SNOMED CT Procedure (descendants of 71388002)

WHOICHIToSNOMED, published by Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting). This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/vadi2/snomed-procedure-ichi/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

ValueSet: SNOMED CT Procedure (descendants of 71388002) (Experimental)

Official URL: https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ValueSet/snomed-procedure-root				Version: 0.1.0	Highlight text changes?
Draft as of 2026-05-11					Computable Name: SnomedProcedureRoot

All descendants of SNOMED CT 71388002

Procedure (procedure)

, the source set covered by this map.

References

This value set is not used here; it may be used elsewhere (e.g. specifications and/or implementations that use this content)

Logical Definition (CLD)

Include codes fromhttp://snomed.info/sct version Not Stated (use latest from terminology server) where concept descends from 71388002 (Procedure)

Expansion

Expansion from tx.fhir.org based on SNOMED CT International edition 01-Feb 2025

This value set has >1000 codes in it. In order to keep the publication size manageable, only a selection (1000 codes) of the whole set of codes is shown

System	Code	Display (en)	SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Related mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)	SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Narrower mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)	SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Wider mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)	SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Equivalent mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)	SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)	SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Inexact mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)	SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Unmatched mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)	JSON	XML
`http://snomed.info/sct`	104001	Excision of lesion of patella
`http://snomed.info/sct`	115006	Removable appliance therapy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	119000	Thoracoscopic partial lobectomy of lung
`http://snomed.info/sct`	128004	Hand microscope examination of skin
`http://snomed.info/sct`	133000	Percutaneous implantation of neurostimulator electrodes into neuromuscular component			<ACA.DL.AE(ACA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the peripheral nervous system, which encompasses the neuromuscular component targeted in the SNOMED concept. Broader because the ICHI code applies to any device inserted into any peripheral nerve, not specifically neurostimulator electrodes for stimulation purposes.)		<ACA.DL.AE(ACA.DL.AE captures the percutaneous approach and device insertion into the peripheral nervous system, which encompasses the neuromuscular component targeted in the SNOMED concept. Broader because the ICHI code applies to any device inserted into any peripheral nerve, not specifically neurostimulator electrodes for stimulation purposes.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	135007	Arthrotomy of wrist joint with exploration and biopsy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	142007	Excision of tumor from shoulder area, deep, intramuscular			<MRM.JI.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies excision of a deep intramuscular tumor at the shoulder. ICHI has no shoulder-specific muscle excision code; MRM.JI.AA is the closest match but does not capture the shoulder-region specificity, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept.)		<MRM.JI.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies excision of a deep intramuscular tumor at the shoulder. ICHI has no shoulder-specific muscle excision code; MRM.JI.AA is the closest match but does not capture the shoulder-region specificity, making ICHI wider than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	146005	Repair of nonunion of metatarsal with bone graft
`http://snomed.info/sct`	153001	Cystourethroscopy with resection of ureterocele
`http://snomed.info/sct`	166001	Behavioral therapy					?VEL.PQ.ZZ(ICHI uses "psychotherapy" (action PQ) as the closest action code for behavioural therapeutic interventions, but this code restricts the target to psychological health and wellbeing behaviours, whereas SNOMED's "behavioral therapy" is broader and encompasses behaviour modification across any domain.)	?VEL.PQ.ZZ(ICHI uses "psychotherapy" (action PQ) as the closest action code for behavioural therapeutic interventions, but this code restricts the target to psychological health and wellbeing behaviours, whereas SNOMED's "behavioral therapy" is broader and encompasses behaviour modification across any domain.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	170009	Special potency disk identification, vancomycin test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	174000	Harrison-Richardson operation on vagina					?NMH.LC.AC(Colposuspension (Burch procedure) is classically an abdominal/retropubic procedure to elevate the vagina and bladder neck, while NMH.LC.AC specifically denotes the transvaginal approach; no ICHI code precisely captures the colposuspension technique, making this an approximate match.)	?NMH.LC.AC(Colposuspension (Burch procedure) is classically an abdominal/retropubic procedure to elevate the vagina and bladder neck, while NMH.LC.AC specifically denotes the transvaginal approach; no ICHI code precisely captures the colposuspension technique, making this an approximate match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	176003	Anastomosis of rectum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	189009	Excision of lesion of artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	197002	Mold to yeast conversion test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	230009	Miller operation, urethrovesical suspension			<NAK.LC.AA(The Miller operation is a specific eponymous open retropubic urethrovesical suspension, while NAK.LC.AA covers all bladder neck suspension procedures without distinguishing eponymous variants.)		<NAK.LC.AA(The Miller operation is a specific eponymous open retropubic urethrovesical suspension, while NAK.LC.AA covers all bladder neck suspension procedures without distinguishing eponymous variants.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	243009	Replacement of cerebral ventricular tube				~AAE.KA.AA(A cerebral ventricular tube (such as a ventriculostomy catheter or shunt tube) is a ventricular device, and AAE.KA.AA sits squarely within the "Interventions on ventricles of brain" block, providing a direct semantic match for replacement of a device within the cerebral ventricles.)	~AAE.KA.AA(A cerebral ventricular tube (such as a ventriculostomy catheter or shunt tube) is a ventricular device, and AAE.KA.AA sits squarely within the "Interventions on ventricles of brain" block, providing a direct semantic match for replacement of a device within the cerebral ventricles.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	245002	Division of nerve ganglion					?ACA.FB.AA(ICHI has no dedicated code for division of a nerve ganglion; ACA.FB.AA is the closest available code as ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. The match is imprecise because a ganglion is anatomically distinct from a nerve trunk.)	?ACA.FB.AA(ICHI has no dedicated code for division of a nerve ganglion; ACA.FB.AA is the closest available code as ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. The match is imprecise because a ganglion is anatomically distinct from a nerve trunk.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	262007	Percutaneous aspiration of renal pelvis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	267001	Anal fistulectomy, multiple
`http://snomed.info/sct`	285008	Incision and drainage of vulva
`http://snomed.info/sct`	294002	Excisional biopsy of joint structure of spine			<MRJ.AD.AA(ICHI has no spine-specific joint biopsy code; MRJ.AD.AA captures the joint biopsy action but is anatomically unspecified (not restricted to spinal joints), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI also does not distinguish excisional from other biopsy techniques.)		<MRJ.AD.AA(ICHI has no spine-specific joint biopsy code; MRJ.AD.AA captures the joint biopsy action but is anatomically unspecified (not restricted to spinal joints), making it broader than the SNOMED concept. ICHI also does not distinguish excisional from other biopsy techniques.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	295001	Nonexcisional destruction of cyst of ciliary body
`http://snomed.info/sct`	306005	Echography of kidney
`http://snomed.info/sct`	316002	Partial dacryocystectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	334003	Panorex examination of mandible
`http://snomed.info/sct`	342002	Amobarbital interview			<AS1.PQ.ZZ(Amobarbital interview is a specific drug-facilitated psychotherapeutic technique targeting mental functions (used for conversion disorders, catatonia, dissociative states). ICHI has no code for drug-assisted psychiatric interviews specifically, so AS1.PQ.ZZ is the best fit as a broader category encompassing this type of therapeutic mental health intervention.)		<AS1.PQ.ZZ(Amobarbital interview is a specific drug-facilitated psychotherapeutic technique targeting mental functions (used for conversion disorders, catatonia, dissociative states). ICHI has no code for drug-assisted psychiatric interviews specifically, so AS1.PQ.ZZ is the best fit as a broader category encompassing this type of therapeutic mental health intervention.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	348003	Radionuclide dynamic function study
`http://snomed.info/sct`	351005	Urinary undiversion of ureteral anastomosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	352003	Reagent RBC, preparation antibody sensitized pool
`http://snomed.info/sct`	374009	Costosternoplasty for pectus excavatum repair
`http://snomed.info/sct`	388008	Blepharorrhaphy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	389000	Tobramycin measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	401004	Distal subtotal pancreatectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	406009	Fulguration of stomach lesion			<KBF.GA.AD(Endoscopic destruction of a stomach lesion captures the clinical intent precisely (gastric fulguration is performed endoscopically); ICHI is wider as it covers all destructive modalities, not solely fulguration.)		<KBF.GA.AD(Endoscopic destruction of a stomach lesion captures the clinical intent precisely (gastric fulguration is performed endoscopically); ICHI is wider as it covers all destructive modalities, not solely fulguration.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	417005	Hospital re-admission
`http://snomed.info/sct`	435001	Pulmonary inhalation study
`http://snomed.info/sct`	445004	Repair of malunion of tibia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	456004	Total abdominal colectomy with ileostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	459006	Closed condylotomy of mandible
`http://snomed.info/sct`	463004	Closed reduction of coxofemoral joint dislocation with splint			<MLJ.LD.AH(MLJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the hip (coxofemoral) joint, which matches the anatomical site and procedure type precisely. The ICHI code does not capture the "with splint" immobilisation detail.)		<MLJ.LD.AH(MLJ.LD.AH covers closed reduction of the hip (coxofemoral) joint, which matches the anatomical site and procedure type precisely. The ICHI code does not capture the "with splint" immobilisation detail.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	468008	Glutathione measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	474008	Esophagoenteric anastomosis, intrathoracic
`http://snomed.info/sct`	489004	Ferritin measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	493005	Urobilinogen measurement, 48-hour, feces	?PZX.AH.XG(ICHI does not have a code for chemical/analyte measurement of faecal specimens such as urobilinogen; PZX.AH.XG captures only the specimen collection step, not the subsequent analyte measurement. No closer match exists in ICHI for this specific laboratory analyte test on stool.)				?PZX.AH.XG(ICHI does not have a code for chemical/analyte measurement of faecal specimens such as urobilinogen; PZX.AH.XG captures only the specimen collection step, not the subsequent analyte measurement. No closer match exists in ICHI for this specific laboratory analyte test on stool.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	494004	Excision of lesion of tonsil
`http://snomed.info/sct`	497006	Replacement of cochlear prosthesis, multiple channels
`http://snomed.info/sct`	531007	Open pulmonary valve commissurotomy with inflow occlusion
`http://snomed.info/sct`	533005	Repair of vesicocolic fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	535003	Closure of ureterovesicovaginal fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	540006	Antibody to single and double stranded DNA measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	543008	Choledochostomy with transduodenal sphincteroplasty			<KCM.MK.AA(Transduodenal sphincteroplasty is a surgical reconstruction/repair of the sphincter of Oddi via a transduodenal approach, and repair of the bile duct is the closest available ICHI category covering this reconstructive component. The code is wider as it does not capture the combined choledochostomy or specify the transduodenal approach and sphincter-specific target.)		<KCM.MK.AA(Transduodenal sphincteroplasty is a surgical reconstruction/repair of the sphincter of Oddi via a transduodenal approach, and repair of the bile duct is the closest available ICHI category covering this reconstructive component. The code is wider as it does not capture the combined choledochostomy or specify the transduodenal approach and sphincter-specific target.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	545001	Operative procedure on lower leg			<BlockL5-PNC(BlockL5-PNC covers all interventions on the lower leg as a topographical region, directly paralleling the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the lower leg. The ICHI block is wider because it includes non-operative interventions such as assistive product application and acupressure.)		<BlockL5-PNC(BlockL5-PNC covers all interventions on the lower leg as a topographical region, directly paralleling the broad SNOMED concept of any operative procedure on the lower leg. The ICHI block is wider because it includes non-operative interventions such as assistive product application and acupressure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	549007	Incision of intracranial vein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	550007	Excision of lesion of adenoids
`http://snomed.info/sct`	559008	Excision of varicose vein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	574005	Benzodiazepine measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	617002	Bone graft to mandible
`http://snomed.info/sct`	618007	Frontal sinusectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	625000	Removal of supernumerary digit	?MRS.LA.AH(MRS.LA.AH is the only ICHI code that specifically addresses the supernumerary digit, but it captures ligation (a common technique for neonatal polydactyly) rather than surgical excision/removal more broadly; these are related but not equivalent procedures.)				?MRS.LA.AH(MRS.LA.AH is the only ICHI code that specifically addresses the supernumerary digit, but it captures ligation (a common technique for neonatal polydactyly) rather than surgical excision/removal more broadly; these are related but not equivalent procedures.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	628003	Steinman test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	629006	Lysis of adhesions of urethra			<NAM.FC.AA(NAM.FC.AA is titled "Release of urethra" rather than specifically "release of urethral adhesions," making it broader — it could encompass release from any cause (stricture, fibrosis, adhesions) rather than adhesiolysis specifically.)		<NAM.FC.AA(NAM.FC.AA is titled "Release of urethra" rather than specifically "release of urethral adhesions," making it broader — it could encompass release from any cause (stricture, fibrosis, adhesions) rather than adhesiolysis specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	633004	Chart review by physician
`http://snomed.info/sct`	637003	Lysis of adhesions of nose				~JAA.FC.AA(ICHI code JAA.FC.AA is a precise direct match — "Release of adhesions of nose" is semantically identical to "Lysis of adhesions of nose," as "release" and "lysis" are interchangeable surgical terms.)	~JAA.FC.AA(ICHI code JAA.FC.AA is a precise direct match — "Release of adhesions of nose" is semantically identical to "Lysis of adhesions of nose," as "release" and "lysis" are interchangeable surgical terms.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	642006	Cerebral thermography
`http://snomed.info/sct`	647000	Excision of cervix by electroconization
`http://snomed.info/sct`	657004	Operation on bursa
`http://snomed.info/sct`	665001	Partial meniscectomy of temporomandibular joint
`http://snomed.info/sct`	670008	Electrosurgical epilation of eyebrow			<LBA.GA.AA(LBA.GA.AA covers destruction of any skin appendage (including hair follicles) in the head or neck region using any method, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically electrosurgical destruction of hair follicles restricted to the eyebrow; the ICHI code is broader in both body site and technique.)		<LBA.GA.AA(LBA.GA.AA covers destruction of any skin appendage (including hair follicles) in the head or neck region using any method, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically electrosurgical destruction of hair follicles restricted to the eyebrow; the ICHI code is broader in both body site and technique.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	671007	Transplantation of testis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	673005	Indirect laryngoscopy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	674004	Abduction test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	676002	Peritoneal dialysis including cannulation			<KMA.JC.AE(KMA.JC.AE is a direct title match for peritoneal dialysis, but the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the cannulation step, whereas ICHI subsumes this within the procedure without naming it separately. The ICHI code is therefore slightly broader, not capturing the cannulation detail specified in SNOMED.)		<KMA.JC.AE(KMA.JC.AE is a direct title match for peritoneal dialysis, but the SNOMED concept explicitly includes the cannulation step, whereas ICHI subsumes this within the procedure without naming it separately. The ICHI code is therefore slightly broader, not capturing the cannulation detail specified in SNOMED.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	680007	Radiation physics consultation	?UBR.PN.ZZ(ICHI has no concept of a "physics consultation"; UBR.PN.ZZ is the closest code but sits in the environmental/public-health radiation block rather than the clinical radiotherapy planning context.)				?UBR.PN.ZZ(ICHI has no concept of a "physics consultation"; UBR.PN.ZZ is the closest code but sits in the environmental/public-health radiation block rather than the clinical radiotherapy planning context.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	687005	Albumin/Globulin ratio
