See Comparison with other national and international IGs for a comparison between AU Core profiles and profiles in other implementation guides.

Usage scenarios

The following are supported usage scenarios for this profile:

• Query for observations of waist circumference associated with a patient
• Record or update an observation of waist circumference associated with a patient

Profile specific implementation guidance

• Observation.category provides an efficient way of supporting system interactions, e.g. restricting searches. Implementers need to understand that data categorisation is somewhat subjective. The categorisation applied by the source may not align with a receiver’s expectations.
• Observations MAY have additional codes that translate or map to the Observation code or category codes. For example:
  • providing a local code
  • providing a more specific codes such as 8306-3 - Body height - lying in addition to 8302-2 - Body height. Several additional observation codes are provided in the FHIR core specification vital signs table.
• Observations MAY have [component] observations to qualify the vital sign observation. For example, 8478-0 - Mean blood pressure, 8887-2 - Heart rate device type, 8326-1 - Type of body temperature device. Several of these are provided in the FHIR core specification vital signs table.

• Differential Table
• Key Elements Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

This structure is derived from observation-vitalsigns

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	observation-vitalsigns	Waist circumference au-core-obs-02: At least value or data absent reason shall be present
status	O	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
category	O	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for category				Content/Rules for all slices
category:VSCat	O	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
coding	O	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
system	O	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	O	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	O	1..1	CodeableConcept	Coded Responses from C-CDA Vital Sign Results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for coding		2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:code, value:system
coding:loincWaistCircumCode		1..1	Coding	LOINC Waist Circumference
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8280-0
coding:snomedWaistCircumCode		1..1	Coding	SNOMED CT Waist Circumference
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 276361009
subject	O	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
effective[x]	O	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
valueQuantity	OC	0..1	Quantity	Waist circumference Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value		1..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
unit		1..1	string	Unit representation
system		1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code		1..1	code	Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set. Binding: BodyLengthUnits (required) Additional Bindings Purpose Metric Body Length Units candidate
dataAbsentReason	OC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
bodySite	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: Body Site (preferred) au-core-obs-04: If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT
component	O	0..*	BackboneElement	Used when reporting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	O	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value[x]	O	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
dataAbsentReason	O	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.valueQuantity.code	required	BodyLengthUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	preferred	BodySite https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/body-site-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-02	error	Observation	At least value or data absent reason shall be present : dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()
au-core-obs-04	error	Observation.bodySite	If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT : coding.exists() implies coding.where(system='http://snomed.info/sct').exists()

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	observation-vitalsigns	Waist circumference obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present vs-2: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. au-core-obs-02: At least value or data absent reason shall be present
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
category:VSCat	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
coding	SOΣ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
system	SOΣ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	SOΣ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: vital-signs Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Coded Responses from C-CDA Vital Sign Results Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:code, value:system
coding:loincWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	LOINC Waist Circumference
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8280-0
coding:snomedWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	SNOMED CT Waist Circumference
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 276361009
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
effective[x]	SOΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed vs-1: if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Vital Signs value are recorded using the Quantity data type. For supporting observations such as Cuff size could use other datatypes such as CodeableConcept. Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	SOΣC	0..1	Quantity	Waist circumference Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value	Σ	1..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set. Binding: BodyLengthUnits (required) Additional Bindings Purpose Metric Body Length Units candidate
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
bodySite	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: Body Site (preferred) au-core-obs-04: If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT
component	SOΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Used when reporting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. vs-3: If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:VSCat	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.code	required	BodyLengthUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	preferred	BodySite https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/body-site-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.value[x]	extensible	VitalSignsUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-vitals-common|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-02	error	Observation	At least value or data absent reason shall be present : dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()
au-core-obs-04	error	Observation.bodySite	If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT : coding.exists() implies coding.where(system='http://snomed.info/sct').exists()
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vs-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
vs-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
vs-3	error	Observation.component	If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	observation-vitalsigns	Waist circumference obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present vs-2: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. au-core-obs-02: At least value or data absent reason shall be present
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
category:VSCat	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	SOΣ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	SOΣ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	SOΣ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: vital-signs Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Coded Responses from C-CDA Vital Sign Results Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:code, value:system
coding:loincWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	LOINC Waist Circumference
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8280-0
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
coding:snomedWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	SNOMED CT Waist Circumference
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 276361009
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SOΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed vs-1: if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | Patient | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
Slices for value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Vital Signs value are recorded using the Quantity data type. For supporting observations such as Cuff size could use other datatypes such as CodeableConcept. Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	SOΣC	0..1	Quantity	Waist circumference Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
value	Σ	1..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set. Binding: BodyLengthUnits (required) Additional Bindings Purpose Metric Body Length Units candidate
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: Body Site (preferred) au-core-obs-04: If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence | Vital Signs Profile)	Used when reporting vital signs panel components
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence | Vital Signs Profile)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SOΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Used when reporting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. vs-3: If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:VSCat	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.code	required	BodyLengthUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	preferred	BodySite https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/body-site-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.value[x]	extensible	VitalSignsUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-vitals-common|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-02	error	Observation	At least value or data absent reason shall be present : dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()
au-core-obs-04	error	Observation.bodySite	If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT : coding.exists() implies coding.where(system='http://snomed.info/sct').exists()
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vs-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
vs-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
vs-3	error	Observation.component	If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()

