US Core Implementation Guide
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US Core Implementation Guide, published by HL7 International / Cross-Group Projects. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 7.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/US-Core/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

: Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substance use screen [TAPS] Questionnaire Example - XML Representation

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<Questionnaire xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir">
  <id value="TAPS"/>
  <meta>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire"/>
  </meta>
  <text>
    <status value="generated"/>
    <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><b>Structure</b><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top;"><tr style="border: 2px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top"><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table" title="The linkId for the item">LinkId</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table" title="Text for the item">Text</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table" title="Minimum and Maximum # of times the the itemcan appear in the instance">Cardinality</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table" title="The type of the item">Type</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table" title="Additional information about the item">Description &amp; Constraints</a><span style="float: right"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table" title="Legend for this format"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="doco" style="background-color: inherit"/></a></span></th></tr><tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck1.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_q_root.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="QuestionnaireRoot" class="hierarchy"/> TAPS</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Questionnaire</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/Questionnaire/TAPS#7.0.0</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" id="item./96842-0" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon-q-coding.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Coding" class="hierarchy"/> /96842-0</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">How often have you used any tobacco product in past 12 months</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice">choice</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Options: <a href="#opt-item./96842-0">5 options</a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck11.png)" id="item./88037-7" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon-q-coding.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Coding" class="hierarchy"/> /88037-7</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">How often have you had five or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice">choice</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Options: <a href="#opt-item./88037-7">5 options</a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck100.png)" id="item./88037-7-help" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon-q-display.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Display" class="hierarchy"/> /88037-7-help</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Some measures (like electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) used by CMS) define &quot;risky drinker&quot; differently based on gender: 4 or more drinks per day for women and 5 or more drinks per day for men. The LOINC for 4 or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 75889-6].</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-display">display</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
<tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck11.png)" id="item./75889-6" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon-q-coding.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Coding" class="hierarchy"/> /75889-6</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">How often have you had four or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice">choice</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Options: <a href="#opt-item./75889-6">5 options</a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck100.png)" id="item./75889-6-help" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon-q-display.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Display" class="hierarchy"/> /75889-6-help</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">A question asked to determine if the patient is considered a 'risky drinker'. This term was created for, but not limited in use to, an electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) to be used in the CMS EHR Incentive Program for Meaningful Use. The eCQM allows for multiple ways to screen for alcohol misuse, including AUDIT-C [LOINC: 75626-2] or one of two questions that assess whether the patient consumes alcohol [LOINC: 75855-7] and the frequency of heavy drinking days (this LOINC). The LOINC for five (5) or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 88037-7].</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-display">display</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
<tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" id="item./96843-8" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon-q-coding.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Coding" class="hierarchy"/> /96843-8</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">How often have you used illegal or recreational drugs in past 12 months</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice">choice</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Options: <a href="#opt-item./96843-8">5 options</a></td></tr>
<tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck00.png)" id="item./96844-6" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon-q-string.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="String" class="hierarchy"/> /96844-6</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">How often have you used any prescription medications just for the feeling, more than prescribed or that were not prescribed for you in past 12 months [TAPS]</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-string">string</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : left; background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
<tr><td colspan="5" class="hierarchy"><br/><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table" title="Legend for this format"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="doco" style="background-color: inherit"/> Documentation for this format</a></td></tr></table><hr/><p><b>Option Sets</b></p><a name="opt-item./96842-0"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /96842-0</b></p><ul><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul><a name="opt-item./88037-7"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /88037-7</b></p><ul><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul><a name="opt-item./75889-6"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /75889-6</b></p><ul><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul><a name="opt-item./96843-8"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /96843-8</b></p><ul><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style="font-size: 11px">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul></div>
  </text>
  <url value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/Questionnaire/TAPS"/>
  <identifier>
    <system value="urn:ietf:rfc:3986"/>
    <value value="urn:oid:2.16.840.1.113883.4.642.40.2.35.2"/>
  </identifier>
  <version value="7.0.0"/>
  <name value="TAPS"/>
  <title
         value="Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substance use screen [TAPS]"/>
  <status value="active"/>
  <experimental value="true"/>
  <subjectType value="Patient"/>
  <date value="2023-08-14"/>
  <publisher value="HL7 International / Cross-Group Projects"/>
  <contact>
    <name value="HL7 International / Cross-Group Projects"/>
