Australian Digital Health Agency FHIR Implementation Guide, published by Australian Digital Health Agency. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.2.0-ci-build built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/AuDigitalHealth/ci-fhir-r4/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: ADHA Simple Observation ( Experimental )

Official URL: http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/fhir/StructureDefinition/dh-observation-simple-1 Version: 0.1.3
Draft as of 2024-12-19 Computable Name: ADHAObservationSimple

Copyright/Legal: Copyright © 2022 Australian Digital Health Agency - All rights reserved. This content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

The purpose of this profile is to provide a representation of an observation, for simple measurements or assertions, for the electronic exchange of health information between individuals, healthcare providers, and the My Health Record system infrastructure in Australia.

This profile identifies the additional constraints, extensions, and value sets that build on and extend Observation that are supported.

This profile is designed to set an Observation standard for:

  • TBD

This profile may be referred to by APIs, which will be listed here when available.

Profile specific guidance

  • Observation.category provides an efficient way of supporting system interactions, e.g. restricting searches. Implementers need to understand that data categorisation is somewhat subjective. The categorisation applied by the source may not align with a receiver’s expectations.
  • Antenatal observations will represent the pregnant individual as Observation.subject and the fetus as Observation.focus.

Usage:

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

This structure is derived from Observation

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation 0..* Observation Measurements and simple assertions
... status S 1..1 code registered | preliminary | final | amended +
... category S 1..* CodeableConcept Classification of type of observation
... code S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of observation (code / type)
... encounter S 0..1 Reference(ADHA Core Encounter) Healthcare event during which this observation is made
... effective[x] SC 1..1 dateTime, Period, Timing, instant Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
... performer SC 1..* Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson) Who is responsible for the observation
inv-dh-obs-02: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... value[x] S 0..1 Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period Actual result
... dataAbsentReason S 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
... note S 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation

doco Documentation for this format

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
inv-dh-obs-01errorObservation.subjectAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-02errorObservation.performerAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-07errorObservation.effective[x]Date shall be at least to day
: $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation C 0..* Observation Measurements and simple assertions
dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management
obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present
obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
... status ?!SΣ 1..1 code registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... subject SΣC 1..1 Reference(ADHA Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(ADHA Core Encounter) Healthcare event during which this observation is made
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... effective[x] SΣC 1..1 Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... performer SΣC 1..* Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson) Who is responsible for the observation
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
inv-dh-obs-02: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 Actual result
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... valueQuantity Quantity
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
.... valueString string
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... note S 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSetURI
Observation.statusrequiredObservationStatus
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.categorypreferredObservationCategoryCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.codeexampleLOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason
from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
inv-dh-obs-01errorObservation.subjectAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-02errorObservation.performerAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-07errorObservation.effective[x]Date shall be at least to day
: $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation C 0..* Observation Measurements and simple assertions
obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present
obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta Σ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1 code Language of the resource content
Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.

Additional BindingsPurpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Business Identifier for observation
... basedOn Σ 0..* Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) Fulfills plan, proposal or order
... partOf Σ 0..* Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy) Part of referenced event
... status ?!SΣ 1..1 code registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.

... category S 1..* CodeableConcept Classification of type of observation
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.


... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.

... subject SΣC 1..1 Reference(ADHA Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... focus Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(ADHA Core Encounter) Healthcare event during which this observation is made
... effective[x] SΣC 1..1 Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... issued Σ 0..1 instant Date/Time this version was made available
... performer SΣC 1..* Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson) Who is responsible for the observation
inv-dh-obs-02: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 Actual result
.... valueQuantity Quantity
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
.... valueString string
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.

... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.


... note S 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation
... bodySite 0..1 CodeableConcept Observed body part
Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.

... method 0..1 CodeableConcept How it was done
Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.

... specimen 0..1 Reference(Specimen) Specimen used for this observation
... device 0..1 Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) (Measurement) Device
... referenceRange C 0..* BackboneElement Provides guide for interpretation
obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... low C 0..1 SimpleQuantity Low Range, if relevant
.... high C 0..1 SimpleQuantity High Range, if relevant
.... type 0..1 CodeableConcept Reference range qualifier
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.

