Proportion

Process

increase

define "Initial Population":
  "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection" EncounterWithURI
    where AgeInMonthsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") >= 3
    return EncounterWithURI

define "Denominator":
  "Initial Population"

define "Denominator Exclusions":
  "Encounters and Assessments with Hospice Patient"
    union Antibiotic."Has Comorbid Condition History" ( "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection", ( [Condition: "Comorbid Conditions for Respiratory Conditions"] ) )
    union Antibiotic."Has Antibiotic Medication History" ( "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection", ( [MedicationRequest: "Antibiotic Medications for Upper Respiratory Infection"] ) )
    union Antibiotic."Has Competing Diagnosis History" ( "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection", ( [Condition: "Competing Conditions for Respiratory Conditions"]
        union [Condition: "Acute Pharyngitis"]
        union [Condition: "Acute Tonsillitis"]
    ) )

define "Numerator":
  "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection" EncounterWithURI
    without ( ( [MedicationRequest: "Antibiotic Medications for Upper Respiratory Infection"] ).isMedicationOrder ( ) ) OrderedAntibiotic
      such that OrderedAntibiotic.authoredOn 3 days or less on or after start of EncounterWithURI.period.toInterval ( )
    return EncounterWithURI

define "Qualifying Encounters":
  ( ( [Encounter: "Emergency Department Evaluation and Management Visit"]
      union [Encounter: "Home Healthcare Services"]
      union [Encounter: "Medical Disability Exam"]
      union [Encounter: "Office Visit"]
      union [Encounter: "Outpatient Consultation"]
      union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services Group Counseling"]
      union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services Individual Counseling"]
      union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
      union [Encounter: "Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17"]
      union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
      union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
      union [Encounter: "Telephone Visits"]
      union [Encounter: "Virtual Encounter"]
      union ( [Encounter] E
          where exists ( ( E.type ) T
              where T ~ "Unlisted preventive medicine service"
          )
      )
  ).isEncounterPerformed ( ) ) ValidEncounter
    where ValidEncounter.period.toInterval ( ) ends during day of Interval[( start of "Measurement Period" ), ( end of "Measurement Period" ) - 3 days]

define "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection":
  from
    "Qualifying Encounters" QualifyingEncounters,
    [Condition: "Upper Respiratory Infection"] URI
    where URI.prevalenceInterval ( ) starts during day of QualifyingEncounters.period.toInterval ( )
      or URI.prevalenceInterval ( ) overlaps before QualifyingEncounters.period.toInterval ( )
    return QualifyingEncounters

define "Numerator":
  "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection" EncounterWithURI
    without ( ( [MedicationRequest: "Antibiotic Medications for Upper Respiratory Infection"] ).isMedicationOrder ( ) ) OrderedAntibiotic
      such that OrderedAntibiotic.authoredOn 3 days or less on or after start of EncounterWithURI.period.toInterval ( )
    return EncounterWithURI

define "Stratification 3":
  "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection" EncounterWithURI
    where AgeInYearsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") >= 65
    return EncounterWithURI

define "Stratification 2":
  "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection" EncounterWithURI
    where AgeInYearsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") in Interval[18, 64]
    return EncounterWithURI

define "Stratification 1":
  "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection" EncounterWithURI
    where AgeInMonthsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") >= 3
      and AgeInYearsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") <= 17
    return EncounterWithURI

define "Initial Population":
  "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection" EncounterWithURI
    where AgeInMonthsAt(date from start of "Measurement Period") >= 3
    return EncounterWithURI

define "Denominator":
  "Initial Population"

define "Has Hospice Services":
  exists ((([Encounter: "Encounter Inpatient"]).isEncounterPerformed()) InpatientEncounter
      where (InpatientEncounter.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to home for hospice care (procedure)"
          or InpatientEncounter.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to healthcare facility for hospice care (procedure)"
      )
        and InpatientEncounter.period.toInterval() ends during day of "Measurement Period"
  )
    or exists ((([Encounter: "Hospice Encounter"]).isEncounterPerformed()) HospiceEncounter
        where HospiceEncounter.period.toInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([Observation: "Hospice care [Minimum Data Set]"]).isAssessmentPerformed()) HospiceAssessment
        where HospiceAssessment.value ~ "Yes (qualifier value)"
          and HospiceAssessment.effective.toInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists ((([ServiceRequest: "Hospice Care Ambulatory"]).isInterventionOrder()) HospiceOrder
        where HospiceOrder.authoredOn.toInterval() during day of "Measurement Period"
        // and HospiceOrder.doNotPerform is not true
        // https://oncprojectracking.healthit.gov/support/browse/CQLIT-447
    )
    or exists ((([Procedure: "Hospice Care Ambulatory"]).isInterventionPerformed()) HospicePerformed
        where HospicePerformed.performed.toInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists (([Condition: "Hospice Diagnosis"]) HospiceCareDiagnosis
        where HospiceCareDiagnosis.prevalenceInterval() overlaps day of "Measurement Period"
    )

