XpanDH Project Medication (e)Prescription and (e)Dispensation
0.1.0 - ci-build 150

XpanDH Project Medication (e)Prescription and (e)Dispensation, published by XpanDH Project. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/hl7-eu/xpandh-mpd/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: Medication: XpanDH

Official URL: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh-mpd/StructureDefinition/Medication-ep-eu-xpandh Version: 0.1.0
Draft as of 2025-10-10 Computable Name: MedicationEpXpandh

This profile defines how to represent MedicationRequest in FHIR for the purpose of the XpanDH project eP/eD POC.

This profile constrains the Medication resource for the purpose of the eP/eD proof of concept.

Usages:

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Medication 0..* MedicationIPS Definition of a Medication
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... contained 0..* MedicationKnowledge Contained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 0..* Extension Extension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... extension:MedicationDefinitionR5 0..* Reference(MedicationKnowledge) Optional Extensions Element
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Medication.definition
... code S 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS Any kind of product code (including ATC)
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient (preferred)
Additional BindingsPurpose
Medications - SNOMED CT IPS Free Set candidate
WHO ATC - IPS candidate
Absent or Unknown Medication - IPS candidate
... status ?!Σ 0..1 code active | inactive | entered-in-error
Binding: Medication Status Codes (required): A coded concept defining if the medication is in active use.
... form S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm (required)
... ingredient S 0..* BackboneElement Active or inactive ingredient
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... Slices for item[x] S 1..1 The actual ingredient or content
Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
Binding: Medicine Active Substances - IPS (preferred): SNOMED CT drug substances
..... itemCodeableConcept CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS)
..... itemReference Reference(Substance | Medication)
..... item[x]:itemCodeableConcept S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS The actual ingredient or content
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance (preferred)
..... item[x]:itemReference S 0..1 Reference(Medication: XpanDH) The actual ingredient or content
.... isActive 0..1 boolean Usually true
.... strength SC 0..1 RatioIPS A kind of strength
Constraints: rat-1

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Medication.code Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient Not Stated Unknown
Medication.status Base required Medication status codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Medication.form Base required http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm Not Stated Unknown
Medication.ingredient.​item[x] Base preferred Medicine Active Substances - IPS 📦1.1.0 International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v1.1
Medication.ingredient.​item[x]:itemCodeableConcept Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance Not Stated Unknown

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Medication A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
rat-1 error Medication.ingredient.strength Numerator and denominator SHALL both be present, or both are absent. If both are absent, there SHALL be some extension present (numerator.empty() xor denominator.exists()) and (numerator.exists() or extension.exists())

This structure is derived from MedicationIPS

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Medication 0..* MedicationIPS Definition of a Medication
... contained 0..* MedicationKnowledge Contained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 0..* Extension Extension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... extension:MedicationDefinitionR5 0..* Reference(MedicationKnowledge) Optional Extensions Element
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Medication.definition
... code 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS Any kind of product code (including ATC)
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient (preferred)
... ingredient
.... Slices for item[x] 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS, Reference(Substance | Medication) The actual ingredient or content
Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
..... item[x]:itemCodeableConcept 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS The actual ingredient or content
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance (preferred)
..... item[x]:itemReference 0..1 Reference(Medication: XpanDH) The actual ingredient or content
.... isActive 0..1 boolean Usually true
.... strength 0..1 RatioIPS A kind of strength

