Kenya Emergency Care Implementation Guide, published by Digital Health Agency (DHA), Kenya. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/IntelliSOFT-Consulting/Kenya-Emergency-FHIR-IG/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

• Content
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• XML
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Resource Profile: Observation - Emergency POCUS

Represents a single point-of-care ultrasound view (abdomen/FAST, chest, or cardiac) performed during the ED assessment — one Observation instance per view. The trace/clip image itself, if transmitted, belongs on the referencing EMDiagnosticReport.presentedForm rather than on this Observation.

Usages:

• Refer to this Profile: Composition - Emergency Department Patient Record
• Examples for this Profile: Observation/em-ed-pocus-chest-example

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

• Key Elements Table
• Differential Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-pocus-1
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which POCUS view this instance represents Binding: Emergency POCUS View Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this POCUS view was performed
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Overall NML/N/A/abnormal read for this view Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this POCUS view Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
component:abdomenFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Abdomen view — negative/indeterminate/free-fluid/RUQ/LUQ/pelvis
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: abdomen-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:chestFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Chest view — negative/indeterminate/pneumothorax/pleural fluid
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:pericardialEffusion	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — pericardial effusion present
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pericardial-effusion
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:cardiacActivity	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — cardiac activity present or absent
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: cardiac-activity
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set (required)
component:rvFunction	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — right ventricular function
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: rv-function
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set (required)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency POCUS View Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:chestFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:rvFunction.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-pocus-1	error	Observation	A POCUS Observation must carry either a top-level overall read or at least one structured component finding.	value.exists() or component.exists()
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: em-pocus-1
status	S	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which POCUS view this instance represents Binding: Emergency POCUS View Value Set (required)
subject	S	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	S	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]		1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	S	1..1	dateTime	When this POCUS view was performed
performer	S	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Overall NML/N/A/abnormal read for this view Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
Slices for component	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this POCUS view Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:abdomenFinding	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Abdomen view — negative/indeterminate/free-fluid/RUQ/LUQ/pelvis
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: abdomen-finding
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:chestFinding	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Chest view — negative/indeterminate/pneumothorax/pleural fluid
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-finding
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:pericardialEffusion	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — pericardial effusion present
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pericardial-effusion
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:cardiacActivity	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — cardiac activity present or absent
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: cardiac-activity
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set (required)
component:rvFunction	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — right ventricular function
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: rv-function
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set (required)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency POCUS View Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:chestFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:rvFunction.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
em-pocus-1	error	Observation	A POCUS Observation must carry either a top-level overall read or at least one structured component finding.	value.exists() or component.exists()

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-pocus-1
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which POCUS view this instance represents Binding: Emergency POCUS View Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this POCUS view was performed
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Overall NML/N/A/abnormal read for this view Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this POCUS view Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:abdomenFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Abdomen view — negative/indeterminate/free-fluid/RUQ/LUQ/pelvis
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: abdomen-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:chestFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Chest view — negative/indeterminate/pneumothorax/pleural fluid
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pericardialEffusion	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — pericardial effusion present
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pericardial-effusion
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:cardiacActivity	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — cardiac activity present or absent
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: cardiac-activity
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set (required)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:rvFunction	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — right ventricular function
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: rv-function
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set (required)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.language	Base	preferred	Common Languages	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency POCUS View Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite	Base	example	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type	Base	preferred	Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo	Base	example	Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:chestFinding.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:rvFunction.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-pocus-1	error	Observation	A POCUS Observation must carry either a top-level overall read or at least one structured component finding.	value.exists() or component.exists()
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 5 elements
Must-Support: 14 elements

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.effective[x]
• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.component

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-pocus-1
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which POCUS view this instance represents Binding: Emergency POCUS View Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this POCUS view was performed
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Overall NML/N/A/abnormal read for this view Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this POCUS view Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
component:abdomenFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Abdomen view — negative/indeterminate/free-fluid/RUQ/LUQ/pelvis
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: abdomen-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:chestFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Chest view — negative/indeterminate/pneumothorax/pleural fluid
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:pericardialEffusion	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — pericardial effusion present
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pericardial-effusion
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:cardiacActivity	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — cardiac activity present or absent
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: cardiac-activity
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set (required)
component:rvFunction	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — right ventricular function
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: rv-function
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set (required)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency POCUS View Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:chestFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:rvFunction.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-pocus-1	error	Observation	A POCUS Observation must carry either a top-level overall read or at least one structured component finding.	value.exists() or component.exists()
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: em-pocus-1
status	S	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which POCUS view this instance represents Binding: Emergency POCUS View Value Set (required)
subject	S	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
encounter	S	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]		1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	S	1..1	dateTime	When this POCUS view was performed
performer	S	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Overall NML/N/A/abnormal read for this view Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
Slices for component	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this POCUS view Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:abdomenFinding	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Abdomen view — negative/indeterminate/free-fluid/RUQ/LUQ/pelvis
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: abdomen-finding
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:chestFinding	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Chest view — negative/indeterminate/pneumothorax/pleural fluid
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-finding
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
component:pericardialEffusion	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — pericardial effusion present
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pericardial-effusion
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:cardiacActivity	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — cardiac activity present or absent
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: cardiac-activity
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set (required)
component:rvFunction	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — right ventricular function
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: rv-function
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set (required)
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency POCUS View Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:chestFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:rvFunction.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
em-pocus-1	error	Observation	A POCUS Observation must carry either a top-level overall read or at least one structured component finding.	value.exists() or component.exists()

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-pocus-1
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which POCUS view this instance represents Binding: Emergency POCUS View Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this POCUS view was performed
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who is responsible for the observation
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Overall NML/N/A/abnormal read for this view Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this POCUS view Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:abdomenFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Abdomen view — negative/indeterminate/free-fluid/RUQ/LUQ/pelvis
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: abdomen-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:chestFinding	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Chest view — negative/indeterminate/pneumothorax/pleural fluid
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-finding
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pericardialEffusion	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — pericardial effusion present
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pericardial-effusion
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:cardiacActivity	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — cardiac activity present or absent
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: cardiac-activity
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set (required)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:rvFunction	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Cardiac view — right ventricular function
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-pocus-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: rv-function
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set (required)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.language	Base	preferred	Common Languages	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency POCUS View Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite	Base	example	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type	Base	preferred	Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo	Base	example	Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:abdomenFinding.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency POCUS Finding Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:chestFinding.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestFinding.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pericardialEffusion.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Cardiac Activity Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:cardiacActivity.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​value[x]	Base	required	Emergency POCUS Right Ventricular Function Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:rvFunction.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:rvFunction.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-pocus-1	error	Observation	A POCUS Observation must carry either a top-level overall read or at least one structured component finding.	value.exists() or component.exists()
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 5 elements
Must-Support: 14 elements

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.effective[x]
• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.component