`http://snomed.info/sct`	695009	Destructive procedure of lesion on skin of trunk			<LAB.GA.AH(ICHI code LAB.GA.AH covers destruction of any skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to destruction of a lesion on trunk skin, making the ICHI code slightly broader.)		<LAB.GA.AH(ICHI code LAB.GA.AH covers destruction of any skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, while the SNOMED concept is specifically restricted to destruction of a lesion on trunk skin, making the ICHI code slightly broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	697001	Hepatitis A virus antibody measurement			<DTB.AC.ZZ(ICHI has no specific code for hepatitis A antibody measurement; the XG extension library includes hepatitis B and C antibody codes but not hepatitis A. DTB.AC.ZZ represents the best available approximation as a broad immunological system test, covering antibody measurement conceptually but not specifically.)		<DTB.AC.ZZ(ICHI has no specific code for hepatitis A antibody measurement; the XG extension library includes hepatitis B and C antibody codes but not hepatitis A. DTB.AC.ZZ represents the best available approximation as a broad immunological system test, covering antibody measurement conceptually but not specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	710006	Thromboendarterectomy with graft of mesenteric artery			<IEA.JE.AA(The mesenteric artery (superior or inferior) is an abdominal artery within the scope of IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not distinguish the mesenteric vessel specifically, nor does it encode the accompanying graft.)		<IEA.JE.AA(The mesenteric artery (superior or inferior) is an abdominal artery within the scope of IEA.JE.AA, but the ICHI code is broader — it does not distinguish the mesenteric vessel specifically, nor does it encode the accompanying graft.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	712003	Closed chest suction
`http://snomed.info/sct`	722009	Fine needle biopsy of thymus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	726007	Pathology consultation, comprehensive, records and specimen with report	?XG30Q5(ICHI XG30Q5 covers the histopathological examination of a specimen, which is the core analytical component of a comprehensive pathology consultation with specimen, but it does not capture the record review, consultation service framing, or report generation dimensions. No ICHI code for pathology consultation as a service exists; this extension code is the closest related concept.)				?XG30Q5(ICHI XG30Q5 covers the histopathological examination of a specimen, which is the core analytical component of a comprehensive pathology consultation with specimen, but it does not capture the record review, consultation service framing, or report generation dimensions. No ICHI code for pathology consultation as a service exists; this extension code is the closest related concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	730005	Incision of subcutaneous tissue			<LZZ.FA.AA(LZZ.FA.AA is the closest match but is wider because it encompasses both skin and subcutaneous tissue rather than subcutaneous tissue alone, and the NEC qualifier signals it is a residual/unspecified-site code covering body locations not individually classified elsewhere in the LA blocks.)		<LZZ.FA.AA(LZZ.FA.AA is the closest match but is wider because it encompasses both skin and subcutaneous tissue rather than subcutaneous tissue alone, and the NEC qualifier signals it is a residual/unspecified-site code covering body locations not individually classified elsewhere in the LA blocks.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	741007	Operation on prostate			<BlockL5-NGA(The SNOMED concept covers any operation on the prostate as a broad category; the ICHI block BlockL5-NGA groups all interventions on the prostate and seminal vesicle and is the best available match, though it also includes the seminal vesicle and is a non-assignable block rather than a specific procedure code.)		<BlockL5-NGA(The SNOMED concept covers any operation on the prostate as a broad category; the ICHI block BlockL5-NGA groups all interventions on the prostate and seminal vesicle and is the best available match, though it also includes the seminal vesicle and is a non-assignable block rather than a specific procedure code.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	746002	Chiropractic adjustment of coccyx subluxation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	753006	Manipulation of ankle AND foot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	754000	Total urethrectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	759005	Intracerebral electroencephalogram
`http://snomed.info/sct`	762008	Computerized axial tomography of cervical spine with contrast
`http://snomed.info/sct`	764009	Arthrodesis of interphalangeal joint of great toe
`http://snomed.info/sct`	767002	White blood cell count
`http://snomed.info/sct`	789003	Cranial decompression, subtemporal, supratentorial			<MAA.JJ.AA(Subtemporal supratentorial cranial decompression involves removing part of the temporal bone to relieve intracranial pressure, which is procedurally a craniectomy. MAA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code though wider — it does not encode the subtemporal approach or supratentorial location.)		<MAA.JJ.AA(Subtemporal supratentorial cranial decompression involves removing part of the temporal bone to relieve intracranial pressure, which is procedurally a craniectomy. MAA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code though wider — it does not encode the subtemporal approach or supratentorial location.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	791006	Dressing and fixation procedure					?LZZ.DK.AH(This SNOMED concept combines two distinct components — wound dressing and mechanical fixation — but ICHI only provides codes for one at a time; LZZ.DK.AH covers the dressing aspect but has no direct parallel for the combined dressing-and-fixation concept, making this an approximate match at best.)	?LZZ.DK.AH(This SNOMED concept combines two distinct components — wound dressing and mechanical fixation — but ICHI only provides codes for one at a time; LZZ.DK.AH covers the dressing aspect but has no direct parallel for the combined dressing-and-fixation concept, making this an approximate match at best.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	807005	Excision of brain			<AAA.JJ.AA(ICHI only has a "partial excision of brain" category (and percutaneous variant); there is no total excision of brain code, so AAA.JJ.AA is the closest available match, but explicitly partial.)		<AAA.JJ.AA(ICHI only has a "partial excision of brain" category (and percutaneous variant); there is no total excision of brain code, so AAA.JJ.AA is the closest available match, but explicitly partial.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	814007	Electrophoresis measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	817000	Excision of cyst of spleen
`http://snomed.info/sct`	831000	Drawer test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	853003	Fecal fat measurement, 72-hour collection
`http://snomed.info/sct`	867007	Facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	870006	Carbamazepine measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	879007	Special blood coagulation test, explain by report
`http://snomed.info/sct`	881009	Cyclodialysis				~BBD.LI.AA(Cyclodialysis is the surgical creation of a communication (bypass/fistula) between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space by separating the ciliary body from the scleral spur, which maps directly to the ICHI concept of bypassing the ciliary body (BBD.LI.AA).)	~BBD.LI.AA(Cyclodialysis is the surgical creation of a communication (bypass/fistula) between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space by separating the ciliary body from the scleral spur, which maps directly to the ICHI concept of bypassing the ciliary body (BBD.LI.AA).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	893000	Tumor antigen measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	897004	Radical maxillary antrotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	910002	MHPG measurement, urine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	911003	Removal of subarachnoid-ureteral shunt
`http://snomed.info/sct`	913000	Chiropractic patient education and instruction					?MV2.PN.ZZ(Chiropractic patient education centres on movement, posture, and musculoskeletal self-management, which aligns best with MV2.PN.ZZ (advising about movement function). The match is inexact because the ICHI code scopes only movement functions whereas chiropractic education often covers broader topics such as pain management and lifestyle, and "advising" is narrower than formal structured education.)	?MV2.PN.ZZ(Chiropractic patient education centres on movement, posture, and musculoskeletal self-management, which aligns best with MV2.PN.ZZ (advising about movement function). The match is inexact because the ICHI code scopes only movement functions whereas chiropractic education often covers broader topics such as pain management and lifestyle, and "advising" is narrower than formal structured education.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	926001	Embolectomy with catheter of radial artery by arm incision			<ICA.JE.AA(ICA.JE.AA covers open removal of intraluminal obstruction (the JE action axis is used for both endarterectomy and thromboembolectomy) from any artery of the upper limb via open approach (AA means), which matches the open catheter embolectomy technique and vessel region, but is broader because it encompasses the entire upper limb artery group rather than the radial artery specifically, and the title uses "endarterectomy" as the umbrella term for procedures also including embolectomy.)		<ICA.JE.AA(ICA.JE.AA covers open removal of intraluminal obstruction (the JE action axis is used for both endarterectomy and thromboembolectomy) from any artery of the upper limb via open approach (AA means), which matches the open catheter embolectomy technique and vessel region, but is broader because it encompasses the entire upper limb artery group rather than the radial artery specifically, and the title uses "endarterectomy" as the umbrella term for procedures also including embolectomy.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	935008	Excision of bulbourethral gland
`http://snomed.info/sct`	941001	Endoscopy of pituitary gland
`http://snomed.info/sct`	948007	Phlebectomy of intracranial varicose vein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	951000	Ultrasonic guidance for endomyocardial biopsy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	967006	Medication education				~UAC.PM.ZZ(UAC.PM.ZZ maps directly to "Education about medications" within the ICHI block for interventions on medicaments, which is semantically equivalent to "Medication education" — both describe an educational intervention where the subject matter is medications, with no restriction on setting, recipient, or medication type.)	~UAC.PM.ZZ(UAC.PM.ZZ maps directly to "Education about medications" within the ICHI block for interventions on medicaments, which is semantically equivalent to "Medication education" — both describe an educational intervention where the subject matter is medications, with no restriction on setting, recipient, or medication type.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	969009	Incision and exploration of larynx
`http://snomed.info/sct`	971009	Prosthetic construction and fitting			<PZX.DP.AH(ICHI has no single code combining both prosthetic construction and fitting. PZX.DP.AH captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product to any body site, the primary clinical intent, but is wider because it covers all assistive product installations (not just prostheses) and does not include the construction/manufacturing aspect.)		<PZX.DP.AH(ICHI has no single code combining both prosthetic construction and fitting. PZX.DP.AH captures the fitting/installation of an assistive product to any body site, the primary clinical intent, but is wider because it covers all assistive product installations (not just prostheses) and does not include the construction/manufacturing aspect.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1001000	Cauterization of Bartholin's gland			<NMI.GA.AA(NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically cauterization of the Bartholin gland — a sub-structure of the vulva. ICHI has no dedicated Bartholin gland procedure block nor a cauterization-specific means code, making this the closest assignable category but broader in both anatomical target and technique.)		<NMI.GA.AA(NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the vulva broadly, while the SNOMED concept is specifically cauterization of the Bartholin gland — a sub-structure of the vulva. ICHI has no dedicated Bartholin gland procedure block nor a cauterization-specific means code, making this the closest assignable category but broader in both anatomical target and technique.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1008006	Operation on nerve ganglion			<BlockL4-ACA(ICHI has no dedicated category code for nerve ganglion operations; nerve ganglia (peripheral, autonomic, dorsal root, cranial) fall structurally within the peripheral nervous system block, making BlockL4-ACA the most appropriate umbrella, broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all peripheral nerve interventions beyond ganglia.)		<BlockL4-ACA(ICHI has no dedicated category code for nerve ganglion operations; nerve ganglia (peripheral, autonomic, dorsal root, cranial) fall structurally within the peripheral nervous system block, making BlockL4-ACA the most appropriate umbrella, broader than the SNOMED concept as it covers all peripheral nerve interventions beyond ganglia.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1019009	Removal of corneal epithelium			<BBB.JJ.AA(Removal of corneal epithelium (e.g., for photorefractive preparation or recurrent erosion treatment) is a partial excision limited to the epithelial layer of the cornea, which falls within the scope of BBB.JJ.AA. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial corneal excision, not specifically the epithelium alone.)		<BBB.JJ.AA(Removal of corneal epithelium (e.g., for photorefractive preparation or recurrent erosion treatment) is a partial excision limited to the epithelial layer of the cornea, which falls within the scope of BBB.JJ.AA. The ICHI code is wider because it covers any partial corneal excision, not specifically the epithelium alone.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1021004	Repair of scrotum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1029002	Fetoscopy	?NMM.AE.AE(ICHI has no dedicated fetoscopy code; amnioscopy is the closest procedure in the same placenta/amnion/cord block, but amnioscopy specifically visualises the amniotic sac and membranes whereas fetoscopy directly visualises the fetus and placental surface.)				?NMM.AE.AE(ICHI has no dedicated fetoscopy code; amnioscopy is the closest procedure in the same placenta/amnion/cord block, but amnioscopy specifically visualises the amniotic sac and membranes whereas fetoscopy directly visualises the fetus and placental surface.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1032004	Enucleation of parotid gland cyst
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1035002	Minimum bactericidal concentration test, microdilution method
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1036001	Insertion of intravascular device in common iliac vein, complete			<IZD.DL.AF(ICHI has no code specific to the common iliac vein; the NEC residual for percutaneous device insertion into a vein is the closest match, but it loses the iliac vein anatomical specificity and does not capture the "complete" qualifier that SNOMED encodes.)		<IZD.DL.AF(ICHI has no code specific to the common iliac vein; the NEC residual for percutaneous device insertion into a vein is the closest match, but it loses the iliac vein anatomical specificity and does not capture the "complete" qualifier that SNOMED encodes.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1041009	Debridement of open fracture of phalanges of foot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1048003	Capillary specimen collection
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1054002	Incision of sphincter of Oddi
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1071001	Proximal splenorenal anastomosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1084005	Excision of perinephric cyst
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1093006	Excision of abdominal varicose vein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1103000	Transcrural mobilization of stapes			<CBF.FC.AC(ICHI "Release of stapes" covers freeing or mobilizing the stapes without specifying the transcrural approach (through the crural arch), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept which denotes a distinct surgical technique targeting the stapes via its crura.)		<CBF.FC.AC(ICHI "Release of stapes" covers freeing or mobilizing the stapes without specifying the transcrural approach (through the crural arch), making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept which denotes a distinct surgical technique targeting the stapes via its crura.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1104006	Triad knee repair
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1115001	Decortication					?JCA.JJ.AA(Decortication (SNOMED 1115001) is an unspecified/generic concept that in clinical use most commonly refers to pleural decortication — removal of the restrictive fibrous peel from the visceral pleura — which aligns best with JCA.JJ.AA (partial excision of pleura); however, the match is inexact because the SNOMED concept is broader (decortication can apply to lung, kidney, etc.) and the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the decortication technique.)	?JCA.JJ.AA(Decortication (SNOMED 1115001) is an unspecified/generic concept that in clinical use most commonly refers to pleural decortication — removal of the restrictive fibrous peel from the visceral pleura — which aligns best with JCA.JJ.AA (partial excision of pleura); however, the match is inexact because the SNOMED concept is broader (decortication can apply to lung, kidney, etc.) and the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the decortication technique.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1119007	Closed reduction of dislocation of foot and toe
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1121002	Kinetic activities for range of motion
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1127003	Interstitial radium application
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1133007	Removal of intact bilateral mammary implants
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1163003	Ureteroenterostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1176009	Incision of inguinal region
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1198000	Excisional biopsy of bone of scapula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1209007	Arthroscopy of knee with lateral meniscus repair
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1227005	Incision of subvalvular tissue for discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1235008	Muscle transfer				~MRM.LJ.AA(MRM.LJ.AA explicitly encodes "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site," which directly corresponds to the generic, site-unspecified SNOMED concept "Muscle transfer"; the "unspecified site" qualifier in both codes confirms they are semantically equivalent at this level of abstraction.)	~MRM.LJ.AA(MRM.LJ.AA explicitly encodes "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site," which directly corresponds to the generic, site-unspecified SNOMED concept "Muscle transfer"; the "unspecified site" qualifier in both codes confirms they are semantically equivalent at this level of abstraction.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1237000	Application of cast, sugar tong			<MFB.LC.AH(A sugar tong cast is a specific U-shaped cast immobilising the forearm and wrist (applied for distal radius fractures), while ICHI's code covers application of any external immobilisation device to the forearm without specifying the cast type or that the wrist is also immobilised. The ICHI code is thus broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.)		<MFB.LC.AH(A sugar tong cast is a specific U-shaped cast immobilising the forearm and wrist (applied for distal radius fractures), while ICHI's code covers application of any external immobilisation device to the forearm without specifying the cast type or that the wrist is also immobilised. The ICHI code is thus broader than the specific SNOMED procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1238005	Epiphyseal arrest by stapling of distal radius
