Evidence Based Medicine on FHIR Implementation Guide
1.0.0-ballot3 - STU 1 Ballot 3
World
Evidence Based Medicine on FHIR Implementation Guide
1.0.0-ballot3 - STU 1 Ballot 3
World
Evidence Based Medicine on FHIR Implementation Guide, published by HL7 International / Clinical Decision Support. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0-ballot3 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/ebm/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
| Official URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/pico-specification | Version: 1.0.0-ballot3 | ||||
| Standards status: Trial-use | Maturity Level: 1 | Computable Name: PICOSpecification | |||
| Other Identifiers: OID:2.16.840.1.113883.4.642.40.44.42.155 | |||||
Profile of Group for Evidence Based Medicine IG. The PICOSpecification Profile is used to represent a clinical question defined with Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome components.
Usages:
You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics
Description Differentials, Snapshots, and other representations.
| Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source |
| Group.status | Base | required | PublicationStatus | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.membership | Base | required | Group Membership Basis | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.combinationMethod | Base | required | Group Characteristic Combination | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression |
| ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
|
| grp-2 | error | Group | Group.type SHALL be defined if Group.membership is either 'definitional' or 'enumerated' |
type.exists() or (membership = 'conceptual')
|
This structure is derived from ConceptualCohortDefinition
| Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter:  |
|---|---|---|---|---|
  Group |
0..* | ConceptualCohortDefinition | Group of multiple entities Interfaces Implemented: CanonicalResource | |
  combinationMethod |
0..1 | code | all-of | any-of | at-least | at-most | except-subset Required Pattern: all-of (extensions allowed) | |
 characteristic |
||||
  code |
1..1 | CodeableConcept | Kind of characteristic Binding: PICO Classification Value Set (extensible) | |
| Documentation for this format | ||||
| Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source |
| Group.characteristic.code | Base | extensible | PICO Classification Value Set | 📦1.0.0-ballot3 | This IG |
| Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group |
C | 0..* | ConceptualCohortDefinition | Group of multiple entities Interfaces Implemented: CanonicalResource Constraints: grp-2 | ||||
 id |
0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact | |||||
 meta |
0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource | |||||
| implicitRules |
0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created | |||||
| language |
0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: AllLanguages (required): IETF language tag for a human language
| |||||
| text |
0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements | |||||
| contained |
0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |||||
  Slices for extension |
0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
   extension:author |
0..* | ContactDetail | Who authored the artifact URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-author | |||||
| extension:recorder |
0..* | ContactDetail | Who entered the data URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/artifact-recorder | |||||
| extension:citeAs |
0..1 | markdown | PublicationRecord for this Resource URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/cite-as | |||||
| extension:relatedArtifact |
0..* | RelatedArtifact | Additional documentation, citations, etc. URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-relatedArtifact | |||||
| extension:characteristicExpression |
0..1 | Expression | Criteria for group membership URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/characteristicExpression | |||||
 extension:publicationStatus |
0..1 | CodeableConcept | Publication status URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/artifact-publication-status Binding: Cited Artifact Status Type (preferred) | |||||
 modifierExtension |
0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
| url |
C | 0..1 | uri | Canonical identifier for this Group, represented as an absolute URI (globally unique) Constraints: cnl-1 | ||||
| identifier |
0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for this Group | |||||
| version |
0..1 | string | Business version of the Group | |||||
 versionAlgorithm[x] |
0..1 | How to compare versions Binding: VersionAlgorithm (extensible) | ||||||
| versionAlgorithmString |
string | |||||||
| versionAlgorithmCoding |
Coding | |||||||
| name |
0..1 | string | Label for Group | |||||
| title |
0..1 | string | Name for this Group (human friendly) | |||||
| status |
0..1 | code | draft | active | retired | unknown Binding: PublicationStatus (required): The lifecycle status of an artifact. | |||||
| experimental |
0..1 | boolean | For testing only - never for real usage | |||||
| date |
0..1 | dateTime | Date last changed | |||||
| publisher |
0..1 | string | Name of the publisher/steward (organization or individual) | |||||
| contact |
0..* | ContactDetail | Contact details for the publisher | |||||
| description |
0..1 | markdown | Natural language description of the group | |||||
| useContext |
0..* | UsageContext | The context that the content is intended to support | |||||
| purpose |
0..1 | markdown | Why this Group is defined | |||||
| copyright |
0..1 | markdown | Notice about intellectual property ownership, can include restrictions on use | |||||
| copyrightLabel |
0..1 | string | Copyright holder and year(s) | |||||
| type |
C | 0..1 | code | person | animal | practitioner | device | careteam | healthcareservice | location | organization | relatedperson | specimen | medication | medicinalproductdefinition | substance | substancedefinition | biologicallyDerivedProduct | nutritionProduct Binding: GroupType (required): Types of resources that are part of group. | ||||
| membership |
C | 1..1 | code | definitional | conceptual | enumerated Binding: GroupMembershipBasis (required): The basis for membership in a group Required Pattern: conceptual (extensions allowed) | ||||
| code |
0..1 | CodeableConcept | Use of the Group (and by implication, kind of members) Binding: GroupCode (extensible): A code that describes the kind of group, which usually dictates what kind if entities can be in the group. | |||||
 managingEntity |
0..1 | Reference(Organization | RelatedPerson | Practitioner | PractitionerRole) | Entity that is the custodian of the Group's definition | |||||
| combinationMethod |
0..1 | code | all-of | any-of | at-least | at-most | except-subset Binding: GroupCharacteristicCombination (required) Required Pattern: all-of (extensions allowed) | |||||
| combinationThreshold |
0..1 | positiveInt | Provides the value of "n" when "at-least" or "at-most" codes are used | |||||
| characteristic |
0..* | BackboneElement | Include / Exclude group members by Trait | |||||
| id |
0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
| Slices for extension |
0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
| extension:relevantForAutomatedMatching |
0..1 | boolean | Relevant for automated matching URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/relevant-for-automated-matching | |||||
| modifierExtension |
0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
| code |
1..1 | CodeableConcept | Kind of characteristic Binding: PICO Classification Value Set (extensible) | |||||
| value[x] |
1..1 | Value held by characteristic | ||||||
| valueCodeableConcept |
CodeableConcept | |||||||
| valueBoolean |
boolean | |||||||
| valueQuantity |
Quantity | |||||||
| valueRange |
Range | |||||||
| valueReference |
Reference(Any) | |||||||
| valueUri |
uri | |||||||
| valueExpression |
Expression | |||||||
| exclude |
1..1 | boolean | Group includes or excludes | |||||
| description |
0..1 | markdown | Natural language description of the characteristic | |||||
| method |
0..* | CodeableConcept | Method for how the characteristic value was determined Binding: DefinitionMethod (example) | |||||
| formula |
0..1 | Expression | Formal algorithm to derive the value | |||||
| determiner |
0..1 | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Device | DeviceDefinition) | Who determines the value | |||||
| offset |
0..1 | CodeableConcept | Reference point for comparison Binding: CharacteristicOffset (example) | |||||
| instances[x] |
C | 0..1 | Number of occurrences Constraints: grp-1 | |||||
| instancesUnsignedInt |
unsignedInt | |||||||
| instancesRange |
Range | |||||||
| duration[x] |
0..1 | How long | ||||||
| durationDuration |
Duration | |||||||
| durationRange |
Range | |||||||
| period |
0..1 | Period | When (in calendar time) | |||||
| relativeTime |
0..* | RelativeTime | When (with respect to an event) | |||||
| Documentation for this format | ||||||||
| Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source |
| Group.language | Base | required | All Languages | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.versionAlgorithm[x] | Base | extensible | Version Algorithm | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.status | Base | required | PublicationStatus | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.type | Base | required | Group Type | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.membership | Base | required | Group Membership Basis | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.code | Base | extensible | Group Code | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.combinationMethod | Base | required | Group Characteristic Combination | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.characteristic.code | Base | extensible | PICO Classification Value Set | 📦1.0.0-ballot3 | This IG |
| Group.characteristic.method | Base | example | Definition Method | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.characteristic.offset | Base | example | Characteristic Offset | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.member.involvement | Base | example | Group Involvement | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression |
| cnl-1 | warning | Group.url | URL should not contain | or # - these characters make processing canonical references problematic |
exists() implies matches('^[^|# ]+$')
|
| ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
|
| grp-1 | error | Group.characteristic.instances[x] | Ranges have to be positive |
($this is Range) implies ((low.empty() or ((low.code.exists() or low.value.empty()) and (low.system.empty() or low.system = %ucum) and (low.code.empty() or low.code = '1') and (low.value.empty() or low.value.hasValue().not() or low.value.toString().contains('.').not()) and (low.value.empty() or low.value.hasValue().not() or low.value >= 0))) and (high.empty() or ((high.code.exists() or high.value.empty()) and (high.system.empty() or high.system = %ucum) and (high.code.empty() or high.code = '1') and (high.value.empty() or high.value.hasValue().not() or high.value.toString().contains('.').not()) and (high.value.empty() or high.value.hasValue().not() or high.value >= 0))))
|
| grp-2 | error | Group | Group.type SHALL be defined if Group.membership is either 'definitional' or 'enumerated' |
type.exists() or (membership = 'conceptual')
|
This structure is derived from ConceptualCohortDefinition
Key Elements View
| Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source |
| Group.status | Base | required | PublicationStatus | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.membership | Base | required | Group Membership Basis | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.combinationMethod | Base | required | Group Characteristic Combination | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression |
| ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
|
| grp-2 | error | Group | Group.type SHALL be defined if Group.membership is either 'definitional' or 'enumerated' |
type.exists() or (membership = 'conceptual')
|
Differential View
This structure is derived from ConceptualCohortDefinition
| Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group |
0..* | ConceptualCohortDefinition | Group of multiple entities Interfaces Implemented: CanonicalResource | |
| combinationMethod |
0..1 | code | all-of | any-of | at-least | at-most | except-subset Required Pattern: all-of (extensions allowed) | |
| characteristic |
||||
| code |
1..1 | CodeableConcept | Kind of characteristic Binding: PICO Classification Value Set (extensible) | |
| Documentation for this format | ||||
| Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source |
| Group.characteristic.code | Base | extensible | PICO Classification Value Set | 📦1.0.0-ballot3 | This IG |
Snapshot ViewView
| Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group |
C | 0..* | ConceptualCohortDefinition | Group of multiple entities Interfaces Implemented: CanonicalResource Constraints: grp-2 | ||||
| id |
0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact | |||||
| meta |
0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource | |||||
| implicitRules |
0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created | |||||
| language |
0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: AllLanguages (required): IETF language tag for a human language
| |||||
| text |
0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements | |||||
| contained |
0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources | |||||
| Slices for extension |
0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
| extension:author |
0..* | ContactDetail | Who authored the artifact URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-author | |||||
| extension:recorder |
0..* | ContactDetail | Who entered the data URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/artifact-recorder | |||||
| extension:citeAs |
0..1 | markdown | PublicationRecord for this Resource URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/cite-as | |||||
| extension:relatedArtifact |
0..* | RelatedArtifact | Additional documentation, citations, etc. URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/artifact-relatedArtifact | |||||
| extension:characteristicExpression |
0..1 | Expression | Criteria for group membership URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/characteristicExpression | |||||
| extension:publicationStatus |
0..1 | CodeableConcept | Publication status URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/artifact-publication-status Binding: Cited Artifact Status Type (preferred) | |||||
| modifierExtension |
0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
| url |
C | 0..1 | uri | Canonical identifier for this Group, represented as an absolute URI (globally unique) Constraints: cnl-1 | ||||
| identifier |
0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for this Group | |||||
| version |
0..1 | string | Business version of the Group | |||||
| versionAlgorithm[x] |
0..1 | How to compare versions Binding: VersionAlgorithm (extensible) | ||||||
| versionAlgorithmString |
string | |||||||
| versionAlgorithmCoding |
Coding | |||||||
| name |
0..1 | string | Label for Group | |||||
| title |
0..1 | string | Name for this Group (human friendly) | |||||
| status |
0..1 | code | draft | active | retired | unknown Binding: PublicationStatus (required): The lifecycle status of an artifact. | |||||
| experimental |
0..1 | boolean | For testing only - never for real usage | |||||
| date |
0..1 | dateTime | Date last changed | |||||
| publisher |
0..1 | string | Name of the publisher/steward (organization or individual) | |||||
| contact |
0..* | ContactDetail | Contact details for the publisher | |||||
| description |
0..1 | markdown | Natural language description of the group | |||||
| useContext |
0..* | UsageContext | The context that the content is intended to support | |||||
| purpose |
0..1 | markdown | Why this Group is defined | |||||
| copyright |
0..1 | markdown | Notice about intellectual property ownership, can include restrictions on use | |||||
| copyrightLabel |
0..1 | string | Copyright holder and year(s) | |||||
| type |
C | 0..1 | code | person | animal | practitioner | device | careteam | healthcareservice | location | organization | relatedperson | specimen | medication | medicinalproductdefinition | substance | substancedefinition | biologicallyDerivedProduct | nutritionProduct Binding: GroupType (required): Types of resources that are part of group. | ||||
| membership |
C | 1..1 | code | definitional | conceptual | enumerated Binding: GroupMembershipBasis (required): The basis for membership in a group Required Pattern: conceptual (extensions allowed) | ||||
| code |
0..1 | CodeableConcept | Use of the Group (and by implication, kind of members) Binding: GroupCode (extensible): A code that describes the kind of group, which usually dictates what kind if entities can be in the group. | |||||
| managingEntity |
0..1 | Reference(Organization | RelatedPerson | Practitioner | PractitionerRole) | Entity that is the custodian of the Group's definition | |||||
| combinationMethod |
0..1 | code | all-of | any-of | at-least | at-most | except-subset Binding: GroupCharacteristicCombination (required) Required Pattern: all-of (extensions allowed) | |||||
| combinationThreshold |
0..1 | positiveInt | Provides the value of "n" when "at-least" or "at-most" codes are used | |||||
| characteristic |
0..* | BackboneElement | Include / Exclude group members by Trait | |||||
| id |
0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing | |||||
| Slices for extension |
0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
| extension:relevantForAutomatedMatching |
0..1 | boolean | Relevant for automated matching URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ebm/StructureDefinition/relevant-for-automated-matching | |||||
| modifierExtension |
0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url | |||||
| code |
1..1 | CodeableConcept | Kind of characteristic Binding: PICO Classification Value Set (extensible) | |||||
| value[x] |
1..1 | Value held by characteristic | ||||||
| valueCodeableConcept |
CodeableConcept | |||||||
| valueBoolean |
boolean | |||||||
| valueQuantity |
Quantity | |||||||
| valueRange |
Range | |||||||
| valueReference |
Reference(Any) | |||||||
| valueUri |
uri | |||||||
| valueExpression |
Expression | |||||||
| exclude |
1..1 | boolean | Group includes or excludes | |||||
| description |
0..1 | markdown | Natural language description of the characteristic | |||||
| method |
0..* | CodeableConcept | Method for how the characteristic value was determined Binding: DefinitionMethod (example) | |||||
| formula |
0..1 | Expression | Formal algorithm to derive the value | |||||
| determiner |
0..1 | Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Device | DeviceDefinition) | Who determines the value | |||||
| offset |
0..1 | CodeableConcept | Reference point for comparison Binding: CharacteristicOffset (example) | |||||
| instances[x] |
C | 0..1 | Number of occurrences Constraints: grp-1 | |||||
| instancesUnsignedInt |
unsignedInt | |||||||
| instancesRange |
Range | |||||||
| duration[x] |
0..1 | How long | ||||||
| durationDuration |
Duration | |||||||
| durationRange |
Range | |||||||
| period |
0..1 | Period | When (in calendar time) | |||||
| relativeTime |
0..* | RelativeTime | When (with respect to an event) | |||||
| Documentation for this format | ||||||||
| Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source |
| Group.language | Base | required | All Languages | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.versionAlgorithm[x] | Base | extensible | Version Algorithm | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.status | Base | required | PublicationStatus | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.type | Base | required | Group Type | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.membership | Base | required | Group Membership Basis | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.code | Base | extensible | Group Code | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.combinationMethod | Base | required | Group Characteristic Combination | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.characteristic.code | Base | extensible | PICO Classification Value Set | 📦1.0.0-ballot3 | This IG |
| Group.characteristic.method | Base | example | Definition Method | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.characteristic.offset | Base | example | Characteristic Offset | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Group.member.involvement | Base | example | Group Involvement | 📍6.0.0-snapshot1 | FHIR Std. |
| Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression |
| cnl-1 | warning | Group.url | URL should not contain | or # - these characters make processing canonical references problematic |
exists() implies matches('^[^|# ]+$')
|
| ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children |
hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
|
| grp-1 | error | Group.characteristic.instances[x] | Ranges have to be positive |
($this is Range) implies ((low.empty() or ((low.code.exists() or low.value.empty()) and (low.system.empty() or low.system = %ucum) and (low.code.empty() or low.code = '1') and (low.value.empty() or low.value.hasValue().not() or low.value.toString().contains('.').not()) and (low.value.empty() or low.value.hasValue().not() or low.value >= 0))) and (high.empty() or ((high.code.exists() or high.value.empty()) and (high.system.empty() or high.system = %ucum) and (high.code.empty() or high.code = '1') and (high.value.empty() or high.value.hasValue().not() or high.value.toString().contains('.').not()) and (high.value.empty() or high.value.hasValue().not() or high.value >= 0))))
|
| grp-2 | error | Group | Group.type SHALL be defined if Group.membership is either 'definitional' or 'enumerated' |
type.exists() or (membership = 'conceptual')
|
This structure is derived from ConceptualCohortDefinition
Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron
IG © 2024+ HL7 International / Clinical Decision Support.
Package hl7.fhir.uv.ebm#1.0.0-ballot3 based on FHIR 6.0.0-snapshot1.
Generated
2026-11-05
Links: Table of Contents |
QA Report
| Version History |
|
Propose a change