define "Encounters and Assessments with Hospice Patient":
  "Initial Population" EligibleEncounters
    where Hospice."Has Hospice Services"

define "Denominator Exclusions":
  "Encounters and Assessments with Hospice Patient"
    union Antibiotic."Has Comorbid Condition History" ( "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection", ( [Condition: "Comorbid Conditions for Respiratory Conditions"] ) )
    union Antibiotic."Has Antibiotic Medication History" ( "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection", ( [MedicationRequest: "Antibiotic Medications for Upper Respiratory Infection"] ) )
    union Antibiotic."Has Competing Diagnosis History" ( "Encounter with Upper Respiratory Infection", ( [Condition: "Competing Conditions for Respiratory Conditions"]
        union [Condition: "Acute Pharyngitis"]
        union [Condition: "Acute Tonsillitis"]
    ) )

//Encounter, Performed
//General usage unless required otherwise by measure intent (e.g., follow-up encounters)
define fluent function isEncounterPerformed(Enc List<Encounter>):
  Enc E
    where E.status in {'finished', 'arrived', 'triaged', 'in-progress', 'onleave'}

/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [CodeableConcept](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept) value to a CQL Concept.
*/
define function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept):
    if concept is null then
        null
    else
        System.Concept {
            codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C),
            display: concept.text.value
        }

/*
@description: Normalizes a value that is a choice of timing-valued types to an equivalent interval
@comment: Normalizes a choice type of DateTime, Quanitty, Interval<DateTime>, or Interval<Quantity> types
to an equivalent interval. This selection of choice types is a superset of the majority of choice types that are used as possible
representations for timing-valued elements in QICore, allowing this function to be used across any resource.
The input can be provided as a DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime> or Interval<Quantity>.
The intent of this function is to provide a clear and concise mechanism to treat single
elements that have multiple possible representations as intervals so that logic doesn't have to account
for the variability. More complex calculations (such as medication request period or dispense period
calculation) need specific guidance and consideration. That guidance may make use of this function, but
the focus of this function is on single element calculations where the semantics are unambiguous.
If the input is a DateTime, the result a DateTime Interval beginning and ending on that DateTime.
If the input is a Quantity, the quantity is expected to be a calendar-duration interpreted as an Age,
and the result is a DateTime Interval beginning on the Date the patient turned that age and ending immediately before one year later.
If the input is a DateTime Interval, the result is the input.
If the input is a Quantity Interval, the quantities are expected to be calendar-durations interpreted as an Age, and the result
is a DateTime Interval beginning on the date the patient turned the age given as the start of the quantity interval, and ending
immediately before one year later than the date the patient turned the age given as the end of the quantity interval.
If the input is a Timing, an error will be thrown indicating that Timing calculations are not implemented. Any other input will reslt in a null DateTime Interval
*/
define fluent function toInterval(choice Choice<DateTime, Quantity, Interval<DateTime>, Interval<Quantity>, Timing>):
  case
	  when choice is DateTime then
    	Interval[choice as DateTime, choice as DateTime]
		when choice is Interval<DateTime> then
  		choice as Interval<DateTime>
		when choice is Quantity then
		  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity),
			  Patient.birthDate + (choice as Quantity) + 1 year)
		when choice is Interval<Quantity> then
		  Interval[Patient.birthDate + (choice.low as Quantity),
			  Patient.birthDate + (choice.high as Quantity) + 1 year)
		when choice is Timing then
      Message(null, true, 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'Error', 'Calculation of an interval from a Timing value is not supported') as Interval<DateTime>
		else
			null as Interval<DateTime>
	end

/*
@description: Returns an interval representing the normalized prevalence period of a given Condition.
@comment: Uses the ToInterval and ToAbatementInterval functions to determine the widest potential interval from
onset to abatement as specified in the given Condition. If the condition is active, or has an abatement date the resulting 
interval will have a closed ending boundary. Otherwise, the resulting interval will have an open ending boundary.
*/
define fluent function prevalenceInterval(condition Condition):
if condition.clinicalStatus ~ "active"
  or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "recurrence"
  or condition.clinicalStatus ~ "relapse" then
  Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), end of condition.abatementInterval()]
else
    (end of condition.abatementInterval()) abatementDate
    return if abatementDate is null then
      Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), abatementDate)
    else
      Interval[start of condition.onset.toInterval(), abatementDate]

//Medication, Order: active and completed only
define fluent function isMedicationOrder(MedicationRequest List<MedicationRequest>):
  MedicationRequest M
    where M.status in { 'active', 'completed' }
      and M.intent = 'order'

//This library contains functions that are based on QDM 5.6 to QICore 4.1.1 March 2023 (https://github.com/cqframework/CQL-Formatting-and-Usage-Wiki/wiki/Authoring-Patterns---QICore-v4.1.1). The functions may appear similar to some QICoreCommon functions but different in that they have constraints that are relevant for measures authored by NCQA.

