CDA Examples
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CDA Examples, published by Health Level Seven. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/CDA-Examples/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Example: Results with less than specific value

Approval Status: Approved
Task Force Approval: 2013-12-15
SDWG Approval: 2015-04-16, 2015-11-12, 2016-12-01

This is an example of how to encode "less than or equal to" a specific range when returned from lab equipment. The example is for BNP, an immunoassay where the lower threshold for detection is often 5 pg/mL. The lower bound of the interval is zero in this example, even though this is none may be specified, since zero is the lower bound for measures of physical quantity. This example also includes a structured reference range.

This file includes examples of the following templates: 


<section xmlns="urn:hl7-org:v3">
  <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.3.1"/>
  <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.3.1" extension="2015-08-01"/>
  <!--  Results Section with Coded Entries Required -->
  <code displayName="Relevant diagnostic tests and/or laboratory data"
        codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" code="30954-2"/>
  <title>Results</title>
  <text>
    <table border="1">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>Description</th>
          <th>Value / Unit</th>
          <th>Interpretation</th>
          <th>Reference Range</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th colspan="4">Natriuretic Peptide B [Mass/Volume] In Blood at 10-20-2013 9:08a</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td ID="SomeReferenceGoesHere2">Natriuretic Peptide B [Mass/Volume] In Blood</td>
          <td><= 5pg/dL</td>
          <td>Normal</td>
          <td>0-100 pg/dL</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </text>
  <entry>
    <organizer moodCode="EVN" classCode="BATTERY">
      <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.1"/>
      <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.1"
                  extension="2015-08-01"/>
      <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.1"
                  extension="2023-05-01"/>
      <id root="df0f809e-f0a9-4a30-aad0-92b5cc868b67"/>
      <code displayName="Natriuretic Peptide B [Mass/Volume] In Blood"
            codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" code="42637-9"/>
      <statusCode code="completed"/>
      <effectiveTime>
        <low value="20131020090800-0500"/>
        <high value="20131020090800-0500"/>
      </effectiveTime>
      <component>
        <observation moodCode="EVN" classCode="OBS">
          <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.2"/>
          <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.2"
                      extension="2015-08-01"/>
          <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.2"
                      extension="2023-05-01"/>
          <id root="df0f809e-f0a9-4a30-aad0-92b5cc868b67"/>
          <code xsi:type="CD"
                displayName="Natriuretic Peptide B [Mass/Volume] In Blood" codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"
                code="42637-9"/>
          <text xsi:type="ED">
            <reference value="#SomeReferenceGoesHere2"/>
          </text>
          <statusCode code="completed"/>
          <effectiveTime value="20131020090800-0500"/>
          <!--  Representing a result of less than with type of interval  -->
          <value xsi:type="IVL_PQ">
            <!--  The lower bound for most physical measures of less than will be zero -->
            <!--  Note that if the inclusive attribute is not specified, then it defaults to true  -->
            <low value="0" unit="pg/mL" inclusive="true"/>
            <!--  The upper bound is based upon information returned in lab result, such as less than or equal to 5pg/mL (Note this is different than less than) -->
            <!--  Note that if the inclusive attribute is not specified, then it defaults to true  -->
            <high value="5" unit="pg/mL" inclusive="true"/>
          </value>
          <interpretationCode displayName="Normal"
                              codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.83" code="N"/>
          <referenceRange>
            <observationRange>
              <!--  Reference ranges can be expressed as structured physical quantity interval -->
              <value xsi:type="IVL_PQ">
                <low value="0" unit="pg/mL"/>
                <high value="100" unit="pg/mL"/>
              </value>
              <!--  This interpretation code denotes that this reference range is for normal results. This is not the interpretation a specific patient value -->
              <interpretationCode displayName="Normal"
                                  codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.83" code="N"/>
            </observationRange>
          </referenceRange>
        </observation>
      </component>
    </organizer>
  </entry>
</section>