XpanDH Patient Summary
0.1.0 - ci-build 150

XpanDH Patient Summary, published by XpanDH Project. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/hl7-eu/xpandh-ps/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: PatientPsXpandh - Detailed Descriptions

Draft as of 2024-12-12

Definitions for the Patient-ps-xpandh resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
Impose ProfileThis profile also requires that the instance also conform this additional profile:
2. Patient.identifier
ShortPatient identifiers
NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
4. Patient.name
Control1..?
TypeHumanName(HumanName (Eu))
Requirements

Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. The Alphabetic representation of the name SHALL be always provided

Invariantseu-pat-1: given, family, text or a data-absent-reason extension SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
6. Patient.name.text
Definition

Text representation of the full name. Due to the cultural variance around the world a consuming system may not know how to present the name correctly; moreover not all the parts of the name go in given or family. Creators are therefore strongly encouraged to provide through this element a presented version of the name. Future versions of this guide may require this element

ShortText representation of the full name.
8. Patient.name.family
Definition

Family name. When more the family is composed by more than one names, this element documents the full composed family name with the proper * name.familyrder. The parts are recorded in the fhater and mother family names extensions.

ShortFamily name
Example<br/><b>spanish</b>:Valero Iglesias
10. Patient.name.given
ShortGiven names. Includes middle names
12. Patient.telecom
ShortA contact detail for the patient
14. Patient.gender
ShortAdministrative Gender
16. Patient.birthDate
Control1..?
LOINC Code
18. Patient.address
TypeAddress(Address (EU))
20. Patient.address.country
22. Patient.address.country.extension:countryCode
Slice NamecountryCode
24. Patient.address.country.extension:countryCode.value[x]
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Country
(required to http://terminology.ehdsi.eu/ValueSet/eHDSICountry)
[x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
26. Patient.contact
28. Patient.contact.relationship
ShortRelationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient
TypeCodeableConcept(Codeable Concept (IPS))
30. Patient.contact.address
TypeAddress(Address (EU))
32. Patient.generalPractitioner
ShortPatient's nominated care provider

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
Definition

Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Impose ProfileThis profile also requires that the instance also conform this additional profile:
Summaryfalse
Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
2. Patient.implicitRules
Definition

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
Comments

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

Control0..1
Typeuri
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
4. Patient.modifierExtension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
Summaryfalse
Requirements

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
6. Patient.identifier
Definition

An identifier for this patient.

ShortPatient identifiersAn identifier for this patient
NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control0..*
TypeIdentifier
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
Requirements

Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
8. Patient.active
Definition

Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
Comments

If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

Control0..1
Typeboolean
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
10. Patient.name
Definition

A human's name with the ability to identify parts and usage.


A name associated with the individual.

ShortName of a human - parts and usageA name associated with the patient
Comments

Names may be changed, or repudiated, or people may have different names in different contexts. Names may be divided into parts of different type that have variable significance depending on context, though the division into parts does not always matter. With personal names, the different parts might or might not be imbued with some implicit meaning; various cultures associate different importance with the name parts and the degree to which systems must care about name parts around the world varies widely.


A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

Control10..*
This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
TypeHumanName(HumanName (Eu))
Is Modifierfalse
Requirements

Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. The Alphabetic representation of the name SHALL be always provided


Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
eu-pat-1: given, family, text or a data-absent-reason extension SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
12. Patient.name.use
Definition

Identifies the purpose for this name.

Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
Comments

Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

Control0..1
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1
(required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

The use of a human name.

Typecode
Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
14. Patient.name.text
Definition

Text representation of the full name. Due to the cultural variance around the world a consuming system may not know how to present the name correctly; moreover not all the parts of the name go in given or family. Creators are therefore strongly encouraged to provide through this element a presented version of the name. Future versions of this guide may require this element


Specifies the entire name as it should be displayed e.g. on an application UI. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

ShortText representation of the full name.
Comments

Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

Control0..1
Typestring
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

A renderable, unencoded form.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
16. Patient.name.family
Definition

Family name. When more the family is composed by more than one names, this element documents the full composed family name with the proper * name.familyrder. The parts are recorded in the fhater and mother family names extensions.


The part of a name that links to the genealogy. In some cultures (e.g. Eritrea) the family name of a son is the first name of his father.

ShortFamily nameFamily name (often called 'Surname')
Comments

Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

Control0..1
Typestring
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Alternate Namessurname
Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Valero Iglesias <br/><b>spanish</b>:Valero Iglesias
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
18. Patient.name.family.extension:fathersFamily
Slice NamefathersFamily
Definition

The portion of the family name that is derived from the person's father.

ShortPortion of family name derived from father
Control0..*
This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
TypeExtension(Fathers Family) (Extension Type: string)
Is Modifierfalse
Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Valero
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
20. Patient.name.family.extension:mothersFamily
Slice NamemothersFamily
Definition

The portion of the family name that is derived from the person's mother.

ShortPortion of family name derived from mother
Control0..*
This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
TypeExtension(Mothers Family) (Extension Type: string)
Is Modifierfalse
Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Iglesias
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
22. Patient.name.given
Definition

Given name.

ShortGiven names. Includes middle namesGiven names (not always 'first'). Includes middle names
Comments

If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

Control0..*
Typestring
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Borja
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
24. Patient.telecom
Definition

A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

ShortA contact detail for the patientA contact detail for the individual
Comments

A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

Control0..*
TypeContactPoint
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
Requirements

People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
26. Patient.gender
Definition

Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

ShortAdministrative Gendermale | female | other | unknown
Comments

The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

Control0..1
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGenderhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1
(required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

Typecode
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
28. Patient.birthDate
Definition

The date of birth for the individual.

ShortThe date of birth for the individual
Comments

At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

Control10..1
Typedate
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
LOINC Code21112-8
30. Patient.deceased[x]
Definition

Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
Comments

If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

Control0..1
TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
[x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
32. Patient.address
Definition

An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.


An address for the individual.

ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)An address for the individual
Comments

Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).


Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

Control0..*
This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
TypeAddress(Address (EU))
Is Modifierfalse
Requirements

May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
34. Patient.address.use
Definition

The purpose of this address.

Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
Comments

Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

Control0..1
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1
(required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

The use of an address.

Typecode
Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
36. Patient.generalPractitioner
Definition

Patient's nominated care provider.

ShortPatient's nominated care providerPatient's nominated primary care provider
Comments

This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

Control0..*
TypeReference(Organization, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate NamescareProvider
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
38. Patient.link
Definition

Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
Comments

There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

Control0..*
TypeBackboneElement
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
Summarytrue
Requirements

There are multiple use cases:

  • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
  • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
40. Patient.link.modifierExtension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summarytrue
Requirements

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
42. Patient.link.other
Definition

The other patient resource that the link refers to.

ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
Comments

Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

Control1..1
TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
44. Patient.link.type
Definition

The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
Control1..1
BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1
(required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

Typecode
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
Definition

Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Impose ProfileThis profile also requires that the instance also conform this additional profile:
Summaryfalse
Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
2. Patient.id
Definition

The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

ShortLogical id of this artifact
Comments

The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

Control0..1
Typeid
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
4. Patient.meta
Definition

The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

ShortMetadata about the resource
Control0..1
TypeMeta
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
6. Patient.implicitRules
Definition

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
Comments

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

Control0..1
Typeuri
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
8. Patient.language
Definition

The base language in which the resource is written.

ShortLanguage of the resource content
Comments

Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

Control0..1
BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
(preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

A human language.

Additional BindingsPurpose
AllLanguagesMax Binding
Typecode
Is Modifierfalse
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summaryfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
10. Patient.text
Definition

A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
Comments

Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

Control0..1
TypeNarrative
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
12. Patient.contained
Definition

These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

ShortContained, inline Resources
Comments

This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

Control0..*
TypeResource
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
14. Patient.extension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
16. Patient.modifierExtension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
Summaryfalse
Requirements

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
18. Patient.identifier
Definition

An identifier for this patient.

ShortPatient identifiers
NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control0..*
TypeIdentifier
Is Modifierfalse
Summarytrue
Requirements

Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
20. Patient.active
Definition

Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
Comments

If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

Control0..1
Typeboolean
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Requirements

Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
22. Patient.name
Definition

A human's name with the ability to identify parts and usage.