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Medication.code Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient Not Stated Unknown
Medication.form Base required http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm Not Stated Unknown
Medication.ingredient.​item[x]:itemCodeableConcept Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance Not Stated Unknown
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Medication 0..* MedicationIPS Definition of a Medication
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta Σ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* MedicationKnowledge Contained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 0..* Extension Extension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... extension:MedicationDefinitionR5 0..* Reference(MedicationKnowledge) Optional Extensions Element
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Medication.definition
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Business identifier for this medication
... code S 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS Any kind of product code (including ATC)
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient (preferred)
Additional BindingsPurpose
Medications - SNOMED CT IPS Free Set candidate
WHO ATC - IPS candidate
Absent or Unknown Medication - IPS candidate
... status ?!Σ 0..1 code active | inactive | entered-in-error
Binding: Medication Status Codes (required): A coded concept defining if the medication is in active use.
... manufacturer Σ 0..1 Reference(Organization) Manufacturer of the item
... form S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm (required)
... amount Σ 0..1 Ratio Amount of drug in package
... ingredient S 0..* BackboneElement Active or inactive ingredient
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... Slices for item[x] S 1..1 The actual ingredient or content
Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
Binding: Medicine Active Substances - IPS (preferred): SNOMED CT drug substances
..... itemCodeableConcept CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS)
..... itemReference Reference(Substance | Medication)
..... item[x]:itemCodeableConcept S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS The actual ingredient or content
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance (preferred)
..... item[x]:itemReference S 0..1 Reference(Medication: XpanDH) The actual ingredient or content
.... isActive 0..1 boolean Usually true
.... strength SC 0..1 RatioIPS A kind of strength
Constraints: rat-1
... batch 0..1 BackboneElement Details about packaged medications
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... lotNumber 0..1 string Identifier assigned to batch
.... expirationDate 0..1 dateTime When batch will expire

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Medication.language Base preferred Common Languages 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Medication.code Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient Not Stated Unknown
Medication.status Base required Medication status codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Medication.form Base required http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm Not Stated Unknown
Medication.ingredient.​item[x] Base preferred Medicine Active Substances - IPS 📦1.1.0 International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v1.1
Medication.ingredient.​item[x]:itemCodeableConcept Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance Not Stated Unknown

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Medication A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
rat-1 error Medication.ingredient.strength Numerator and denominator SHALL both be present, or both are absent. If both are absent, there SHALL be some extension present (numerator.empty() xor denominator.exists()) and (numerator.exists() or extension.exists())

This structure is derived from MedicationIPS

Summary

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

Extensions

This structure refers to these extensions:

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

  • The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Medication.ingredient.item[x]

Key Elements View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Medication 0..* MedicationIPS Definition of a Medication
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... contained 0..* MedicationKnowledge Contained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 0..* Extension Extension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... extension:MedicationDefinitionR5 0..* Reference(MedicationKnowledge) Optional Extensions Element
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Medication.definition
... code S 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS Any kind of product code (including ATC)
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient (preferred)
Additional BindingsPurpose
Medications - SNOMED CT IPS Free Set candidate
WHO ATC - IPS candidate
Absent or Unknown Medication - IPS candidate
... status ?!Σ 0..1 code active | inactive | entered-in-error
Binding: Medication Status Codes (required): A coded concept defining if the medication is in active use.
... form S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm (required)
... ingredient S 0..* BackboneElement Active or inactive ingredient
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... Slices for item[x] S 1..1 The actual ingredient or content
Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
Binding: Medicine Active Substances - IPS (preferred): SNOMED CT drug substances
..... itemCodeableConcept CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS)
..... itemReference Reference(Substance | Medication)
..... item[x]:itemCodeableConcept S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS The actual ingredient or content
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance (preferred)
..... item[x]:itemReference S 0..1 Reference(Medication: XpanDH) The actual ingredient or content
.... isActive 0..1 boolean Usually true
.... strength SC 0..1 RatioIPS A kind of strength
Constraints: rat-1

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Medication.code Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient Not Stated Unknown
Medication.status Base required Medication status codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Medication.form Base required http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm Not Stated Unknown
Medication.ingredient.​item[x] Base preferred Medicine Active Substances - IPS 📦1.1.0 International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v1.1
Medication.ingredient.​item[x]:itemCodeableConcept Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance Not Stated Unknown

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Medication A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
rat-1 error Medication.ingredient.strength Numerator and denominator SHALL both be present, or both are absent. If both are absent, there SHALL be some extension present (numerator.empty() xor denominator.exists()) and (numerator.exists() or extension.exists())

