Australian Digital Health Agency FHIR Implementation Guide

This profile identifies the additional constraints, extensions, and value sets that build on and extend Observation that are supported.

This profile is designed to set an Observation standard for:

• Query for pathology related tests results for a patient
• Record or update pathology results belonging to a patient

This profile may be referred to by APIs, which will be listed here when available.

Profile specific guidance

• Observation.category provides an efficient way of supporting system interactions, e.g. restricting searches to “laboratory” observations. Implementers need to understand that data categorisation is somewhat subjective. The categorisation applied by the source may not align with a receiver’s expectations.
• The Observation resource can represent a result using one or both of a single value with Observation.value, or set of results using either Observation.component.value or Observation.hasMember.
  • Although all are marked as must support, sending systems are not required to support all choices, but they SHALL support at least one of these elements.
  • A receiving or persisting system SHALL support both elements.
• Observation.identifier may contain the same identifier as in the order or report connecting the resources that are related to a single request fulfilment workflow.

• Differential Table
• Key Elements Table
• Snapshot Table
• Statistics/References
• All

This structure is derived from AUBasePathologyResult

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	AUBasePathologyResult	A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context inv-dh-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
identifier	S	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
status	S	1..1	code	preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus Result Available (required)
category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
subject	SC	1..1	Reference(ADHA Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
effective[x]	SC	1..1	dateTime, Period	Time of specimen collection inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
performer	SC	1..*	Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation inv-dh-obs-03: At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present
value[x]	SC	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual result
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
method	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(ADHA Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
reference		1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
referenceRange	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation
low	S	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	S	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier
text	S	0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	S	0..*	Reference(ADHA Pathology Result Observation)	Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
reference		1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
component	SC	0..*	BackboneElement	Individual tests in a group or panel inv-dh-obs-06: The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
value[x]	SC	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatusResultAvailable https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/observationstatus-result-available-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
inv-dh-obs-01	error	Observation.subject	At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-03	error	Observation.performer	At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or display.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
inv-dh-obs-06	error	Observation.component	The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()
inv-dh-obs-07	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	AUBasePathologyResult	A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present inv-obs-0: A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason inv-dh-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
identifier	SΣ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus Result Available (required) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
category:lab		1..1	CodeableConcept	Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
coding	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Fixed Value: laboratory
category:specificDiscipline		0..*	CodeableConcept	Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible) Additional Bindings Purpose RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Haematology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
subject	SΣC	1..1	Reference(ADHA Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1		Time of specimen collection ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
performer	SΣC	1..*	Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-03: At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
method	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(ADHA Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
referenceRange	SC	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
low	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
high	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
type	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
text	S	0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
hasMember	SΣC	0..*	Reference(ADHA Pathology Result Observation)	Individual observations in a group, study, or panel ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
component	SΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Individual tests in a group or panel ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-06: The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual component result ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatusResultAvailable https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/observationstatus-result-available-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:lab	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:specificDiscipline	extensible	PathologyDiagnosticServiceCategory https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/pathology-diagnostic-service-category-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
inv-dh-obs-01	error	Observation.subject	At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-03	error	Observation.performer	At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or display.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
inv-dh-obs-06	error	Observation.component	The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()
inv-dh-obs-07	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	AUBasePathologyResult	A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present inv-obs-0: A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason inv-dh-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	SΣ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus Result Available (required)
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:lab		1..1	CodeableConcept	Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
category:specificDiscipline		0..*	CodeableConcept	Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0074
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	0..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible) Additional Bindings Purpose RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Haematology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component
subject	SΣC	1..1	Reference(ADHA Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1		Time of specimen collection inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣC	1..*	Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation inv-dh-obs-03: At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(ADHA Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display	Σ	0..1	string	Text alternative for the resource
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	SC	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text	S	0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	SΣC	0..*	Reference(ADHA Pathology Result Observation)	Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display	Σ	0..1	string	Text alternative for the resource
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Individual tests in a group or panel inv-dh-obs-06: The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatusResultAvailable https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/observationstatus-result-available-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:lab	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:specificDiscipline	extensible	PathologyDiagnosticServiceCategory https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/pathology-diagnostic-service-category-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.specimen.type	extensible	ResourceType http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard
Observation.hasMember.type	extensible	ResourceType http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
inv-dh-obs-01	error	Observation.subject	At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-03	error	Observation.performer	At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or display.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
inv-dh-obs-06	error	Observation.component	The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()
inv-dh-obs-07	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Differential View

