Kenya Disease Surveillance FHIR Implementation Guide., published by intellisoftConsulting. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/IntelliSOFT-Consulting/Surveillance-FHIR-IG/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Generic Personas

Personas

A persona is a depiction of a relevant stakeholder, or end-user, of the system. In this section, the goal is to provide a clear depiction of the end-users, supervisors, and related stakeholders who would be interacting with the digital system or involved in the care pathway.

Targeted Personas

The targeted personas for this Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) DAK are health workers operating in care settings that are able to provide the required essential interventions for IDSR care delivery. In the case of IDSR, health care providers at the health facilities are the primary personas for the digital client health record and decision-support systems. The key competences of various actors in the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response are defined as follows

</tr> </tbody> </table> ### Related Personas In addition to the targeted personas detailed above, there may be value in exploring other personas within the context of disease surveillance and response services, such as the patients reporting symptoms, and community members observing emerging diseases. However, these were not identified as the central personas for the data and decision-support content detailed in this DAK. The related personas are listed below

IDSR Actors/Persona Title		Description	Different names	International Standard for Classification of Occupations code (9)
Community Based Surveillance Focal Person(s)	Community Health Promoter	Conducts regular household visits, meets with key informants and attends local ceremonies to follow up on any unusual occurrences. Records unusual health events in the reporting forms on eCHIS and tools (tally sheets) and reports immediately within 24 hours. The CHPs report the signal on mDHARURA. Sends rapid notification, to the nearest health facility and other relevant sectors, of the occurrence of unexpected or unusual cases of disease.(Community units are connected to a health facility.) Gives feedback and raises the community’s awareness about reporting and seeking care for priority diseases, conditions and unusual events.	Community Health Volunteer Community Health Worker Lay Health Worker/Supporter	3253
	Community Health Assistant	Receives signal reports from the CHWs, undertake triage and verification, populate their logbooks, and report to the Sub County using the event verification tool Engage and inform community leaders on the situation and actions that can be taken to mitigate the situation Organize door-to-door campaigns utilizing trusted individuals to reach every household within the catchment area in order to curb the spread of the public health event and to encourage self-reporting, treatment and health-seeking behavior among people who have had contact with the public health event or are suspected to be public health event cases
Health Facility Staff		dentify cases of priority diseases using the standard case definitions; Record case-based information and report immediately notifiable diseases, conditions and events to the sub county Prepare for and participate in outbreak investigation and response and case treatment	Facility Disease surveillance focal person Healthcare workers: (Clinicians, Nurses, Infection control officers, Laboratory scientists, Specialists, Health information officers)
Community animal disease reporters (CDRs)		Is a farmer/ makes contact with the farmer or animal owner either at the farm, veterinary clinics and agrovets. Report all the detected signals to the AHAs/CHAs Responsible for sensitizing the community networks on signals to facilitate detection	Farmers
Animal health service providers/Frontline animal health workers		Detect zoonotic events before human spillover Gather information on clinical symptoms, person, place and time information of the presenting condition, conduct physical examination, run laboratory investigations and review the etiology of ailments. Receives signal reports from the CDRs/farmers/livestock traders and animal health experts, undertake triage and risk assessments, report on the KABS platform and report to the Sub County	Veterinarians, animal health assistants/paraprofessionals, animal health experts, agro-vet outlet managers, wildlife health practitioners
Point of entry Surveillance Officers		Identify cases of priority diseases using the standard case definitions; Record case-based information and report immediately notifiable diseases, conditions and events to the sub county and national level Prepare for and participate in outbreak investigation and response and case treatment Institute necessary public health measures including IPC
Sub- County Health Management Team		Liaise with the Sub County officials to mobilize funds (at Sub County level) for surveillance activities Monitor IDSR performance and outputs of data analysis Participate in risk mapping, establishment and ensure functionality
Sub county Surveillance Officer		Investigate and verify possible outbreaks, collect diagnostic samples, advise on treatment/prevention protocols Prepare and analyze weekly surveillance reports and submits promptly to higher authorities Monitor the performance indicators, periodically update graphs, tables and charts, and compare with previous data. Conduct regular supportive supervision visits to surveillance site and build their capacity to analyze and interpret their data, to guide decision