.... appliesTo 0..* CodeableConcept Reference range population
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.


.... age 0..1 Range Applicable age range, if relevant
.... text 0..1 string Text based reference range in an observation
... hasMember Σ 0..* Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
... derivedFrom Σ 0..* Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence) Related measurements the observation is made from
... component Σ 0..* BackboneElement Component results
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... code Σ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of component observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.

.... value[x] Σ 0..1 Actual component result
..... valueQuantity Quantity
..... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
..... valueString string
..... valueBoolean boolean
..... valueInteger integer
..... valueRange Range
..... valueRatio Ratio
..... valueSampledData SampledData
..... valueTime time
..... valueDateTime dateTime
..... valuePeriod Period
.... dataAbsentReason C 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the component result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.

.... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.


.... referenceRange 0..* See referenceRange (Observation) Provides guide for interpretation of component result

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSetURI
Observation.languagepreferredCommonLanguages
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages
from the FHIR Standard
Additional Bindings Purpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.statusrequiredObservationStatus
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.categorypreferredObservationCategoryCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.codeexampleLOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretationextensibleObservationInterpretationCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySiteexampleSNOMEDCTBodyStructures
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.methodexampleObservationMethods
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.typepreferredObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesToexampleObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.codeexampleLOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretationextensibleObservationInterpretationCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation
from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
inv-dh-obs-01errorObservation.subjectAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-02errorObservation.performerAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-07errorObservation.effective[x]Date shall be at least to day
: $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation 0..* Observation Measurements and simple assertions
... status S 1..1 code registered | preliminary | final | amended +
... category S 1..* CodeableConcept Classification of type of observation
... code S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of observation (code / type)
... encounter S 0..1 Reference(ADHA Core Encounter) Healthcare event during which this observation is made
... effective[x] SC 1..1 dateTime, Period, Timing, instant Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
... performer SC 1..* Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson) Who is responsible for the observation
inv-dh-obs-02: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... value[x] S 0..1 Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period Actual result
... dataAbsentReason S 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
... note S 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation

doco Documentation for this format

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
inv-dh-obs-01errorObservation.subjectAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-02errorObservation.performerAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-07errorObservation.effective[x]Date shall be at least to day
: $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Key Elements View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation C 0..* Observation Measurements and simple assertions
dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management
obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present
obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
... status ?!SΣ 1..1 code registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... subject SΣC 1..1 Reference(ADHA Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(ADHA Core Encounter) Healthcare event during which this observation is made
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... effective[x] SΣC 1..1 Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... performer SΣC 1..* Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson) Who is responsible for the observation
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
inv-dh-obs-02: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 Actual result
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
.... valueQuantity Quantity
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
.... valueString string
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.


ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
... note S 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSetURI
Observation.statusrequiredObservationStatus
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.categorypreferredObservationCategoryCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.codeexampleLOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason
from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
inv-dh-obs-01errorObservation.subjectAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-02errorObservation.performerAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-07errorObservation.effective[x]Date shall be at least to day
: $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Snapshot View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraintsdoco
.. Observation C 0..* Observation Measurements and simple assertions
obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present
obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta Σ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1 code Language of the resource content
Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.

Additional BindingsPurpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Business Identifier for observation
... basedOn Σ 0..* Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) Fulfills plan, proposal or order
... partOf Σ 0..* Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy) Part of referenced event
... status ?!SΣ 1..1 code registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.

... category S 1..* CodeableConcept Classification of type of observation
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.


... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.

... subject SΣC 1..1 Reference(ADHA Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... focus Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(ADHA Core Encounter) Healthcare event during which this observation is made
... effective[x] SΣC 1..1 Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... issued Σ 0..1 instant Date/Time this version was made available
... performer SΣC 1..* Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson) Who is responsible for the observation
inv-dh-obs-02: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 Actual result
.... valueQuantity Quantity
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
.... valueString string
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.

... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.


... note S 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation
... bodySite 0..1 CodeableConcept Observed body part
Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.