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1251000	Incisional biopsy of testis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1253002	Refusion of spine			<MBZ.LE.AA(ICHI has no dedicated revision/re-fusion code; this code does not encode the revision nature or spinal level.)		<MBZ.LE.AA(ICHI has no dedicated revision/re-fusion code; this code does not encode the revision nature or spinal level.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1258006	Excision of meniscus of wrist
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1266002	Closure of fistula of ear drum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1267006	Electrocoagulation of lesion of vagina			<NMH.GA.AC(NMH.GA.AC directly matches target (vagina), action (destruction), and object (lesion). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify electrocoagulation as the means, covering any modality used to destroy a vaginal lesion.)		<NMH.GA.AC(NMH.GA.AC directly matches target (vagina), action (destruction), and object (lesion). The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify electrocoagulation as the means, covering any modality used to destroy a vaginal lesion.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1278003	Open reduction of closed shoulder dislocation with fracture of greater tuberosity
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1292009	Magnetic resonance imaging of urinary bladder
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1299000	Excision of appendiceal stump
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1315009	Reconstruction of eyebrow
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1324000	Cerebrospinal fluid IgG ratio and IgG index
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1327007	Procedure on Meckel's diverticulum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1328002	Ilioiliac shunt
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1329005	Division of congenital web of larynx
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1337002	Colosigmoidostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1339004	Removal of impacted feces	?KBW.JD.AA(ICHI does not have a dedicated code for fecal disimpaction; the closest structural match is removal of a foreign body or device from the rectum (where impacted feces most commonly presents and is manually removed), but the ICHI code is framed around devices/foreign bodies rather than impacted stool, making this a related but inexact mapping.)				?KBW.JD.AA(ICHI does not have a dedicated code for fecal disimpaction; the closest structural match is removal of a foreign body or device from the rectum (where impacted feces most commonly presents and is manually removed), but the ICHI code is framed around devices/foreign bodies rather than impacted stool, making this a related but inexact mapping.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1352009	Anterior spinal rhizotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1358008	Anti-human globulin test, enzyme technique, titer
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1366004	Inhalation therapy procedure	?JTB.ZY.ZY(ICHI lacks a dedicated code for inhalation therapy (e.g., nebulised or inhaled drug delivery as a standalone procedure). JTB.ZY.ZY is a residual catch-all for respiration function interventions not classified elsewhere, making it the closest available code by related clinical domain, but it is not semantically equivalent.)				?JTB.ZY.ZY(ICHI lacks a dedicated code for inhalation therapy (e.g., nebulised or inhaled drug delivery as a standalone procedure). JTB.ZY.ZY is a residual catch-all for respiration function interventions not classified elsewhere, making it the closest available code by related clinical domain, but it is not semantically equivalent.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1385001	Echography, scan B-mode for fetal age determination			<NMR.BA.BJ(NMR.BA.BJ represents ultrasound of fetal structures and is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the B-mode technique or the purpose of fetal age determination; ICHI does not have a code specifically for dating scans.)		<NMR.BA.BJ(NMR.BA.BJ represents ultrasound of fetal structures and is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify the B-mode technique or the purpose of fetal age determination; ICHI does not have a code specifically for dating scans.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1390003	Laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid colectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1398005	Direct thrombectomy of iliac vein by leg incision					?IED.FA.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies open thrombectomy of the iliac vein via a lower limb incision — a procedure spanning both pelvic (iliac) and lower limb anatomy. ICHI's IED.FA.AA captures the iliac vein target with an open approach but does not encode the thrombectomy action (removal of thrombus) nor the lower-limb incision access; IFD.FA.AA (incision of lower limb vein) captures the access route but misses the iliac target, so neither is a clean fit and IED.FA.AA is the least-wrong choice.)	?IED.FA.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies open thrombectomy of the iliac vein via a lower limb incision — a procedure spanning both pelvic (iliac) and lower limb anatomy. ICHI's IED.FA.AA captures the iliac vein target with an open approach but does not encode the thrombectomy action (removal of thrombus) nor the lower-limb incision access; IFD.FA.AA (incision of lower limb vein) captures the access route but misses the iliac target, so neither is a clean fit and IED.FA.AA is the least-wrong choice.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1399002	Incision and exploration of ureter			<NAE.FA.AA(Ureterotomy covers the incision of the ureter (the dominant operative act), but ICHI does not encode the paired exploration. A separate exploration code exists (NAE.AE.AA) but it covers the periureteral area rather than an incision-based internal exploration, making the incision code the best single match at the cost of dropping the exploration component.)		<NAE.FA.AA(Ureterotomy covers the incision of the ureter (the dominant operative act), but ICHI does not encode the paired exploration. A separate exploration code exists (NAE.AE.AA) but it covers the periureteral area rather than an incision-based internal exploration, making the incision code the best single match at the cost of dropping the exploration component.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1407007	Application of long leg cast, brace type			<PNA.LC.AH(A "long leg cast, brace type" spans thigh through foot and does not correspond to any single anatomical-site ICHI code; PNA.LC.AH (lower limb NEC) captures the overall lower limb scope, though broader as it does not specify cast vs. brace type or full leg extent.)		<PNA.LC.AH(A "long leg cast, brace type" spans thigh through foot and does not correspond to any single anatomical-site ICHI code; PNA.LC.AH (lower limb NEC) captures the overall lower limb scope, though broader as it does not specify cast vs. brace type or full leg extent.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1411001	Operation on papillary muscle of heart			<HDF.MK.AA(ICHI does not have a dedicated code for operations on the papillary muscle specifically; the papillary muscle is anatomically part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus, and HDF.MK.AA is the closest structural match covering that anatomical territory. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire subvalvar apparatus and is framed around repair, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on the papillary muscle regardless of valve side or procedure type.)		<HDF.MK.AA(ICHI does not have a dedicated code for operations on the papillary muscle specifically; the papillary muscle is anatomically part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus, and HDF.MK.AA is the closest structural match covering that anatomical territory. The ICHI code is broader as it covers the entire subvalvar apparatus and is framed around repair, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on the papillary muscle regardless of valve side or procedure type.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1413003	Penetrating keratoplasty with homograft
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1417002	Operation on face
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1431002	Fixation	?MRB.LC.AH(SNOMED "Fixation" is a generic stabilisation procedure for any structure. ICHI has fixation/stabilisation (LC) codes at specific body sites but no universal fixation code. MRB.LC.AH covers bone immobilisation at an unspecified site (the most common fixation context) but does not encompass soft tissue fixation, organ fixation, or internal fixation devices.)				?MRB.LC.AH(SNOMED "Fixation" is a generic stabilisation procedure for any structure. ICHI has fixation/stabilisation (LC) codes at specific body sites but no universal fixation code. MRB.LC.AH covers bone immobilisation at an unspecified site (the most common fixation context) but does not encompass soft tissue fixation, organ fixation, or internal fixation devices.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1440003	Repair with resection-recession			<BDA.MK.AA("Repair with resection-recession" is a strabismus correction procedure combining shortening (resection) of one extraocular muscle with lengthening (recession) of another. ICHI has separate codes for shortening and advancement of extraocular muscle, but no single code capturing the combined resection-recession technique; BDA.MK.AA is the nearest parent concept and is broader than the specific combined procedure.)		<BDA.MK.AA("Repair with resection-recession" is a strabismus correction procedure combining shortening (resection) of one extraocular muscle with lengthening (recession) of another. ICHI has separate codes for shortening and advancement of extraocular muscle, but no single code capturing the combined resection-recession technique; BDA.MK.AA is the nearest parent concept and is broader than the specific combined procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1449002	Epilation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1453000	Biofeedback, galvanic skin response	?LT2.ZZ.ZZ(Galvanic skin response biofeedback targets electrodermal/sweat-gland activity (an integumentary function), and ICHI has no training (PH) or biofeedback-specific code under skin functions — only a catch-all residual code for other skin function interventions.)				?LT2.ZZ.ZZ(Galvanic skin response biofeedback targets electrodermal/sweat-gland activity (an integumentary function), and ICHI has no training (PH) or biofeedback-specific code under skin functions — only a catch-all residual code for other skin function interventions.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1455007	Cerclage		>NMF.LL.AC(The SNOMED concept "Cerclage" is anatomically general and could encompass cervical cerclage as well as cerclage of other structures such as the anus (KBX.LL.AC), whereas NMF.LL.AC specifically denotes transvaginal cerclage of the internal cervical os, which is by far the most common clinical procedure intended by this term.)			>NMF.LL.AC(The SNOMED concept "Cerclage" is anatomically general and could encompass cervical cerclage as well as cerclage of other structures such as the anus (KBX.LL.AC), whereas NMF.LL.AC specifically denotes transvaginal cerclage of the internal cervical os, which is by far the most common clinical procedure intended by this term.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1457004	Truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty and gastrostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1494008	Osmolarity measurement			<ETE.AA.ZZ(Osmolarity measurement quantifies solute concentration in body fluids and is a direct indicator of water and electrolyte balance; no ICHI code exists specifically for osmolarity, so ETE.AA.ZZ is the closest available code and subsumes the SNOMED concept.)		<ETE.AA.ZZ(Osmolarity measurement quantifies solute concentration in body fluids and is a direct indicator of water and electrolyte balance; no ICHI code exists specifically for osmolarity, so ETE.AA.ZZ is the closest available code and subsumes the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1500007	Bilateral epididymovasostomy with anastomosis of epididymis to vas deferens
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1501006	Altemeier operation, perineal rectal pull-through
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1505002	Hospital admission for isolation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1529009	Aspiration of soft tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1533002	Ureteroplication			<NAE.MK.AA(Ureteroplication is a specific technique of folding/tucking the ureter wall to reduce its calibre, which falls within the broader concept of ureteral repair; no plication-specific code exists for the ureter in ICHI. NAE.MK.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader as it encompasses any open repair technique.)		<NAE.MK.AA(Ureteroplication is a specific technique of folding/tucking the ureter wall to reduce its calibre, which falls within the broader concept of ureteral repair; no plication-specific code exists for the ureter in ICHI. NAE.MK.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader as it encompasses any open repair technique.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1550000	Amikacin measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1555005	Brief group psychotherapy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1559004	IL-2 assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1576000	Repair of uteroenteric fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1578004	Reconstruction of ossicles with stapedectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1583007	Tractotomy of mesencephalon
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1585000	Lengthening of gastrocnemius muscle
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1614003	Repair of bilateral direct inguinal hernia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1615002	Reline of upper partial denture at chairside
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1616001	Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase measurement, leukocytes
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1636000	Injection of sclerosing agent in varicose vein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1638004	Cineplasty with cineplastic prosthesis of extremity
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1640009	History and physical examination, insurance			<PZB.AA.ZZ(ICHI contains no concept for an insurance-purpose medical examination; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a general whole-person health assessment, but it is wider because it does not encode the administrative/insurance purpose that defines the SNOMED concept.)		<PZB.AA.ZZ(ICHI contains no concept for an insurance-purpose medical examination; PZB.AA.ZZ is the closest match as a general whole-person health assessment, but it is wider because it does not encode the administrative/insurance purpose that defines the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1645004	Transduodenal sphincterotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1651009	Excision of tendon sheath
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1653007	Internal fixation of bone without fracture reduction
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1669000	Making occupied bed
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1677001	Haagensen test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1680000	Secondary chemoprophylaxis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1683003	Direct closure of laceration of conjunctiva			<BBA.MK.AA(BBA.MK.AA covers repair of conjunctiva broadly, which encompasses direct suture closure of a laceration; ICHI does not further specify the repair technique (direct closure vs. graft) or the type of wound (laceration), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<BBA.MK.AA(BBA.MK.AA covers repair of conjunctiva broadly, which encompasses direct suture closure of a laceration; ICHI does not further specify the repair technique (direct closure vs. graft) or the type of wound (laceration), making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1689004	Local excision of ovary
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1691007	Drainage of abscess of tonsil
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1699009	Special dosimetry
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1704001	Repair of congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1712009	Immunoglobulin typing, IgG
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1713004	Induction and maintenance of total body hypothermia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1730002	Suture of skin wound of hindfoot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1746005	Scleral buckling with implant			<BCB.ML.AA(Scleral buckling with implant is a retinal detachment repair technique in which a silicone band or explant is sutured around the sclera to indent and reinforce it; BCB.ML.AA "Reinforcement of sclera" captures this scleral-reinforcement action. The ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the retinal detachment indication, the implant device detail, or the buckling-specific technique.)		<BCB.ML.AA(Scleral buckling with implant is a retinal detachment repair technique in which a silicone band or explant is sutured around the sclera to indent and reinforce it; BCB.ML.AA "Reinforcement of sclera" captures this scleral-reinforcement action. The ICHI code is broader as it does not encode the retinal detachment indication, the implant device detail, or the buckling-specific technique.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1747001	Replacement of skeletal muscle stimulator
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1753001	Resection of uveal tissue			<BZZ.JI.AA(The uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) has no single dedicated ICHI resection code covering the full uveal tract. BZZ.JI.AA is the nearest code covering excision within the eye at an unspecified structure, but it is broader in target and implies a lesion-focused local excision rather than a general uveal tissue resection.)		<BZZ.JI.AA(The uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) has no single dedicated ICHI resection code covering the full uveal tract. BZZ.JI.AA is the nearest code covering excision within the eye at an unspecified structure, but it is broader in target and implies a lesion-focused local excision rather than a general uveal tissue resection.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1757000	Arthroscopy of wrist with partial synovectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1759002	Assessment of nutritional status
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1770009	Mitral valvotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1774000	Nasopharyngeal rehabilitation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1775004	Submaxillary incision with drainage