//Assessment, Performed
define fluent function isAssessmentPerformed(Obs List<Observation>):
  Obs O
    where O.status in { 'final', 'amended', 'corrected' }
          and exists ( O.category ObservationCategory
          where ( ObservationCategory ) ~ "survey"
      )

//Intervention, Order: active and completed only    
define fluent function isInterventionOrder(ServiceRequest List<ServiceRequest>):
  ServiceRequest S
    where S.status in { 'active', 'completed' }
      and S.intent = 'order'

//Intervention, Performed
define fluent function isInterventionPerformed(Proc List<Procedure>):
  Proc P
    where P.status ~ 'completed'

define function "Has Comorbid Condition History"(episodeDate List<Encounter>, comorbidConditions List<Condition>):
  episodeDate eDate
      with comorbidConditions comcondition
        such that date from start of comcondition.prevalenceInterval() during Interval[date from start of eDate.period.toInterval() - 1 year, date from start of eDate.period.toInterval()]
      return eDate

define function "Has Antibiotic Medication History"(episodeDate List<Encounter>, antibioticMedications List<MedicationRequest>):
   episodeDate DateOfEpisode
    with antibioticMedications ActiveMedication
      such that ActiveMedication.medicationRequestPeriod() overlaps day of Interval[date from start of DateOfEpisode.period.toInterval()  - 30 days, date from start of DateOfEpisode.period.toInterval() - 1 day]

define fluent function medicationRequestPeriod(Request "MedicationRequest"):
  Request R
    let
      dosage: singleton from R.dosageInstruction,
      doseAndRate: singleton from dosage.doseAndRate,
      timing: dosage.timing,
      frequency: Coalesce(timing.repeat.frequencyMax, timing.repeat.frequency),
      period: Quantity(timing.repeat.period, timing.repeat.periodUnit),
      doseRange: doseAndRate.dose,
      doseQuantity: doseAndRate.dose,
      dose: Coalesce(end of doseRange, doseQuantity),
      dosesPerDay: Coalesce(ToDaily(frequency, period), Count(timing.repeat.timeOfDay), 1.0),
      boundsPeriod: timing.repeat.bounds as Interval<DateTime>,
      daysSupply: (convert R.dispenseRequest.expectedSupplyDuration to days).value,
      quantity: R.dispenseRequest.quantity,
      refills: Coalesce(R.dispenseRequest.numberOfRepeatsAllowed, 0),
      startDate:
        Coalesce(
          date from start of boundsPeriod,
          date from R.authoredOn,
          date from start of R.dispenseRequest.validityPeriod
        ),
      totalDaysSupplied: Coalesce(daysSupply, quantity.value / (dose.value * dosesPerDay)) * (1 + refills)
    return
      if startDate is not null and totalDaysSupplied is not null then
        Interval[startDate, startDate + Quantity(totalDaysSupplied - 1, 'day') ]
      else if startDate is not null and boundsPeriod."high" is not null then
        Interval[startDate, date from end of boundsPeriod]
      else
        null

/**********************************************************************/
/* Functions in this region are copied from opioid-mme-r4             */
/**********************************************************************/

define function Quantity(value Decimal, unit String):
  if value is not null then
    System.Quantity { value: value, unit: unit }
  else
    null

/*
 Goal is to get to number of days
 Two broad approaches to the calculation:
  1) Based on supply and frequency, calculate the number of expected days the medication will cover/has covered
  2) Based on relevant period, determine a covered interval and calculate the length of that interval in days
This topic covers several use cases and illustrates how to calculate Cumulative
Medication Duration for each type of medication resource using the supply and
frequency approach.
*/

/*
  For the first approach, we need to get from frequency to a frequency/day
  So we define ToDaily
*/

/*
  Calculates daily frequency given frequency within a period
*/
define function ToDaily(frequency System.Integer, period System.Quantity):
  case period.unit
    when 'h' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value)
    when 'min' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) * 60
    when 's' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) * 60 * 60
    when 'd' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / 24
    when 'wk' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 7)
    when 'mo' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 30) /* assuming 30 days in month */
    when 'a' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 365) /* assuming 365 days in year */
    when 'hour' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value)
    when 'minute' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) * 60
    when 'second' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) * 60 * 60
    when 'day' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / 24
    when 'week' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 7)
    when 'month' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 30) /* assuming 30 days in month */
    when 'year' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 365) /* assuming 365 days in year */
    when 'hours' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value)
    when 'minutes' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) * 60
    when 'seconds' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) * 60 * 60
    when 'days' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / 24
    when 'weeks' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 7)
    when 'months' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 30) /* assuming 30 days in month */
    when 'years' then frequency * (24.0 / period.value) / (24 * 365) /* assuming 365 days in year */
    else Message(null, true, 'CMDLogic.ToDaily.UnknownUnit', ErrorLevel, 'Unknown unit ' & period.unit)
  end

define function "Has Competing Diagnosis History"(episodeDate List<Encounter>, competingConditions List<Condition>):
  episodeDate eDate
      with competingConditions competcondition
        such that competcondition.prevalenceInterval() starts 3 days or less on or after day of start of eDate.period
      return eDate