This structure is derived from AUBasePathologyResult

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	AUBasePathologyResult	A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context inv-dh-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
identifier	S	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
status	S	1..1	code	preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus Result Available (required)
category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
subject	SC	1..1	Reference(ADHA Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
effective[x]	SC	1..1	dateTime, Period	Time of specimen collection inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
performer	SC	1..*	Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation inv-dh-obs-03: At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present
value[x]	SC	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual result
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
method	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(ADHA Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
reference		1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
referenceRange	S	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation
low	S	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	S	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier
text	S	0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	S	0..*	Reference(ADHA Pathology Result Observation)	Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
reference		1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
component	SC	0..*	BackboneElement	Individual tests in a group or panel inv-dh-obs-06: The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason
code	S	1..1	CodeableConcept	Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
value[x]	SC	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Actual component result
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatusResultAvailable https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/observationstatus-result-available-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
inv-dh-obs-01	error	Observation.subject	At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-03	error	Observation.performer	At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or display.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
inv-dh-obs-06	error	Observation.component	The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()
inv-dh-obs-07	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Key Elements View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	AUBasePathologyResult	A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present inv-obs-0: A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason inv-dh-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
identifier	SΣ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus Result Available (required) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
category:lab		1..1	CodeableConcept	Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
coding	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children Fixed Value: laboratory
category:specificDiscipline		0..*	CodeableConcept	Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible) Additional Bindings Purpose RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Haematology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
subject	SΣC	1..1	Reference(ADHA Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1		Time of specimen collection ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
performer	SΣC	1..*	Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-03: At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
method	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(ADHA Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
referenceRange	SC	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
low	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
high	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
type	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
text	S	0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
hasMember	SΣC	0..*	Reference(ADHA Pathology Result Observation)	Individual observations in a group, study, or panel ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
component	SΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Individual tests in a group or panel ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children inv-dh-obs-06: The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible) ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual component result ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing. ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatusResultAvailable https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/observationstatus-result-available-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:lab	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:specificDiscipline	extensible	PathologyDiagnosticServiceCategory https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/pathology-diagnostic-service-category-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
inv-dh-obs-01	error	Observation.subject	At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-03	error	Observation.performer	At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or display.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
inv-dh-obs-06	error	Observation.component	The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()
inv-dh-obs-07	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

Snapshot View

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints
Observation	C	0..*	AUBasePathologyResult	A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present inv-obs-0: A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason inv-dh-obs-05: If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	SΣ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest)	Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SΣ	1..1	code	preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus Result Available (required)
Slices for category	S	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
category:lab		1..1	CodeableConcept	Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
category:specificDiscipline		0..*	CodeableConcept	Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0074
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	0..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible) Additional Bindings Purpose RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Haematology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Terminology Reference Set Component RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Terminology Reference Set Component
subject	SΣC	1..1	Reference(ADHA Core Patient)	Who and/or what the observation is about inv-dh-obs-01: At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Encounter)	Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x]	SΣC	1..1		Time of specimen collection inv-dh-obs-07: Date shall be at least to day
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	SΣC	1..*	Reference(ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole | ADHA Core Organization | ADHA Core Patient | ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson)	Who is responsible for the observation inv-dh-obs-03: At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation	S	0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note	S	0..*	Annotation	Comments about the observation
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen	S	0..1	Reference(ADHA Core Specimen)	Specimen used for this observation
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display	Σ	0..1	string	Text alternative for the resource
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	SC	0..*	BackboneElement	Provides guide for interpretation obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	Low Range, if relevant
high	SC	0..1	SimpleQuantity	High Range, if relevant
type	S	0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text	S	0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	SΣC	0..*	Reference(ADHA Pathology Result Observation)	Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference	ΣC	1..1	string	Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
type	Σ	0..1	uri	Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier	Σ	0..1	Identifier	Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display	Σ	0..1	string	Text alternative for the resource
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SΣC	0..*	BackboneElement	Individual tests in a group or panel inv-dh-obs-06: The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣ	1..1	CodeableConcept	Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
value[x]	SΣC	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	SC	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Conformance	ValueSet	URI
Observation.language	preferred	CommonLanguages http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages from the FHIR Standard Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
Observation.status	required	ObservationStatusResultAvailable https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/observationstatus-result-available-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.category	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:lab	preferred	ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category from the FHIR Standard
Observation.category:specificDiscipline	extensible	PathologyDiagnosticServiceCategory https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/pathology-diagnostic-service-category-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard
Observation.bodySite	example	SNOMEDCTBodyStructures http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site from the FHIR Standard
Observation.method	example	ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods from the FHIR Standard
Observation.specimen.type	extensible	ResourceType http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.type	preferred	ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning from the FHIR Standard
Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo	example	ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto from the FHIR Standard
Observation.hasMember.type	extensible	ResourceType http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.code	extensible	RCPASPIAPathologyReporting https://healthterminologies.gov.au/fhir/ValueSet/spia-pathology-reporting-1 from https://tx.ontoserver.csiro.au/fhir
Observation.component.dataAbsentReason	extensible	DataAbsentReason http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason from the FHIR Standard
Observation.component.interpretation	extensible	ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation from the FHIR Standard

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Details	Requirements
inv-dh-obs-01	error	Observation.subject	At least reference or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-03	error	Observation.performer	At least reference or display or a valid identifier shall be present : reference.exists() or display.exists() or identifier.where(system.count() + value.count() >1).exists()
inv-dh-obs-05	error	Observation	If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present : (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
inv-dh-obs-06	error	Observation.component	The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason : value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()
inv-dh-obs-07	error	Observation.effective[x]	Date shall be at least to day : $this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10

This structure is derived from AUBasePathologyResult

Summary

Mandatory: 1 element(2 nested mandatory elements)
Must-Support: 23 elements

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

• ADHA Core Patient (http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/fhir/StructureDefinition/dh-patient-core-1)
• ADHA Authoring PractitionerRole (http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/fhir/StructureDefinition/dh-practitionerrole-author-1)
• ADHA Core Organization (http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/fhir/StructureDefinition/dh-organization-core-1)
• ADHA Authoring RelatedPerson (http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/fhir/StructureDefinition/dh-relatedperson-author-1)
• ADHA Core Specimen (http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/fhir/StructureDefinition/dh-specimen-core-1)
• ADHA Pathology Result Observation (http://ns.electronichealth.net.au/fhir/StructureDefinition/dh-observation-diagnosticresult-path-1)