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1784004	Fecal stercobilin, qualitative			<KT2.AC.ZZ(Stercobilin is a bile pigment derivative detected qualitatively in feces to evaluate bile production and hepatobiliary function; ICHI has no code for fecal pigment analysis, so the residual "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified" is the best available broader category.)		<KT2.AC.ZZ(Stercobilin is a bile pigment derivative detected qualitatively in feces to evaluate bile production and hepatobiliary function; ICHI has no code for fecal pigment analysis, so the residual "Test of functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified" is the best available broader category.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1787006	Ultrasonic guidance for pericardiocentesis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1788001	Blood unit collection for directed donation, donor			<DIA.JH.AF(ICHI does not differentiate directed (designated-donor) blood collection from general blood/blood-product collection, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept which specifies both the purpose (directed donation) and the perspective (donor).)		<DIA.JH.AF(ICHI does not differentiate directed (designated-donor) blood collection from general blood/blood-product collection, so the code is broader than this specific SNOMED concept which specifies both the purpose (directed donation) and the perspective (donor).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1801001	Endoscopic biopsy of duodenum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1805005	Surgical closure of stoma					?PTB.LA.AC(ICHI distinguishes stoma closure by specific type (gastrostomy PTA.LA.AC, enterostomy PTB.LA.AC, tracheostomy PTC.LA.AC) but has no single generic "closure of stoma" code that spans all types. PTB.LA.AC is selected as a representative approximate match for a generic stoma closure, though it applies only to intestinal stomas.)	?PTB.LA.AC(ICHI distinguishes stoma closure by specific type (gastrostomy PTA.LA.AC, enterostomy PTB.LA.AC, tracheostomy PTC.LA.AC) but has no single generic "closure of stoma" code that spans all types. PTB.LA.AC is selected as a representative approximate match for a generic stoma closure, though it applies only to intestinal stomas.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1811008	Aspiration of bursa of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1813006	Cryotherapy of genital warts
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1820004	Alcohol measurement, breath
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1830008	Open reduction of open sacral fracture			<MBR.LD.AA(MBR.LD.AA is the ICHI code for open reduction in the sacral region and correctly identifies the target anatomy, but it does not distinguish an open (compound) fracture from a closed one, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.)		<MBR.LD.AA(MBR.LD.AA is the ICHI code for open reduction in the sacral region and correctly identifies the target anatomy, but it does not distinguish an open (compound) fracture from a closed one, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1836002	Excision of diverticulum of ventricle of heart
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1844002	Plication of ligament			<MRS.MK.AA(ICHI has no generic "plication of ligament" code and no ligament repair code at an unspecified body site; plication is a tightening/shortening technique that constitutes a form of repair, and MRS.MK.AA (repair of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the broadest applicable code given that ligament region-specific repair codes are too anatomically specific for this non-site-specified SNOMED concept.)		<MRS.MK.AA(ICHI has no generic "plication of ligament" code and no ligament repair code at an unspecified body site; plication is a tightening/shortening technique that constitutes a form of repair, and MRS.MK.AA (repair of soft tissue, unspecified site) is the broadest applicable code given that ligament region-specific repair codes are too anatomically specific for this non-site-specified SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1854003	Incision of nose				~JAA.FA.AA(The ICHI code title exactly matches the SNOMED display term with the same anatomical target (nose) and action (incision), representing a precise semantic match.)	~JAA.FA.AA(The ICHI code title exactly matches the SNOMED display term with the same anatomical target (nose) and action (incision), representing a precise semantic match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1859008	Removal of foreign body from tendon of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1862006	Thoracic phlebectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1866009	Bilateral total nephrectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1868005	Removal of foreign body from brain			<AAA.JD.AA(The ICHI code covers the target anatomy (brain) and action (removal of foreign body), but bundles "internal device or foreign body" together, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies foreign body only.)		<AAA.JD.AA(The ICHI code covers the target anatomy (brain) and action (removal of foreign body), but bundles "internal device or foreign body" together, making it slightly broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies foreign body only.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1870001	Insertion of halo device of skull with synchronous skeletal traction			<MAA.DL.AA(MAA.DL.AA covers the insertion of a halo traction device on the skull, which directly matches the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes skull tongs insertion, and does not specifically capture the "synchronous skeletal traction" component described in the SNOMED term.)		<MAA.DL.AA(MAA.DL.AA covers the insertion of a halo traction device on the skull, which directly matches the core procedure. However, the ICHI code is broader because it also includes skull tongs insertion, and does not specifically capture the "synchronous skeletal traction" component described in the SNOMED term.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1871002	Repair of aneurysm of coronary artery			<HIA.MK.AA(HIA.MK.AA precisely targets the coronary artery with the repair action via open approach, matching the anatomical site and operative intent; it is slightly wider because it covers all forms of coronary artery repair, not exclusively aneurysm repair.)		<HIA.MK.AA(HIA.MK.AA precisely targets the coronary artery with the repair action via open approach, matching the anatomical site and operative intent; it is slightly wider because it covers all forms of coronary artery repair, not exclusively aneurysm repair.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1872009	Suture of male perineum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1876007	Recession of prognathic jaw
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1879000	Fluorescent antigen measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1889001	Patient transfer, in-hospital, unit-to-unit
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1907003	Bifurcation of bone			<MRB.FB.AA(Bifurcation of bone is a specific surgical act of splitting a bone into two branches/parts, which is a form of bone division; MRB.FB.AA covers division of bone at an unspecified site and is therefore broader, as it does not specify the bifurcation technique or imply splitting into two distinct segments.)		<MRB.FB.AA(Bifurcation of bone is a specific surgical act of splitting a bone into two branches/parts, which is a form of bone division; MRB.FB.AA covers division of bone at an unspecified site and is therefore broader, as it does not specify the bifurcation technique or imply splitting into two distinct segments.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1917008	Patient discharge, deceased, medicolegal case
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1924009	Hepaticotomy with drainage
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1950008	Drainage of abscess of nasal septum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1958001	Grafting of bone of thumb with transfer of skin flap					?MGB.ML.AA(MGB.ML.AA captures the hand-bone graft component but the concurrent skin flap transfer is not represented; ICHI lacks a single combined code for both interventions.)	?MGB.ML.AA(MGB.ML.AA captures the hand-bone graft component but the concurrent skin flap transfer is not represented; ICHI lacks a single combined code for both interventions.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1966005	Central block anesthesia					?ABG.DC.AE(Central (neuraxial) block anaesthesia encompasses both spinal and epidural techniques, and ABG.DC.AE captures injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (the defining action). However, the ICHI code does not fully distinguish subarachnoid (spinal) from epidural injections, and "central block" could also cover caudal approaches.)	?ABG.DC.AE(Central (neuraxial) block anaesthesia encompasses both spinal and epidural techniques, and ABG.DC.AE captures injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (the defining action). However, the ICHI code does not fully distinguish subarachnoid (spinal) from epidural injections, and "central block" could also cover caudal approaches.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1983001	Total urethrectomy including cystostomy in female
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1995001	Stripping of cerebral meninges					?AAC.JJ.AA(Stripping (meningolysis or cortical decortication) differs from true excision, but ICHI's "Partial excision of cerebral meninges" is the closest available code in the cerebral meninges block.)	?AAC.JJ.AA(Stripping (meningolysis or cortical decortication) differs from true excision, but ICHI's "Partial excision of cerebral meninges" is the closest available code in the cerebral meninges block.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	1999007	Psychologic test				~AS1.AC.ZZ(A psychologic test is a formal test administered to assess mental functions, aligning directly with AS1.AC.ZZ (Target=mental functions unspecified, Action=Test).)	~AS1.AC.ZZ(A psychologic test is a formal test administered to assess mental functions, aligning directly with AS1.AC.ZZ (Target=mental functions unspecified, Action=Test).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2002009	Construction of subcutaneous tunnel without esophageal anastomosis					?KBA.ML.AA(ICHI has no dedicated code for subcutaneous tunnel creation as a standalone preparatory oesophageal procedure; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) is the closest available code as it covers oesophageal reconstructive procedures, but it does not capture the specific technique of tunnelling without anastomosis.)	?KBA.ML.AA(ICHI has no dedicated code for subcutaneous tunnel creation as a standalone preparatory oesophageal procedure; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) is the closest available code as it covers oesophageal reconstructive procedures, but it does not capture the specific technique of tunnelling without anastomosis.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2021001	Internal fixation of radius and ulna without fracture reduction
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2051007	Red cell iron utilization study			<DTA.AC.ZZ(A red cell iron utilization study assesses erythropoietic function via radioactive iron tracing; ICHI has no specific code and DTA.AC.ZZ is considerably broader.)		<DTA.AC.ZZ(A red cell iron utilization study assesses erythropoietic function via radioactive iron tracing; ICHI has no specific code and DTA.AC.ZZ is considerably broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2054004	Barbiturates measurement, quantitative and qualitative
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2067001	Implantation of electromagnetic hearing aid			<CBA.DN.AC(An electromagnetic implantable hearing aid targets middle ear structures; this NEC code covers implantation of any internal device in the middle ear, broader because it encompasses all middle-ear internal device types.)		<CBA.DN.AC(An electromagnetic implantable hearing aid targets middle ear structures; this NEC code covers implantation of any internal device in the middle ear, broader because it encompasses all middle-ear internal device types.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2069003	Dental subperiosteal implant
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2078009	Puncture of bursa of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2079001	Reimplantation of anomalous pulmonary artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2080003	Angiectomy with anastomosis of lower limb artery			<IFA.ML.AA(ICHI does not encode excision-with-anastomosis as a single combined concept; IFA.ML.AA captures the defining reconstructive/anastomotic component of the procedure, but is broader as it does not specify that a segment was excised first.)		<IFA.ML.AA(ICHI does not encode excision-with-anastomosis as a single combined concept; IFA.ML.AA captures the defining reconstructive/anastomotic component of the procedure, but is broader as it does not specify that a segment was excised first.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2098004	Open reduction of open mandibular fracture with external fixation			<MAG.LD.AA(MAG.LD.AA correctly captures open reduction of the mandible, but ICHI does not distinguish open versus closed fractures or encode the specific fixation technique (external fixation), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<MAG.LD.AA(MAG.LD.AA correctly captures open reduction of the mandible, but ICHI does not distinguish open versus closed fractures or encode the specific fixation technique (external fixation), so the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2115003	Dental prophylaxis of child
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2119009	Repair of blood vessel				~IZE.MK.AA(IZE.MK.AA directly encodes repair (MK) of a blood vessel (IZE) not elsewhere classified, matching the generic, unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept without adding or losing meaningful semantic content.)	~IZE.MK.AA(IZE.MK.AA directly encodes repair (MK) of a blood vessel (IZE) not elsewhere classified, matching the generic, unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept without adding or losing meaningful semantic content.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2127000	Reduction of closed sacral fracture
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2137005	Excision of pericardial tumor
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2153008	Cardiac catheterization education			<HT2.PM.ZZ(HT2.PM.ZZ covers education about cardiovascular system functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically education about the cardiac catheterization procedure; the ICHI code encompasses this but is not limited to catheterization-specific patient education. No more specific ICHI code exists for pre-procedural or catheterization-specific education.)		<HT2.PM.ZZ(HT2.PM.ZZ covers education about cardiovascular system functions broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically education about the cardiac catheterization procedure; the ICHI code encompasses this but is not limited to catheterization-specific patient education. No more specific ICHI code exists for pre-procedural or catheterization-specific education.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2161003	Operation on vulva
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2164006	Injection of aorta
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2166008	Bicuspidization of aortic valve
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2171001	Remnant tonsillectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2178007	Ureterocentesis	?NAE.JB.AA(Ureterocentesis is a needle puncture/aspiration of the ureter to aspirate urine or fluid, but ICHI has no specific aspiration or centesis code for the ureter; NAE.JB.AA (Drainage of ureter) is the closest available code covering fluid removal from the ureter, though it does not specifically denote a needle puncture approach.)				?NAE.JB.AA(Ureterocentesis is a needle puncture/aspiration of the ureter to aspirate urine or fluid, but ICHI has no specific aspiration or centesis code for the ureter; NAE.JB.AA (Drainage of ureter) is the closest available code covering fluid removal from the ureter, though it does not specifically denote a needle puncture approach.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2181002	Operation for bone injury of tarsals and metatarsals
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2188008	Suture of tendon to skeletal attachment
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2193006	Repair of ruptured aneurysm with graft of celiac artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2196003	Gas liquid chromatography, electron capture type
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2199005	Excision of lesion of cul-de-sac			<KMA.JI.AA("Cul-de-sac" refers to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), a peritoneal recess; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific pouch, so KMA.JI.AA is the closest match.)		<KMA.JI.AA("Cul-de-sac" refers to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), a peritoneal recess; ICHI has no dedicated code for this specific pouch, so KMA.JI.AA is the closest match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2214008	Curette test of skin			<LZZ.AA.ZZ(The curette test (e.g., Darier's sign) is a diagnostic skin assessment; ICHI's NEC skin assessment code captures the diagnostic intent but is broader, subsuming many other skin assessment methods.)		<LZZ.AA.ZZ(The curette test (e.g., Darier's sign) is a diagnostic skin assessment; ICHI's NEC skin assessment code captures the diagnostic intent but is broader, subsuming many other skin assessment methods.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2225004	Sensititre system test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2234009	Proctosigmoidopexy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2242005	Reconstruction of eyelid
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2244006	Arthroscopy of wrist with internal fixation for instability			<MFJ.MK.AB(Arthroscopic internal fixation for wrist instability is a stabilising repair procedure; the residual NEC arthroscopic repair code is the best fit since ICHI has no specific arthroscopic stabilisation code for the wrist. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any arthroscopic wrist repair not classified elsewhere.)		<MFJ.MK.AB(Arthroscopic internal fixation for wrist instability is a stabilising repair procedure; the residual NEC arthroscopic repair code is the best fit since ICHI has no specific arthroscopic stabilisation code for the wrist. The ICHI code is broader, encompassing any arthroscopic wrist repair not classified elsewhere.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2250001	Resection of ascending aorta with anastomosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2252009	Hospital admission, urgent, 48 hours
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2267008	Changing tracheostomy tube
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2270007	Repair of cleft hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2276001	Exploration of popliteal artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2278000	Urinalysis, automated
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2279008	Antibody detection, RBC, enzyme, 1 stage technique, including anti-human globulin
