Outcome

decrease

define "Initial Population":
  "Inpatient Encounters"

define "Inpatient Encounters":
  [Encounter: "Encounter Inpatient"] EncounterInpatient
    with ( [Coverage: "Medicare FFS payer"]
      union [Coverage: "Medicare Advantage payer"] ) MedicarePayer
      such that ( EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService ( ).lengthInDays ( ) ) < 365
        and EncounterInpatient.status = 'finished'
        and AgeInYearsAt(date from start of EncounterInpatient.period) in Interval[65, 94]
        and EncounterInpatient.period ends during day of "Measurement Period"

define "Encounter with First Bicarbonate Lab Test":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstBicarbonateLab: First(["USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile": "Bicarbonate lab test"] BicarbonateLab
        where BicarbonateLab.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and BicarbonateLab.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and BicarbonateLab.value is not null
        sort by issued.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstBicarbonateResult: FirstBicarbonateLab.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstBicarbonateLab.issued
    }

define "Encounter with First Heart Rate":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstHeartRate: First(["observation-heartrate"] HeartRate
        where HeartRate.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and HeartRate.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and HeartRate.value is not null
        sort by effective.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstHeartRateResult: FirstHeartRate.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstHeartRate.effective.earliest ( )
    }

define "Encounter with First White Blood Cells Lab Test":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstWhiteBloodCellLab: First(["USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile": "White blood cells count lab test"] WhiteBloodCellLab
        where WhiteBloodCellLab.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and WhiteBloodCellLab.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and WhiteBloodCellLab.value is not null
        sort by issued.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstWhiteBloodCellResult: FirstWhiteBloodCellLab.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstWhiteBloodCellLab.issued
    }

define "Encounter with First Hematocrit Lab Test":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstHematocritLab: First(["USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile": "Hematocrit lab test"] HematocritLab
        where HematocritLab.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and HematocritLab.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and HematocritLab.value is not null
        sort by issued.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstHematocritResult: FirstHematocritLab.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstHematocritLab.issued
    }

define "Encounter with First Platelet Lab Test":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstPlateletLab: First(["USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile": "Platelet count lab test"] PlateletLab
        where PlateletLab.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and PlateletLab.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and PlateletLab.value is not null
        sort by issued.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstPlateletResult: FirstPlateletLab.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstPlateletLab.issued
    }

define "SDE Race":
  Patient.race R
    return Tuple {
      codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,
      display: R.text
    }

define "SDE Race":
  SDE."SDE Race"

define "Encounter with First Systolic Blood Pressure":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstSystolicBP: First(["observation-bp"] BP
        where BP.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and BP.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and BP.component.value is not null
        sort by effective.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstSBPResult: FirstSystolicBP.component C
        where C.code ~ "Systolic blood pressure"
        return C.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstSystolicBP.effective.earliest ( )
    }

define "SDE Sex":
  case
    when Patient.gender = 'male' then "M"
    when Patient.gender = 'female' then "F"
    else null
  end

define "SDE Sex":
  SDE."SDE Sex"

define "Encounter with First Creatinine Lab Test":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstCreatinineLab: First(["USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile": "Creatinine lab test"] CreatinineLab
        where CreatinineLab.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and CreatinineLab.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and CreatinineLab.value is not null
        sort by issued.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstCreatinineResult: FirstCreatinineLab.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstCreatinineLab.issued
    }

define "Encounter with First Body Temperature":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstTemperature: First(["observation-bodytemp"] temperature
        where temperature.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and temperature.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and temperature.value is not null
        sort by effective.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstTemperatureResult: FirstTemperature.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstTemperature.effective.earliest ( )
    }

define "SDE Payer":
  [Coverage: type in "Payer Type"] Payer
    return {
      code: Payer.type,
      period: Payer.period
    }

define "SDE Payer":
  SDE."SDE Payer"

define "Initial Population":
  "Inpatient Encounters"

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  Patient.ethnicity E
    return Tuple {
      codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,
      display: E.text
    }

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  SDE."SDE Ethnicity"

define "Encounter with First Oxygen Saturation":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstOxygenSat: First([Observation: "Oxygen Saturation by Pulse Oximetry"] O2Saturation
        where O2Saturation.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and O2Saturation.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and O2Saturation.value is not null
        sort by effective.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstOxygenSatResult: FirstOxygenSat.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstOxygenSat.effective.earliest ( )
    }

define "Encounter with First Sodium Lab Test":
  "Inpatient Encounters" EncounterInpatient
    let FirstSodiumLab: First(["USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile": "Sodium lab test"] SodiumLab
        where SodiumLab.effective.earliest() during EncounterInpatient.hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService()
          and SodiumLab.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and SodiumLab.value is not null
        sort by issued.earliest()
    )
    return {
      EncounterId: EncounterInpatient.id,
      FirstSodiumResult: FirstSodiumLab.value as Quantity,
      Timing: FirstSodiumLab.issued
    }

/*
@description: Calculates the difference in calendar days between the start and end of the given interval.
*/
define fluent function lengthInDays(Value Interval<DateTime> ):
  difference in days between start of Value and end of Value

/*
@description: Hospitalization with Observation and Outpatient Surgery Service returns the total interval from the start of any immediately prior emergency department visit, outpatient surgery visit or observation visit to the discharge of the given encounter.
*/
define fluent function hospitalizationWithObservationAndOutpatientSurgeryService(TheEncounter "Encounter" ):
  TheEncounter Visit
	  let ObsVisit: Last([Encounter: "Observation Services"] LastObs
		  	where LastObs.status = 'finished'
          and LastObs.period ends 1 hour or less on or before start of Visit.period
			  sort by	end of period
    	),
    	VisitStart: Coalesce(start of ObsVisit.period, start of Visit.period),
    	EDVisit: Last([Encounter: "Emergency Department Visit"] LastED
			  where LastED.status = 'finished'
          and LastED.period ends 1 hour or less on or before VisitStart
			  sort by	end of period
    	),
    	VisitStartWithED: Coalesce(start of EDVisit.period, VisitStart),
    	OutpatientSurgeryVisit: Last([Encounter: "Outpatient Surgery Service"] LastSurgeryOP
			  where LastSurgeryOP.period ends 1 hour or less on or before VisitStartWithED
			  sort by	end of period
    	)
  	return Interval[Coalesce(start of OutpatientSurgeryVisit.period, VisitStartWithED), end of Visit.period]

/*
@description: Given an interval, return the starting point if the interval has a starting boundary specified,
otherwise, return the ending point
*/
define fluent function earliest(choice Choice<DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime>, Interval<Quantity>> ):
  (choice.toInterval()) period
    return
      if (period."hasStart"()) then start of period
      else end of period

define function ToString(value uri): value.value

/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
*/
define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
    if coding is null then
        null
    else
        System.Code {
          code: coding.code.value,
          system: coding.system.value,
          version: coding.version.value,
          display: coding.display.value
        }