2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids Implementation Guide
2022.1.0 - CI Build
2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids Implementation Guide
2022.1.0 - CI Build
2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids Implementation Guide, published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 2022.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/cqframework/opioid-cds-r4/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
| Draft as of 2024-04-22 |
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"div" : "<div xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n <table class=\"grid dict\">\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Id: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">opioidcds-11-patient-view</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Url: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><a href=\"PlanDefinition-opioidcds-11-patient-view.html\">Recommendation #11 - Concurrent Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines (patient-view)</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Version: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">2022.1.0</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Identifier: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <b>value: </b> <span>cdc-opioid-guidance</span>\n </p>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Name: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">PlanDefinition_Recommendation_11_Patient_View</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Title: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">Recommendation #11 - Concurrent Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines (patient-view)</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Status: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">draft</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Experimental: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">true</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Type: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n \n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <b>system: </b> <span><a href=\"http://terminology.hl7.org/5.5.0/CodeSystem-plan-definition-type.html\">PlanDefinitionType</a></span>\n </p>\n \n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <b>code: </b> <span>eca-rule</span>\n </p>\n \n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <b>display: </b> <span>ECA Rule</span>\n </p>\n \n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Date: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">2024-04-22</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Publisher: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Description: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">Clinicians should use particular caution when prescribing opioid pain medication and benzodiazepines concurrently and consider whether benefits outweigh risks of concurrent prescribing of opioids and other central nervous system depressants.</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><a name=\"effective-data-requirements\"> </a><b>Logic Definitions: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>Active Ambulatory Benzodiazepine or CNS Depressant Rx</td>\n \n \n <td>0</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Active Ambulatory Benzodiazepine or CNS Depressant Rx&quot;:\n if Config.&quot;Can the implementing EHR support queries for past medications by date range?&quot; then\n (\n &quot;Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code&quot;(&quot;Active Medication List&quot;)\n ) Rx\n where date from Rx.authoredOn 2 years or less on or before Today()\n and Rx.medication in &quot;Benzodiazepine medications&quot;\n or Rx.medication in &quot;CNS Depressant Medications&quot;\n else\n List&lt;FHIR.MedicationRequest&gt;{}</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx</td>\n \n \n <td>1</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx&quot;:\n if Config.&quot;Can the implementing EHR support queries for past medications by date range?&quot; then\n (\n &quot;Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code&quot;(&quot;Get Active Ambulatory Medication Requests&quot;([MedicationRequest]))\n ) Rx\n where date from Rx.authoredOn 2 years or less on or before Today()\n and Rx.medication in &quot;Opioid analgesics with ambulatory misuse potential&quot;\n else\n List&lt;FHIR.MedicationRequest&gt;{}</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSRoutines</td>\n \n \n <td>Patient Age Less Than 18</td>\n \n \n <td>2</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Patient Age Less Than 18&quot;:\n if (Config.&quot;Age Less than 18 Years Is Enabled&quot;) then\n AgeInYearsAt(Today()) &lt; 18\n else\n false</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSRoutines</td>\n \n \n <td>Condition Positive for Sickle Cell</td>\n \n \n <td>3</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Condition Positive for Sickle Cell&quot;:\n if (Config.&quot;Sickle Cell Check Enabled&quot;) then\n exists(\n Common.&quot;Positive Sickle Cell Condition&quot;\n ) else\n false</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>US Core-Categorized Conditions</td>\n \n \n <td>4</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">// 3. Medications indicating end of life\n /* or exists (\n &quot;Medications Indicating End of Life&quot;\n ) */\ndefine &quot;US Core-Categorized Conditions&quot;:\n [Condition: category in &quot;Encounter Diagnosis Condition Category&quot;]\n union [Condition: category in &quot;Problem List Condition Category&quot;]\n union [Condition: category in &quot;US Core Health Concern Condition Category&quot;]</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSRoutines</td>\n \n \n <td>Conditions Indicating End Of Life Present</td>\n \n \n <td>5</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Conditions Indicating End Of Life Present&quot;:\n exists (\n Common.&quot;US Core-Categorized Conditions&quot; LLEC\n where LLEC.code in Common.&quot;Limited life expectancy conditions&quot;\n and LLEC.clinicalStatus in Common.&quot;Active Condition&quot;\n )</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSRoutines</td>\n \n \n <td>Is Active Cancer Treatment?</td>\n \n \n <td>6</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Is Active Cancer Treatment?&quot;:\n if (Config.&quot;Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled&quot;) then\n &quot;Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period&quot;\n else\n false</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSRoutines</td>\n \n \n <td>Conditions Including Cancer To Exclude Opioid Management Indicating End-Stage Disease Present</td>\n \n \n <td>7</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Conditions Including Cancer To Exclude Opioid Management Indicating End-Stage Disease Present&quot;:\n if (Config.&quot;End-Stage Disease Criteria Enabled&quot;) then\n exists (\n Common.&quot;US Core-Categorized Conditions&quot; EOLC\n where EOLC.code in Common.&quot;Conditions likely terminal for opioid prescribing&quot;\n and EOLC.clinicalStatus in Common.&quot;Active Condition&quot;\n )\n else\n false</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSRoutines</td>\n \n \n <td>Is Opioid Review Useful?</td>\n \n \n <td>8</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Is Opioid Review Useful?&quot;:\n not &quot;Patient Age Less Than 18&quot;\n and not &quot;Condition Positive for Sickle Cell&quot;\n and not &quot;Conditions Indicating End Of Life Present&quot;\n and not &quot;Is Active Cancer Treatment?&quot;\n and not &quot;Conditions Including Cancer To Exclude Opioid Management Indicating End-Stage Disease Present&quot;</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSREC11PatientView</td>\n \n \n <td>Inclusion Criteria</td>\n \n \n <td>9</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Inclusion Criteria&quot;:\n (\n exists (Common.&quot;Active Ambulatory Benzodiazepine or CNS Depressant Rx&quot;)\n and exists (Common.&quot;Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx&quot;)\n ) and Routines.&quot;Is Opioid Review Useful?&quot;</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>Conditions Indicating End of Life or With Limited Life Expectancy</td>\n \n \n <td>10</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Conditions Indicating End of Life or With Limited Life Expectancy&quot;:\n (\n &quot;US Core-Categorized Conditions&quot; C\n where C.code in &quot;Conditions likely terminal for opioid prescribing&quot;\n and C.clinicalStatus in &quot;Active Condition&quot;\n )\n union\n (\n &quot;US Core-Categorized Conditions&quot; C\n where C.code in &quot;Limited life expectancy conditions&quot;\n and C.clinicalStatus in &quot;Active Condition&quot;\n )</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>Admitted/Referred/Discharged to Hospice Care</td>\n \n \n <td>11</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Admitted/Referred/Discharged to Hospice Care&quot;:\n (\n if (Config.&quot;Hospice Findings Exclusion Enabled&quot;) then\n [Observation: code in &quot;Hospice Finding Codes&quot;] O\n where not (O.status.value in { 'unknown', 'entered-in-error', 'cancelled' })\n else\n {}\n )\n union\n (\n [Encounter] E\n where date from E.period.start 1 year or less on or before Today()\n and (\n if E.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition.coding is null\n or not exists (E.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition.coding)\n then false\n else E.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition in &quot;Hospice Disposition&quot;\n )\n and E.status.value in { 'planned', 'arrived', 'in-progress', 'finished', 'onleave' }\n )</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>End of Life Assessment</td>\n \n \n <td>12</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;End of Life Assessment&quot;:\n // 1. Conditions indicating end of life or with limited life expectancy\n exists (\n &quot;Conditions Indicating End of Life or With Limited Life Expectancy&quot;\n )\n // 2. Admitted/referred/discharged to hospice care\n or exists (\n &quot;Admitted/Referred/Discharged to Hospice Care&quot;\n )</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSREC11PatientView</td>\n \n \n <td>Exclusion Criteria</td>\n \n \n <td>13</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Exclusion Criteria&quot;:\n Common.&quot;End of Life Assessment&quot;</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>Library Name</b></th><th><b>Name</b></th><th><b>sequence</b></th></tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>OpioidCDSREC11PatientView</td>\n \n \n <td>Is Recommendation Applicable?</td>\n \n \n <td>14</td>\n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define &quot;Is Recommendation Applicable?&quot;:\n &quot;Inclusion Criteria&quot;\n and not &quot;Exclusion Criteria&quot;</code></pre>\n \n <br/><br/>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Knowledge Capability: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n shareable computable executable publishable \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Use Context: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr><th><b>code</b></th><th><b>value</b></th><th><b>display</b></th></tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>focus</td>\n <td>182888003</td>\n <td>Medication requested (situation)</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>focus</td>\n <td>82423001</td>\n <td>Chronic pain (finding)</td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Jurisdiction: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">US</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Purpose: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>The 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain is intended to improve communication between clinicians and patients about the benefits and risks of pain treatments, including opioid therapy; improve the effectiveness and safety of pain treatment; mitigate pain; improve function and quality of life for patients with pain; and reduce risks associated with opioid pain therapy, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death. The recommendations do not apply to pain related to sickle cell disease or cancer or to patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care.</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Usage: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">Clinicians should use particular caution when prescribing opioid pain medication and benzodiazepines concurrently. In addition, clinicians should consider whether benefits outweigh risks for concurrent use of opioids with other central nervous system depressants.</td>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Copyright: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>© CDC 2016+.</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Related Artifacts: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <p><b>Documentation</b></p>\n <ul>\n \n <li>\n <a href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/pdfs/rr7103a1-H.pdf\"> 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain</a>\n </li>\n \n </ul>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Libraries: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n \n <tr><td><a href=\"Library-OpioidCDSREC11PatientView.html\">Library - Recommendation #11 Patient View - Concurrent Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines</a></td></tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Actions: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n \n <tr>\n <td>\n <b> Use Particular Caution When Prescribing Opioid Pain Medication and Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concurrently:</b> Consider whether the benefits outweigh the risks of concurrently prescribing opioids and benzodiazepines, or other central nervous system depressant medications.\r\n\r\nWhen co-prescribing risks outweigh benefits, consult [Recommendation 11 of the 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=evidence%20type%3A%203).-,Implementation%20Considerations,-Although%20in%20some) for further guidance.\r\n\r\n[For patients being treated for opioid use disorder who are also taking benzodiazepines or other medications that depress the central nervous system, the CDC recommends not withholding buprenorphine or methadone](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=gabapentin%20and%20pregabalin).-,Buprenorphine%20or%20methadone%20for%20opioid%20use%20disorder%20should%20not%20be%20withheld%20from%20patients%20taking%20benzodiazepines%20or%20other%20medications%20that%20depress%20the%20central%20nervous%20system.,-Clinicians%20should%20check).\r\n\r\nIf the decision is made to taper benzodiazepine medications, [the CDC recommends tapering benzodiazepines gradually prior to discontinuation](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=Clinicians%20should%20taper%20benzodiazepines%20gradually%20before%20discontinuation%20because%20abrupt%20withdrawal%20can%20be%20associated%20with%20rebound%20anxiety%2C%20hallucinations%2C%20seizures%2C%20delirium%20tremens%2C%20and%2C%20rarely%2C%20death.%20The%20rate%20of%20tapering%20should%20be%20individualized).<br/>\n <b>When:</b> <i>named-event:</i> patient-view<br/>\n <b>If:</b> <i>applicability:</i> Check whether the patient is using opioids concurrently with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system depressants and if an opioid review is appropriate. <i>(Is Recommendation Applicable?)</i><br/>\n <b>Then:</b>\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n \n <tr>\n <td>\n <b> :</b> Document - Will modify prescription<br/>\n \n \n <b>Then:</b>\n \n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>\n <b> :</b> Snooze* - Benefits outweigh risks, snooze 3 months<br/>\n \n \n <b>Then:</b>\n \n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>\n <b> :</b> Snooze* - N/A see comments, snooze 3 months<br/>\n \n \n <b>Then:</b>\n \n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n</div>"
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{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/cpg/StructureDefinition/cpg-knowledgeCapability",
"valueCode" : "executable"
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/cpg/StructureDefinition/cpg-knowledgeCapability",
"valueCode" : "publishable"
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-softwaresystem",
"valueReference" : {
🔗 "reference" : "Device/cqf-tooling"
}
},
{
"id" : "effective-data-requirements",
"url" : "http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/StructureDefinition/effectiveDataRequirements",
"valueReference" : {
"reference" : "#effective-data-requirements"
}
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Active Ambulatory Benzodiazepine or CNS Depressant Rx"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Active Ambulatory Benzodiazepine or CNS Depressant Rx\":\n if Config.\"Can the implementing EHR support queries for past medications by date range?\" then\n (\n \"Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code\"(\"Active Medication List\")\n ) Rx\n where date from Rx.authoredOn 2 years or less on or before Today()\n and Rx.medication in \"Benzodiazepine medications\"\n or Rx.medication in \"CNS Depressant Medications\"\n else\n List<FHIR.MedicationRequest>{}"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 0
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx\":\n if Config.\"Can the implementing EHR support queries for past medications by date range?\" then\n (\n \"Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code\"(\"Get Active Ambulatory Medication Requests\"([MedicationRequest]))\n ) Rx\n where date from Rx.authoredOn 2 years or less on or before Today()\n and Rx.medication in \"Opioid analgesics with ambulatory misuse potential\"\n else\n List<FHIR.MedicationRequest>{}"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 1
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSRoutines"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Patient Age Less Than 18"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Patient Age Less Than 18\":\n if (Config.\"Age Less than 18 Years Is Enabled\") then\n AgeInYearsAt(Today()) < 18\n else\n false"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 2
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSRoutines"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Condition Positive for Sickle Cell"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Condition Positive for Sickle Cell\":\n if (Config.\"Sickle Cell Check Enabled\") then\n exists(\n Common.\"Positive Sickle Cell Condition\"\n ) else\n false"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 3
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "US Core-Categorized Conditions"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "// 3. Medications indicating end of life\n /* or exists (\n \"Medications Indicating End of Life\"\n ) */\ndefine \"US Core-Categorized Conditions\":\n [Condition: category in \"Encounter Diagnosis Condition Category\"]\n union [Condition: category in \"Problem List Condition Category\"]\n union [Condition: category in \"US Core Health Concern Condition Category\"]"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 4
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSRoutines"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Conditions Indicating End Of Life Present"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Conditions Indicating End Of Life Present\":\n exists (\n Common.\"US Core-Categorized Conditions\" LLEC\n where LLEC.code in Common.\"Limited life expectancy conditions\"\n and LLEC.clinicalStatus in Common.\"Active Condition\"\n )"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 5
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSRoutines"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Is Active Cancer Treatment?"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Is Active Cancer Treatment?\":\n if (Config.\"Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled\") then\n \"Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period\"\n else\n false"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 6
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSRoutines"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Conditions Including Cancer To Exclude Opioid Management Indicating End-Stage Disease Present"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Conditions Including Cancer To Exclude Opioid Management Indicating End-Stage Disease Present\":\n if (Config.\"End-Stage Disease Criteria Enabled\") then\n exists (\n Common.\"US Core-Categorized Conditions\" EOLC\n where EOLC.code in Common.\"Conditions likely terminal for opioid prescribing\"\n and EOLC.clinicalStatus in Common.\"Active Condition\"\n )\n else\n false"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 7