Differential View

This structure is derived from MedicationIPS

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Medication 0..* MedicationIPS Definition of a Medication
... contained 0..* MedicationKnowledge Contained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 0..* Extension Extension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... extension:MedicationDefinitionR5 0..* Reference(MedicationKnowledge) Optional Extensions Element
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Medication.definition
... code 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS Any kind of product code (including ATC)
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient (preferred)
... ingredient
.... Slices for item[x] 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS, Reference(Substance | Medication) The actual ingredient or content
Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
..... item[x]:itemCodeableConcept 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS The actual ingredient or content
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance (preferred)
..... item[x]:itemReference 0..1 Reference(Medication: XpanDH) The actual ingredient or content
.... isActive 0..1 boolean Usually true
.... strength 0..1 RatioIPS A kind of strength

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Medication.code Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient Not Stated Unknown
Medication.form Base required http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm Not Stated Unknown
Medication.ingredient.​item[x]:itemCodeableConcept Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance Not Stated Unknown

Snapshot View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Medication 0..* MedicationIPS Definition of a Medication
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta Σ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* MedicationKnowledge Contained, inline Resources
... Slices for extension 0..* Extension Extension
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... extension:MedicationDefinitionR5 0..* Reference(MedicationKnowledge) Optional Extensions Element
URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/5.0/StructureDefinition/extension-Medication.definition
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Business identifier for this medication
... code S 1..1 CodeableConceptIPS Any kind of product code (including ATC)
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient (preferred)
Additional BindingsPurpose
Medications - SNOMED CT IPS Free Set candidate
WHO ATC - IPS candidate
Absent or Unknown Medication - IPS candidate
... status ?!Σ 0..1 code active | inactive | entered-in-error
Binding: Medication Status Codes (required): A coded concept defining if the medication is in active use.
... manufacturer Σ 0..1 Reference(Organization) Manufacturer of the item
... form S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS Concept - reference to a terminology or just text
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm (required)
... amount Σ 0..1 Ratio Amount of drug in package
... ingredient S 0..* BackboneElement Active or inactive ingredient
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... Slices for item[x] S 1..1 The actual ingredient or content
Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
Binding: Medicine Active Substances - IPS (preferred): SNOMED CT drug substances
..... itemCodeableConcept CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS)
..... itemReference Reference(Substance | Medication)
..... item[x]:itemCodeableConcept S 0..1 CodeableConceptIPS The actual ingredient or content
Binding: http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance (preferred)
..... item[x]:itemReference S 0..1 Reference(Medication: XpanDH) The actual ingredient or content
.... isActive 0..1 boolean Usually true
.... strength SC 0..1 RatioIPS A kind of strength
Constraints: rat-1
... batch 0..1 BackboneElement Details about packaged medications
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... lotNumber 0..1 string Identifier assigned to batch
.... expirationDate 0..1 dateTime When batch will expire

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Medication.language Base preferred Common Languages 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Medication.code Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIActiveIngredient Not Stated Unknown
Medication.status Base required Medication status codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Medication.form Base required http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSIDoseForm Not Stated Unknown
Medication.ingredient.​item[x] Base preferred Medicine Active Substances - IPS 📦1.1.0 International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v1.1
Medication.ingredient.​item[x]:itemCodeableConcept Base preferred http://hl7.eu/fhir/ig/xpandh/ValueSet/eHDSISubstance Not Stated Unknown

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Medication If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Medication If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Medication A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
rat-1 error Medication.ingredient.strength Numerator and denominator SHALL both be present, or both are absent. If both are absent, there SHALL be some extension present (numerator.empty() xor denominator.exists()) and (numerator.exists() or extension.exists())

This structure is derived from MedicationIPS

Summary

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

Extensions

This structure refers to these extensions:

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

  • The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Medication.ingredient.item[x]

 

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron