eCQM QICore Content Implementation Guide
2024.0.0 - CI Build

eCQM QICore Content Implementation Guide, published by cqframework. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 2024.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/cqframework/ecqm-content-qicore-2024/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Measure: Closing the Referral Loop: Receipt of Specialist ReportFHIR

Official URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Measure/CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Version: 0.3.000
Draft as of 2024-07-09 Responsible: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Computable Name: CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR
Other Identifiers: Short Name (use: usual, ), UUID:75691bbe-451e-4e3a-9a95-6361f7b45196 (use: official, ), UUID:28defa55-b86f-4d45-9919-08ee327231da (use: official, ), Publisher (use: official, )

Copyright/Legal: Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2023 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2023 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2023 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation.

Percentage of patients with referrals, regardless of age, for which the referring clinician receives a report from the clinician to whom the patient was referred

UNKNOWN

Title: Closing the Referral Loop: Receipt of Specialist ReportFHIR
Id: CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR
Version: 0.3.000
Url: Closing the Referral Loop: Receipt of Specialist ReportFHIR
short-name identifier:

CMS50FHIR

version-independent identifier:

urn:uuid:75691bbe-451e-4e3a-9a95-6361f7b45196

version-specific identifier:

urn:uuid:28defa55-b86f-4d45-9919-08ee327231da

publisher (CMS) identifier:

50FHIR

Effective Period: 2025-01-01..2025-12-31
Status: draft
Publisher: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
Author: Mathematica
Description:

Percentage of patients with referrals, regardless of age, for which the referring clinician receives a report from the clinician to whom the patient was referred

Purpose:

UNKNOWN

Copyright:

Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2023 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2023 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2023 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation.

Disclaimer:

This performance Measure is not a clinical guideline, does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].

Rationale:

Problems in the outpatient referral and consultation process have been documented, including inadequate care pathways between specialty and primary care. Studies suggest that both specialists and primary care providers (PCPs) are not satisfied with current processes (Institute for Healthcare Improvement / National Patient Safety Foundation, 2017; Greenwood-Lee et. al, 2018). Breakdowns in referral communication leads to worse health outcomes, increased cost, and appointment delays (Patel et. al, 2018; Odisho et. al, 2020). A 2018 analysis of primary care referrals to specialists found that of the 103,737 referral scheduling attempts analyzed, only 36,072 (34.8%) resulted in documented complete appointments, defined by the specialty clinician providing report to the PCP after the referral visit (Patel et. al, 2018). Technological and process-based updates can improve the referral loop process and increase rates of closing the referral loop. Ramelson et. al (2018) enhanced an EHR's Referral Manager module to meet the Controlled Risk Insurance Company’s best practice steps and the requirements of both the CMS EHR Incentive Program and the National Committee for Quality Assurance Patient-Centered Medical Home program. Following the updates, 76.8% of referrals were completed and all defined referral process steps were easier to accomplish. Odisho et. al (2020) developed a referrals automation software to simplify the fax to referral process. Feedback from key stakeholder interviews noted that the software enhanced the referrals process by further streamlining and organizing the patient referral process. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement and the National Patient Safety Foundation (2017) reviewed the referrals process in the ambulatory care setting and found that organizational leaders, EHR vendors, regulatory agencies, clinicians, and patients all play a role in creating a referrals system that is effective, safe, convenient, and patient-centered.

Clinical recommendation statement:

None

Guidance (Usage): The clinician who refers the patient to another clinician is the clinician who should be held accountable for the performance of this measure. Only the first referral made between January 1 – October 31 of the measurement period will be considered for this measure to allow adequate time for the referring clinician to collect the consult report by the end of the measurement period. If there are multiple referrals for a patient during the measurement period, use the first referral. The clinician to whom the patient was referred is responsible for sending the consultant report that will fulfill the communication. Note: this is not the same clinician who would report on the measure. The consultant report that will successfully close the referral loop should be related to the first referral for a patient during the measurement period. If there are multiple consultant reports received by the referring clinician which pertain to a particular referral, use the first consultant report to satisfy the measure. Eligible clinicians reporting on this measure should note that all data for the measurement period is to be submitted by the deadline established by CMS. Therefore, eligible clinicians who refer patients towards the end of the measurement period (i.e., October), should request that clinicians to whom they referred their patients share their consult reports as soon as possible in order for those patients to be counted in the measure numerator during the measurement period. When clinicians to whom patients are referred communicate the consult report as soon as possible with the referring clinician, it ensures that the communication loop is closed in a timely manner and that the data are included in the submission to CMS. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS50v13. Please refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core 4.1.1 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/qdm-to-qicore.html).
Population Criteria:
656518260f81f93fca7d75b4
Initial Population: Number of patients, regardless of age, who had an encounter during the measurement period and were referred by one clinician to another clinician on or before October 31
Denominator: Equals Initial Population
Numerator: Number of patients with a referral on or before October 31, for which the referring clinician received a report from the clinician to whom the patient was referred
Supplemental Data Elements:

SDE Ethnicity

SDE Payer

SDE Race

SDE Sex

Supplemental Data Guidance : For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex; SDE Ethnicity SDE Payer SDE Race SDE Sex
Libraries:
CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR
Terminology and Other Dependencies:
  • Library/SupplementalDataElements|3.5.000
  • Library/QICoreCommon|2.1.000
  • Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000
  • AdministrativeGender
  • Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®)
  • Consultant Report
  • Referral
  • Behavioral/Neuropsych Assessment
  • Office Visit
  • Ophthalmological Services
  • Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up
  • Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17
  • Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up
  • Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17
  • Psych Visit - Diagnostic Evaluation
  • Payer
  • Parameters:
    name use min max type
    Measurement Period In 0 1 Period
    SDE Sex Out 0 1 Coding
    Numerator Out 0 1 boolean
    Denominator Out 0 1 boolean
    SDE Payer Out 0 * Resource
    Initial Population Out 0 1 boolean
    SDE Ethnicity Out 0 1 Resource
    SDE Race Out 0 1 Resource
    DataRequirements:
    Resource Type Resource Elements Valueset Name Valueset
    Patient(QICorePatient) ethnicity race
    ServiceRequest(QICoreServiceRequest) code status status.value intent intent.value authoredOn authoredOn.value id id.value Referral Referral
    ServiceRequest(QICoreServiceRequest) code status status.value intent intent.value authoredOn authoredOn.value id id.value ID AuthorDate Referral Referral
    Task(QICoreTask) code executionPeriod status status.value reference reference.value Consultant Report Consultant Report
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Behavioral/Neuropsych Assessment Behavioral/Neuropsych Assessment
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Office Visit Office Visit
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Ophthalmological Services Ophthalmological Services
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17 Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17 Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period Psych Visit Diagnostic Evaluation Psych Visit - Diagnostic Evaluation
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period
    Encounter(QICoreEncounter) type status status.value period
    Coverage(QICoreCoverage) type period Payer Type Payer
    Direct Reference Codes:
    display code system
    Male M http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender
    Female F http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender
    Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by physician or other qualified health care professional, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes 96136 http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt
    Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by technician, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes 96138 http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt
    Psychotherapy for crisis; first 60 minutes 90839 http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt
    Developmental test administration (including assessment of fine and/or gross motor, language, cognitive level, social, memory and/or executive functions by standardized developmental instruments when performed), by physician or other qualified health care professional, with interpretation and report; first hour 96112 http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt
    Health behavior assessment, or re-assessment (ie, health-focused clinical interview, behavioral observations, clinical decision making) 96156 http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt
    Logic Definitions:
    Group Scoring Population Criteria Expression
    656518260f81f93fca7d75b4 Group scoring: proportion
    Type:

    Process

    Rate Aggregation: None
    Improvement Notation:

    increase

    Initial Population
    define "Initial Population":
      "Has Encounter during Measurement Period"
        and "First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period" is not null
    Denominator
    define "Denominator":
      "Initial Population"
    Numerator
    define "Numerator":
      "Referring Clinician Receives Consultant Report to Close Referral Loop"
    Library Name Name
    SupplementalDataElements SDE Sex
    define "SDE Sex":
      case
        when Patient.gender = 'male' then "M"
        when Patient.gender = 'female' then "F"
        else null
      end
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR SDE Sex
    define "SDE Sex":
      SDE."SDE Sex"
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period
    define "First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period":
      First([ServiceRequest: "Referral"] ReferralOrder
          where ReferralOrder.status in { 'active', 'completed' }
            and ReferralOrder.intent = 'order'
            and ReferralOrder.authoredOn during day of Interval[start of "Measurement Period", Date(year from start of "Measurement Period", 10, 31)]
          return {
            ID: ReferralOrder.id,
            AuthorDate: ReferralOrder.authoredOn
          }
          sort by AuthorDate ascending
      )
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Referring Clinician Receives Consultant Report to Close Referral Loop
    define "Referring Clinician Receives Consultant Report to Close Referral Loop":
      exists ( [Task: "Consultant Report"] ConsultantReportObtained
          with "First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period" FirstReferral
            such that FirstReferral.ID in "TaskGetRequestID"(ConsultantReportObtained)
              and ConsultantReportObtained.executionPeriod ends after FirstReferral.AuthorDate
              and ConsultantReportObtained.status = 'completed'
              and ConsultantReportObtained.executionPeriod ends during day of "Measurement Period"
      )
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Numerator
    define "Numerator":
      "Referring Clinician Receives Consultant Report to Close Referral Loop"
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Has Encounter from Valuesets during Measurement Period
    define "Has Encounter from Valuesets during Measurement Period":
      exists ( ( [Encounter: "Behavioral/Neuropsych Assessment"]
          union [Encounter: "Office Visit"]
          union [Encounter: "Ophthalmological Services"]
          union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
          union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
          union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
          union [Encounter: "Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
          union [Encounter: "Psych Visit Diagnostic Evaluation"] ) Encounter
          where Encounter.status = 'finished'
            and Encounter.period during day of "Measurement Period"
      )
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Has Encounter from DRCs during Measurement Period
    define "Has Encounter from DRCs during Measurement Period":
      exists ( ( [Encounter] EncDRC
          where exists ( ( EncDRC.type ) T
              where T ~ "Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by physician or other qualified health care professional, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes"
          )
            or exists ( ( EncDRC.type ) T
                where T ~ "Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by technician, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes"
            )
            or exists ( ( EncDRC.type ) T
                where T ~ "Psychotherapy for crisis; first 60 minutes"
            )
            or exists ( ( EncDRC.type ) T
                where T ~ "Developmental test administration (including assessment of fine and/or gross motor, language, cognitive level, social, memory and/or executive functions by standardized developmental instruments when performed), by physician or other qualified health care professional, with interpretation and report; first hour"
            )
            or exists ( ( EncDRC.type ) T
                where T ~ "Health behavior assessment, or re-assessment (ie, health-focused clinical interview, behavioral observations, clinical decision making)"
            ) ) Encounter
          where Encounter.status = 'finished'
            and Encounter.period during day of "Measurement Period"
      )
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Has Encounter during Measurement Period
    define "Has Encounter during Measurement Period":
      "Has Encounter from Valuesets during Measurement Period"
        or "Has Encounter from DRCs during Measurement Period"
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Initial Population
    define "Initial Population":
      "Has Encounter during Measurement Period"
        and "First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period" is not null
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR Denominator
    define "Denominator":
      "Initial Population"
    Library Name Name
    SupplementalDataElements SDE Payer
    define "SDE Payer":
      [Coverage: type in "Payer Type"] Payer
        return {
          code: Payer.type,
          period: Payer.period
        }
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR SDE Payer
    define "SDE Payer":
      SDE."SDE Payer"
    Library Name Name
    SupplementalDataElements SDE Ethnicity
    define "SDE Ethnicity":
      Patient.ethnicity E
        return Tuple {
          codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,
          display: E.text
        }
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR SDE Ethnicity
    define "SDE Ethnicity":
      SDE."SDE Ethnicity"
    Library Name Name
    SupplementalDataElements SDE Race
    define "SDE Race":
      Patient.race R
        return Tuple {
          codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,
          display: R.text
        }
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR SDE Race
    define "SDE Race":
      SDE."SDE Race"
    Library Name Name
    CRLReceiptofSpecialistReportFHIR TaskGetRequestID
    define function "TaskGetRequestID"(task Task):
      task.basedOn Task
        return QICoreCommon."GetId" ( Task.reference )
    Library Name Name
    QICoreCommon GetId
    /*
    @description: Returns the tail of the given uri (i.e. everything after the last slash in the URI).
    @comment: This function can be used to determine the logical id of a given resource. It can be used in
    a single-server environment to trace references. However, this function does not attempt to resolve
    or distinguish the base of the given url, and so cannot be used safely in multi-server environments.
    @deprecated: This function is deprecated. Use the fluent function `getId()` instead
    */
    define function GetId(uri String ):
      Last(Split(uri, '/'))
    Library Name Name
    FHIRHelpers ToConcept
    /*
    @description: Converts the given FHIR [CodeableConcept](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept) value to a CQL Concept.
    */
    define function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept):
        if concept is null then
            null
        else
            System.Concept {
                codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C),
                display: concept.text.value
            }
    Library Name Name
    FHIRHelpers ToString
    define function ToString(value uri): value.value
    Library Name Name
    FHIRHelpers ToCode
    /*
    @description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
    */
    define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
        if coding is null then
            null
        else
            System.Code {
              code: coding.code.value,
              system: coding.system.value,
              version: coding.version.value,
              display: coding.display.value
            }