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2290003	Microbial culture, anaerobic, initial isolation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2315006	Operation on cerebral meninges			<BlockL5-AAC(BlockL5-AAC precisely covers all interventions on the cerebral meninges and is the best structural match, but as a block it is broader than the unspecified SNOMED category; assigning the block is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a generic grouper.)		<BlockL5-AAC(BlockL5-AAC precisely covers all interventions on the cerebral meninges and is the best structural match, but as a block it is broader than the unspecified SNOMED category; assigning the block is appropriate since the SNOMED concept is itself a generic grouper.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2321005	Delivery by Ritgen maneuver			<NME.JF.AC(The Ritgen maneuver is a specific perineal guarding technique used during the second stage of vaginal delivery to control head extension and protect the perineum. ICHI's "Vaginal delivery" (NME.JF.AC) captures the procedure class but does not encode this specific manual technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<NME.JF.AC(The Ritgen maneuver is a specific perineal guarding technique used during the second stage of vaginal delivery to control head extension and protect the perineum. ICHI's "Vaginal delivery" (NME.JF.AC) captures the procedure class but does not encode this specific manual technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2322003	Suture of recent wound of eyelid, direct closure, full-thickness			<BAA.MK.AA(Repair of eyelid (BAA.MK.AA) correctly targets the eyelid with a repair action, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies suture technique, wound recency, direct closure, and full-thickness involvement; ICHI does not encode these surgical specifics.)		<BAA.MK.AA(Repair of eyelid (BAA.MK.AA) correctly targets the eyelid with a repair action, but is substantially broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies suture technique, wound recency, direct closure, and full-thickness involvement; ICHI does not encode these surgical specifics.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2337004	Adductor tenotomy of hip			<MKT.FB.AA(Division of tendon of hip is the correct structural match for an adductor tenotomy at the hip, but ICHI does not distinguish individual tendons within the hip region, making the code broader than the specific adductor tendon targeted.)		<MKT.FB.AA(Division of tendon of hip is the correct structural match for an adductor tenotomy at the hip, but ICHI does not distinguish individual tendons within the hip region, making the code broader than the specific adductor tendon targeted.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2344008	Complicated cystorrhaphy			<NAI.MK.AA(NAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder) corresponds to cystorrhaphy and is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the "complicated" qualifier.)		<NAI.MK.AA(NAI.MK.AA (Repair of bladder) corresponds to cystorrhaphy and is wider than the SNOMED concept because it does not capture the "complicated" qualifier.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2364003	Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of wrist area
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2371008	Tympanoplasty type II with graft against incus or malleus			<CBF.ML.AC(Tympanoplasty type II is a specific reconstruction in which a graft is placed against the incus or malleus to restore sound conduction; CBF.ML.AC "Ossicular chain reconstruction" is the best available ICHI match but is broader, covering any ossicular reconstruction without specifying the graft position or the type II classification detail.)		<CBF.ML.AC(Tympanoplasty type II is a specific reconstruction in which a graft is placed against the incus or malleus to restore sound conduction; CBF.ML.AC "Ossicular chain reconstruction" is the best available ICHI match but is broader, covering any ossicular reconstruction without specifying the graft position or the type II classification detail.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2373006	Buffy coat smear evaluation			<XG06E8(A buffy coat smear is a microscopic examination of the leukocyte-enriched layer of centrifuged blood, which is a specific type of peripheral blood film examination. ICHI's XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination broadly without distinguishing the buffy coat preparation, making it a wider match.)		<XG06E8(A buffy coat smear is a microscopic examination of the leukocyte-enriched layer of centrifuged blood, which is a specific type of peripheral blood film examination. ICHI's XG06E8 covers peripheral blood film examination broadly without distinguishing the buffy coat preparation, making it a wider match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2382000	Application of manual or electric breast pump			<NUH(ICHI has no code specifically for mechanical breast milk expression with a pump; the most applicable assignable code is NUH (Lactation), which covers the lactation function broadly but does not capture the specific device-based intervention of applying a breast pump. NUH is wider because it encompasses all interventions on lactation, not just the mechanical pumping action described in the SNOMED concept.)		<NUH(ICHI has no code specifically for mechanical breast milk expression with a pump; the most applicable assignable code is NUH (Lactation), which covers the lactation function broadly but does not capture the specific device-based intervention of applying a breast pump. NUH is wider because it encompasses all interventions on lactation, not just the mechanical pumping action described in the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2386002	Reduction of closed patellar dislocation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2393003	Ligation of vein of lower limb					?IFD.LA.AA(IFD.LA.AA covers occlusion of lower limb vein at the same anatomical level, and ligation is a method of occlusion; however, the ICHI code uses the broader action "occlusion" (LA axis) rather than specifying ligation as the technique, so the match is approximate rather than exact.)	?IFD.LA.AA(IFD.LA.AA covers occlusion of lower limb vein at the same anatomical level, and ligation is a method of occlusion; however, the ICHI code uses the broader action "occlusion" (LA axis) rather than specifying ligation as the technique, so the match is approximate rather than exact.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2406000	Periodontic dental consultation and report					?KAE.AE.AC(ICHI has no concept for "consultation and report" nor for a periodontics-specialist encounter; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest available assessment-type code within the oral/dental section, but it is scoped to teeth rather than the periodontium and does not capture the consultation or reporting component.)	?KAE.AE.AC(ICHI has no concept for "consultation and report" nor for a periodontics-specialist encounter; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest available assessment-type code within the oral/dental section, but it is scoped to teeth rather than the periodontium and does not capture the consultation or reporting component.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2407009	Excision of mediastinal tumor
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2408004	Hexosaminidase A and total hexosaminidase measurement, serum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2409007	Reattachment of extremity of foot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2425002	Epstein-Barr virus serologic test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2442008	Incision of lacrimal canaliculus			<BAD.FA.AA(ICHI classifies the lacrimal canaliculus as part of the lacrimal apparatus (confirmed by extension code XA6C35 for lacrimal canaliculi) but provides only one incision code at the level of the whole lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the canaliculus specifically.)		<BAD.FA.AA(ICHI classifies the lacrimal canaliculus as part of the lacrimal apparatus (confirmed by extension code XA6C35 for lacrimal canaliculi) but provides only one incision code at the level of the whole lacrimal apparatus; BAD.FA.AA is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept which targets the canaliculus specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2448007	Cell count of synovial fluid with differential count
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2455009	Revision of lumbosubarachnoid shunt			<ABG.SN.AE(ICHI does not have a dedicated code for revision of a lumbosubarachnoid shunt; ABG.SN.AE is the best available code as it covers interventions managing an existing internal device within the spinal canal.)		<ABG.SN.AE(ICHI does not have a dedicated code for revision of a lumbosubarachnoid shunt; ABG.SN.AE is the best available code as it covers interventions managing an existing internal device within the spinal canal.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2457001	Blind rehabilitation therapy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2458006	Educational therapy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2459003	Destructive procedure of artery of upper extremity	?ICA.LA.AA(ICHI does not have a generic "destructive procedure of artery" code; occlusion is the closest representable destructive intervention on an upper limb artery, but captures only one modality rather than the full range of destructive approaches.)				?ICA.LA.AA(ICHI does not have a generic "destructive procedure of artery" code; occlusion is the closest representable destructive intervention on an upper limb artery, but captures only one modality rather than the full range of destructive approaches.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2474001	Repair of malunion of metatarsal bones
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2475000	Urine specimen collection, 24 hours
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2480009	Debridement of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2486003	Destruction of tissue of breast				~LCA.GA.AA(LCA.GA.AA maps directly to "destruction of lesion or tissue of breast" with the same target, action, and an open means — essentially the same as the SNOMED display term.)	~LCA.GA.AA(LCA.GA.AA maps directly to "destruction of lesion or tissue of breast" with the same target, action, and an open means — essentially the same as the SNOMED display term.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2488002	Prescription, fitting and dispensing of contact lens			<UAD.TI.ZZ(This SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities (prescription, fitting, dispensing), none of which map precisely in ICHI; UAD.TI.ZZ captures only the prescription component and is broader in scope, while the fitting/dispensing aspects have no ICHI equivalent.)		<UAD.TI.ZZ(This SNOMED concept bundles three distinct activities (prescription, fitting, dispensing), none of which map precisely in ICHI; UAD.TI.ZZ captures only the prescription component and is broader in scope, while the fitting/dispensing aspects have no ICHI equivalent.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2494005	Nursing conference	?PZB.TD.ZZ(A nursing conference is a structured interdisciplinary meeting to coordinate patient care, most closely related to case coordination in ICHI; however PZB.TD.ZZ is a clinical intervention on the patient rather than a professional meeting activity, so the match is only relational.)				?PZB.TD.ZZ(A nursing conference is a structured interdisciplinary meeting to coordinate patient care, most closely related to case coordination in ICHI; however PZB.TD.ZZ is a clinical intervention on the patient rather than a professional meeting activity, so the match is only relational.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2498008	Rebase of upper partial denture			<KAE.SM.AC(No ICHI code exists for rebasing a partial denture; "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest available code but covers the full range of dental appliance management without specificity for rebasing, partial denture type, or arch.)		<KAE.SM.AC(No ICHI code exists for rebasing a partial denture; "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the closest available code but covers the full range of dental appliance management without specificity for rebasing, partial denture type, or arch.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2507007	5' Nucleotidase measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2514009	Reduction of closed humeral supracondylar fracture with manipulation and traction
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2517002	Stroke rehabilitation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2530001	Chiropractic visit			<PZB.ZZ.ZZ(A chiropractic visit is an administrative/organisational encounter concept rather than a specific procedure, and PZB.ZZ.ZZ "Health management encounter, unspecified" is the closest ICHI equivalent for a general healthcare contact. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any health encounter regardless of profession or specialty.)		<PZB.ZZ.ZZ(A chiropractic visit is an administrative/organisational encounter concept rather than a specific procedure, and PZB.ZZ.ZZ "Health management encounter, unspecified" is the closest ICHI equivalent for a general healthcare contact. The ICHI code is broader as it covers any health encounter regardless of profession or specialty.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2531002	Mononuclear cell function assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2535006	Pulpectomy			<KAE.ML.AC(Pulpectomy (complete removal of dental pulp) is a core component of root canal therapy, but KAE.ML.AC covers the full root canal therapy procedure including canal shaping, cleaning, and obturation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<KAE.ML.AC(Pulpectomy (complete removal of dental pulp) is a core component of root canal therapy, but KAE.ML.AC covers the full root canal therapy procedure including canal shaping, cleaning, and obturation, making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2536007	Injection of medication in anterior chamber of eye
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2547000	Excision of keloid			<LZZ.JI.AA(ICHI has no specific code for keloid excision; LZZ.JI.AA covers any local skin lesion excision at any site rather than being specific to keloid tissue.)		<LZZ.JI.AA(ICHI has no specific code for keloid excision; LZZ.JI.AA covers any local skin lesion excision at any site rather than being specific to keloid tissue.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2552005	Incision of cerebral subarachnoid space
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2566000	Osteoplasty of radius
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2567009	Resection of rib by transaxillary approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2598006	Open heart surgery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2601001	Removal of bone flap of skull				~MAA.JJ.AA(Craniectomy is defined as surgical removal of a portion (flap) of the skull bone, which is precisely what "removal of bone flap of skull" describes. The ICHI code directly captures both the target (skull) and the action (partial bone excision/JJ = partial ostectomy).)	~MAA.JJ.AA(Craniectomy is defined as surgical removal of a portion (flap) of the skull bone, which is precisely what "removal of bone flap of skull" describes. The ICHI code directly captures both the target (skull) and the action (partial bone excision/JJ = partial ostectomy).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2607002	Operation on uterus supporting structures
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2614000	Removal of ligature from fallopian tube
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2616003	Repair of bifid digit of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2619005	Psychiatric interpretation to family or parents of patient
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2629003	Intracranial/cerebral perfusion pressure monitoring
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2632000	Incision and drainage of infected bursa of upper arm
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2642003	Prefabricated post and core in addition to crown			<KAE.MK.AC(A prefabricated post-and-core build-up combined with a crown is a specific form of tooth restoration, but KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restoration procedures at a broader level. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for post-and-core restorations; the closest assignable category under "Interventions on teeth" is the general restoration code.)		<KAE.MK.AC(A prefabricated post-and-core build-up combined with a crown is a specific form of tooth restoration, but KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restoration procedures at a broader level. ICHI does not have a dedicated code for post-and-core restorations; the closest assignable category under "Interventions on teeth" is the general restoration code.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2643008	Ligation of varicose vein of head and neck
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2644002	Cauterization of liver			<KCA.GA.AA(KCA.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the liver by open approach with unspecified means, which encompasses cauterization of the liver but is broader in that it includes any destructive modality (e.g., radiofrequency, cryotherapy) and the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular lesion vs. tissue target. This is the closest available ICHI code; no cauterization-specific liver code exists.)		<KCA.GA.AA(KCA.GA.AA covers destruction of lesion or tissue of the liver by open approach with unspecified means, which encompasses cauterization of the liver but is broader in that it includes any destructive modality (e.g., radiofrequency, cryotherapy) and the SNOMED concept does not specify a particular lesion vs. tissue target. This is the closest available ICHI code; no cauterization-specific liver code exists.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2645001	Intelligence test/WB1
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2646000	Incision and exploration of vas deferens
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2658000	Social service interview of patient			<SX1.AN.ZZ(The ICHI code captures the correct intervention method (interview) within the social and community domain, but is broader because it encompasses community and civic life generally, not specifically social service delivery by a social service professional.)		<SX1.AN.ZZ(The ICHI code captures the correct intervention method (interview) within the social and community domain, but is broader because it encompasses community and civic life generally, not specifically social service delivery by a social service professional.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2659008	Suture of ligament of lower extremity	?MML.MK.AA(ICHI has no single code covering ligament repair across the entire lower extremity; region-specific codes exist (knee, foot/toe, lower leg) but each covers only one sub-region. MML.MK.AA is selected as a representative code for the most common lower extremity ligament repair site, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically broader than any single ICHI category.)				?MML.MK.AA(ICHI has no single code covering ligament repair across the entire lower extremity; region-specific codes exist (knee, foot/toe, lower leg) but each covers only one sub-region. MML.MK.AA is selected as a representative code for the most common lower extremity ligament repair site, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically broader than any single ICHI category.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2668005	Recementation of space maintainer
