eCQM QICore Content Implementation Guide
2024.0.0 - CI Build

eCQM QICore Content Implementation Guide, published by cqframework. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 2024.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/cqframework/ecqm-content-qicore-2024/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Measure: HIV Annual Retention in CareFHIR

Percentage of patients, regardless of age, with a diagnosis of HIV who had at least two eligible encounters or at least one eligible encounter and one HIV viral load test that were at least 90 days apart within the measurement period

UNKNOWN

Official URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Measure/HIVRetentionFHIR Version: 0.1.000
Draft as of 2024-07-09 Responsible: Health Resources & Services Administration/a> Computable Name: HIVRetentionFHIR
Other Identifiers: Short Name (use: usual, ), UUID:03878bb8-1209-4f3f-91f6-52b655092251 (use: official, ), UUID:0d43cbbd-6020-43b4-bfb2-40d2b4529b97 (use: official, ), Publisher (use: official, )

Copyright/Legal: This measure was developed by the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department for Health and Human Services. It is in the public domain. Citation of HRSA as the source of the original measure is appreciated. Any modified versions may not be represented as approved, endorsed, or authorized by HRSA or HHS. 42 U.S.C. Section 1320b-10. Users of modified versions should clearly explain how they deviate from HRSA’s original measure. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2023 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2023 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2023 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 is copyright 2023 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].

Title: HIV Annual Retention in CareFHIR
Id: HIVRetentionFHIR
Version: 0.1.000
Url: HIV Annual Retention in CareFHIR
short-name identifier:

CMS1157FHIR

version-independent identifier:

urn:uuid:03878bb8-1209-4f3f-91f6-52b655092251

version-specific identifier:

urn:uuid:0d43cbbd-6020-43b4-bfb2-40d2b4529b97

publisher (CMS) identifier:

1157FHIR

Effective Period: 2025-01-01..2025-12-31
Status: draft
Publisher: Health Resources & Services Administration
Author: Health Resources & Services Administration
Description:

Percentage of patients, regardless of age, with a diagnosis of HIV who had at least two eligible encounters or at least one eligible encounter and one HIV viral load test that were at least 90 days apart within the measurement period

Purpose:

UNKNOWN

Copyright:

This measure was developed by the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department for Health and Human Services. It is in the public domain. Citation of HRSA as the source of the original measure is appreciated. Any modified versions may not be represented as approved, endorsed, or authorized by HRSA or HHS. 42 U.S.C. Section 1320b-10. Users of modified versions should clearly explain how they deviate from HRSA's original measure. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2023 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2023 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2023 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 is copyright 2023 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].

Disclaimer:

These performance measures are not clinical guidelines and do not establish a standard of medical care, and have not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURES AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].

Rationale:

The HIV "continuum of care" is the process of HIV testing, linkage to HIV care, initiation of ART, adherence to treatment, retention in care, and virologic suppression (Gardner et al 2011). Poor retention in care is associated with lower rates of ART use (Giordano et al 2003), delayed viral suppression (Crawford et al 2014), and increased risk of mortality (Giordano et al 2007; Mugavero et al 2009). This measure will help providers direct their attention and quality improvement efforts towards improving retention in care.

Clinical recommendation statement:

"Retention in care should be routinely monitored. There are various ways to measure retention, including measures based on attended visits over a defined period of time (constancy measures) and measures based on missed visits. Both approaches are valid and independently predict survival. Missed visits and a prolonged time since the last visit are relatively easy to measure and should trigger efforts to retain or re-engage a person in care. Constancy measures (e.g., at least two visits that are at least 90 days apart over 1 year or at least one visit every 6 months over the last 2 years) can be used as clinic quality assurance measures." (Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, p. L-4) "Poor retention in HIV care is associated with greater risk of death. Poor retention is more common in people who use substances, have serious mental health problems, have unmet socioeconomic needs (e.g., housing, food, transportation), lack financial resources or health insurance, have schedules that complicate adherence, have been recently incarcerated, or face stigma. At the provider and health system level, low trust in providers and a poor patient-provider relationship have been associated with lower retention, as has lower satisfaction with the clinic experience. Availability of appointments and timeliness of appointments (i.e., long delay from the request for an appointment to the appointment's date) and scheduling convenience are also factors." (Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, p. L-3) "Recommendation 2: Systematic monitoring of retention in HIV care is recommended for all patients (II A): Retention in care is associated with improved individual health outcomes, including HIV biomarker and clinical variables, and may reduce community-level viral burden, with implications for secondary prevention. Although monitoring retention is routinely recommended, specific details, such as retention measures to be used and desired visit frequency, vary among jurisdictions and programs and should be in harmony with national and international guidelines. Many retention measures (for example, visit adherence, gaps in care, and visits per interval of time) and data sources (for example, surveillance, medical records, and administrative databases) have been used and may be applied in accordance with local resources and standards of care. As with monitoring of linkage, integration of data sources may enhance monitoring of retention." (International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care panel, page 4)