    <telecom>
      <system value="url"/>
      <value value="http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/cgp"/>
    </telecom>
    <telecom>
      <system value="email"/>
      <value value="cgp@lists.HL7.org"/>
    </telecom>
  </contact>
  <jurisdiction>
    <coding>
      <system value="urn:iso:std:iso:3166"/>
      <code value="US"/>
    </coding>
  </jurisdiction>
  <copyright
             value="Used by permission of HL7 International, all rights reserved Creative Commons License"/>
  <code>
    <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
    <code value="96841-2"/>
    <display
             value="Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substance use screen [TAPS]"/>
  </code>
  <item>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control"/>
          <code value="drop-down"/>
          <display value="Drop down"/>
        </coding>
        <text value="Drop down"/>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
    <linkId value="/96842-0"/>
    <code>
      <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
      <code value="96842-0"/>
      <display
               value="How often have you used any tobacco product in past 12 months"/>
    </code>
    <text
          value="How often have you used any tobacco product in past 12 months"/>
    <type value="choice"/>
    <required value="false"/>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18934-2"/>
        <display value="Daily or almost daily"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18891-4"/>
        <display value="Weekly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18876-5"/>
        <display value="Monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18933-4"/>
        <display value="Less than monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA6270-8"/>
        <display value="Never"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
  </item>
  <item>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control"/>
          <code value="drop-down"/>
          <display value="Drop down"/>
        </coding>
        <text value="Drop down"/>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
    <linkId value="/88037-7"/>
    <code>
      <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
      <code value="88037-7"/>
      <display
               value="How often have you had five or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]"/>
    </code>
    <text
          value="How often have you had five or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]"/>
    <type value="choice"/>
    <required value="false"/>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18934-2"/>
        <display value="Daily or almost daily"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18891-4"/>
        <display value="Weekly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18876-5"/>
        <display value="Monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18933-4"/>
        <display value="Less than monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA6270-8"/>
        <display value="Never"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <item>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl">
        <valueCodeableConcept>
          <coding>
            <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control"/>
            <code value="help"/>
            <display value="Help-Button"/>
          </coding>
          <text value="Help-Button"/>
        </valueCodeableConcept>
      </extension>
      <linkId value="/88037-7-help"/>
      <text
            value="Some measures (like electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) used by CMS) define &quot;risky drinker&quot; differently based on gender: 4 or more drinks per day for women and 5 or more drinks per day for men. The LOINC for 4 or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 75889-6]."/>
      <type value="display"/>
    </item>
  </item>
  <item>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control"/>
          <code value="drop-down"/>
          <display value="Drop down"/>
        </coding>
        <text value="Drop down"/>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
    <linkId value="/75889-6"/>
    <code>
      <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
      <code value="75889-6"/>
      <display
               value="How often have you had four or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]"/>
    </code>
    <text
          value="How often have you had four or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]"/>
    <type value="choice"/>
    <required value="false"/>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18934-2"/>
        <display value="Daily or almost daily"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18891-4"/>
        <display value="Weekly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18876-5"/>
        <display value="Monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18933-4"/>
        <display value="Less than monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA6270-8"/>
        <display value="Never"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <item>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl">
        <valueCodeableConcept>
          <coding>
            <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control"/>
            <code value="help"/>
            <display value="Help-Button"/>
          </coding>
          <text value="Help-Button"/>
        </valueCodeableConcept>
      </extension>
      <linkId value="/75889-6-help"/>
      <text
            value="A question asked to determine if the patient is considered a 'risky drinker'. This term was created for, but not limited in use to, an electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) to be used in the CMS EHR Incentive Program for Meaningful Use. The eCQM allows for multiple ways to screen for alcohol misuse, including AUDIT-C [LOINC: 75626-2] or one of two questions that assess whether the patient consumes alcohol [LOINC: 75855-7] and the frequency of heavy drinking days (this LOINC). The LOINC for five (5) or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 88037-7]."/>
      <type value="display"/>
    </item>
  </item>
  <item>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control"/>
          <code value="drop-down"/>
          <display value="Drop down"/>
        </coding>
        <text value="Drop down"/>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
    <linkId value="/96843-8"/>
    <code>
      <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
      <code value="96843-8"/>
      <display
               value="How often have you used illegal or recreational drugs in past 12 months"/>
    </code>
    <text
          value="How often have you used illegal or recreational drugs in past 12 months"/>
    <type value="choice"/>
    <required value="false"/>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18934-2"/>
        <display value="Daily or almost daily"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18891-4"/>
        <display value="Weekly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18876-5"/>
        <display value="Monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA18933-4"/>
        <display value="Less than monthly"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
    <answerOption>
      <valueCoding>
        <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
        <code value="LA6270-8"/>
        <display value="Never"/>
      </valueCoding>
    </answerOption>
  </item>
  <item>
    <linkId value="/96844-6"/>
    <code>
      <system value="http://loinc.org"/>
      <code value="96844-6"/>
      <display
               value="How often have you used any prescription medications just for the feeling, more than prescribed or that were not prescribed for you in past 12 months [TAPS]"/>
    </code>
    <text
          value="How often have you used any prescription medications just for the feeling, more than prescribed or that were not prescribed for you in past 12 months [TAPS]"/>
    <type value="string"/>
    <required value="false"/>
  </item>
</Questionnaire>