... method 0..1 CodeableConcept How it was done
Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.

... specimen 0..1 Reference(Specimen) Specimen used for this observation
... device 0..1 Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) (Measurement) Device
... referenceRange C 0..* BackboneElement Provides guide for interpretation
obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... low C 0..1 SimpleQuantity Low Range, if relevant
.... high C 0..1 SimpleQuantity High Range, if relevant
.... type 0..1 CodeableConcept Reference range qualifier
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.

.... appliesTo 0..* CodeableConcept Reference range population
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.


.... age 0..1 Range Applicable age range, if relevant
.... text 0..1 string Text based reference range in an observation
... hasMember Σ 0..* Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
... derivedFrom Σ 0..* Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence) Related measurements the observation is made from
... component Σ 0..* BackboneElement Component results
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... code Σ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of component observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.

.... value[x] Σ 0..1 Actual component result
..... valueQuantity Quantity
..... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
..... valueString string
..... valueBoolean boolean
..... valueInteger integer
..... valueRange Range
..... valueRatio Ratio
..... valueSampledData SampledData
..... valueTime time
..... valueDateTime dateTime
..... valuePeriod Period
.... dataAbsentReason C 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the component result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.

.... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.


.... referenceRange 0..* See referenceRange (Observation) Provides guide for interpretation of component result

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

PathConformanceValueSetURI
Observation.languagepreferredCommonLanguages
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages
from the FHIR Standard
Additional Bindings Purpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.statusrequiredObservationStatus
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.categorypreferredObservationCategoryCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.codeexampleLOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.dataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretationextensibleObservationInterpretationCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySiteexampleSNOMEDCTBodyStructures
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.methodexampleObservationMethods
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.typepreferredObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesToexampleObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.codeexampleLOINCCodes (a valid code from LOINC)
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.dataAbsentReasonextensibleDataAbsentReason
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason
from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretationextensibleObservationInterpretationCodes
http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation
from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

IdGradePath(s)DetailsRequirements
inv-dh-obs-01errorObservation.subjectAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-02errorObservation.performerAt least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
: reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-07errorObservation.effective[x]Date shall be at least to day
: $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

 

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron

Notes:

Below is an overview of the mandatory and optional search parameters. FHIR search operations and the syntax used to describe the interactions is described here.

Name Type Conformance Description Path
category token SHALL The classification of the type of observation Observation.category
subject:identifier token SHALL The subject that the observation is about Observation.subject.identifier
code token SHALL The code of the observation type Observation.code
date date SHALL Obtained date/time. If the obtained element is a period, a date that falls in the period Observation.effective
status date SHOULD The status of the observation Observation.status

Mandatory Search Parameters

The following search parameters and search parameter combinations SHALL be supported:

  1. SHALL support searching for all observations for a patient using the subject:identifier search parameter:

    GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier={system|}[code]

    Example:

     GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier=http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/id/hi/ihi/1.0|8003608000228437

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources for the specified patient (how to search by :identifier)

  2. SHALL support searching using the combination subject:identifier and category search parameter:

    GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier={system|}[code]&category[code]

    Example:

     GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier=http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/id/hi/ihi/1.0|8003608000228437&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|vital-signs

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources with the category of "vital-signs" for the specified patient (how to search by :identifier and how to search by token)

  3. SHALL support searching using the combination subject:identifier and code search parameter:

    GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier={system|}[code]&code={system|}[code]

    Example:

     GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier=http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/id/hi/ihi/1.0|8003608000228437&code=http://snomed.info/sct|50373000

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources with the code of an 50373000 (Body height measure) for the specified patient (how to search by :identifier and how to search by token)

  4. SHALL support searching using the combination of the subject:identifier and date search parameters:

    GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier={system|}[code]&date=[date]

    Example:

     GET [base]/Observation?subject:identifier=http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/id/hi/ihi/1.0|8003608000228437&date=ge2013-03-14

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of all Observation resources for the specified patient that have a date greater than or equal to 14 March 2013. (how to search by :identifier and how to search by date)