Differential View

This structure is derived from observation-vitalsigns

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	observation-vitalsigns	Waist circumference au-core-obs-02: At least value or data absent reason shall be present
status	O	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
category	O	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for category				Content/Rules for all slices
category:VSCat	O	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
coding	O	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
system	O	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	O	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	O	1..1	CodeableConcept	Coded Responses from C-CDA Vital Sign Results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for coding		2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:code, value:system
coding:loincWaistCircumCode		1..1	Coding	LOINC Waist Circumference
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8280-0
coding:snomedWaistCircumCode		1..1	Coding	SNOMED CT Waist Circumference
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 276361009
subject	O	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
effective[x]	O	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
valueQuantity	OC	0..1	Quantity	Waist circumference Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value		1..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
unit		1..1	string	Unit representation
system		1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code		1..1	code	Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set. Binding: BodyLengthUnits (required) Additional Bindings Purpose Metric Body Length Units candidate
dataAbsentReason	OC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
bodySite	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: Body Site (preferred) au-core-obs-04: If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT
component	O	0..*	BackboneElement	Used when reporting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	O	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value[x]	O	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
dataAbsentReason	O	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.valueQuantity.code	required	BodyLengthUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	preferred	BodySite https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/body-site-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-02	error	Observation	At least value or data absent reason shall be present : dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()
au-core-obs-04	error	Observation.bodySite	If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT : coding.exists() implies coding.where(system='http://snomed.info/sct').exists()

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	observation-vitalsigns	Waist circumference obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present vs-2: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. au-core-obs-02: At least value or data absent reason shall be present
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
category:VSCat	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
coding	SOΣ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
system	SOΣ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	SOΣ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: vital-signs Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Coded Responses from C-CDA Vital Sign Results Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:code, value:system
coding:loincWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	LOINC Waist Circumference
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8280-0
coding:snomedWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	SNOMED CT Waist Circumference
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 276361009
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
effective[x]	SOΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed vs-1: if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Vital Signs value are recorded using the Quantity data type. For supporting observations such as Cuff size could use other datatypes such as CodeableConcept. Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	SOΣC	0..1	Quantity	Waist circumference Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value	Σ	1..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set. Binding: BodyLengthUnits (required) Additional Bindings Purpose Metric Body Length Units candidate
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
bodySite	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: Body Site (preferred) au-core-obs-04: If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT
component	SOΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Used when reporting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. vs-3: If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:VSCat	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.code	required	BodyLengthUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	preferred	BodySite https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/body-site-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.value[x]	extensible	VitalSignsUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-vitals-common|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-02	error	Observation	At least value or data absent reason shall be present : dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()
au-core-obs-04	error	Observation.bodySite	If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT : coding.exists() implies coding.where(system='http://snomed.info/sct').exists()
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vs-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
vs-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
vs-3	error	Observation.component	If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	observation-vitalsigns	Waist circumference obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present vs-2: If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. au-core-obs-02: At least value or data absent reason shall be present
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
category:VSCat	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	SOΣ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	SOΣ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	SOΣ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: vital-signs Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Coded Responses from C-CDA Vital Sign Results Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
Slices for coding	Σ	2..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:code, value:system
coding:loincWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	LOINC Waist Circumference
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 8280-0
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
coding:snomedWaistCircumCode	Σ	1..1	Coding	SNOMED CT Waist Circumference
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://snomed.info/sct
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: 276361009
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(AU Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SOΣC	1..1	dateTime	Date, and optionally time, the observation was performed vs-1: if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | Patient | RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation
Slices for value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Vital Signs value are recorded using the Quantity data type. For supporting observations such as Cuff size could use other datatypes such as CodeableConcept. Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	SOΣC	0..1	Quantity	Waist circumference Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
value	Σ	1..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	1..1	string	Unit representation
system	ΣC	1..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Coded responses from the common UCUM units for vital signs value set. Binding: BodyLengthUnits (required) Additional Bindings Purpose Metric Body Length Units candidate
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: Body Site (preferred) au-core-obs-04: If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence | Vital Signs Profile)	Used when reporting vital signs panel components
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence | Vital Signs Profile)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SOΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Used when reporting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. vs-3: If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SOΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: VitalSigns (extensible): This identifies the vital sign result type. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SOC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known AU Core Responder SHALL:no-error AU Core Requester
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:VSCat	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.comparator	required	QuantityComparator http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/quantity-comparator|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.code	required	BodyLengthUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-bodylength from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	preferred	BodySite https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/body-site-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	extensible	VitalSigns http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-vitalsignresult from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.value[x]	extensible	VitalSignsUnits http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/ucum-vitals-common|4.0.1 from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
au-core-obs-02	error	Observation	At least value or data absent reason shall be present : dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists()
au-core-obs-04	error	Observation.bodySite	If a coded body site is provided, at least one code shall be from SNOMED CT : coding.exists() implies coding.where(system='http://snomed.info/sct').exists()
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources : contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource : contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated : contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label : contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management : text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children : hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both : extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text : low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present : dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present : value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vs-1	error	Observation.effective[x]	if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day : $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
vs-2	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
vs-3	error	Observation.component	If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()