Kenya Emergency Care Implementation Guide, published by Digital Health Agency (DHA), Kenya. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/IntelliSOFT-Consulting/Kenya-Emergency-FHIR-IG/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

• Content
• Detailed Descriptions
• Mappings
• Examples
• XML
• JSON
• TTL

Resource Profile: Observation - Emergency ABCDE Assessment

Represents the provider's structured resuscitation assessment of a single ABCDE letter (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, or Exposure) — one Observation instance per letter, not one Observation for the whole ABCDE assessment, mirroring the one-instance-per-region pattern already used by EMSecondarySurveyObservation.

Reuses the same explicit "NML" (no findings) idiom as EMSecondarySurveyObservation via the EMNoFindingsOnExam extension. Which component slices are populated depends on Observation.code: airway, breathing, and exposure typically populate only a few of the fields below, while circulation and disability are the most component-heavy. Airway, breathing, and circulation interventions performed (repositioning, suction, OPA/NPA/BVM/LMA/ETT, chest tube, IV line placement) are recorded as EMProcedure instances referenced separately, not duplicated here; medications and blood products given are recorded as EMMedicationAdministration.

Usages:

• Refer to this Profile: Composition - Emergency Department Patient Record
• Examples for this Profile: Observation/em-ed-abcde-breathing-example and Observation/em-ed-abcde-circulation-example

