | Procedure specimens taken Narrative | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@code | 1..1 | cs | Required Pattern: 59773-2 | |
@codeSystem | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 | |
@codeSystemName | 0..1 | st | ||
@codeSystemVersion | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayName | 0..1 | st | ||
@sdtcValueSet | 0..1 | oid | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
@sdtcValueSetVersion | 0..1 | st | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
originalText | 0..1 | ED | ||
translation | 0..* | CD | ||
title | 1..1 | ST | ||
text | 1..1 | xhtml | The Procedure Specimens Taken section SHALL list all specimens removed or SHALL explicitly state that no specimens were taken (CONF:81-8742). | |
confidentialityCode | 0..1 | CE | ||
languageCode | 0..1 | CS | Binding: AllLanguages (required) | |
subject | 0..1 | Subject | ||
author | 0..* | Author | ||
informant | 0..* | Informant | ||
entry | 0..* | Entry | ||
component | 0..* | InfrastructureRoot | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
templateId | 0..* | II | ||
@typeCode | 0..1 | cs | Fixed Value: COMP | |
@contextConductionInd | 0..1 | bl | Fixed Value: true | |
section | 1..1 | Section | ||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI |
Section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.templateId:section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.classCode | required | Fixed Value: DOCSECThttp://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActClassRecordOrganizer | |
Section.moodCode | required | Fixed Value: EVNhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActMood | |
Section.code.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.languageCode | required | AllLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages from the FHIR Standard | |
Section.component.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.component.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
II-1 | error | Section.typeId, Section.component.typeId | An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. : root.exists() or nullFlavor.exists() |
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Section | 1..1 | Section | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors:@nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @ID, @classCode, @moodCode, id, code, title, text, confidentialityCode, languageCode, subject, author, informant, entry, component Base for all types and resources Instance of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
Slices for templateId | 1..* | II | Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root | |
templateId:section | 1..1 | II | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.31 | |
@ID | 0..1 | xs:ID | ||
@classCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: ActClassRecordOrganizer (required) Fixed Value: DOCSECT | |
@moodCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDAActMood (required) Fixed Value: EVN | |
id | 0..1 | II | ||
code | 1..1 | CE | Procedure specimens taken Narrative | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@code | 1..1 | cs | Required Pattern: 59773-2 | |
@codeSystem | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 | |
@codeSystemName | 0..1 | st | ||
@codeSystemVersion | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayName | 0..1 | st | ||
@sdtcValueSet | 0..1 | oid | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
@sdtcValueSetVersion | 0..1 | st | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
originalText | 0..1 | ED | ||
translation | 0..* | CD | ||
title | 1..1 | ST | ||
text | 1..1 | xhtml | The Procedure Specimens Taken section SHALL list all specimens removed or SHALL explicitly state that no specimens were taken (CONF:81-8742). | |
confidentialityCode | 0..1 | CE | ||
languageCode | 0..1 | CS | Binding: AllLanguages (required) | |
subject | 0..1 | Subject | ||
author | 0..* | Author | ||
informant | 0..* | Informant | ||
entry | 0..* | Entry | ||
component | 0..* | InfrastructureRoot | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
templateId | 0..* | II | ||
@typeCode | 0..1 | cs | Fixed Value: COMP | |
@contextConductionInd | 0..1 | bl | Fixed Value: true | |
section | 1..1 | Section | ||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI |
Section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.templateId:section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.classCode | required | Fixed Value: DOCSECThttp://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActClassRecordOrganizer | |
Section.moodCode | required | Fixed Value: EVNhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActMood | |
Section.code.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.languageCode | required | AllLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages from the FHIR Standard | |
Section.component.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.component.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
II-1 | error | Section.typeId, Section.component.typeId | An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. : root.exists() or nullFlavor.exists() |
Differential View
This structure is derived from Section
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Section | Section | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors:@nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @ID, @classCode, @moodCode, id, code, title, text, confidentialityCode, languageCode, subject, author, informant, entry, component Instance of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) | ||
Slices for templateId | 1..* | II | Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root | |
templateId:section | 1..1 | II | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.31 | |
@extension | 0..0 | |||
code | 1..1 | CE | Procedure specimens taken Narrative | |
@code | 1..1 | cs | Required Pattern: 59773-2 | |
@codeSystem | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 | |
title | 1..1 | ST | ||
text | 1..1 | xhtml | The Procedure Specimens Taken section SHALL list all specimens removed or SHALL explicitly state that no specimens were taken (CONF:81-8742). | |
Documentation for this format |
Key Elements View
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Section | 1..1 | Section | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors:@nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @ID, @classCode, @moodCode, id, code, title, text, confidentialityCode, languageCode, subject, author, informant, entry, component Base for all types and resources Instance of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
