IDEA4RC FHIR Implementation Guide, published by IDEA4RC Project. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/hl7-eu/idea4rc/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
Official URL: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/idea4rc/ValueSet/vs-surgicalProcedureType-eu-i4rc | Version: 0.1.0 | |||
Active as of 2025-09-10 | Computable Name: SurgicalProcedureTypeVs |
Types of surgical procedure this resource is referring to (to be updated)
References
This value set is not used here; it may be used elsewhere (e.g. specifications and/or implementations that use this content)
This value set includes codes based on the following rules:
http://fhir.ohdsi.org/CodeSystem/concepts
Code | Display |
4019656 | Isolated limb perfusion |
4003059 | Shoulder reconstruction |
37394766 | Primary open reduction rhinoplasty involving cartilage |
4333006 | Correction of rotational orbital dystopia |
46272956 | Dega osteotomy of pelvic bone |
4204599 | Reconstruction of lateral collateral ligament of elbow using tendon graft |
4051629 | Reconstruction of trunk using fasciocutaneous flap |
42537247 | Reconstruction of hypopharynx |
42709805 | Reconstruction of upper limb |
4080089 | Extra-articular plastic replacement of intra-articular ligament |
4003550 | Obstetrics reconstruction |
4003564 | Thorax reconstruction |
4034457 | Eminence augmentation temporomandibular joint |
42539315 | Plastic operation of external ear |
4203605 | Repair of corneal laceration with conjunctival flap |
4090512 | Repair of cleft palate using pharyngeal flap |
4002364 | Trunk reconstruction |
4189676 | Osteoclasis of clavicle |
4048629 | Reconstruction of maxillary antrum |
4331816 | Cementoplasty using fluoroscopic guidance |
4142501 | Refracture of nasal bones |
4078089 | Primary intra-articular autograft augmentation intra-articular ligament |
4142079 | Conversion from uncemented hemiarthroplasty of hip |
4208618 | Refashioning of arteriovenous fistula |
4309273 | Plastic repair with lengthening |
4065708 | Repair of canthus with local skin flap |
37157471 | Total replacement of hip joint using metal augmentation |
4271046 | Reconstructive orthopedic procedure |
4066082 | Reduction rhinoplasty |
4101560 | Functional reconstruction of internal nose |
4197307 | Augmentation of tibia |
4322461 | Treatment of nasomaxillary complex fracture, Lefort II type |
4029419 | Reconstruction of abdominal wall using flap |
4194057 | Excision of lesion of palate with local flap closure |
4107577 | Reduction of gigantism of hand |
44783283 | Local flap of skin to neck |
4003903 | Nerve reconstruction |
4166279 | Zancolli reconstruction stage 2 |
4167829 | Reconstruction of diaphragm |
4232347 | Pharyngeal reconstruction by direct closure |
37152351 | Reconstruction of articular cartilage of knee joint |
4073105 | Distant microvascular transferred flap, axial pattern |
4003889 | Testis reconstruction |
44790033 | Graft of fascia to eyelid |
35610630 | Superior capsular reconstruction of shoulder joint |
4142230 | Repair of cleft hard palate with posteriorly based axial transposition flap |
40493419 | Primary extraarticular prosthetic augmentation of intraarticular ligament |
4104832 | Pemberton osteotomy operation of ilium |
4070619 | Repair of anterior cleft palate with local flap |
37165150 | Excision of pressure injury of lower limb with local flap reconstruction using skin flap |
4137375 | Prosthetic replacement of lumbar intervertebral disc |
4097143 | Pharyngoplasty for cleft palate |
4267431 | Osteoclasis of femur |
44807545 | Scapholunate ligament reconstruction |
4003234 | Scrotum reconstruction |
4221558 | Primary rhinoplasty with elevation of nasal tip |
44809224 | CT and fluoroscopy guided cementoplasty |
4107112 | Primary allograft augmentation extra-articular ligament |
44813882 | Revision of breast reduction |
4066079 | Total reconstruction of nose |
4004034 | Posterior segment of eye reconstruction |
37310508 | Thyroplasty |
4333018 | Posterior lamellar reconstruction of eyelid |
40483135 | Revisional laminoplasty of cervical spine |