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2673004	Incision and drainage of masticator space by extraoral approach					?KAZ.JB.AC(ICHI has no dedicated masticator space code; the oral cavity NEC drainage code is the closest anatomical match but does not distinguish the extraoral approach nor the combined incision-and-drainage nature of the procedure.)	?KAZ.JB.AC(ICHI has no dedicated masticator space code; the oral cavity NEC drainage code is the closest anatomical match but does not distinguish the extraoral approach nor the combined incision-and-drainage nature of the procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2677003	Stripping					?IFD.JJ.AA("Stripping" without further qualification most commonly refers to surgical vein stripping (saphenectomy); IFD.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but ICHI does not have a dedicated "stripping" technique term, and the SNOMED concept is generic enough that it could refer to non-venous stripping.)	?IFD.JJ.AA("Stripping" without further qualification most commonly refers to surgical vein stripping (saphenectomy); IFD.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but ICHI does not have a dedicated "stripping" technique term, and the SNOMED concept is generic enough that it could refer to non-venous stripping.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2690005	Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2693007	Stool fat, quantitative measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2696004	Hepatic venography with hemodynamic evaluation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2697008	Stripping and ligation of saphenous vein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2716009	Dermal-fat-fascia graft			<LZZ.ML.AA(ICHI's skin graft NEC captures the graft of integumentary (dermal) tissue, but the SNOMED concept involves a composite graft of dermis, fat, and fascia together — a more precise multi-tissue construct that ICHI does not represent at this granularity.)		<LZZ.ML.AA(ICHI's skin graft NEC captures the graft of integumentary (dermal) tissue, but the SNOMED concept involves a composite graft of dermis, fat, and fascia together — a more precise multi-tissue construct that ICHI does not represent at this granularity.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2722000	IL-3 assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2731000	Serologic test for Influenza A virus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2732007	Recession of tendon of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2737001	Exploratory craniotomy, infratentorial
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2742009	Destruction of Bartholin's gland or cyst
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2743004	Operative endoscopy of ileum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2745006	Omentopexy				~KMA.LC.AA(ICHI contains an exact term-level match, "Omentopexy" (KMA.LC.AA), which describes the same open surgical fixation of the omentum as the SNOMED concept.)	~KMA.LC.AA(ICHI contains an exact term-level match, "Omentopexy" (KMA.LC.AA), which describes the same open surgical fixation of the omentum as the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2752008	Incudopexy			<CBF.ML.AC(Incudopexy is the surgical stabilisation (fixation) of the incus ossicle specifically, but ICHI has no dedicated incudopexy or incus-fixation code; the closest assignable code is ossicular chain reconstruction, which covers the broader category of ossicular surgery.)		<CBF.ML.AC(Incudopexy is the surgical stabilisation (fixation) of the incus ossicle specifically, but ICHI has no dedicated incudopexy or incus-fixation code; the closest assignable code is ossicular chain reconstruction, which covers the broader category of ossicular surgery.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2794006	Cauterization of navel
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2802005	Manual dilation and stretching
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2811005	Cineradiography of pharynx			<KAR.BA.BA(Cineradiography is a dynamic (motion) X-ray technique, which is more specific than a plain X-ray, and is typically applied to the pharynx broadly (not restricted to the oral pharynx); KAR.BA.BA captures the imaging-of-pharynx intent but is broader as it does not reflect the dynamic/cine nature or the full pharyngeal scope. No dedicated ICHI code for fluoroscopic/cine imaging of the pharynx exists.)		<KAR.BA.BA(Cineradiography is a dynamic (motion) X-ray technique, which is more specific than a plain X-ray, and is typically applied to the pharynx broadly (not restricted to the oral pharynx); KAR.BA.BA captures the imaging-of-pharynx intent but is broader as it does not reflect the dynamic/cine nature or the full pharyngeal scope. No dedicated ICHI code for fluoroscopic/cine imaging of the pharynx exists.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2813008	Nephroureterocystectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2837008	Transposition of ulnar nerve at elbow
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2842000	Gas chromatography measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2843005	Revision of urinary conduit			<NAE.LI.AA(ICHI does not have a dedicated revision-of-conduit code; NAE.LI.AA "Urinary diversion" is the most relevant code in the ureter block and covers the creation/management of urinary conduits, but it is broader and does not specifically represent revision of an existing conduit.)		<NAE.LI.AA(ICHI does not have a dedicated revision-of-conduit code; NAE.LI.AA "Urinary diversion" is the most relevant code in the ureter block and covers the creation/management of urinary conduits, but it is broader and does not specifically represent revision of an existing conduit.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2851008	Arthrotomy for synovectomy of sternoclavicular joint
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2854000	Bursectomy of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2857007	Complete pinealectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2866006	Obliteration of lymphatic structure	?DFZ.JJ.AA(ICHI offers destruction of lymphatic vessel and occlusion of lymphatic vessel but both target "vessel" specifically; DFZ.JJ.AA uses the unspecified lymphatic structure target which better matches the broad SNOMED concept, though excision is not the same action as obliteration.)				?DFZ.JJ.AA(ICHI offers destruction of lymphatic vessel and occlusion of lymphatic vessel but both target "vessel" specifically; DFZ.JJ.AA uses the unspecified lymphatic structure target which better matches the broad SNOMED concept, though excision is not the same action as obliteration.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2885009	Intradermal skin test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2891006	Arthroscopy of elbow with partial synovectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2898000	DNA analysis, antenatal, blood
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2908005	Destruction of hemorrhoids by cryotherapy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2914003	Anterior sclerotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2915002	Suture of capsule of ankle
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2945004	Suprapubic diverticulectomy of bladder
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2947007	Therapeutic compound measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2960001	Repair of fistula of cervix
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2968008	Craniectomy with treatment of penetrating wound of brain			<AAA.JG.AA(Treatment of a penetrating brain wound principally involves debridement of contaminated/damaged brain tissue. The ICHI code does not capture the craniectomy component nor the penetrating-wound mechanism, so it is broader than the full SNOMED procedure.)		<AAA.JG.AA(Treatment of a penetrating brain wound principally involves debridement of contaminated/damaged brain tissue. The ICHI code does not capture the craniectomy component nor the penetrating-wound mechanism, so it is broader than the full SNOMED procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2970004	Metacarpal lengthening and transfer of local flap
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2971000	Closure of urethrovaginal fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	2977001	Thrombectomy of lower limb vein				~IFD.JE.AA(ICHI's "extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb" directly corresponds to thrombectomy (removal of a thrombus as an obstruction) of a lower limb vein, with the same anatomical target and procedural intent. Both codes cover the full range of lower limb veins without further specificity, making this a semantic equivalent.)	~IFD.JE.AA(ICHI's "extraction of obstruction from vein of lower limb" directly corresponds to thrombectomy (removal of a thrombus as an obstruction) of a lower limb vein, with the same anatomical target and procedural intent. Both codes cover the full range of lower limb veins without further specificity, making this a semantic equivalent.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3001009	Total lobectomy with bronchoplasty
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3010001	Removal of silastic tubes from ear
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3016007	Removal of Crutchfield tongs from skull				~MAA.JD.AH(Crutchfield tongs are an external skeletal traction device applied to the skull and removed without surgical incision, matching exactly the ICHI code for removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision. The means axis AH ("without incision") precisely captures the non-surgical nature of removing skull tongs.)	~MAA.JD.AH(Crutchfield tongs are an external skeletal traction device applied to the skull and removed without surgical incision, matching exactly the ICHI code for removal of internal device or foreign body from skull without incision. The means axis AH ("without incision") precisely captures the non-surgical nature of removing skull tongs.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3025001	Calcitonin measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3026000	Tibiotalar arthrodesis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3029007	Peripheral nervous system disease rehabilitation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3041000	Repair of stomach				~KBF.MK.AA(The ICHI code title is an exact lexical and semantic match — both describe repair of the stomach without further specification of technique or approach.)	~KBF.MK.AA(The ICHI code title is an exact lexical and semantic match — both describe repair of the stomach without further specification of technique or approach.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3047001	Kowa fundus photography
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3060007	Forequarter amputation, right
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3061006	Complete avulsion of nail
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3063009	Gastroscopy through artificial stoma					?KBF.AE.AB(Transabdominal gastroscopy aligns with scope insertion via an abdominal wall approach but does not explicitly mean "through an artificial stoma.")	?KBF.AE.AB(Transabdominal gastroscopy aligns with scope insertion via an abdominal wall approach but does not explicitly mean "through an artificial stoma.")
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3075004	Nonoperative removal of prosthesis of bile duct
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3078002	Embolectomy with catheter of renal artery by abdominal incision			<IEA.JE.AF(IEA.JE.AF covers extraction of obstruction (embolus/thrombus) from any abdominal or pelvic artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the renal artery specifically via open abdominal incision with a catheter; no ICHI code exists for open catheter embolectomy of the renal artery specifically, and the means axis (AF = endovascular) diverges from the open surgical approach, further confirming the ICHI code is a wider but best-available match.)		<IEA.JE.AF(IEA.JE.AF covers extraction of obstruction (embolus/thrombus) from any abdominal or pelvic artery, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the renal artery specifically via open abdominal incision with a catheter; no ICHI code exists for open catheter embolectomy of the renal artery specifically, and the means axis (AF = endovascular) diverges from the open surgical approach, further confirming the ICHI code is a wider but best-available match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3083005	Removal of device from thorax
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3090000	Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of lower limb artery			<IFA.ML.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies aneurysmectomy followed by graft replacement, a specific reconstructive technique; IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of artery of lower limb broadly, making the ICHI code wider.)		<IFA.ML.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies aneurysmectomy followed by graft replacement, a specific reconstructive technique; IFA.ML.AA covers reconstruction of artery of lower limb broadly, making the ICHI code wider.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3112006	Restraint removal	?PZX.SO.AH(ICHI has no specific code for removing physical/behavioral restraints. PZX.SO.AH covers removal of an externally applied product from the body, but a restraint is a restrictive safety device rather than an assistive product.)				?PZX.SO.AH(ICHI has no specific code for removing physical/behavioral restraints. PZX.SO.AH covers removal of an externally applied product from the body, but a restraint is a restrictive safety device rather than an assistive product.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3116009	Blood coagulation panel
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3130004	Monitoring of cardiac output by ECG
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3133002	Patient discharge, deceased, autopsy		>PZA.AE.AA(The SNOMED concept covers a composite administrative-plus-procedural event (discharge of a deceased patient with an autopsy performed), whereas ICHI's PZA.AE.AA codes only the autopsy procedure itself, leaving the discharge disposition unrepresented; the ICHI code is therefore more specific to one component and narrower in administrative scope.)			>PZA.AE.AA(The SNOMED concept covers a composite administrative-plus-procedural event (discharge of a deceased patient with an autopsy performed), whereas ICHI's PZA.AE.AA codes only the autopsy procedure itself, leaving the discharge disposition unrepresented; the ICHI code is therefore more specific to one component and narrower in administrative scope.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3137001	Reimplantation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3143004	Visual field examination and evaluation, intermediate
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3162001	Gadolinium measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3164000	Open reduction of closed mandibular fracture with interdental fixation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3165004	Irrigation of muscle of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3166003	Repair of salivary gland fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3177009	Internal obstetrical version
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3183007	Closure of colostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3186004	Excision of Skene's gland
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3190002	Epilation by forceps
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3204007	Destructive procedure of nerve		>ACA.GA.AA(The SNOMED concept is unqualified and covers destruction of any nerve (peripheral, cranial, or spinal). ICHI has no generic "destruction of nerve" code; ACA.GA.AA is specific to peripheral nerves, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. Peripheral nerve is chosen as the best default since unqualified "nerve" most commonly implies peripheral nerve in clinical usage.)			>ACA.GA.AA(The SNOMED concept is unqualified and covers destruction of any nerve (peripheral, cranial, or spinal). ICHI has no generic "destruction of nerve" code; ACA.GA.AA is specific to peripheral nerves, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. Peripheral nerve is chosen as the best default since unqualified "nerve" most commonly implies peripheral nerve in clinical usage.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3241008	Correction of chordee with mobilization of urethra			<NGM.MK.AA(Chordee correction with urethral mobilisation is a specific penile reconstructive surgery (straightening the curved penis and repositioning the urethra), which falls under repair of the penis; ICHI has no more precise code capturing both the chordee correction and urethra mobilisation components specifically.)		<NGM.MK.AA(Chordee correction with urethral mobilisation is a specific penile reconstructive surgery (straightening the curved penis and repositioning the urethra), which falls under repair of the penis; ICHI has no more precise code capturing both the chordee correction and urethra mobilisation components specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3249005	Surgical construction of filtration bleb	?BCB.JB.AA(A filtration bleb is a subconjunctival reservoir created by fashioning a fistula through the sclera (trabeculectomy) to drain aqueous humour; ICHI has no code that captures the bleb construction aspect specifically.)				?BCB.JB.AA(A filtration bleb is a subconjunctival reservoir created by fashioning a fistula through the sclera (trabeculectomy) to drain aqueous humour; ICHI has no code that captures the bleb construction aspect specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3257008	Empty and measure peritoneal dialysis fluid			<KMA.JC.AE(The SNOMED concept describes a specific step within peritoneal dialysis — draining and volumetrically measuring the effluent — whereas the ICHI code covers the entire peritoneal dialysis procedure, making it broader than this single procedural component.)		<KMA.JC.AE(The SNOMED concept describes a specific step within peritoneal dialysis — draining and volumetrically measuring the effluent — whereas the ICHI code covers the entire peritoneal dialysis procedure, making it broader than this single procedural component.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3258003	Arteriography of cerebral arteries
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3270004	Implantation of neurostimulator in spine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3278006	Lysis of adhesions of bursa of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3287002	Cholecystogastrostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3320000	Autotransfusion
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3326006	Excision of bunionette
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3328007	Incision of vein of head and neck
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3333006	Application of short arm splint, forearm to hand, static
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3338002	Open reduction of open radial shaft fracture			<MFB.LD.AA(MFB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any forearm bone (radius or ulna) without distinguishing the specific bone, shaft location, or open versus closed fracture status, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the radial shaft with an open fracture.)		<MFB.LD.AA(MFB.LD.AA covers open reduction of any forearm bone (radius or ulna) without distinguishing the specific bone, shaft location, or open versus closed fracture status, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies the radial shaft with an open fracture.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3352000	Parathyroid hormone measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3357006	Iron kinetics study			<DTA.AC.ZZ(An iron kinetics (ferrokinetics) study uses radiolabeled iron to measure rates of iron absorption, transport, and incorporation into red cells. No specific ICHI code exists; DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest broader haematological function test.)		<DTA.AC.ZZ(An iron kinetics (ferrokinetics) study uses radiolabeled iron to measure rates of iron absorption, transport, and incorporation into red cells. No specific ICHI code exists; DTA.AC.ZZ is the closest broader haematological function test.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3360004	Anastomosis of bile ducts