ShortName of a human - parts and usage
Comments

Names may be changed, or repudiated, or people may have different names in different contexts. Names may be divided into parts of different type that have variable significance depending on context, though the division into parts does not always matter. With personal names, the different parts might or might not be imbued with some implicit meaning; various cultures associate different importance with the name parts and the degree to which systems must care about name parts around the world varies widely.

Control1..*
This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
TypeHumanName(HumanName (Eu))
Is Modifierfalse
Requirements

Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. The Alphabetic representation of the name SHALL be always provided

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
eu-pat-1: given, family, text or a data-absent-reason extension SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
24. Patient.name.id
Definition

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
Control0..1
Typestring
Is Modifierfalse
XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summaryfalse
26. Patient.name.extension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 28. Patient.name.use
    Definition

    Identifies the purpose for this name.

    Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
    Comments

    Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

    Control0..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUse
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

    The use of a human name.

    Typecode
    Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    30. Patient.name.text
    Definition

    Text representation of the full name. Due to the cultural variance around the world a consuming system may not know how to present the name correctly; moreover not all the parts of the name go in given or family. Creators are therefore strongly encouraged to provide through this element a presented version of the name. Future versions of this guide may require this element

    ShortText representation of the full name.
    Comments

    Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

    Control0..1
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    A renderable, unencoded form.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    32. Patient.name.family
    Definition

    Family name. When more the family is composed by more than one names, this element documents the full composed family name with the proper * name.familyrder. The parts are recorded in the fhater and mother family names extensions.

    ShortFamily name
    Comments

    Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

    Control0..1
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Alternate Namessurname
    Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Valero Iglesias <br/><b>spanish</b>:Valero Iglesias
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    34. Patient.name.family.id
    Definition

    unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

    Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
    Control0..1
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
    Summaryfalse
    36. Patient.name.family.extension
    Definition

    An Extension

    ShortExtension
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.family.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 38. Patient.name.family.extension:fathersFamily
      Slice NamefathersFamily
      Definition

      The portion of the family name that is derived from the person's father.

      ShortPortion of family name derived from father
      Control0..*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeExtension(Fathers Family) (Extension Type: string)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Valero
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      40. Patient.name.family.extension:mothersFamily
      Slice NamemothersFamily
      Definition

      The portion of the family name that is derived from the person's mother.

      ShortPortion of family name derived from mother
      Control0..*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeExtension(Mothers Family) (Extension Type: string)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Iglesias
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      42. Patient.name.family.value
      Definition

      The actual value

      ShortPrimitive value for string
      Control0..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
      Summaryfalse
      Max Length:1048576
      44. Patient.name.given
      Definition

      Given name.

      ShortGiven names. Includes middle names
      Comments

      If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

      Control0..*
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
      Example<br/><b>spanish name</b>:Borja
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      46. Patient.name.prefix
      Definition

      Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the start of the name.

      ShortParts that come before the name
      Control0..*
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      48. Patient.name.suffix
      Definition

      Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the end of the name.

      ShortParts that come after the name
      Control0..*
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      50. Patient.name.period
      Definition

      Indicates the period of time when this name was valid for the named person.

      ShortTime period when name was/is in use
      Control0..1
      TypePeriod
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows names to be placed in historical context.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      52. Patient.telecom
      Definition

      A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

      ShortA contact detail for the patient
      Comments

      A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

      Control0..*
      TypeContactPoint
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      54. Patient.gender
      Definition

      Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

      ShortAdministrative Gender
      Comments

      The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

      The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      56. Patient.birthDate
      Definition

      The date of birth for the individual.

      ShortThe date of birth for the individual
      Comments

      At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

      Control1..1
      Typedate
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      LOINC Code21112-8
      58. Patient.deceased[x]
      Definition

      Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

      ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
      Comments

      If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

      Control0..1
      TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      60. Patient.address
      Definition

      An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.

      ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)
      Comments

      Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

      Control0..*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeAddress(Address (EU))
      Is Modifierfalse
      Requirements

      May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      62. Patient.address.id
      Definition

      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
      Control0..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
      Summaryfalse
      64. Patient.address.extension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 66. Patient.address.use
        Definition

        The purpose of this address.

        Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
        Comments

        Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

        Control0..1
        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUse
        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

        The use of an address.

        Typecode
        Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

        Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        68. Patient.address.type
        Definition

        Distinguishes between physical addresses (those you can visit) and mailing addresses (e.g. PO Boxes and care-of addresses). Most addresses are both.