37157145 | Revision of total replacement of knee joint with bone autograft |
4121436 | Bone reconstruction |
4235352 | Reconstruction of forehead using autograft |
4000743 | Pelvis reconstruction |
40483153 | Reconstruction of oral cavity |
42537125 | Transfer of distant skin flap to neck |
4002540 | Integumentary system reconstruction |
4012929 | Surgical closure of tracheal fistula with plastic repair |
4296539 | Middle ear reconstruction |
42539076 | Reconstruction using skin flap |
4147194 | Grafting of bone of clavicle |
42709788 | Reconstruction of lower limb |
4003560 | External ear reconstruction |
4003200 | Accessory sinus reconstruction |
4048315 | Occlusion of nostril |
4140871 | Repair of cleft hard palate with bipedicled flaps |
4140106 | Plastic repair of tricuspid valve |
4081414 | Reconstruction with distant flap |
44810515 | Fluoroscopy guided recanalisation of vein |
4140285 | Reconstruction of radial club hand |
46271054 | Reconstruction of floor of mouth |
44806754 | Closed rhinoplasty |
40492355 | Repositioning of corneal flap |
4335300 | Anterior lamellar reconstruction of eyelid |
4203994 | Cervical laminoplasty with decompression of spinal cord |
4061557 | Reconstruction of eye socket |
4002402 | Cardiovascular system reconstruction |
37394749 | Primary open modification rhinoplasty involving cartilage |
4065699 | Correction of vertical orbital dystopia with orbital osteotomies |
4049671 | Reconstruction of suprarenal artery |
4076601 | Conversion from uncemented unicompartmental knee replacement |
4166278 | Zancolli reconstruction stage 1 |
4140813 | Plastic operation on muscle |
44782856 | Plastic operation on pharynx |
4144856 | Plastic repair of pulmonary valve |
37152798 | Revision of total replacement of knee joint using modular metal augmentation |
4212092 | Periprosthetic capsulotomy of breast |
4220514 | Augmentation osteoplasty of facial bones |
4169916 | Augmentation of bladder |
4121899 | Adipose tissue reduction operation |
4197308 | Augmentation of talus |
4241100 | Reduction mammoplasty |
4002398 | Trachea reconstruction |
4002208 | Adenoid reconstruction |
4002551 | Mouth reconstruction |
4137885 | Alar reconstruction with cartilage graft |
4048431 | Rhinoseptoplasty |
4313292 | Bronchoplasty |
37156121 | Reconstruction using latissimus dorsi flap |
4019026 | Plastic repair of aorta |
4130390 | Refashioning urinary stoma |
4085126 | Reconstruction with fascial graft |
4083672 | Arthroscopic chondroplasty of shoulder joint |
4019423 | Profundoplasty of femoral artery and patch repair of deep femoral artery |
4343908 | Ligament reconstruction |
4001544 | Ovary reconstruction |
4048640 | Posterior pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty |
4262815 | Primary repair of torn ligament and capsule of knee, collateral |
4004035 | Extraocular muscles reconstruction |
46273050 | Reconstruction with supercharged free flap |
4237771 | Restoration of eyebrow with graft |
44782858 | Plastic operation on salivary duct |
4329163 | Reconstruction of subcutaneous tissue without skin graft |
4122104 | Reconstruction of mouth defect using graft |
4118961 | Pharyngeal reconstruction with distant flap |
37157470 | Revision of total replacement of hip joint using metal augmentation |
4169902 | Reconstruction of eyelid with tarsoconjunctival flap |
4338040 | Reconstruction of orbital cavity with conjunctival flap |
4073709 | Pedicle flap urethroplasty |
4004057 | Construction in forearm |
4261527 | Reconstruction of below-elbow amputation |
4004031 | Anterior segment of eye reconstruction |
4224970 | Arthroscopically aided posterior cruciate ligament augmentation |
4027668 | Reconstruction of eyebrow |
4283380 | Plastic repair with prosthetic implant |
44807383 | Reconstruction of posterolateral corner of knee |
44807403 | Ligament reconstruction of carpometacarpal joint of thumb |
45766810 | Closed rhinoplasty |
4213796 | Rhinoplasty of nasal deformity |
4073099 | Reconstruction using distant free osteofasciocutaneous flap with microvascular anastomosis |
44783706 | Radial forearm free flap |