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

• Key Elements Table
• Differential Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-exam-1, em-exam-2
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
Slices for extension		1..*	Extension	Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
extension:noFindingsOnExam	S	1..1	boolean	Explicit flag confirming this ABCDE letter was assessed and nothing abnormal was found URL: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	Workflow status of the ABCDE finding Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which ABCDE letter this instance represents Binding: Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Patient assessed
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this ABCDE letter was assessed
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who performed the assessment
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	The primary abnormal finding for this ABCDE letter Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
note		0..*	Annotation	Free-text notes, e.g. intervention sizes/depths not captured structurally
hasMember	SΣ	0..*	Reference(Observation)	Related Observations for this assessment, e.g. the GCS or respiratory-rate EMVitalSignsObservation
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this ABCDE letter Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
component:airwayObstructionCause	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Airway — cause of obstruction, angioedema, stridor, voice change, or burns
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: airway-obstruction-cause
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:chestRisePattern	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — shallow, retractions, or paradoxical chest rise
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-rise-pattern
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:tracheaPosition	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — midline or deviated, and to which side
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: trachea-position
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:breathSoundsLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — left-sided breath sounds
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
component:breathSoundsRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — right-sided breath sounds
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
component:capillaryRefillSeconds	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — capillary refill time in seconds
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: capillary-refill-seconds
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:skinFindings	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — warm/dry/pale/cyanotic/moist/cool skin findings
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: skin-findings
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:jvd	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — jugular venous distension present
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: jvd
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:pulses	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — pulse quality; use .note on the Observation for asymmetry/laterality detail
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pulses
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set (extensible)
component:fluidsGivenVolume	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — volume of IV fluids given
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-given-volume
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:fluidsType	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — type of IV fluid given, e.g. normal saline, lactated Ringer's
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-type
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result
component:bloodOrdered	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether blood was ordered
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: blood-ordered
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:ecgDone	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether an ECG was done; the result itself is an EMDiagnosticReport
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: ecg-done
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:avpu	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — AVPU responsiveness
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: avpu
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: AVPU Scale Value Set (required)
component:pupilSizeLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil size in mm
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilSizeRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil size in mm
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilReactivityLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil reactivity
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:pupilReactivityRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil reactivity
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:movesExtremities	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Disability — limb(s) moved spontaneously (LUE/RUE/LLE/RLE); repeat the slice per limb
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: moves-extremities
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible)
component:fullyExposed	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Exposure — whether the patient was fully exposed
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fully-exposed
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​value[x]	Base	required	AVPU Scale Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-exam-1	error	Observation	The noFindingsOnExam extension must agree with whether any finding was coded: true only when no finding is present, false whenever a finding is coded.	(value.exists() or component.exists()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = false
em-exam-2	error	Observation	When no finding is coded, the noFindingsOnExam extension must be true.	(value.empty() and component.empty()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = true
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: em-exam-1, em-exam-2
Slices for extension		1..*	Extension	Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
extension:noFindingsOnExam	S	1..1	boolean	Explicit flag confirming this ABCDE letter was assessed and nothing abnormal was found URL: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam
status	S	1..1	code	Workflow status of the ABCDE finding Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which ABCDE letter this instance represents Binding: Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set (required)
subject	S	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Patient assessed
encounter	S	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]		1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	S	1..1	dateTime	When this ABCDE letter was assessed
performer	S	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who performed the assessment
value[x]	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	The primary abnormal finding for this ABCDE letter Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
note		0..*	Annotation	Free-text notes, e.g. intervention sizes/depths not captured structurally
hasMember	S	0..*	Reference(Observation)	Related Observations for this assessment, e.g. the GCS or respiratory-rate EMVitalSignsObservation
Slices for component	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this ABCDE letter Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:airwayObstructionCause	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Airway — cause of obstruction, angioedema, stridor, voice change, or burns
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: airway-obstruction-cause
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:chestRisePattern	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — shallow, retractions, or paradoxical chest rise
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-rise-pattern
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:tracheaPosition	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — midline or deviated, and to which side
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: trachea-position
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:breathSoundsLeft	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — left-sided breath sounds
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-left
value[x]		0..1	string	Actual component result
component:breathSoundsRight	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — right-sided breath sounds
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-right
value[x]		0..1	string	Actual component result
component:capillaryRefillSeconds	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — capillary refill time in seconds
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: capillary-refill-seconds
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:skinFindings	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — warm/dry/pale/cyanotic/moist/cool skin findings
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: skin-findings
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:jvd	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — jugular venous distension present
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: jvd
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:pulses	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — pulse quality; use .note on the Observation for asymmetry/laterality detail
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pulses
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set (extensible)
component:fluidsGivenVolume	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — volume of IV fluids given
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-given-volume
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:fluidsType	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — type of IV fluid given, e.g. normal saline, lactated Ringer's
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-type
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result
component:bloodOrdered	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether blood was ordered
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: blood-ordered
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:ecgDone	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether an ECG was done; the result itself is an EMDiagnosticReport
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: ecg-done
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:avpu	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — AVPU responsiveness
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: avpu
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: AVPU Scale Value Set (required)
component:pupilSizeLeft	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil size in mm
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-left
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilSizeRight	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil size in mm
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-right
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilReactivityLeft	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil reactivity
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-left
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:pupilReactivityRight	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil reactivity
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-right
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:movesExtremities	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Disability — limb(s) moved spontaneously (LUE/RUE/LLE/RLE); repeat the slice per limb
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: moves-extremities
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible)
component:fullyExposed	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Exposure — whether the patient was fully exposed
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fully-exposed
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:avpu.​value[x]	Base	required	AVPU Scale Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
em-exam-1	error	Observation	The noFindingsOnExam extension must agree with whether any finding was coded: true only when no finding is present, false whenever a finding is coded.	(value.exists() or component.exists()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = false
em-exam-2	error	Observation	When no finding is coded, the noFindingsOnExam extension must be true.	(value.empty() and component.empty()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = true

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-exam-1, em-exam-2
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
Slices for extension		1..*	Extension	Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
extension:noFindingsOnExam	S	1..1	boolean	Explicit flag confirming this ABCDE letter was assessed and nothing abnormal was found URL: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	Workflow status of the ABCDE finding Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which ABCDE letter this instance represents Binding: Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Patient assessed
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this ABCDE letter was assessed
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who performed the assessment
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	The primary abnormal finding for this ABCDE letter Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Free-text notes, e.g. intervention sizes/depths not captured structurally
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	SΣ	0..*	Reference(Observation)	Related Observations for this assessment, e.g. the GCS or respiratory-rate EMVitalSignsObservation
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this ABCDE letter Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:airwayObstructionCause	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Airway — cause of obstruction, angioedema, stridor, voice change, or burns
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: airway-obstruction-cause
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:chestRisePattern	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — shallow, retractions, or paradoxical chest rise
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-rise-pattern
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:tracheaPosition	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — midline or deviated, and to which side
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: trachea-position
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:breathSoundsLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — left-sided breath sounds
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:breathSoundsRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — right-sided breath sounds
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:capillaryRefillSeconds	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — capillary refill time in seconds
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: capillary-refill-seconds
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:skinFindings	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — warm/dry/pale/cyanotic/moist/cool skin findings
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: skin-findings
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:jvd	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — jugular venous distension present
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: jvd
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pulses	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — pulse quality; use .note on the Observation for asymmetry/laterality detail
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pulses
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:fluidsGivenVolume	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — volume of IV fluids given
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-given-volume
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:fluidsType	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — type of IV fluid given, e.g. normal saline, lactated Ringer's
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-type
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:bloodOrdered	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether blood was ordered
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: blood-ordered
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:ecgDone	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether an ECG was done; the result itself is an EMDiagnosticReport
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: ecg-done
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:avpu	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — AVPU responsiveness
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: avpu
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: AVPU Scale Value Set (required)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilSizeLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil size in mm
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilSizeRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil size in mm
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilReactivityLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil reactivity
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilReactivityRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil reactivity
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:movesExtremities	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Disability — limb(s) moved spontaneously (LUE/RUE/LLE/RLE); repeat the slice per limb
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: moves-extremities
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:fullyExposed	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Exposure — whether the patient was fully exposed
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fully-exposed
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.language	Base	preferred	Common Languages	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite	Base	example	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type	Base	preferred	Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo	Base	example	Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pulses.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​value[x]	Base	required	AVPU Scale Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:avpu.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-exam-1	error	Observation	The noFindingsOnExam extension must agree with whether any finding was coded: true only when no finding is present, false whenever a finding is coded.	(value.exists() or component.exists()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = false
em-exam-2	error	Observation	When no finding is coded, the noFindingsOnExam extension must be true.	(value.empty() and component.empty()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = true
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 7 elements
Must-Support: 31 elements

Extensions

This structure refers to these extensions:

• https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.effective[x]
• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.component