        Shortpostal | physical | both
        Comments

        The definition of Address states that "address is intended to describe postal addresses, not physical locations". However, many applications track whether an address has a dual purpose of being a location that can be visited as well as being a valid delivery destination, and Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

        Control0..1
        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressType
        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-type|4.0.1)

        The type of an address (physical / postal).

        Typecode
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summarytrue
        Example<br/><b>General</b>:both
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        70. Patient.address.text
        Definition

        Specifies the entire address as it should be displayed e.g. on a postal label. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

        ShortText representation of the address
        Comments

        Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating an address SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        A renderable, unencoded form.

        Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street, Erewhon 9132
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        72. Patient.address.line
        Definition

        This component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information.

        ShortStreet name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc.
        Control0..*
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summarytrue
        Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        74. Patient.address.line.id
        Definition

        unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

        Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
        Summaryfalse
        76. Patient.address.line.extension
        Definition

        An Extension

        ShortExtension
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.line.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 78. Patient.address.line.extension:streetName
          Slice NamestreetName
          Definition

          streetName.

          ShortstreetName
          Control0..*
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          TypeExtension(ADXP Street Name) (Extension Type: string)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          80. Patient.address.line.extension:houseNumber
          Slice NamehouseNumber
          Definition

          The number of a building, house or lot alongside the street. Also known as "primary street number". This does not number the street but rather the building.

          ShorthouseNumber
          Control0..*
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          TypeExtension(ADXP House Number) (Extension Type: string)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          82. Patient.address.line.extension:postBox
          Slice NamepostBox
          Definition

          A numbered box located in a post station.

          ShortpostBox
          Control0..*
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          TypeExtension(ADXP Post Box) (Extension Type: string)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          84. Patient.address.line.value
          Definition

          The actual value

          ShortPrimitive value for string
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          Max Length:1048576
          86. Patient.address.city
          Definition

          The name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center.

          ShortName of city, town etc.
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate NamesMunicpality
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:Erewhon
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          88. Patient.address.district
          Definition

          The name of the administrative area (county).

          ShortDistrict name (aka county)
          Comments

          District is sometimes known as county, but in some regions 'county' is used in place of city (municipality), so county name should be conveyed in city instead.

          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate NamesCounty
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:Madison
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          90. Patient.address.state
          Definition

          Sub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes).

          ShortSub-unit of country (abbreviations ok)
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate NamesProvince, Territory
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          92. Patient.address.postalCode
          Definition

          A postal code designating a region defined by the postal service.

          ShortPostal code for area
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate NamesZip
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:9132
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          94. Patient.address.country
          Definition

          Country - a nation as commonly understood or generally accepted.

          ShortCountry (e.g. can be ISO 3166 2 or 3 letter code)
          Comments

          ISO 3166 3 letter codes can be used in place of a human readable country name.

          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          96. Patient.address.country.id
          Definition

          unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

          Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          98. Patient.address.country.extension
          Definition

          An Extension

          ShortExtension
          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.country.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ url
          • 100. Patient.address.country.extension:countryCode
            Slice NamecountryCode
            Definition

            Provides a coded expression for the content represented in a string.

            Shortcode for string
            Control0..1
            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
            TypeExtension(SC-coding) (Extension Type: Coding)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            102. Patient.address.country.extension:countryCode.id
            Definition

            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
            Summaryfalse
            104. Patient.address.country.extension:countryCode.extension
            Definition

            An Extension

            ShortExtension
            Control0..0
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.country.extension.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ url
            • 106. Patient.address.country.extension:countryCode.url
              Definition

              Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

              Shortidentifies the meaning of the extension
              Comments

              The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

              Control1..1
              Typeuri
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              Fixed Valuehttp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding
              108. Patient.address.country.extension:countryCode.value[x]
              Definition

              Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

              ShortValue of extension
              Control1..1
              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from Country
              (required to http://terminology.ehdsi.eu/ValueSet/eHDSICountry)
              TypeCoding
              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              110. Patient.address.country.value
              Definition

              The actual value

              ShortPrimitive value for string
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              Max Length:1048576
              112. Patient.address.period
              Definition

              Time period when address was/is in use.

              ShortTime period when address was/is in use
              Control0..1
              TypePeriod
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Allows addresses to be placed in historical context.

              Example<br/><b>General</b>:{ "start" : "2010-03-23", "end" : "2010-07-01" }
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              114. Patient.maritalStatus
              Definition

              This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

              ShortMarital (civil) status of a patient
              Control0..1
              BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Marital Status Codes
              (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/marital-status)

              The domestic partnership status of a person.

              TypeCodeableConcept
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Most, if not all systems capture it.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              116. Patient.multipleBirth[x]
              Definition

              Indicates whether the patient is part of a multiple (boolean) or indicates the actual birth order (integer).

              ShortWhether patient is part of a multiple birth
              Comments

              Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated).

              Control0..1
              TypeChoice of: boolean, integer
              [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              118. Patient.photo
              Definition

              Image of the patient.

              ShortImage of the patient
              Comments

              Guidelines:

              • Use id photos, not clinical photos.
              • Limit dimensions to thumbnail.
              • Keep byte count low to ease resource updates.
              Control0..*
              TypeAttachment
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              120. Patient.contact
              Definition

              A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

              ShortA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
              Comments

              Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

              Control0..*
              TypeBackboneElement
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
              122. Patient.contact.id
              Definition

              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              124. Patient.contact.extension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              126. Patient.contact.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              128. Patient.contact.relationship
              Definition

              A concept that may be defined by a formal reference to a terminology or ontology or may be provided by text.

              ShortRelationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient
              Comments

              Not all terminology uses fit this general pattern. In some cases, models should not use CodeableConcept and use Coding directly and provide their own structure for managing text, codings, translations and the relationship between elements and pre- and post-coordination.

              Control0..*
              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
              BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
              (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

              The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

              TypeCodeableConcept(Codeable Concept (IPS))
              Is Modifierfalse
              Requirements

              Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              130. Patient.contact.name
              Definition

              A name associated with the contact person.

              ShortA name associated with the contact person
              Control0..1
              TypeHumanName
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              132. Patient.contact.telecom
              Definition

              A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

              ShortA contact detail for the person
              Comments

              Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

              Control0..*
              TypeContactPoint
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              134. Patient.contact.address
              Definition

              An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.

              ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)
              Comments

              Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

              Control0..1
              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
              TypeAddress(Address (EU))
              Is Modifierfalse
              Requirements

              Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              136. Patient.contact.gender
              Definition

              Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

              Shortmale | female | other | unknown
              Control0..1
              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
              (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

              The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

              Typecode
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Needed to address the person correctly.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              138. Patient.contact.organization
              Definition

              Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

              ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
              Control0..1
              This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
              TypeReference(Organization)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              140. Patient.contact.period
              Definition

              The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

              ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
              Control0..1
              TypePeriod
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              142. Patient.communication
              Definition

              A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

              ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
              Comments

              If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

              Control0..*
              TypeBackboneElement
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              144. Patient.communication.id
              Definition

              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              146. Patient.communication.extension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              148. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              150. Patient.communication.language
              Definition

              The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

              ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
              Comments

              The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

              Control1..1
              BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
              (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

              A human language.

              Additional BindingsPurpose
              AllLanguagesMax Binding
              TypeCodeableConcept
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              152. Patient.communication.preferred
              Definition

              Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

              ShortLanguage preference indicator
              Comments

              This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

              Control0..1
              Typeboolean
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              154. Patient.generalPractitioner
              Definition

              Patient's nominated care provider.

              ShortPatient's nominated care provider
              Comments

              This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

              Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

              Control0..*
              TypeReference(Organization, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate NamescareProvider
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              156. Patient.managingOrganization
              Definition

              Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

              ShortOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record
              Comments

              There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association).

              Control0..1
              TypeReference(Organization)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              158. Patient.link
              Definition

              Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

              ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
              Comments

              There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

              Control0..*
              TypeBackboneElement
              Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              There are multiple use cases:

              • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
              • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              160. Patient.link.id
              Definition

              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              162. Patient.link.extension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              164. Patient.link.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              166. Patient.link.other
              Definition

              The other patient resource that the link refers to.

              ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
              Comments

              Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

              Control1..1
              TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              168. Patient.link.type
              Definition

              The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

              Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
              Control1..1
              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkType
              (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

              The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

              Typecode
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))