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3390006	Verification routine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3399007	Reduction of torsion of omentum				~KMA.LD.AA(The ICHI code title is an exact lexical and semantic match for the SNOMED concept — both describe the same specific procedure of untwisting omental torsion.)	~KMA.LD.AA(The ICHI code title is an exact lexical and semantic match for the SNOMED concept — both describe the same specific procedure of untwisting omental torsion.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3407002	Creation of lesion of spinal cord by percutaneous method
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3413006	Blood cell morphology
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3418002	Chondrectomy of spine				~MBV.JJ.AA("Discectomy of spine" without site specification maps directly to MBV.JJ.AA, which covers excision (discectomy) of an intervertebral disc at an unspecified spinal site; the semantics are equivalent at this level of generality.)	~MBV.JJ.AA("Discectomy of spine" without site specification maps directly to MBV.JJ.AA, which covers excision (discectomy) of an intervertebral disc at an unspecified spinal site; the semantics are equivalent at this level of generality.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3432000	Preventive dental service			<BlockL5-KAE(ICHI has no category code for "preventive dental service" as a concept; the "Interventions on teeth" block is the broadest appropriate anchor, and the SNOMED concepts 86039003 and 3432000 are semantically near-equivalent at this level of ICHI granularity.)		<BlockL5-KAE(ICHI has no category code for "preventive dental service" as a concept; the "Interventions on teeth" block is the broadest appropriate anchor, and the SNOMED concepts 86039003 and 3432000 are semantically near-equivalent at this level of ICHI granularity.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3450007	Lymphocytes, T and B cell evaluation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3457005	Patient referral				~UEP.TI.ZZ(UEP.TI.ZZ directly encodes the act of referring a patient to a health provider, which is the core semantic of the SNOMED concept "Patient referral"; both concepts describe the same administrative health intervention without additional specificity constraints.)	~UEP.TI.ZZ(UEP.TI.ZZ directly encodes the act of referring a patient to a health provider, which is the core semantic of the SNOMED concept "Patient referral"; both concepts describe the same administrative health intervention without additional specificity constraints.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3479000	Removal of heart assist system with replacement					?HZZ.JD.AH(ICHI has no combined removal-with-replacement code for a heart assist system; the VAD-specific removal codes (HBA/HBB/HBZ) each specify laterality which is not given in the SNOMED concept, while HZZ.JD.AH covers removal of any extrinsic cardiac assist device without capturing the replacement component, making this an inexact match.)	?HZZ.JD.AH(ICHI has no combined removal-with-replacement code for a heart assist system; the VAD-specific removal codes (HBA/HBB/HBZ) each specify laterality which is not given in the SNOMED concept, while HZZ.JD.AH covers removal of any extrinsic cardiac assist device without capturing the replacement component, making this an inexact match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3498003	Total excision of pituitary gland by transsphenoidal approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3499006	Aspiration of vitreous with replacement					?BCD.AD.AA(BCD.AD.AA captures aspiration of the vitreous body but is labeled "diagnostic" and does not encode the replacement/substitution component; no ICHI code in the vitreous block combines aspiration with instillation of a replacement agent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.)	?BCD.AD.AA(BCD.AD.AA captures aspiration of the vitreous body but is labeled "diagnostic" and does not encode the replacement/substitution component; no ICHI code in the vitreous block combines aspiration with instillation of a replacement agent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3509001	Streptococcus vaccination
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3515001	Replacement of electronic heart device, pulse generator			<HFC.KA.AA(HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the pulse generator component; ICHI does not have a code restricted to generator-only replacement, making it broader.)		<HFC.KA.AA(HFC.KA.AA covers replacement of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to the pulse generator component; ICHI does not have a code restricted to generator-only replacement, making it broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3517009	Removal of foreign body of pelvis from subcutaneous tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3518004	Aversive psychotherapy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3527003	Antibody measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3546002	Aortocoronary artery bypass graft with saphenous vein graft
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3559005	Insertion of ureteral stent with ureterotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3562008	Rodney Smith operation, radical subtotal pancreatectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3564009	Removal of foreign body from fallopian tube				~NMC.JD.AA(The ICHI code covers exactly the same anatomical site (fallopian tube) and procedure action (removal of foreign body).)	~NMC.JD.AA(The ICHI code covers exactly the same anatomical site (fallopian tube) and procedure action (removal of foreign body).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3575008	Repair of fascia with graft of fascia			<MRS.ML.AA(No ICHI code exists for unspecified-site fascia repair/reconstruction; fascia falls within soft tissue and the graft-based nature of the procedure aligns with reconstruction (ML action). The code is wider because it does not specify the target tissue as fascia, the graft material as fascia, or any body site.)		<MRS.ML.AA(No ICHI code exists for unspecified-site fascia repair/reconstruction; fascia falls within soft tissue and the graft-based nature of the procedure aligns with reconstruction (ML action). The code is wider because it does not specify the target tissue as fascia, the graft material as fascia, or any body site.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3580004	Removal of calculus of pharynx	?KAR.JD.AC(ICHI contains no calculus-specific code for the pharynx; pharyngeal calculi (e.g., tonsilloliths, pharyngoliths) are functionally analogous to foreign bodies and the closest available code is removal of foreign body from the oropharynx, but the semantic match is only approximate and anatomical specificity may differ.)				?KAR.JD.AC(ICHI contains no calculus-specific code for the pharynx; pharyngeal calculi (e.g., tonsilloliths, pharyngoliths) are functionally analogous to foreign bodies and the closest available code is removal of foreign body from the oropharynx, but the semantic match is only approximate and anatomical specificity may differ.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3605001	Reduction of ciliary body
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3620007	Red cell survival study with hepatic sequestration
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3651000	Morphometric analysis, nerve	?ACA.AD.AA(Morphometric analysis of nerve tissue is a quantitative microscopic examination performed on nerve biopsy material; ACA.AD.AA captures the closest related procedural act in ICHI but represents specimen acquisition, not the morphometric analysis itself.)				?ACA.AD.AA(Morphometric analysis of nerve tissue is a quantitative microscopic examination performed on nerve biopsy material; ACA.AD.AA captures the closest related procedural act in ICHI but represents specimen acquisition, not the morphometric analysis itself.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3654008	Lingulectomy of lung
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3659003	Incision of inner ear				~CCA.FA.AC(CCA.FA.AC maps precisely to "Incision of inner ear," matching the SNOMED display term exactly in both the anatomical target (inner ear) and the action (incision).)	~CCA.FA.AC(CCA.FA.AC maps precisely to "Incision of inner ear," matching the SNOMED display term exactly in both the anatomical target (inner ear) and the action (incision).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3664004	Repair of scleral fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3666002	Peripheral neurorrhaphy				~ACA.LB.AA(Neurorrhaphy is the suturing of a severed nerve, which is semantically equivalent to anastomosis of a peripheral nerve (joining nerve ends) as coded in ACA.LB.AA; both terms describe the same operative act of re-joining nerve ends.)	~ACA.LB.AA(Neurorrhaphy is the suturing of a severed nerve, which is semantically equivalent to anastomosis of a peripheral nerve (joining nerve ends) as coded in ACA.LB.AA; both terms describe the same operative act of re-joining nerve ends.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3669009	Fitting of prosthesis or prosthetic device of upper arm
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3673007	Leadbetter urethral reconstruction
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3683006	Selenium measurement, urine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3686003	Zancolli operation for tendon transfer of biceps
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3690001	Shunt of left subclavian to descending aorta by Blalock-Park operation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3691002	Wedge osteotomy of tarsals and metatarsals
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3697003	Tissue processing technique, routine, embed, cut and stain, per autopsy			<PZA.AE.AA(This SNOMED concept describes histological tissue processing steps performed in the context of an autopsy; the ICHI autopsy code captures the overall procedure but does not represent the downstream laboratory tissue processing technique itself.)		<PZA.AE.AA(This SNOMED concept describes histological tissue processing steps performed in the context of an autopsy; the ICHI autopsy code captures the overall procedure but does not represent the downstream laboratory tissue processing technique itself.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3700004	Erysiphake extraction of cataract by intracapsular approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3701000	Removal of foreign body of hip from subcutaneous tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3713005	Release for de Quervain's tenosynovitis of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3717006	Dilute Russell viper venom time
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3735002	Coproporphyrin III measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3740005	Removal of foreign body of canthus by incision
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3748003	Biopsy of perirenal tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3749006	Reduction of closed ischial fracture
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3758004	Thrombectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by neck incision			<ICA.JE.AA(ICA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code for open thrombectomy of the subclavian artery, but it is broader in target (all upper limb arteries) and does not distinguish the neck incision access route from other open approaches.)		<ICA.JE.AA(ICA.JE.AA is the best available ICHI code for open thrombectomy of the subclavian artery, but it is broader in target (all upper limb arteries) and does not distinguish the neck incision access route from other open approaches.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3770000	Ward urine dip stick testing
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3778007	Manipulation of scrotal tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3780001	Routine patient disposition, no follow-up planned
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3784005	Delayed hypersensitivity skin test for SK-SD
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3786007	Excision of lesion of pharynx
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3787003	Ultrasonic guidance for needle biopsy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3794000	Pregnanetriol measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3796003	Excision of redundant mucosa from jejunostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3802001	Dental application of desensitizing medicament
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3819004	Embolization of thoracic artery				~IDA.LA.AF(IDA.LA.AF directly names embolisation or occlusion of the thoracic artery, matching both the target (thoracic artery) and the intervention type (endovascular embolisation) of the SNOMED concept. The inclusion of "occlusion" alongside embolisation in the ICHI title does not alter the semantic equivalence, as embolisation is the primary technique captured.)	~IDA.LA.AF(IDA.LA.AF directly names embolisation or occlusion of the thoracic artery, matching both the target (thoracic artery) and the intervention type (endovascular embolisation) of the SNOMED concept. The inclusion of "occlusion" alongside embolisation in the ICHI title does not alter the semantic equivalence, as embolisation is the primary technique captured.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3826004	Blepharotomy with drainage of abscess of eyelid
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3828003	Open biopsy of vertebral body of thoracic region			<MBG.AD.AA(MBG.AD.AA covers biopsy of the thoracic spine broadly, which encompasses a vertebral body biopsy of the thoracic region, but it does not specify the vertebral body sub-target, making the ICHI code broader.)		<MBG.AD.AA(MBG.AD.AA covers biopsy of the thoracic spine broadly, which encompasses a vertebral body biopsy of the thoracic region, but it does not specify the vertebral body sub-target, making the ICHI code broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3831002	Chiropractic application of ice
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3843001	Removal of foreign body from fascia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3858009	Echography of thyroid, A-mode
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3861005	Aneurysmectomy with anastomosis of lower limb artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3864002	Excisional biopsy of scrotum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3880007	Excision of lesion of fibula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3881006	Incision and drainage of submental space by extraoral approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3887005	Ligation of wart
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3889008	Suture of lip
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3891000	Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent dentition, for class I malocclusion					?KAE.SM.AC(ICHI has no specific orthodontic treatment code; KAE.SM.AC captures ongoing management of orthodontic braces but does not cover the full scope of comprehensive orthodontic treatment including diagnosis, planning, and fitting, nor does it distinguish dentition type or malocclusion class.)	?KAE.SM.AC(ICHI has no specific orthodontic treatment code; KAE.SM.AC captures ongoing management of orthodontic braces but does not cover the full scope of comprehensive orthodontic treatment including diagnosis, planning, and fitting, nor does it distinguish dentition type or malocclusion class.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3895009	Application of dressing
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3907006	Incision and drainage of retroperitoneal abscess
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3915009	Excision of artery of thorax and abdomen	?IDA.JJ.AA(The SNOMED concept spans both thoracic and abdominal arteries, but ICHI splits these into separate codes (IDA.JJ.AA thoracic; HIH.JJ.AA abdominal aorta) with no single covering code. IDA.JJ.AA is the closest representative for the thoracic component.)				?IDA.JJ.AA(The SNOMED concept spans both thoracic and abdominal arteries, but ICHI splits these into separate codes (IDA.JJ.AA thoracic; HIH.JJ.AA abdominal aorta) with no single covering code. IDA.JJ.AA is the closest representative for the thoracic component.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3917001	Excisional biopsy of phalanges of foot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3918006	Plastic repair with lengthening			<LZZ.MK.AA(ICHI has no concept that combines plastic repair with a lengthening technique in a body-site-unspecified manner; LZZ.MK.AA captures only the repair-of-skin aspect and does not encode the lengthening technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity.)		<LZZ.MK.AA(ICHI has no concept that combines plastic repair with a lengthening technique in a body-site-unspecified manner; LZZ.MK.AA captures only the repair-of-skin aspect and does not encode the lengthening technique, making it broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3926003	Lactic acid measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3929005	Patient transfer, in-hospital, bed-to-bed
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3936006	Making Foster bed
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3938007	Cerclage for retinal reattachment
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3942005	Cystopexy				~NAI.LC.AA(ICHI contains an exact title match "Cystopexy" at NAI.LC.AA (fixation of the urinary bladder), which is a direct 1:1 semantic match to the SNOMED concept.)	~NAI.LC.AA(ICHI contains an exact title match "Cystopexy" at NAI.LC.AA (fixation of the urinary bladder), which is a direct 1:1 semantic match to the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3955006	Antibody elution, RBC
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3957003	Arteriectomy of thoracoabdominal aorta
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3963007	Operation on submaxillary gland			<BlockL5-KAM(The submaxillary (submandibular) gland is a major salivary gland, and ICHI's BlockL5-KAM covers all salivary gland interventions without distinguishing the submandibular from parotid or sublingual glands. The SNOMED concept is a generic category for any operation on that specific gland, best represented by this block which is broader in anatomical scope.)		<BlockL5-KAM(The submaxillary (submandibular) gland is a major salivary gland, and ICHI's BlockL5-KAM covers all salivary gland interventions without distinguishing the submandibular from parotid or sublingual glands. The SNOMED concept is a generic category for any operation on that specific gland, best represented by this block which is broader in anatomical scope.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3967008	Fluorescence polarization immunoassay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3968003	Facetectomy of vertebra			<MBZ.JJ.AA(A facetectomy is a partial excision of the articular facet of a vertebra, which fits squarely within the concept of partial ostectomy of vertebra. ICHI does not have a facet-specific code, so MBZ.JJ.AA is broader but the best available match.)		<MBZ.JJ.AA(A facetectomy is a partial excision of the articular facet of a vertebra, which fits squarely within the concept of partial ostectomy of vertebra. ICHI does not have a facet-specific code, so MBZ.JJ.AA is broader but the best available match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3969006	Removal of osteocartilagenous loose body from joint structures			<MZZ.JD.AA(An osteocartilaginous loose body in a joint maps to a musculoskeletal foreign body in ICHI; the NEC code is used because no specific joint is named. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any musculoskeletal site and any device or foreign body.)		<MZZ.JD.AA(An osteocartilaginous loose body in a joint maps to a musculoskeletal foreign body in ICHI; the NEC code is used because no specific joint is named. The ICHI code is wider as it covers any musculoskeletal site and any device or foreign body.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3971006	Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier detection