Slices for templateId | 1..* | II | Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root | |
templateId:section | 1..1 | II | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.31 | |
@ID | 0..1 | xs:ID | ||
@classCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: ActClassRecordOrganizer (required) Fixed Value: DOCSECT | |
@moodCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDAActMood (required) Fixed Value: EVN | |
id | 0..1 | II | ||
code | 1..1 | CE | Procedure specimens taken Narrative | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@code | 1..1 | cs | Required Pattern: 59773-2 | |
@codeSystem | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 | |
@codeSystemName | 0..1 | st | ||
@codeSystemVersion | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayName | 0..1 | st | ||
@sdtcValueSet | 0..1 | oid | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
@sdtcValueSetVersion | 0..1 | st | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
originalText | 0..1 | ED | ||
translation | 0..* | CD | ||
title | 1..1 | ST | ||
text | 1..1 | xhtml | The Procedure Specimens Taken section SHALL list all specimens removed or SHALL explicitly state that no specimens were taken (CONF:81-8742). | |
confidentialityCode | 0..1 | CE | ||
languageCode | 0..1 | CS | Binding: AllLanguages (required) | |
subject | 0..1 | Subject | ||
author | 0..* | Author | ||
informant | 0..* | Informant | ||
entry | 0..* | Entry | ||
component | 0..* | InfrastructureRoot | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
templateId | 0..* | II | ||
@typeCode | 0..1 | cs | Fixed Value: COMP | |
@contextConductionInd | 0..1 | bl | Fixed Value: true | |
section | 1..1 | Section | ||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI |
Section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.templateId:section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.classCode | required | Fixed Value: DOCSECThttp://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActClassRecordOrganizer | |
Section.moodCode | required | Fixed Value: EVNhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActMood | |
Section.code.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.languageCode | required | AllLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages from the FHIR Standard | |
Section.component.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.component.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
II-1 | error | Section.typeId, Section.component.typeId | An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. : root.exists() or nullFlavor.exists() |
Snapshot View
Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Section | 1..1 | Section | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:v3 Elements defined in Ancestors:@nullFlavor, realmCode, typeId, templateId, @ID, @classCode, @moodCode, id, code, title, text, confidentialityCode, languageCode, subject, author, informant, entry, component Base for all types and resources Instance of this type are validated by templateId Logical Container: ClinicalDocument (CDA Class) | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
Slices for templateId | 1..* | II | Slice: Unordered, Open by value:root | |
templateId:section | 1..1 | II | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.31 | |
@ID | 0..1 | xs:ID | ||
@classCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: ActClassRecordOrganizer (required) Fixed Value: DOCSECT | |
@moodCode | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDAActMood (required) Fixed Value: EVN | |
id | 0..1 | II | ||
code | 1..1 | CE | Procedure specimens taken Narrative | |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@code | 1..1 | cs | Required Pattern: 59773-2 | |
@codeSystem | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Required Pattern: 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 | |
@codeSystemName | 0..1 | st | ||
@codeSystemVersion | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayName | 0..1 | st | ||
@sdtcValueSet | 0..1 | oid | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSet (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
@sdtcValueSetVersion | 0..1 | st | XML Namespace: urn:hl7-org:sdtc XML: valueSetVersion (urn:hl7-org:sdtc) | |
originalText | 0..1 | ED | ||
translation | 0..* | CD | ||
title | 1..1 | ST | ||
text | 1..1 | xhtml | The Procedure Specimens Taken section SHALL list all specimens removed or SHALL explicitly state that no specimens were taken (CONF:81-8742). | |
confidentialityCode | 0..1 | CE | ||
languageCode | 0..1 | CS | Binding: AllLanguages (required) | |
subject | 0..1 | Subject | ||
author | 0..* | Author | ||
informant | 0..* | Informant | ||
entry | 0..* | Entry | ||
component | 0..* | InfrastructureRoot | ||
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
realmCode | 0..* | CS | ||
typeId | C | 0..1 | II | II-1: An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. |
@nullFlavor | 0..1 | cs | Binding: CDANullFlavor (required) | |
@assigningAuthorityName | 0..1 | st | ||
@displayable | 0..1 | bl | ||
@root | 1..1 | oid, uuid, ruid | Fixed Value: 2.16.840.1.113883.1.3 | |
@extension | 1..1 | st | ||
templateId | 0..* | II | ||
@typeCode | 0..1 | cs | Fixed Value: COMP | |
@contextConductionInd | 0..1 | bl | Fixed Value: true | |
section | 1..1 | Section | ||
Documentation for this format |
Path | Conformance | ValueSet / Code | URI |
Section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.templateId:section.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.classCode | required | Fixed Value: DOCSECThttp://terminology.hl7.org/ValueSet/v3-ActClassRecordOrganizer | |
Section.moodCode | required | Fixed Value: EVNhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDAActMood | |
Section.code.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.languageCode | required | AllLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages from the FHIR Standard | |
Section.component.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor | |
Section.component.typeId.nullFlavor | required | CDANullFlavorhttp://hl7.org/cda/stds/core/ValueSet/CDANullFlavor |
Id | Grade | Path(s) | Details | Requirements |
II-1 | error | Section.typeId, Section.component.typeId | An II instance must have either a root or an nullFlavor. : root.exists() or nullFlavor.exists() |