4306567 | Reconstruction of pharynx |
4286488 | Reconstruction of eyelid with graft |
4259418 | Reconstruction of medial collateral ligament of elbow using tendon graft |
44782962 | Local fasciocutaneous flap to neck |
36674357 | Laparoscopic augmentation of lower esophageal sphincter using magnetic titanium ring |
4152497 | Reconstruction of nose with bone graft and skin flap |
4078254 | Primary arthroscopic prosthetic ligament augmentation |
4193059 | Plastic operations on nipple |
42872685 | Reconstruction of intraarticular ligament |
4001367 | Anus reconstruction |
4137609 | Reconstruction of penis |
4321095 | Reconstruction of joint |
4142883 | Grafting of skin and fat to eyelid |
35621837 | Repair of epispadias urethroplasty using glanular flap |
4073098 | Distant microvascular transferred flap, fasciocutaneous |
4052244 | Reconstruction of axillary artery |
4071370 | Plastic repair of tendon |
4047346 | Augmentation procedure |
4173484 | Reconstruction of femoral artery |
4002394 | Larynx reconstruction |
4259405 | Reconstruction of forehead using allograft |
4181413 | Limited rhinoplasty |
4236837 | Tendon pulley reconstruction |
4003054 | Hip joint reconstruction |
4023618 | Reconstruction of head and neck using muscle flap |
4048622 | Reconstruction of nose |
4146450 | Extraarticular scapular resection with reconstruction of shoulder |
4072138 | Plastic repair of radial insertion of biceps brachii |
42709789 | Reconstruction of lower leg |
4034441 | Resurfacing of the patella |
37152834 | Reconstruction using bipedicled flap |
4297300 | Ligamentous reconstruction of knee, intra-articular and extra-articular |
4078578 | Reduction of macrodactyly of hand |
4001363 | Small intestine reconstruction |
4117208 | Hand plastic operation with implant |
4204902 | Grafting of bone to iliac crest with microvascular anastomosis |
4330850 | Reconstruction of eyelid |
4180122 | Uvulopalatoplasty |
37152862 | Reconstruction using mucosal flap |
37152465 | Pedicle myocutaneous flap to eyelid |
44782960 | Local myocutaneous flap to neck |
42537372 | Reconstruction using forehead flap graft |
761060 | Plastic repair of thigh |
37162960 | Reconstruction using flap from forehead |
4072579 | Reconstruction of vagina |
4067249 | Reconstruction of nose with skin graft |
4049381 | Pharyngeal reconstruction using prosthesis |
4081413 | Reconstruction with skin graft |
4013058 | Conjunctival flap, partial |
4067246 | Augmentation rhinoplasty |
4168538 | Reconstruction of popliteal artery |
4135728 | Reconstruction of angular deformity of toe by soft tissue procedure |
4069606 | Chondroplasty of larynx |
40480565 | Ablative resurfacing of skin of eyelid using laser |
4075460 | Grafting of mucosa to head or neck |
4306447 | Repair of postcataract wound dehiscence with conjunctival flap |
4065700 | Correction of rotational orbital dystopia with orbital osteotomies |
4123243 | Reduction of maxillary tuberosity |
4107105 | Primary autograft replacement extra-articular ligament |
4167163 | Reconstruction of head and neck using fasciocutaneous flap |
4311042 | Reconstruction of artery |
4199737 | Plastic repair with excision of tissue |
4343674 | Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint |
37157102 | Anterior palatoplasty |
42537375 | Reconstruction using deltopectoral pedicle flap |
37394753 | Primary closed modification rhinoplasty involving cartilage |
37163220 | Reconstruction using posterior tibial artery fasciocutaneous flap |
4001359 | Esophagus reconstruction |
4029134 | Augmentation of buttock |
4078258 | Arthroscopic acromioplasty |
4201285 | Bone graft of femur |
4000895 | Aorta reconstruction |
4070231 | Plastic excision of skin of abdominal wall |
4068549 | Overlay scleroplasty |
4077322 | Primary reattachment extra-articular ligament |
4132460 | Repair of spinal meningocele using local flap |
4231058 | Reconstruction of collateral ligament of interphalangeal joint using graft |
42709806 | Reconstruction of upper arm |
4002055 | Skin of trunk reconstruction |
4144883 | Prosthetic replacement of cervical intervertebral disc |
4068912 | Repair of anterior cleft palate with vomerine flap |
44808441 | Endoscopic augmentation of lower oesophageal sphincter using hydrogel implant |
4000754 | Thigh reconstruction |
37394757 | Primary open augmentation rhinoplasty involving cartilage |
4180999 | Microvascular free tissue transfer of flap of muscle |
4068916 | Laser uvulectomy and palatal scarring |
4229990 | Reconstruction of vena cava |
4003045 | Neck reconstruction |
44806205 | Reconstruction of intra-articular ligament |
4210771 | Reconstruction of eyelid, full-thickness |
4183405 | Conjunctival flap, total |
4065574 | Hair bearing skin flap to eyebrow |
4280367 | Conjunctival flap, bridge |
4085260 | Reduction of batwing arms |
4237750 | Surgical closure of tracheostomy with plastic repair |
4186462 | Plastic repair with augmentation |
4329457 | Bone graft to nose |
4035766 | Complex reconstruction operations on wrist and hand(excluding arthroplasty) |
37158483 | Reconstruction of pressure injury stage II |
4115486 | Reconstruction artificial larynx |
4003551 | Brain reconstruction |
4001885 | Ankle reconstruction |
37157387 | Reconstruction of mandible using bone flap |
37157264 | Reconstruction of extremity using flap |
4089967 | Filleting of toe flap including preparation of recipient site |
44783703 | Laminoplasty at C3 and C4 vertebra |
4333697 | Repair of spinal cord meninges for cerebrospinal fluid fistula using distal tissue flap |
37152854 | Reconstruction using flap |
37157171 | Total replacement of knee with impaction bone graft |
4041981 | Gastrointestinal tract reconstruction |
40479267 | Transplantation of muscle flap to upper extremity |
44806206 | Reconstruction of extra-articular ligament |
4067091 | Conversion from previous direct anastomosis of esophagus |
4001020 | Lip reconstruction |
4036944 | Plastic repair with shortening |
4077325 | Primary open reattachment intra-articular ligament |
4267730 | Excision of ischial pressure injury with skin flap reconstruction |
4074406 | Complex reconstruction operations on hand and foot |
4139425 | Bone graft of patella |
4076602 | Conversion from hybrid unicompartmental knee replacement |
4107589 | Reduction of gigantism of foot |
4106756 | Primary extra-articular autograft augmentation intra-articular ligament |
4076600 | Conversion from cemented unicompartmental knee replacement |
4075317 | Reconstruction with mucosal graft |
4071518 | Abdominoplasty |
4333005 | Correction of vertical orbital dystopia |
37158484 | Reconstruction of pressure injury stage III |
4071286 | Reconstruction of gastrostomy |
4002213 | Thymus reconstruction |
4232236 | Reconstruction of volar plate of interphalangeal joint of finger |
40479737 | Augmentation of pectoral region |
37157144 | Revision of total replacement of knee joint with bone allograft |
36676206 | Plastic operation on palatopharyngeal sphincter with reconstruction using pharyngeal flap |
4048313 | Open rhinoplasty |
4330505 | Cementoplasty of glenoid using fluoroscopic guidance |
4070620 | Repair of cleft soft palate with intra-velar veloplasty |
4081734 | Reconstruction with local flap |
42537263 | Reconstruction of ear |
4240016 | Surgical fracture of nasal turbinates |
4127436 | Augmentation of periarticular bone |
4080101 | Reduction of macrodactyly of toe |
4081735 | Reconstruction with free flap |
4201943 | Reconstruction of vagina with flap |
4001552 | Eye reconstruction |
4170547 | Reconstruction of lateral canthus |
4032007 | Reconstruction of eyelid with mucous membrane flap |
4245403 | Osteoclasis of scapula |
4134852 | Lingual frenoplasty |
4100203 | Suture of thoracic duct by abdominal approach |
4001871 | Wrist reconstruction |
4003571 | Abdomen reconstruction |
4032137 | Previous chest wall incision - repair with flap |
44807384 | Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament |
4065698 | Correction of hypotelorism with orbital osteotomies |
4254212 | Plastic operation on hand with implant |
4263264 | Repair of ectropion by blepharoplasty |
4260966 | Resection of pharyngeal wall with closure using myocutaneous flap |
37152911 | Robot assisted laparoscopic ureteroplasty with oral mucosal graft |
4210326 | Reconstruction of frontonasal duct |
4073975 | Plastic repair of urethrocele in female |
4093294 | Plastic operation on fascia |
37017415 | Reconstruction of joint of knee with external fixation |
4069045 | Repair of anterior palatal fistula with gingival flap |
4002695 | Lymphatic system reconstruction |
4339302 | Reconstruction of trunk using myocutaneous flap |
4107273 | Primary arthroscopic autograft ligament augmentation |
4004053 | Perineum reconstruction |
4146614 | Reconstruction of nose with flap |
4210148 | Augmentation of femur |
764574 | Reconstruction of conjunctival fornix |
4208343 | Augmentation of glenoid |
4132461 | Repair of spinal meningocele using distant flap |
4205235 | Thompson hemiarthroplasty of hip joint using cement |
4161778 | Guide wire recanalization of central venous catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast |
4124340 | Reconstruction of mouth using flap |
4071774 | Reconstruction using distant osteomyocutaneous flap with microvascular anastomosis |
4002405 | Heart reconstruction |
4335524 | Cementoplasty of acetabulum using fluoroscopic guidance |
4206405 | Excision of coccygeal pressure injury with coccygectomy and flap reconstruction |
4002209 | Tonsil reconstruction |
37157146 | Revision of total replacement of knee joint with impaction bone grafting |
44809351 | Revision of reduction mastopexy |
4247598 | Reconstruction of trunk using muscle flap |
4071131 | Repair of defect of palate with mucosal flap |
4032786 | Rhytidectomy of subcutaneous and musculoaponeurotic system |
4332314 | Repair of spinal cord meninges for cerebrospinal fluid fistula using local tissue flap |
4041631 | Enlargement procedure |
4185047 | Arthroscopically aided anterior cruciate ligament augmentation |
37158485 | Reconstruction of pressure injury stage IV |
4172453 | Osteoplasty of cranium with flap of bone |
4173515 | MUA - Manipulation under anesthetic of fractured nasal bones |
4337598 | Tracheal reconstruction with patch |
4003533 | Epididymis reconstruction |
4002555 | Stomach reconstruction |
4220482 | Tracheoplasty by intrathoracic approach |
44809637 | Fluoroscopy guided recanalisation of tunnelled central venous catheter using guide wire |
4117066 | Reconstruction of urethra |
4122290 | Plastic operation on spinal cord/meninges |
4001884 | Foot reconstruction |
44782859 | Plastic operation on salivary gland |
44783700 | Reconstruction of skin |
4184586 | Plastic repair with reduction |
4230793 | Repair of cisterna chyli |
4335301 | Reconstruction of eyelid with skin flap |
4310613 | Excision of trochanteric pressure injury with skin flap reconstruction |
4244731 | Augmentation of outflow tract of pulmonary valve |
4075122 | Plastic repair of rotator cuff of shoulder |
37311672 | Pedicle vascularized bone graft to iliac crest |
4337469 | Laryngotracheoplasty |
4048638 | Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus |
4338529 | Hysterotracheloplasty |
4001561 | Inner ear reconstruction |
4071129 | Repair of defect of palate with skin flap |
4070512 | Watson-Jones operation for reconstruction of lateral ligaments of ankle |
4002691 | Endocrine gland reconstruction |
4049435 | Intermediate transfer of pedicle flap |
4205774 | Reconstruction of dislocating patella with patellectomy |
4282469 | Tracheoplasty by cervical approach |
4002558 | Large intestine reconstruction |
4051618 | External rhinoplasty |
4056776 | Plastic repair and transfer of tissue |
4312953 | Gastroplasty |
4217826 | Revision rhinoplasty |
4197306 | Augmentation of humerus |
4199945 | Reconstruction of maxilla with flap |
4333152 | Iridoplasty |
4071128 | Repair of defect of palate with flap of palate |
4335178 | Correction of hypotelorism |
37394770 | Primary closed reduction rhinoplasty involving cartilage |
4162104 | Frenoplasty |
4144871 | Reconstruction of femoral artery or popliteal artery |
4215635 | Repair of entropion with lid reconstruction |
4003719 | Neck artery reconstruction |
4116621 | Hair bearing graft of skin to skin |
4123634 | Reconstruction of breast with flap |
4241567 | Plastic repair with radial incision |
4069043 | Repair of defect of palate with tongue flap |
4072048 | Reconstruction of tendon sheath |
4078088 | Primary autograft augmentation extra-articular ligament |
40480417 | Primary reconstruction of lamina of cervical spine |
4048336 | Pharyngeal reconstruction with local flap |
4201581 | Primary rhinoplasty of alar cartilages |
4339606 | Tracheal reconstruction with flap |
4336297 | Repair of spinal myelomeningocele using local flap |
37164591 | Reconstruction of nasopharynx using pedicle nasoseptal flap |
4042311 | Plastic repair procedure |
4144604 | Complex reconstruction of shoulder |
4123868 | Reconstruction of palate |
4297366 | Plastic repair of mouth |
4279760 | Reconstruction of head and neck using myocutaneous flap |
4070229 | Facelift and tightening of platysma |
40479712 | Transplantation of muscle flap to lower extremity |
4208344 | Augmentation of ulna |
4286791 | Arthroscopically aided posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
4285601 | Wardill operation, cleft palate repair |
4307240 | Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
4239567 | Grafting of bone of scapula |
4165736 | Pharyngolaryngectomy with radical neck dissection and reconstruction |
37157072 | Local fascial flap to eyelid |
4138869 | Conversion from cemented hemiarthroplasty of hip |
36676205 | Reconstruction of mandible using osteocutaneous flap |
44784395 | Resurfacing hemiarthroplasty of head of humerus |
4281095 | Reconstruction of eyelid, partial-thickness |
4003725 | Vein reconstruction |
4002538 | Pericardium reconstruction |
4088219 | Osteoclasis of carpal and/or metacarpal bone |
764450 | Circumferential body lift |
4003065 | Hand reconstruction |
4041967 | Reconstruction for recurrent dislocating patella with extensor realignment |
37398848 | Primary closed augmentation rhinoplasty involving cartilage |
4201600 | Filleting of finger flap including preparation of recipient site |
4285274 | Formation of free flap graft by microvascular technique |
4003552 | Spinal cord reconstruction |
44782860 | Plastic operation on tongue |
37152785 | Reconstruction using pedicle fascial flap |
4107235 | Plastic repair and revision of injury |
764404 | Augmentation of maxillary sinus |
4270512 | Osteoclasis of patella |
4324447 | CT guided cementoplasty of glenoid |
45773109 | Plastic operation on trachea |
4048337 | Pharyngeal reconstruction with gastrointestinal anastomosis |
40482475 | Resurfacing of head of femur |
4002203 | Thyroid gland reconstruction |
4214889 | Carinal reconstruction |
4141236 | Reconstruction of external ear with flap |
37153594 | Total replacement of knee joint using modular metal augmentation |
4149336 | Plastic repair and revision with revascularization |
40479973 | Reconstruction of extra-articular ligament for stabilization of joint |
4001891 | Nasopharynx reconstruction |
4169832 | Reconstruction of superficial femoral artery |
40479754 | Augmentation of soft tissue of face using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene implant |
4003395 | Inguinal region reconstruction |
4003233 | Vas deferens reconstruction |
4335461 | Reduction of Reinke's edema |
4194745 | Excision of anal fissure and island flap closure |
4002200 | Pancreas reconstruction |
No Expansion for this valueset (Unknown Code System)
Explanation of the columns that may appear on this page:
Level | A few code lists that FHIR defines are hierarchical - each code is assigned a level. In this scheme, some codes are under other codes, and imply that the code they are under also applies |
System | The source of the definition of the code (when the value set draws in codes defined elsewhere) |
Code | The code (used as the code in the resource instance) |
Display | The display (used in the display element of a Coding). If there is no display, implementers should not simply display the code, but map the concept into their application |
Definition | An explanation of the meaning of the concept |
Comments | Additional notes about how to use the code |