Guidance (Usage): A patient would be included in the measure numerator if they have either two eligible encounters or one eligible encounter and one viral load test at least 90 days apart from each other. The encounter or encounters that cause a patient to be included in the numerator do not need to include the encounter that caused the patient to be included in the denominator. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This measure is to be submitted a minimum of once per measurement period for patients with a diagnosis of HIV during the first eight months of the measurement period. This FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS1157v1. Please refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core 4.1.1 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/qdm-to-qicore.html).
Population Criteria:
64f88520da013638e7b3d74c
Initial Population: All patients, regardless of age, with a diagnosis of HIV during the first 8 months of the measurement period or before the measurement period who had at least one eligible encounter during the first 8 months of the measurement period
Denominator: Equals Initial Population
Numerator: Number of patients who had at least two eligible encounters or at least one eligible encounter and one HIV viral load test at least 90 days apart within a 12-month measurement year
Supplemental Data Elements:

SDE Ethnicity

SDE Payer

SDE Race

SDE Sex

Supplemental Data Guidance : For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex; SDE Ethnicity-For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex SDE Payer SDE Race SDE Sex
Libraries:
HIVRetentionFHIR
Terminology and Other Dependencies:
  • Library/SupplementalDataElements|3.5.000
  • Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000
  • Library/QICoreCommon|2.1.000
  • AdministrativeGender
  • Condition Clinical Status Codes
  • Office Visit
  • Outpatient Consultation
  • Annual Wellness Visit
  • Face-to-Face Interaction
  • Home Healthcare Services
  • Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up
  • Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up
  • Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17
  • Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17
  • Telephone Visits
  • Preventive Care Services - Other
  • HIV
  • HIV Viral Load
  • Payer
  • Parameters:
    name use min max type
    Measurement Period In 0 1 Period
    SDE Sex Out 0 1 Coding
    Numerator Out 0 1 boolean
    Denominator Out 0 1 boolean
    SDE Payer Out 0 * Resource
    Initial Population Out 0 1 boolean
    SDE Ethnicity Out 0 1 Resource
    SDE Race Out 0 1 Resource
    DataRequirements:
    Resource Type Resource Elements Valueset Name Valueset
    Patient(QICorePatient) ethnicity race
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Office Visit Office Visit
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Outpatient Consultation Outpatient Consultation
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Annual Wellness Visit Annual Wellness Visit
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Face-to-Face Interaction Face-to-Face Interaction
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Home Healthcare Services Home Healthcare Services
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17 Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17 Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Telephone Visits Telephone Visits
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type period Preventive Care Services Other Preventive Care Services - Other
    Condition(QICoreCondition) code HIV HIV
    Observation(QICoreObservation) code effective HIV Viral Load HIV Viral Load
    Coverage(QICoreCoverage) type period Payer Type Payer
    Direct Reference Codes:
    display code system
    Male M http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender
    Female F http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender
    Active active http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical
    Recurrence recurrence http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical
    Relapse relapse http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/condition-clinical
    Logic Definitions:
    Group Scoring Population Criteria Expression
    64f88520da013638e7b3d74c Group scoring: proportion
    Type:

    Process

    Rate Aggregation: None
    Improvement Notation:

    increase

    Initial Population
    define "Initial Population":
      "Has Active HIV Diagnosis Starts On or Before First 240 Days of Measurement Period"
        and "Has Qualifying Encounter During First 240 Days of Measurement Period"
    Denominator
    define "Denominator":
      "Initial Population"
    Numerator
    define "Numerator":
      "Has One Encounter With HIV and One Viral Load Test At Least 90 Days Apart"
        or "Has Two Encounters With HIV At Least 90 Days Apart"
    Library Name Name
    SupplementalDataElements SDE Sex
    define "SDE Sex":
      case
        when Patient.gender = 'male' then "M"
        when Patient.gender = 'female' then "F"
        else null
      end
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR SDE Sex
    define "SDE Sex":
      SDE."SDE Sex"
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Encounter During Measurement Period With HIV
    define "Encounter During Measurement Period With HIV":
      ( ( ["Encounter": "Office Visit"]
          union ["Encounter": "Outpatient Consultation"]
          union ["Encounter": "Annual Wellness Visit"]
          union ["Encounter": "Face-to-Face Interaction"]
          union ["Encounter": "Home Healthcare Services"]
          union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
          union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
          union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
          union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
          union ["Encounter": "Telephone Visits"]
          union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Other"] ) ValidEncounter
          with ["Condition": "HIV"] HIVDiagnosis
            such that ValidEncounter.period during day of "Measurement Period"
              and HIVDiagnosis.prevalenceInterval ( ) starts on or before day of ValidEncounter.period
              and HIVDiagnosis.isActive ( )
      )
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Has One Encounter With HIV and One Viral Load Test At Least 90 Days Apart
    define "Has One Encounter With HIV and One Viral Load Test At Least 90 Days Apart":
      exists ( "Encounter During Measurement Period With HIV" ) EncounterWithHIV
        with ["Observation": "HIV Viral Load"] ViralLoadTest
          such that ViralLoadTest.effective.toInterval ( ) during day of "Measurement Period"
            and ( ( ViralLoadTest.effective.toInterval ( ) starts 90 days or more after day of end of EncounterWithHIV.period )
                or ( EncounterWithHIV.period starts 90 days or more after day of end of ViralLoadTest.effective.toInterval ( ) )
            )
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Has Two Encounters With HIV At Least 90 Days Apart
    define "Has Two Encounters With HIV At Least 90 Days Apart":
      exists "Encounter During Measurement Period With HIV" EncounterWithHIV
        with "Encounter During Measurement Period With HIV" AnotherEncounterWithHIV
          such that EncounterWithHIV !~ AnotherEncounterWithHIV
            and AnotherEncounterWithHIV.period starts 90 days or more after day of end of EncounterWithHIV.period
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Numerator
    define "Numerator":
      "Has One Encounter With HIV and One Viral Load Test At Least 90 Days Apart"
        or "Has Two Encounters With HIV At Least 90 Days Apart"
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Has Active HIV Diagnosis Starts On or Before First 240 Days of Measurement Period
    define "Has Active HIV Diagnosis Starts On or Before First 240 Days of Measurement Period":
      exists ( ["Condition": "HIV"] HIVDx
          where HIVDx.prevalenceInterval ( ) starts on or before day of ( start of "Measurement Period" + 240 days )
            and HIVDx.isActive ( )
      )
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Has Qualifying Encounter During First 240 Days of Measurement Period
    define "Has Qualifying Encounter During First 240 Days of Measurement Period":
      exists ( ["Encounter": "Office Visit"]
        union ["Encounter": "Outpatient Consultation"]
        union ["Encounter": "Annual Wellness Visit"]
        union ["Encounter": "Face-to-Face Interaction"]
        union ["Encounter": "Home Healthcare Services"]
        union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
        union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
        union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
        union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
        union ["Encounter": "Telephone Visits"]
        union ["Encounter": "Preventive Care Services Other"] ) QualifyingEncounter
        where QualifyingEncounter.period during day of Interval[start of "Measurement Period", start of "Measurement Period" + 240 days]
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Initial Population
    define "Initial Population":
      "Has Active HIV Diagnosis Starts On or Before First 240 Days of Measurement Period"
        and "Has Qualifying Encounter During First 240 Days of Measurement Period"
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR Denominator
    define "Denominator":
      "Initial Population"
    Library Name Name
    SupplementalDataElements SDE Payer
    define "SDE Payer":
      [Coverage: type in "Payer Type"] Payer
        return {
          code: Payer.type,
          period: Payer.period
        }
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR SDE Payer
    define "SDE Payer":
      SDE."SDE Payer"
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR SDE Ethnicity
    define "SDE Ethnicity":
      Patient.ethnicity E
        return Tuple {
          codes: { E.ombCategory }
            union E.detailed,
          display: E.text
        }
    Library Name Name
    HIVRetentionFHIR SDE Race
    define "SDE Race":
      Patient.race R
        return Tuple {
          codes: R.ombCategory
            union R.detailed,
          display: R.text
        }
    Library Name Name
    QICoreCommon isActive
    /* Candidates for FHIRCommon */
    
    /*
    @description: Returns true if the given condition has a clinical status of active, recurrence, or relapse
    */
    define fluent function isActive(condition Condition):
      condition.clinicalStatus ~ "active"
        or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "recurrence"
        or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "relapse"
    Library Name Name
    QICoreCommon prevalenceInterval
    /*
    @description: Returns an interval representing the normalized prevalence period of a given Condition.
    @comment: Uses the ToInterval and ToAbatementInterval functions to determine the widest potential interval from
    onset to abatement as specified in the given Condition. If the condition is active, or has an abatement date the resulting 
    interval will have a closed ending boundary. Otherwise, the resulting interval will have an open ending boundary.
    */
    define fluent function prevalenceInterval(condition Condition):
    if condition.clinicalStatus ~ "active"
      or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "recurrence"
      or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "relapse" then
      Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), end of condition.abatementInterval()]
    else
        (end of condition.abatementInterval()) abatementDate
        return if abatementDate is null then
          Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), abatementDate)
        else
          Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), abatementDate]
    Library Name Name
    FHIRHelpers ToString
    define function ToString(value uri): value.value
    Library Name Name
    FHIRHelpers ToCode
    /*
    @description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
    */
    define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
        if coding is null then
            null
        else
            System.Code {
              code: coding.code.value,
              system: coding.system.value,
              version: coding.version.value,
              display: coding.display.value
            }