Clinical Study Protocol
1.0.0-ballot2 - STU 1 Ballot2 International flag

Clinical Study Protocol, published by HL7 International / Biomedical Research and Regulation. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0-ballot2 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/vulcan-udp-ig/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: Research Study Narratives

Official URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/clinical-study-protocol/StructureDefinition/m11-research-study-narratives Version: 1.0.0-ballot2
Standards status: Trial-use Active as of 2026-04-02 Maturity Level: 2 Computable Name: M11ResearchStudyNarratives

Narrative elements associated with a research study following the ICH M11 CeSHarP template. The ICH M11 CeSHarP template for a study protocol specifies the headings to be used to organize protocol content. For a FHIR representation of the protocol to be compliant with this template each of the narrative sections must be organized using these headings. Only if there is material that does not properly belong under one of the M11 headings can additional codes be created.

Must Support Elements

Attributes type and section.code SHALL be used to specify the structure in accordance with M11 §2

Usages:

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description Differentials, Snapshots, and other representations.

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Composition 0..* Composition A set of resources composed into a single coherent clinical statement with clinical attestation
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... type SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Kind of composition (LOINC if possible)
Binding: UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. (required)
... subject Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) Reference to the protocol that the narrative refers to
... date Σ 1..1 dateTime Composition editing time
... author Σ 1..* Reference(Organization) Who and/or what authored the composition
... title Σ 1..1 string Human Readable name/title

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Composition.status Base required Composition Status 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.type Base required UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id.trace('id') in %resource.descendants().select(reference | as(uri))) or descendants().where(reference='#' | as(uri)='#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Composition A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Composition 0..* Composition A set of resources composed into a single coherent clinical statement with clinical attestation
... type S 1..1 CodeableConcept Kind of composition (LOINC if possible)
Binding: UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. (required)
... subject 0..* Reference(Resource) Reference to the protocol that the narrative refers to
... author 1..* Reference(Organization) Who and/or what authored the composition
.... code 0..1 CodeableConcept Identifies the section of the narrative according to M11 codes
Binding: UDP Section Codes Value Set (extensible): The value set can only be extended if narrative content falls outside any identified M11 section.

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Composition.type Base required UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG
Composition.section.​code Base extensible UDP Section Codes Value Set 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Composition 0..* Composition A set of resources composed into a single coherent clinical statement with clinical attestation
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta Σ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1 code Language of the resource content
Binding: AllLanguages (required): IETF language tag for a human language
Additional BindingsPurpose
CommonLanguages Starter
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... url Σ 0..1 uri Canonical identifier for this Composition, represented as a URI (globally unique)
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Version-independent identifier for the Composition
... version Σ 0..1 string An explicitly assigned identifier of a variation of the content in the Composition
... status ?!Σ 1..1 code registered | partial | preliminary | final | amended | corrected | appended | cancelled | entered-in-error | deprecated | unknown
Binding: CompositionStatus (required): The workflow/clinical status of the composition.
... type SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Kind of composition (LOINC if possible)
Binding: UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. (required)
... category Σ 0..* CodeableConcept Categorization of Composition
Binding: ReferencedItemCategoryValueSet (example): High-level kind of a clinical document at a macro level.
... subject Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) Reference to the protocol that the narrative refers to
... encounter Σ 0..1 Reference(Encounter) Context of the Composition
... date Σ 1..1 dateTime Composition editing time
... useContext Σ 0..* UsageContext The context that the content is intended to support
... author Σ 1..* Reference(Organization) Who and/or what authored the composition
... name Σ 0..1 string Name for this Composition (computer friendly)
... title Σ 1..1 string Human Readable name/title
... note 0..* Annotation For any additional notes
... attester 0..* BackboneElement Attests to accuracy of composition
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... mode 1..1 CodeableConcept personal | professional | legal | official
Binding: CompositionAttestationMode (preferred): The way in which a person authenticated a composition.
.... time 0..1 dateTime When the composition was attested
.... party 0..1 Reference(Patient | RelatedPerson | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization) Who attested the composition
... custodian Σ 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organization which maintains the composition
... relatesTo 0..* BackboneElement Relationships to other compositions/documents
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... type 1..1 code documentation | justification | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | summarizes
Binding: ArtifactRelationshipType (required): The type of relationship to the related artifact.
.... target[x] 1..1 The artifact that is related to this Composition
..... targetUri uri
..... targetAttachment Attachment
..... targetCanonical canonical(Resource)
..... targetReference Reference(Resource)
..... targetMarkdown markdown
... event Σ 0..* BackboneElement The clinical service(s) being documented
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... period Σ 0..1 Period The period covered by the documentation
.... detail Σ 0..* CodeableReference(Resource) The event(s) being documented, as code(s), reference(s), or both
Binding: v3 Code System ActCode (example): This list of codes represents the main clinical acts being documented.
... section C 0..* BackboneElement Composition is broken into sections
Constraints: cmp-1, cmp-2
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... title 0..1 string Label for section (e.g. for ToC)
.... code 0..1 CodeableConcept Identifies the section of the narrative according to M11 codes
Binding: UDP Section Codes Value Set (extensible): The value set can only be extended if narrative content falls outside any identified M11 section.
.... author 0..* Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | CareTeam | Device | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) Who and/or what authored the section, when the section is authored by someone other than the composition.author
.... focus 0..1 Reference(Resource) Who/what the section is about, when it is not about the subject of composition
.... text C 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the section, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
.... orderedBy 0..1 CodeableConcept Order of section entries
Binding: ListOrderCodes (preferred): What order applies to the items in the entry.
.... entry C 0..* Reference(Resource) A reference to data that supports this section
.... emptyReason C 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the section is empty
Binding: ListEmptyReasons (preferred): If a section is empty, why it is empty.
.... section 0..* See section (Composition) Nested Section

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Composition.language Base required All Languages 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.status Base required Composition Status 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.type Base required UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG
Composition.category Base example Referenced Item Category Value Set 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.attester.​mode Base preferred Composition Attestation Mode 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.relatesTo.​type Base required Artifact Relationship Type 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.event.detail Base example v3 Code System ActCode 📦3.0.0 THO v7.1
Composition.section.​code Base extensible UDP Section Codes Value Set 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG
Composition.section.​orderedBy Base preferred List Order Codes 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.section.​emptyReason Base preferred List Empty Reasons 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
cmp-1 error Composition.section A section must contain at least one of text, entries, or sub-sections text.exists() or entry.exists() or section.exists()
cmp-2 error Composition.section A section can only have an emptyReason if no entries are included emptyReason.empty() or entry.empty()
dom-2 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id.trace('id') in %resource.descendants().select(reference | as(uri))) or descendants().where(reference='#' | as(uri)='#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Composition A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

Summary

Must-Support: 1 element

Maturity: 2

Key Elements View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Composition 0..* Composition A set of resources composed into a single coherent clinical statement with clinical attestation
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... type SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Kind of composition (LOINC if possible)
Binding: UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. (required)
... subject Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) Reference to the protocol that the narrative refers to
... date Σ 1..1 dateTime Composition editing time
... author Σ 1..* Reference(Organization) Who and/or what authored the composition
... title Σ 1..1 string Human Readable name/title

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Composition.status Base required Composition Status 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.type Base required UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id.trace('id') in %resource.descendants().select(reference | as(uri))) or descendants().where(reference='#' | as(uri)='#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Composition A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

Differential View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Composition 0..* Composition A set of resources composed into a single coherent clinical statement with clinical attestation
... type S 1..1 CodeableConcept Kind of composition (LOINC if possible)
Binding: UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. (required)
... subject 0..* Reference(Resource) Reference to the protocol that the narrative refers to
... author 1..* Reference(Organization) Who and/or what authored the composition
.... code 0..1 CodeableConcept Identifies the section of the narrative according to M11 codes
Binding: UDP Section Codes Value Set (extensible): The value set can only be extended if narrative content falls outside any identified M11 section.

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Composition.type Base required UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG
Composition.section.​code Base extensible UDP Section Codes Value Set 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG

Snapshot ViewView

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Composition 0..* Composition A set of resources composed into a single coherent clinical statement with clinical attestation
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta Σ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1 code Language of the resource content
Binding: AllLanguages (required): IETF language tag for a human language
Additional BindingsPurpose
CommonLanguages Starter
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... url Σ 0..1 uri Canonical identifier for this Composition, represented as a URI (globally unique)
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Version-independent identifier for the Composition
... version Σ 0..1 string An explicitly assigned identifier of a variation of the content in the Composition
... status ?!Σ 1..1 code registered | partial | preliminary | final | amended | corrected | appended | cancelled | entered-in-error | deprecated | unknown
Binding: CompositionStatus (required): The workflow/clinical status of the composition.
... type SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Kind of composition (LOINC if possible)
Binding: UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. (required)
... category Σ 0..* CodeableConcept Categorization of Composition
Binding: ReferencedItemCategoryValueSet (example): High-level kind of a clinical document at a macro level.
... subject Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) Reference to the protocol that the narrative refers to
... encounter Σ 0..1 Reference(Encounter) Context of the Composition
... date Σ 1..1 dateTime Composition editing time
... useContext Σ 0..* UsageContext The context that the content is intended to support
... author Σ 1..* Reference(Organization) Who and/or what authored the composition
... name Σ 0..1 string Name for this Composition (computer friendly)
... title Σ 1..1 string Human Readable name/title
... note 0..* Annotation For any additional notes
... attester 0..* BackboneElement Attests to accuracy of composition
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... mode 1..1 CodeableConcept personal | professional | legal | official
Binding: CompositionAttestationMode (preferred): The way in which a person authenticated a composition.
.... time 0..1 dateTime When the composition was attested
.... party 0..1 Reference(Patient | RelatedPerson | Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization) Who attested the composition
... custodian Σ 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organization which maintains the composition
... relatesTo 0..* BackboneElement Relationships to other compositions/documents
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... type 1..1 code documentation | justification | predecessor | successor | derived-from | depends-on | composed-of | part-of | amends | amended-with | appends | appended-with | cites | cited-by | comments-on | comment-in | contains | contained-in | corrects | correction-in | replaces | replaced-with | retracts | retracted-by | signs | similar-to | supports | supported-with | transforms | transformed-into | transformed-with | specification-of | created-with | cite-as | summarizes
Binding: ArtifactRelationshipType (required): The type of relationship to the related artifact.
.... target[x] 1..1 The artifact that is related to this Composition
..... targetUri uri
..... targetAttachment Attachment
..... targetCanonical canonical(Resource)
..... targetReference Reference(Resource)
..... targetMarkdown markdown
... event Σ 0..* BackboneElement The clinical service(s) being documented
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... period Σ 0..1 Period The period covered by the documentation
.... detail Σ 0..* CodeableReference(Resource) The event(s) being documented, as code(s), reference(s), or both
Binding: v3 Code System ActCode (example): This list of codes represents the main clinical acts being documented.
... section C 0..* BackboneElement Composition is broken into sections
Constraints: cmp-1, cmp-2
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... title 0..1 string Label for section (e.g. for ToC)
.... code 0..1 CodeableConcept Identifies the section of the narrative according to M11 codes
Binding: UDP Section Codes Value Set (extensible): The value set can only be extended if narrative content falls outside any identified M11 section.
.... author 0..* Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | CareTeam | Device | Patient | RelatedPerson | Organization) Who and/or what authored the section, when the section is authored by someone other than the composition.author
.... focus 0..1 Reference(Resource) Who/what the section is about, when it is not about the subject of composition
.... text C 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the section, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
.... orderedBy 0..1 CodeableConcept Order of section entries
Binding: ListOrderCodes (preferred): What order applies to the items in the entry.
.... entry C 0..* Reference(Resource) A reference to data that supports this section
.... emptyReason C 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the section is empty
Binding: ListEmptyReasons (preferred): If a section is empty, why it is empty.
.... section 0..* See section (Composition) Nested Section

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Composition.language Base required All Languages 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.status Base required Composition Status 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.type Base required UDP Narrative Elements Value Set using NCIT codes to create a FHIR value set. 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG
Composition.category Base example Referenced Item Category Value Set 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.attester.​mode Base preferred Composition Attestation Mode 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.relatesTo.​type Base required Artifact Relationship Type 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.event.detail Base example v3 Code System ActCode 📦3.0.0 THO v7.1
Composition.section.​code Base extensible UDP Section Codes Value Set 📦1.0.0-ballot2 This IG
Composition.section.​orderedBy Base preferred List Order Codes 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.
Composition.section.​emptyReason Base preferred List Empty Reasons 📍6.0.0-ballot3 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
cmp-1 error Composition.section A section must contain at least one of text, entries, or sub-sections text.exists() or entry.exists() or section.exists()
cmp-2 error Composition.section A section can only have an emptyReason if no entries are included emptyReason.empty() or entry.empty()
dom-2 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Composition If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id.trace('id') in %resource.descendants().select(reference | as(uri))) or descendants().where(reference='#' | as(uri)='#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Composition If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Composition A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())

Summary

Must-Support: 1 element

Maturity: 2

 

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron