臺灣中醫實作指引
0.1.0 - ci-build

臺灣中醫實作指引, published by 衛生福利部國家中醫藥研究所. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/nricmig/Nricm_TWCMIG/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

ValueSet: 病人脈象值集

Official URL: https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/ValueSet/twcm-pulsecondition Version: 0.1.0
Active as of 2026-08-31 Computable Name: TWCMPulseCondition

病人脈象值集,篩選自 WHOICTMTerminology 代碼系統中「切診類」(WGM2#848)底下的詞條。

References

Logical Definition (CLD)

 

Expansion

Expansion performed internally based on codesystem WHO傳統醫學國際標準術語(中醫) v0.1.0 (CodeSystem)

This value set contains 82 concepts

LevelSystemCodeDisplay (en)DefinitionJSONXML
1https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology  WGM2#848切診類
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#849切診A diagnostic method to feel, touch, palpate and press certain areas of the body.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#850脈診;切脈A diagnostic method to understand the condition of illness by feeling a patients’pulse and perceiving the sensations under the fingers.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#851三部九候遍診法Pulse examination on three regions of the body: the head, upper limbs and lower limbs. Each region is sub-divided into upper, middle and lower sections. Altogether they form nine pulse-taking positions.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#852按診A method to directly touch or press certain areas of the body to feel the local temperature, moistness, softness, tenderness, lumps or other abnormal changes, and thus to determine the location, nature and severity of the pathology.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#853三部九候診法A diagnostic method to feel three parts and nine depths. The three parts are head, hand and feet. Each part has three depths (heaven, earth and man), and thus there are a total of nine divisions.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#854腹診A diagnostic method to mainly press and palpate the patients’chest and abdomen to understand the condition of illness.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#855三部診法A diagnostic method used to feel three arteries: carotid artery at Renyin (ST 9), radial artery at Cunkou and dorsal artery of the foot at Chongyang (ST 42). The Cunkou area is felt for conditions of the twelve regular meridians; the Renyin (ST 9) and Chongyang (ST 42) are felt for stomach qi. Alternatively, Taixi (KI 3) is felt for kidney qi.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#856寸口診法A diagnostic method used to feel the pulse at the Cunkou area located at the medial aspect of the styloid process where the radial artery pulsates. The Cunkou area is divided into Cun, Guan and Chi positions. Each position is further divided into superficial, intermediate and deep depths. This method is known as three positions and three regions and nine positions in Cunkou area.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#857指法The positioning of the fingers in pulse diagnosis. First, to locate the Guan (medial aspect of the styloid process) position with the middle finger; then, to locate the Cun (anterior to Guan) position with the index finger and the Chi (posterior to Guan) position with the ring finger. The three fingers are slightly flexed, presenting the shape of an arc. The fingertips are kept on the same horizontal level and the pulse is felt with the palmar aspects of the fingers.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#858中指定關A doctor places the middle finger on the Guan position (the medial side of the styloid process) for pulse examination.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#859總按A method of pulse diagnosis where the three fingers are simultaneously positioned on the wrist to feel the pulse in Cun, Guan and Chi positions.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#860舉、按、尋A method of moving and exerting different finger pressures on positions for pulse examination. Lifting is to place the fingers gently on the Cunkou artery pulsation. Pressing is to exert finger pressure to reach deeper area. Searching is to gradually increase or decrease the finger pressure, moving finger contact areas to locate the best position with obvious pulsation.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#861布指Positioning of fingers in pulse examination. Generally, a doctor places the middle finger of the right hand to feel the Guan position of a patient’ s left hand, the index finger to feel the Cun position, the ring finger to feel the Chi position, and adjust the distances between the fingers according to the patient’s height.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#862脈象The pulse sensations, including such elements as the rate, rhythm, length, smoothness, tension and width.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#863病脈Pulses that are not normal or beyond physiological variations of a normal pulse.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#864胃、神、根The three main elements to distinguish deficiency from excess. A pulse with stomach qi feels relaxed, moderate and smooth. A pulse with spirit feels soft, forceful and rhythmic. A pulse with root feels forceful at the Chi position upon heavy pressure. In summary, a pulse with stomach qi, spirit and root indicates abundant stomach qi and normal functioning of qi and blood.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#865五十動When feeling the pulse, it is advisable to measure at least 50 beats to identify an abrupt or regularly/ irregularly intermittent pulse.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#866指目Refers to the area between fingertips and finger pulps, and the middle part connecting the two corners of the fingernails.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#867至數A pulse-taking terminology, referring to pulse rates in one breath (a breathing cycle). A normal pulse is 4–5 beats in one breath. A rapid pulse is more than 5 beats in one breath. A slow pulse is less than 4 beats in one breath.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#868二十八脈1) The 28 pulse conditions, namely, superficial (floating in other texts), deep, slow, rapid, slippery, hesitant, deficient, excessive, long, short, surging, feeble, tight, delayed, wiry, hollow, drumskin, soft, weak, scattered, thready, hidden, stirring, abrupt, knotted, intermittent and large (or swift). 2) The 28 meridians, including the 24 meridians of the both hands and feet, plus the Ren meridian, Du meridian, Yinqiao meridian and Yangqiao meridian.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#869脈色合參Refers to comprehensive analysis on the pulse and facial complexion. Since the condition of the pulse and the five colours share a common pathological mechanism, the combined analysis provides a more accurate diagnosis of conditions and can predict prognosis.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#870脈症合參A comprehensive analysis on the pulse and symptoms in diagnosing medical conditions. Sometimes the pulse is consistent with the symptoms, for example, a superficial, rapid pulse in a yang heat pattern or a thready, weak pulse in a deficiency pattern. Sometimes, the pulse is not consistent with the symptoms, for example, a deep, thready pulse in a yang heat pattern or a surging, large pulse in a deficiency pattern.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#871舍脈從症When there is an inconsistency between the pulse and symptoms, sometimes the treatment strategy is more based on symptoms than the pulse if symptoms manifest the pathological nature.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#872舍症從脈When there is an inconsistency between the pulse and symptoms, sometimes the treatment strategy is more based on the pulse than symptoms if the pulse manifests the pathological nature.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#873脈無胃氣A pulse that has lost its usual rhythm, frequency and evenness, manifesting as wiry, tight, hard or scattered, rootless and irregular. It is often a life-threatening sign, indicating an exhaustion of stomach qi and vital qi failure of the five zang organs.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#874脈從四時;脈應四時Physiological variations of normal pulses in four seasons. These include a mild wiry pulse in warm spring, a mild surging pulse in hot summer, a mild superficial pulse in cool autumn and a mild deep pulse in cold winter. The inconsistency or contradiction between the pulse and seasons indicates an abnormal body condition.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#875春脈如弦In spring, yang qi ascends, everything comes out of hibernation and stretches in all directions, and qi and blood within the body starts to flow outward. Hence, the pulse is wiry and straight.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#876夏脈如鉤In summer, yang qi flourishes and everything grows. As a result, the pulse is surging, large, and forceful, like roaring waves that crash onto the shore powerfully and slowly fade away.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#877秋脈如浮In autumn, yang qi starts to constrict and the pulsation decreases. As a result, the pulse is mild, superficial and comes in a rush and becomes scattered.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#878冬脈如營In winter, yang qi hides inside, and the skin pore is closed. As a result, the pulse is deep.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#879陽微陰弦Feeble yang results from yang qi deficiency of the upper jiao. Wiry yin results from excess yin cold in the lower jiao. Yin cold obstructing chest yang may cause chest bi-impediment or cardiac pain.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#880格陽關陰When the carotid pulsation feels four times stronger than normal, it is called rejected yang. It results from the three yang meridians (with overflow of qi and blood) rejecting the three yin meridians. When the radial pulsation is felt four times stronger than normal, it is called blocked yang. It results from the three yin meridians (with overflow of qi and blood) rejecting the three yang meridians. These conditions are also referred to as blockage between the upper and lower bodies.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#881外關內格Refers to radial pulsation felt at Yuji (LU 10), indicating that yang qi is blocked outside, whereas yin qi is rejected inside.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#882浮、中、沉Three levels in feeling the pulse by using light, moderate and heavy powers respectively.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#883寸關尺The three sections over the radial artery for feeling the pulse. Specifically, the Guan position is central to the styloid process at the wrist, where the tip of the physician’ s middle finger is placed; the Chi position is next to it on the distal aspect where the tip of the physicians’index finger is placed; and the Cun position is on the proximal aspect where the tip of the physicians’ring finger is placed.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#884寸脈One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the radial styloid process.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#885關脈One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the ulnar side of the radial styloid process.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#886尺脈One of the three positions at the Cunkou area: the pulsation of the radial artery felt at the cubital side of the radial styloid process.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#887單按A pulse diagnosis method to feel the pulse on one hand with just one finger to differentiate the conditions of Cun, Guan and Chi pulses. For example, to lift the index and ring fingers while feeling the Guan position with the middle finger.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#888平脈;常脈A pulse that can be felt at all three regions, with a frequency of 4–5 beats (60–75 beats per minute (bpm)) in one breath. It is neither superficial nor deep. It is relaxed, smooth, soft, forceful and rhythmic. It is marked by the three essential elements: stomach qi, spirit and root.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#889浮脈A pulse that can be easily felt with gentle touch but become insufficient or weak when pressing down. Often indicates an exterior pattern or yang qi deficiency.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#890沉脈A pulse that is difficult to feel with light or moderate pressure but can be felt on heavy pressure. It indicates an interior pattern. Specifically, a deep, forceful pulse indicates an interior excess pattern; whereas a deep, weak pulse indicates an interior deficiency pattern.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#891遲脈A pulse with less than 4 beats in one breath (<60 bpm). It indicates a cold pattern.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#892數脈A pulse with more than 5 beats in one breath (>75 bpm). It indicates a heat pattern. Specifically, a rapid, forceful pulse indicates an excess heat pattern; whereas a rapid, weak pulse indicates a deficiency heat pattern.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#893洪脈A pulse that is broad, large and forceful like roaring waves that crash onto the shore powerfully and slowly fade away. Often indicates an excess heat pattern.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#894大脈A pulse that is broad and can be felt on all three fingers. It indicates pathogenic factors prevailing over anti-pathogenic qi. A large, forceful pulse indicates an excess heat pattern; whereas a large, weak pulse indicates a deficiency pattern or loss of qi.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#895微脈A pulse that is extremely thin, soft and barely palpable. It may be felt and then sometimes is lost. It indicates deficiency of yin, yang, qi and blood.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#896細脈A pulse that feels thin and soft, like a silken thread. It indicates deficiency or dampness.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#897散脈A pulse that feels superficial without root. With light pressure, it is irregularly and chaotic. With heavy pressure, it is impalpable. It indicates critical conditions with dispersion of Yuan- primordial qi.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#898虛脈A pulse that is weak at all three regions, with emptiness feeling when pressed with force. It indicates a deficiency pattern.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#899實脈A pulse that is forceful at all three regions using different pressure. It indicates an excess pattern.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#900滑脈A pulse that feels smooth like pearls rolling on a dish. Beats come and go fluently and smoothly, feeling slick to the fingers. It indicates phlegm- fluid retention, indigestion and excess heat. Physiologically, it can be considered as a normal pulse. It can also be seen in healthy people or women during pregnancy, indicating abundant and harmonious qi and blood.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#901澀脈A pulse that feels stagnant and obstructive, like a knife scraping bamboo. It indicates consumption of essence, blood/fluids insufficiency, or qi stagnation and blood stasis.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#902長脈A pulse that can be felt beyond the Cun, Guan and Chi positions. It is straight from head to tail. It is straight and long like a pole. It indicates yang excess with internal heat.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#903短脈A pulse that cannot reach its location or range. It can be felt most clearly at the Guan position, more indistinct at the Cun and the Chi positions. A short, forceful pulse indicates qi stagnation; whereas a short, weak pulse indicates qi deficiency.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#904弦脈A pulse that feels straight, long and tense, like the feeling of pressing a tight string of a musical instrument. It indicates liver/gallbladder problems, pain, wind, or phlegm-fluid retention.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#905芤脈A pulse that feels superficial, large but empty in the centre, like a scallion (spring onion) stalk. It could be due to a sudden loss of blood and/or fluid causing the emptiness, resulting in severe yin deficiency and subsequent massive dispersion of yang.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#906緊脈A pulse that feels like pulling a twisted rope. It indicates a cold pattern, pain pattern or indigestion.