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-exam-1, em-exam-2
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
Slices for extension		1..*	Extension	Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
extension:noFindingsOnExam	S	1..1	boolean	Explicit flag confirming this ABCDE letter was assessed and nothing abnormal was found URL: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	Workflow status of the ABCDE finding Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which ABCDE letter this instance represents Binding: Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Patient assessed
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this ABCDE letter was assessed
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who performed the assessment
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	The primary abnormal finding for this ABCDE letter Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
note		0..*	Annotation	Free-text notes, e.g. intervention sizes/depths not captured structurally
hasMember	SΣ	0..*	Reference(Observation)	Related Observations for this assessment, e.g. the GCS or respiratory-rate EMVitalSignsObservation
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this ABCDE letter Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
component:airwayObstructionCause	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Airway — cause of obstruction, angioedema, stridor, voice change, or burns
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: airway-obstruction-cause
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:chestRisePattern	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — shallow, retractions, or paradoxical chest rise
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-rise-pattern
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:tracheaPosition	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — midline or deviated, and to which side
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: trachea-position
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:breathSoundsLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — left-sided breath sounds
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
component:breathSoundsRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — right-sided breath sounds
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
component:capillaryRefillSeconds	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — capillary refill time in seconds
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: capillary-refill-seconds
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:skinFindings	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — warm/dry/pale/cyanotic/moist/cool skin findings
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: skin-findings
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:jvd	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — jugular venous distension present
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: jvd
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:pulses	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — pulse quality; use .note on the Observation for asymmetry/laterality detail
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pulses
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set (extensible)
component:fluidsGivenVolume	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — volume of IV fluids given
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-given-volume
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:fluidsType	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — type of IV fluid given, e.g. normal saline, lactated Ringer's
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-type
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result
component:bloodOrdered	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether blood was ordered
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: blood-ordered
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:ecgDone	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether an ECG was done; the result itself is an EMDiagnosticReport
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: ecg-done
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:avpu	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — AVPU responsiveness
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: avpu
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: AVPU Scale Value Set (required)
component:pupilSizeLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil size in mm
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilSizeRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil size in mm
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilReactivityLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil reactivity
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:pupilReactivityRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil reactivity
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:movesExtremities	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Disability — limb(s) moved spontaneously (LUE/RUE/LLE/RLE); repeat the slice per limb
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: moves-extremities
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible)
component:fullyExposed	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Exposure — whether the patient was fully exposed
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fully-exposed
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​value[x]	Base	required	AVPU Scale Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-exam-1	error	Observation	The noFindingsOnExam extension must agree with whether any finding was coded: true only when no finding is present, false whenever a finding is coded.	(value.exists() or component.exists()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = false
em-exam-2	error	Observation	When no finding is coded, the noFindingsOnExam extension must be true.	(value.empty() and component.empty()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = true
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: em-exam-1, em-exam-2
Slices for extension		1..*	Extension	Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
extension:noFindingsOnExam	S	1..1	boolean	Explicit flag confirming this ABCDE letter was assessed and nothing abnormal was found URL: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam
status	S	1..1	code	Workflow status of the ABCDE finding Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which ABCDE letter this instance represents Binding: Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set (required)
subject	S	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Patient assessed
encounter	S	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]		1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	S	1..1	dateTime	When this ABCDE letter was assessed
performer	S	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who performed the assessment
value[x]	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	The primary abnormal finding for this ABCDE letter Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
note		0..*	Annotation	Free-text notes, e.g. intervention sizes/depths not captured structurally
hasMember	S	0..*	Reference(Observation)	Related Observations for this assessment, e.g. the GCS or respiratory-rate EMVitalSignsObservation
Slices for component	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this ABCDE letter Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:airwayObstructionCause	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Airway — cause of obstruction, angioedema, stridor, voice change, or burns
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: airway-obstruction-cause
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:chestRisePattern	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — shallow, retractions, or paradoxical chest rise
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-rise-pattern
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:tracheaPosition	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — midline or deviated, and to which side
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: trachea-position
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:breathSoundsLeft	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — left-sided breath sounds
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-left
value[x]		0..1	string	Actual component result
component:breathSoundsRight	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — right-sided breath sounds
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-right
value[x]		0..1	string	Actual component result
component:capillaryRefillSeconds	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — capillary refill time in seconds
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: capillary-refill-seconds
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:skinFindings	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — warm/dry/pale/cyanotic/moist/cool skin findings
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: skin-findings
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:jvd	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — jugular venous distension present
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: jvd
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:pulses	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — pulse quality; use .note on the Observation for asymmetry/laterality detail
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pulses
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set (extensible)
component:fluidsGivenVolume	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — volume of IV fluids given
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-given-volume
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:fluidsType	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — type of IV fluid given, e.g. normal saline, lactated Ringer's
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-type
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result
component:bloodOrdered	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether blood was ordered
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: blood-ordered
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:ecgDone	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether an ECG was done; the result itself is an EMDiagnosticReport
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: ecg-done
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
component:avpu	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — AVPU responsiveness
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: avpu
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: AVPU Scale Value Set (required)
component:pupilSizeLeft	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil size in mm
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-left
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilSizeRight	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil size in mm
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-right
value[x]		0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
component:pupilReactivityLeft	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil reactivity
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-left
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:pupilReactivityRight	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil reactivity
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-right
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
component:movesExtremities	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Disability — limb(s) moved spontaneously (LUE/RUE/LLE/RLE); repeat the slice per limb
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: moves-extremities
value[x]		0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible)
component:fullyExposed	S	0..1	BackboneElement	Exposure — whether the patient was fully exposed
code		1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Required Pattern: At least the following
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fully-exposed
value[x]		0..1	boolean	Actual component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:avpu.​value[x]	Base	required	AVPU Scale Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
em-exam-1	error	Observation	The noFindingsOnExam extension must agree with whether any finding was coded: true only when no finding is present, false whenever a finding is coded.	(value.exists() or component.exists()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = false
em-exam-2	error	Observation	When no finding is coded, the noFindingsOnExam extension must be true.	(value.empty() and component.empty()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = true