Sub-County Disease Surveillance Coordinator		Undertake risk assessment, populate their logbooks, and report through the event risk assessment reporting tool Review the facility weekly epidemic monitoring report (MOH 505) for correctness, then inputs into KHIS Monitor resources needed for disease surveillance at sub-county level ie testing commodities , paper tools (MOH 502)
County Health Management Team		Support the regional surveillance officer and Sub County surveillance officers to implement planned activities in their respective sub-counties Monitor Sub County IDSR performance and outputs of data analysis and monitoring tool During outbreaks, assist the Public Health Emergency Management Committee in organizing the public health emergency regional rapid response teams and ensure functionality for both regional and Sub Counties levels Report findings of initial investigation to national level
Ministry of Health (MOH)/National level		Set standards, policies and guidelines for IDSR and update the emergency preparedness and response (EPR) plans based on simulations and After-Action reviews Assess available capacity at national level and rectify accordingly, while ensuring inclusion of surge capacity in the EPR plan
Laboratory Focal Persons	National Level	Coordinate all laboratory-related activities in support of disease surveillance preparedness and response. Establish and support collaboration with epidemiologists/surveillance officers. Define laboratory testing capabilities in-country and those referred internationally and share this information with all stakeholders. Maintain an updated list of the laboratories performing required laboratory testing. Support introduction of new diagnostic technologies. Support integration of laboratory data with epidemiological data for a comprehensive disease surveillance approach. Ensure alignment of laboratory surveillance activities with global and national disease control strategies. Coordinate with national and regional laboratories to ensure efficient workflows. Facilitate partnerships for resource mobilization and technical support. Provide training on handling infectious specimens and hazardous materials. Monitor compliance with biosafety regulations and international standards.
	Regional Level	Maintain an updated list of the laboratories that will perform required laboratory testing. Provide information to all health facilities for correct transport of specimens. Maintain an updated list of inventories of supplies, reagents and equipment from all the laboratories in the Region. Ensure that laboratory confirmation procedures established at the national level are known and followed in the county and sub counties. Ensure that specimen collection, transport materials and laboratory diagnostic tests are available to enable the timely detection of priority diseases.
	Sub county Level	Maintain an updated list of inventories of supplies, reagents, and equipment from all the health facilities and laboratories in the sub-county. Ensure that procedures for sample collection, transportation, confirming the disease or condition, and reporting the results are clear and can be reliably carried out in the designated places.
	Facility Level	Maintain and update list of inventories of supplies, reagents and equipment at the facility. Ensure that standard operating procedures (SOP) for sample collection, transportation, confirming the disease or condition and reporting the results are available and being followed. Communicate with the sub county laboratory focal person and regional laboratory focal person as required. Ensure that there is a proper record for laboratory results. Ensure that the laboratory has a quality assurance program (internal and external quality control) to improve the reliability and reproducibility of laboratory results.
Media Scanning EBS team		A team of dedicated staff that is tasked with the responsibility of reading, listening, and viewing diverse media sources for reports of detected/verified signals for disease outbreaks or emerging disease trends.
Hotline/Phone EBS Call Center staff		A dedicated team tasked with receiving calls providing information on detected signals, suspected and confirmed cases of public health importance.
Public health officers		Inspection, sampling, seizure, requesting and dispatch of samples to the public analyst during routine duties and in the event of suspected contamination. Recommend for destruction of contaminated food. Apply to court during disputes for food destruction. Submit reports to sub county disease surveillance coordinator for food borne illnesses.

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Name	Description	Different names(if relevant)	International Standard for Classification of Occupations code (if relevant) (9)
Client	A man or woman who visits the health facility and intends to report symptoms, or observation of the same within their family, school or community to the targeted health worker personas.	Patient	N/A
Community Members	Individuals residing within a specific community, for instance, village l leaders (religious, traditional or political), school teachers, veterinarians, health extension workers, chemical sellers, and traditional healers and in other communities, a respected non-health person such as the barber, or shopkeeper who regularly talks to other community members.