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#907緩脈A pulse with about 4 beats in one breath (60 bpm). The beats come and go slowly. It indicates dampness, weakness of the spleen and stomach, or low ability to energize the pulse due to qi deficiency.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#908革脈A pulse that can be easily felt with gentle touch. It is superficial with an empty centre, feeling like the head of a drum. It indicates loss of blood/essence and insecurity of healthy qi.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#909牢脈A pulse that feels deep, excessive, string-taut and long. It is indistinct on light or moderate pressure but stable on heavy pressure. It indicates internal cold, perhaps hernia and abdominal masses.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#910弱脈A pulse that feels thready, soft, deep and weak. It indicates deficiency of qi and blood.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#911濡脈A pulse that is superficial, thready and can be felt with light pressure but indistinct upon heavy pressure. It indicates loss of yin blood or dampness.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#912伏脈A pulse that is difficult to feel and requires heavy pressure down to the bone. It indicates severe stagnation of pathogenic factors.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#913促脈A pulse that arrives as urgent and forceful but irregularly interrupted. It indicates excess heat, stagnation of qi, blood, phlegm-fluid retention or swelling/pain.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#914結脈A pulse that arrives unhurriedly and stops at irregular intervals. It indicates qi stagnation due to excess yin, blood stasis due to cold phlegm or deficiency of qi and blood.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#915代脈A pulse that arrives fast, and stops regularly for a relatively longer period of time. It indicates qi deficiency of the zang organs, fear or traumatic injuries.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#916疾脈;極脈A pulse that arrives swiftly and has a faster rate than a rapid pulse. It indicates acute febrile conditions, exhaustion of yin and impending exhaustion of Yuan-primordial qi.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#917反關脈A physiological variation of a normal pulse: the changes of the anatomic position of the radial artery shifts the pulse normally at the Cunkou region to the back of the wrist from the Chi position.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#918斜飛脈A physiological variation of a normal pulse: the changes of the anatomic position of the radial artery shifts the pulse normally at the Cunkou region to the dorsum of the hand from the Chi position.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#919趺陽脈A pulse located at the anterior tibial artery of the dorsum of the foot. It is also known as surging yang (Chongyang) pulse. It is used to indicate the sufficiency of the qi and blood of spleen and stomach.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#920鉤脈A pulse that feels firm, surging and large. It comes powerfully and fades away slowly. It is normal in summer.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#921離經脈A pulse with one beat or three beats in one breath. It is often seen in a pregnant woman about to give birth.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#922六陽脈One of the normal pulses: constitutional surging and large on Cun, Guan and Chi positions of both hands.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#923六陰脈One of the normal pulses: constitutional deep and thready on Cun, Guan and Chi positions of both hands.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#924平息Normal breathing frequency used in ancient times as a reference in measuring patients’breathing frequencies.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#925人迎脈The pulsation of the carotid artery, easily felt on both sides of the laryngeal prominence.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#926怪脈;真髒脈;敗脈;死脈;絕脈A pulse that has no root (stomach qi). Often occurs in later stage of critical conditions, indicating qi exhaustion of zang–fu organs and collapse of stomach qi.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#927月經脈A pulse (usually slippery) often seen in healthy menstruating women. It indicates harmony between qi and blood during the period.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#928妊娠脈A pulse characterized by slippery and rapid on the Chi positions, because the Chi position corresponds to the kidney and the uterus is associated with the kidney. A slippery, rapid pulse results from moving of fetal qi.
2https://www.nricm.edu.tw/twcm/CodeSystem/who-ictm-terminology    WGM2#929相兼脈Presence of two or more pulse conditions.

Explanation of the columns that may appear on this page:

Level A few code lists that FHIR defines are hierarchical - each code is assigned a level. In this scheme, some codes are under other codes, and imply that the code they are under also applies
System The source of the definition of the code (when the value set draws in codes defined elsewhere)
Code The code (used as the code in the resource instance)
Display The display (used in the display element of a Coding). If there is no display, implementers should not simply display the code, but map the concept into their application
Definition An explanation of the meaning of the concept
Comments Additional notes about how to use the code