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, em-exam-1, em-exam-2
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
Slices for extension		1..*	Extension	Extension Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
extension:noFindingsOnExam	S	1..1	boolean	Explicit flag confirming this ABCDE letter was assessed and nothing abnormal was found URL: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	Workflow status of the ABCDE finding Binding: ObservationStatus (required)
category	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Fixed to 'exam' Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: exam
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Which ABCDE letter this instance represents Binding: Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set (required)
subject	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Patient)	Patient assessed
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	SΣ	1..1	Reference(Encounter)	Associated encounter, typically EMEDEncounter
Slices for effective[x]	Σ	1..1	dateTime	Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Slice: Unordered, Closed by type:$this
effective[x]:effectiveDateTime	SΣ	1..1	dateTime	When this ABCDE letter was assessed
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣ	0..1	Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole)	Who performed the assessment
value[x]	SΣC	0..1	CodeableConcept	The primary abnormal finding for this ABCDE letter Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note		0..*	Annotation	Free-text notes, e.g. intervention sizes/depths not captured structurally
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method		0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen		0..1	Reference(Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	SΣ	0..*	Reference(Observation)	Related Observations for this assessment, e.g. the GCS or respiratory-rate EMVitalSignsObservation
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
Slices for component	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Structured findings specific to this ABCDE letter Slice: Unordered, Open by pattern:code
component:All Slices				Content/Rules for all slices
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:airwayObstructionCause	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Airway — cause of obstruction, angioedema, stridor, voice change, or burns
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: airway-obstruction-cause
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:chestRisePattern	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — shallow, retractions, or paradoxical chest rise
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: chest-rise-pattern
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:tracheaPosition	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — midline or deviated, and to which side
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: trachea-position
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:breathSoundsLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — left-sided breath sounds
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:breathSoundsRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Breathing — right-sided breath sounds
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: breath-sounds-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	string	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:capillaryRefillSeconds	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — capillary refill time in seconds
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: capillary-refill-seconds
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:skinFindings	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — warm/dry/pale/cyanotic/moist/cool skin findings
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: skin-findings
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:jvd	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — jugular venous distension present
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: jvd
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pulses	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — pulse quality; use .note on the Observation for asymmetry/laterality detail
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pulses
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:fluidsGivenVolume	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — volume of IV fluids given
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-given-volume
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:fluidsType	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — type of IV fluid given, e.g. normal saline, lactated Ringer's
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fluids-type
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:bloodOrdered	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether blood was ordered
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: blood-ordered
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:ecgDone	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Circulation — whether an ECG was done; the result itself is an EMDiagnosticReport
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: ecg-done
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:avpu	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — AVPU responsiveness
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: avpu
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: AVPU Scale Value Set (required)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilSizeLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil size in mm
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilSizeRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil size in mm
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-size-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	Quantity	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilReactivityLeft	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — left pupil reactivity
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-left
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:pupilReactivityRight	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Disability — right pupil reactivity
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: pupil-reactivity-right
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTClinicalFindings (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:movesExtremities	SΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Disability — limb(s) moved spontaneously (LUE/RUE/LLE/RLE); repeat the slice per limb
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: moves-extremities
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	CodeableConcept	Actual component result Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible)
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
component:fullyExposed	SΣ	0..1	BackboneElement	Exposure — whether the patient was fully exposed
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	Σ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations. Required Pattern: At least the following
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/CodeSystem/em-abcde-field
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: fully-exposed
display		0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
value[x]	Σ	0..1	boolean	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.language	Base	preferred	Common Languages	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	required	Emergency ABCDE Assessment Component Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite	Base	example	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type	Base	preferred	Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo	Base	example	Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:airwayObstructionCause.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:chestRisePattern.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:tracheaPosition.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsLeft.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:breathSoundsRight.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:capillaryRefillSeconds.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:skinFindings.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:jvd.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​value[x]	Base	extensible	Emergency Vital Sign Qualitative State Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:pulses.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pulses.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsGivenVolume.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fluidsType.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:bloodOrdered.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:ecgDone.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​value[x]	Base	required	AVPU Scale Value Set	📦0.1.0	This IG
Observation.component:avpu.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:avpu.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeLeft.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilSizeRight.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityLeft.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Clinical Findings	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:pupilReactivityRight.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​value[x]	Base	extensible	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📦4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:movesExtremities.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​code	Base	example	LOINC Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component:fullyExposed.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
em-exam-1	error	Observation	The noFindingsOnExam extension must agree with whether any finding was coded: true only when no finding is present, false whenever a finding is coded.	(value.exists() or component.exists()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = false
em-exam-2	error	Observation	When no finding is coded, the noFindingsOnExam extension must be true.	(value.empty() and component.empty()) implies extension.where(url = 'https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam').value.ofType(boolean) = true
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 7 elements
Must-Support: 31 elements

Extensions

This structure refers to these extensions:

• https://fhir.dha.go.ke/ig/emergency/StructureDefinition/em-no-findings-on-exam

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.effective[x]
• The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.component