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSRoutines"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Is Opioid Review Useful?"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Is Opioid Review Useful?\":\n not \"Patient Age Less Than 18\"\n and not \"Condition Positive for Sickle Cell\"\n and not \"Conditions Indicating End Of Life Present\"\n and not \"Is Active Cancer Treatment?\"\n and not \"Conditions Including Cancer To Exclude Opioid Management Indicating End-Stage Disease Present\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 8
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSREC11PatientView"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Inclusion Criteria"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Inclusion Criteria\":\n (\n exists (Common.\"Active Ambulatory Benzodiazepine or CNS Depressant Rx\")\n and exists (Common.\"Active Ambulatory Opioid Rx\")\n ) and Routines.\"Is Opioid Review Useful?\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 9
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Conditions Indicating End of Life or With Limited Life Expectancy"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Conditions Indicating End of Life or With Limited Life Expectancy\":\n (\n \"US Core-Categorized Conditions\" C\n where C.code in \"Conditions likely terminal for opioid prescribing\"\n and C.clinicalStatus in \"Active Condition\"\n )\n union\n (\n \"US Core-Categorized Conditions\" C\n where C.code in \"Limited life expectancy conditions\"\n and C.clinicalStatus in \"Active Condition\"\n )"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 10
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Admitted/Referred/Discharged to Hospice Care"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Admitted/Referred/Discharged to Hospice Care\":\n (\n if (Config.\"Hospice Findings Exclusion Enabled\") then\n [Observation: code in \"Hospice Finding Codes\"] O\n where not (O.status.value in { 'unknown', 'entered-in-error', 'cancelled' })\n else\n {}\n )\n union\n (\n [Encounter] E\n where date from E.period.start 1 year or less on or before Today()\n and (\n if E.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition.coding is null\n or not exists (E.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition.coding)\n then false\n else E.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition in \"Hospice Disposition\"\n )\n and E.status.value in { 'planned', 'arrived', 'in-progress', 'finished', 'onleave' }\n )"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 11
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "End of Life Assessment"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"End of Life Assessment\":\n // 1. Conditions indicating end of life or with limited life expectancy\n exists (\n \"Conditions Indicating End of Life or With Limited Life Expectancy\"\n )\n // 2. Admitted/referred/discharged to hospice care\n or exists (\n \"Admitted/Referred/Discharged to Hospice Care\"\n )"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 12
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSREC11PatientView"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Exclusion Criteria"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Exclusion Criteria\":\n Common.\"End of Life Assessment\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 13
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "OpioidCDSREC11PatientView"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Is Recommendation Applicable?"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Is Recommendation Applicable?\":\n \"Inclusion Criteria\"\n and not \"Exclusion Criteria\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 14
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"id" : "effective-data-requirements",
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-effectiveDataRequirements",
"valueReference" : {
"reference" : "#effective-data-requirements"
}
}
],
"url" : "http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/PlanDefinition/opioidcds-11-patient-view",
"identifier" : [
{
"use" : "official",
"value" : "cdc-opioid-guidance"
}
],
"version" : "2022.1.0",
"name" : "PlanDefinition_Recommendation_11_Patient_View",
"title" : "Recommendation #11 - Concurrent Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines (patient-view)",
"type" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/plan-definition-type",
"code" : "eca-rule",
"display" : "ECA Rule"
}
]
},
"status" : "draft",
"experimental" : true,
"date" : "2024-04-22",
"publisher" : "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)",
"contact" : [
{
"telecom" : [
{
"system" : "url",
"value" : "https://www.cdc.gov"
}
]
}
],
"description" : "Clinicians should use particular caution when prescribing opioid pain medication and benzodiazepines concurrently and consider whether benefits outweigh risks of concurrent prescribing of opioids and other central nervous system depressants.",
"useContext" : [
{
"code" : {
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/usage-context-type",
"code" : "focus",
"display" : "Clinical Focus"
},
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://snomed.info/sct",
"code" : "182888003",
"display" : "Medication requested (situation)"
}
]
}
},
{
"code" : {
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/usage-context-type",
"code" : "focus",
"display" : "Clinical Focus"
},
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://snomed.info/sct",
"code" : "82423001",
"display" : "Chronic pain (finding)"
}
]
}
}
],
"jurisdiction" : [
{
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "urn:iso:std:iso:3166",
"code" : "US",
"display" : "United States of America"
}
]
}
],
"purpose" : "The 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain is intended to improve communication between clinicians and patients about the benefits and risks of pain treatments, including opioid therapy; improve the effectiveness and safety of pain treatment; mitigate pain; improve function and quality of life for patients with pain; and reduce risks associated with opioid pain therapy, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death. The recommendations do not apply to pain related to sickle cell disease or cancer or to patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care.",
"usage" : "Clinicians should use particular caution when prescribing opioid pain medication and benzodiazepines concurrently. In addition, clinicians should consider whether benefits outweigh risks for concurrent use of opioids with other central nervous system depressants.",
"copyright" : "© CDC 2016+.",
"topic" : [
{
"text" : "Opioid Prescribing"
}
],
"author" : [
{
"name" : "Kensaku Kawamoto, MD, PhD, MHS"
},
{
"name" : "Bryn Rhodes"
},
{
"name" : "Floyd Eisenberg, MD, MPH"
},
{
"name" : "Robert McClure, MD, MPH"
}
],
"relatedArtifact" : [
{
"type" : "documentation",
"display" : "2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain",
"url" : "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/pdfs/rr7103a1-H.pdf",
"document" : {
"contentType" : "application/pdf",
"language" : "en-US",
"url" : "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/pdfs/rr7103a1-H.pdf"
}
}
],
"library" : [
🔗 "http://fhir.org/guides/cdc/opioid-cds/Library/OpioidCDSREC11PatientView"
],
"action" : [
{
"title" : "Use Particular Caution When Prescribing Opioid Pain Medication and Benzodiazepines or Other CNS Depressants Concurrently",
"description" : "Consider whether the benefits outweigh the risks of concurrently prescribing opioids and benzodiazepines, or other central nervous system depressant medications.\r\n\r\nWhen co-prescribing risks outweigh benefits, consult [Recommendation 11 of the 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=evidence%20type%3A%203).-,Implementation%20Considerations,-Although%20in%20some) for further guidance.\r\n\r\n[For patients being treated for opioid use disorder who are also taking benzodiazepines or other medications that depress the central nervous system, the CDC recommends not withholding buprenorphine or methadone](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=gabapentin%20and%20pregabalin).-,Buprenorphine%20or%20methadone%20for%20opioid%20use%20disorder%20should%20not%20be%20withheld%20from%20patients%20taking%20benzodiazepines%20or%20other%20medications%20that%20depress%20the%20central%20nervous%20system.,-Clinicians%20should%20check).\r\n\r\nIf the decision is made to taper benzodiazepine medications, [the CDC recommends tapering benzodiazepines gradually prior to discontinuation](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=Clinicians%20should%20taper%20benzodiazepines%20gradually%20before%20discontinuation%20because%20abrupt%20withdrawal%20can%20be%20associated%20with%20rebound%20anxiety%2C%20hallucinations%2C%20seizures%2C%20delirium%20tremens%2C%20and%2C%20rarely%2C%20death.%20The%20rate%20of%20tapering%20should%20be%20individualized).",
"priority" : "urgent",
"documentation" : [
{
"type" : "documentation",
"url" : "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#Recommendation11:~:text=nervous%20system%20depressants-,(recommendation%20category%3A%20B%3B%20evidence%20type%3A%203).,-Implementation%20Considerations",
"document" : {
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-strengthOfRecommendation",
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/recommendation-strength",
"code" : "weak",
"display" : "Weak"
}
]
}
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-qualityOfEvidence",
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/evidence-quality",
"code" : "low",
"display" : "Low quality"
}
]
}
}
],
"url" : "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#Recommendation11:~:text=nervous%20system%20depressants-,(recommendation%20category%3A%20B%3B%20evidence%20type%3A%203).,-Implementation%20Considerations"
}
}
],
"trigger" : [
{
"type" : "named-event",
"name" : "patient-view"
}
],
"condition" : [
{
"kind" : "applicability",
"expression" : {
"description" : "Check whether the patient is using opioids concurrently with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system depressants and if an opioid review is appropriate.",
"language" : "text/cql.identifier",
"expression" : "Is Recommendation Applicable?"
}
}
],
"groupingBehavior" : "visual-group",
"selectionBehavior" : "any",
"action" : [
{
"description" : "Document - Will modify prescription"
},
{
"description" : "Snooze* - Benefits outweigh risks, snooze 3 months"
},
{
"description" : "Snooze* - N/A see comments, snooze 3 months"
}
]
}
]
}