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3980006	Subtotal resection of esophagus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3981005	Carrier detection, molecular genetics
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3991004	Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, prostate and bladder
`http://snomed.info/sct`	3998005	Bone imaging of limited area
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4007002	Anti-human globulin test, indirect, titer, non-gamma
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4008007	Phlebography of neck
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4027001	Implantation of electronic stimulator into phrenic nerve
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4028006	Epiplopexy				~KMA.LC.AA("Epiplopexy" is the fixation of the epiploon (omentum) — the same procedure as omentopexy, which is the ICHI term using the anatomical synonym. The concepts are semantically identical; only the terminology differs (Greek-derived vs Latin-derived).)	~KMA.LC.AA("Epiplopexy" is the fixation of the epiploon (omentum) — the same procedure as omentopexy, which is the ICHI term using the anatomical synonym. The concepts are semantically identical; only the terminology differs (Greek-derived vs Latin-derived).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4034004	Closed reduction of facial fracture, except mandible
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4035003	Restoration, resin, two surfaces, posterior, permanent
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4036002	Arthroscopy of elbow with extensive debridement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4037006	Removal of vascular graft or prosthesis			<IZE.JD.AF(This SNOMED concept covers both graft and prosthesis removal, and IZE.JD.AF is the best available ICHI fit as it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from a blood vessel NEC. ICHI does not distinguish graft versus prosthesis removal as separate codes, so a wider match applies.)		<IZE.JD.AF(This SNOMED concept covers both graft and prosthesis removal, and IZE.JD.AF is the best available ICHI fit as it covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from a blood vessel NEC. ICHI does not distinguish graft versus prosthesis removal as separate codes, so a wider match applies.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4044002	Permanent colostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4045001	Drainage of cerebral ventricle by incision				~AAE.JB.AA(AAE.JB.AA maps directly to drainage of the cerebral ventricles; the open approach corresponds to the "by incision" qualifier in the SNOMED term.)	~AAE.JB.AA(AAE.JB.AA maps directly to drainage of the cerebral ventricles; the open approach corresponds to the "by incision" qualifier in the SNOMED term.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4052004	Percutaneous aspiration of spinal cord cyst
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4064007	Specimen aliquoting
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4068005	Removal of ventricular reservoir with synchronous replacement			<AAE.KA.AA(A ventricular reservoir (such as Ommaya) is an internal device in the ventricular system; AAE.KA.AA covers all ventricular device replacements and is broader than the reservoir-specific SNOMED concept.)		<AAE.KA.AA(A ventricular reservoir (such as Ommaya) is an internal device in the ventricular system; AAE.KA.AA covers all ventricular device replacements and is broader than the reservoir-specific SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4083000	Fitting of prosthesis or prosthetic device of lower arm
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4084006	Repair of tendon of hand with transplant of muscle
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4090005	Replacement of transvenous atrial and ventricular pacemaker electrode leads
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4094001	Reduction of retroversion of uterus by pessary	?NME.LD.AC(ICHI has no code for pharmacological repositioning of a retroverted uterus by suppository; manual repositioning of inverted uterus (NME.LD.AC) is the closest concept as both involve non-surgical repositioning of a malpositioned uterus, but retroversion differs anatomically from inversion and the means (suppository vs. manual) differ.)				?NME.LD.AC(ICHI has no code for pharmacological repositioning of a retroverted uterus by suppository; manual repositioning of inverted uterus (NME.LD.AC) is the closest concept as both involve non-surgical repositioning of a malpositioned uterus, but retroversion differs anatomically from inversion and the means (suppository vs. manual) differ.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4114003	Parenteral chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm	?PZA.DB.AF(ICHI has no dedicated "chemotherapy" or "antineoplastic" code; the closest structural match is PZA.DB.AF (pharmacotherapy delivered percutaneously transluminal, i.e. intravenous route), which captures the systemic parenteral delivery of a drug but is generic to any pharmacotherapy and does not encode the oncological indication or the malignant-neoplasm target.)				?PZA.DB.AF(ICHI has no dedicated "chemotherapy" or "antineoplastic" code; the closest structural match is PZA.DB.AF (pharmacotherapy delivered percutaneously transluminal, i.e. intravenous route), which captures the systemic parenteral delivery of a drug but is generic to any pharmacotherapy and does not encode the oncological indication or the malignant-neoplasm target.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4116001	Fenestration procedure	?CCA.ML.AA(The SNOMED concept is a generic, non-site-specific surgical fenestration procedure, while ICHI CCA.ML.AA specifies fenestration of the inner ear with graft. CCA.ML.AA is the only ICHI code explicitly describing a fenestration/window construction, but the SNOMED concept encompasses window construction at any body site and without the graft qualifier.)				?CCA.ML.AA(The SNOMED concept is a generic, non-site-specific surgical fenestration procedure, while ICHI CCA.ML.AA specifies fenestration of the inner ear with graft. CCA.ML.AA is the only ICHI code explicitly describing a fenestration/window construction, but the SNOMED concept encompasses window construction at any body site and without the graft qualifier.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4119008	Intracranial phlebectomy with anastomosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4139007	Posterior spinal cordotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4143006	Injection of anterior chamber of eye
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4149005	Bone histomorphometry, aluminum stain
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4154001	Incision and drainage of penis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4165006	Delayed hypersensitivity skin test for staphage lysate
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4192000	Toxicology testing for organophosphate insecticide
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4213001	Implantation of Ommaya reservoir			<AAE.DN.AA(An Ommaya reservoir is a specific type of internal device implanted into the cerebral ventricles; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal ventricular device.)		<AAE.DN.AA(An Ommaya reservoir is a specific type of internal device implanted into the cerebral ventricles; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any internal ventricular device.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4214007	Intracardiac injection for cardiac resuscitation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4226002	Excision of lesion of thoracic vein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4252008	Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement by interposition
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4263006	Biopsy of soft tissue of elbow area, superficial
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4266003	Referral to drug addiction rehabilitation service
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4285000	Insertion of bone growth stimulator into femur
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4293000	Reduction of intussusception by laparotomy			<KBK.LD.AA(The ICHI code covers open surgical manipulation of the small intestine including manual reduction at laparotomy, but is a residual NEC category broader than this specific SNOMED concept.)		<KBK.LD.AA(The ICHI code covers open surgical manipulation of the small intestine including manual reduction at laparotomy, but is a residual NEC category broader than this specific SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4304000	Excision of cusp of tricuspid valve
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4319004	Rebase of complete lower denture			<KAE.SM.AC(ICHI lacks any code specifically for denture rebasing (resurfacing the tissue-fitting surface of a denture); "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the broadest applicable category covering dental prosthetic maintenance procedures.)		<KAE.SM.AC(ICHI lacks any code specifically for denture rebasing (resurfacing the tissue-fitting surface of a denture); "Management of external appliance of tooth" is the broadest applicable category covering dental prosthetic maintenance procedures.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4321009	Bilateral leg arteriogram
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4323007	Destruction of lesion of sclera
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4333004	Incision and drainage of perisplenic space
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4336007	Lloyd-Davies operation, abdominoperineal resection
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4337003	Homogentisic acid measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4339000	Repair of nasolabial fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4341004	Complete submucous resection of turbinate
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4344007	Cryopexy			<BCC.MK.AA(Cryopexy is the application of extreme cold to create chorioretinal adhesion, typically for retinal detachment. BCC.MK.AA encompasses all retinal repair techniques without specifying cryotherapy as the means.)		<BCC.MK.AA(Cryopexy is the application of extreme cold to create chorioretinal adhesion, typically for retinal detachment. BCC.MK.AA encompasses all retinal repair techniques without specifying cryotherapy as the means.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4348005	Musculoplasty of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4350002	Removal of implant of cornea
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4363008	Endoscopic brush biopsy of trachea
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4365001	Surgical repair	?MRS.MK.AA(SNOMED "Surgical repair" is a generic concept covering repair of any body structure. ICHI has extensive repair (MK) codes, all body-site-specific. MRS.MK.AA is the most generic available, targeting soft tissue at an unspecified musculoskeletal site, but does not encompass repair of skin, vessels, organs, or other structures.)				?MRS.MK.AA(SNOMED "Surgical repair" is a generic concept covering repair of any body structure. ICHI has extensive repair (MK) codes, all body-site-specific. MRS.MK.AA is the most generic available, targeting soft tissue at an unspecified musculoskeletal site, but does not encompass repair of skin, vessels, organs, or other structures.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4380007	Transposition of vulvar tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4387005	Valvuloplasty of pulmonary valve in total repair of tetralogy of Fallot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4388000	Repair of splenocolic fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4407008	Slitting of lacrimal canaliculus for passage of tube			<BAD.FA.AA(Slitting (incising) the lacrimal canaliculus to allow tube intubation is best captured by incision of the lacrimal apparatus, reflecting the primary surgical action; broader as it covers incision of any part of the lacrimal apparatus rather than specifically canaliculotomy with tube placement.)		<BAD.FA.AA(Slitting (incising) the lacrimal canaliculus to allow tube intubation is best captured by incision of the lacrimal apparatus, reflecting the primary surgical action; broader as it covers incision of any part of the lacrimal apparatus rather than specifically canaliculotomy with tube placement.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4411002	Removal of device from female genital tract
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4420006	Incision and drainage of parapharyngeal abscess by external approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4424002	Making orthopedic bed
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4436008	MCP receptor measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4438009	Venography of vena cava
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4443002	Decortication of ovary			<NMA.JJ.AA(Ovarian decortication strips the thickened cortex (a form of partial tissue removal); ICHI has no dedicated decortication code, so partial excision is the best available match.)		<NMA.JJ.AA(Ovarian decortication strips the thickened cortex (a form of partial tissue removal); ICHI has no dedicated decortication code, so partial excision is the best available match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4447001	Autopsy, gross and microscopic examination, stillborn or newborn without CNS
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4449003	Manipulation of spinal meninges
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4450003	Application of Kirschner wire			<MRB.DN.AE(A Kirschner wire (K-wire) is inserted percutaneously into bone for fixation, which corresponds to the ICHI action (DN = implantation of device) and means (AE = percutaneous) axes; however, the ICHI code does not specify the wire as the device type and uses an unspecified anatomical site.)		<MRB.DN.AE(A Kirschner wire (K-wire) is inserted percutaneously into bone for fixation, which corresponds to the ICHI action (DN = implantation of device) and means (AE = percutaneous) axes; however, the ICHI code does not specify the wire as the device type and uses an unspecified anatomical site.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4455008	Open reduction of open elbow dislocation			<MEJ.LD.AA(MEJ.LD.AA captures the target (elbow joint), action (reduction), and means (open/AA) precisely, matching all core elements of the SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it covers open reduction of any elbow joint displacement (including dislocation of any severity), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to reduction of an open (i.e. compound, skin-breaching) dislocation — a more specific clinical scenario that ICHI does not distinguish at the code level.)		<MEJ.LD.AA(MEJ.LD.AA captures the target (elbow joint), action (reduction), and means (open/AA) precisely, matching all core elements of the SNOMED concept. However, it is wider because it covers open reduction of any elbow joint displacement (including dislocation of any severity), whereas the SNOMED concept specifically refers to reduction of an open (i.e. compound, skin-breaching) dislocation — a more specific clinical scenario that ICHI does not distinguish at the code level.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4457000	Insertion of mold into vagina			<NMH.DL.AC(NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of inserting a vaginal mold (typically a space-maintaining splint used post-surgery or for dilation). The ICHI code does not distinguish the type of device inserted.)		<NMH.DL.AC(NMH.DL.AC covers insertion of any internal device into the vagina, which is broader than the specific SNOMED concept of inserting a vaginal mold (typically a space-maintaining splint used post-surgery or for dilation). The ICHI code does not distinguish the type of device inserted.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4466001	Exploration of artery of upper limb
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4467005	Excision of tumor of ankle area, deep, intramuscular
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4475004	Cyanide measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4487006	Norepinephrine measurement, supine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4489009	Neurolysis of trigeminal nerve
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4503005	Removal of foreign body of sclera without use of magnet
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4504004	Potter's obstetrical version with extraction
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4505003	Tenolysis of flexor tendon of forearm
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4507006	Decompression fasciotomy of wrist, flexor and extensor compartment
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4511000	Restoration, inlay, composite/resin, one surface, laboratory processed			<KAE.MK.AC(KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count, or fabrication method (laboratory processed). The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions.)		<KAE.MK.AC(KAE.MK.AC covers all tooth restorations without distinguishing material type, restoration subtype (inlay), surface count, or fabrication method (laboratory processed). The ICHI code is broader in all four dimensions.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4516005	Iridencleisis and iridotasis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4520009	Anastomosis of esophagus, antesternal or antethoracic, with insertion of prosthesis			<KBA.LB.AA(KBA.LB.AA covers oesophageal anastomosis in general, but the SNOMED concept specifies two additional elements — the antesternal/antethoracic routing and the concurrent insertion of a prosthesis — neither of which is represented in the ICHI code.)		<KBA.LB.AA(KBA.LB.AA covers oesophageal anastomosis in general, but the SNOMED concept specifies two additional elements — the antesternal/antethoracic routing and the concurrent insertion of a prosthesis — neither of which is represented in the ICHI code.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4525004	Emergency department patient visit	?PZB.ZZ.ZZ(An emergency department patient visit is an administrative/organisational encounter concept rather than a specific clinical intervention, and ICHI does not have a dedicated emergency department encounter code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents the closest structural match as an unspecified health management encounter.)				?PZB.ZZ.ZZ(An emergency department patient visit is an administrative/organisational encounter concept rather than a specific clinical intervention, and ICHI does not have a dedicated emergency department encounter code; PZB.ZZ.ZZ represents the closest structural match as an unspecified health management encounter.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4533003	Ligation of artery of lower limb
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4535005	Incision of pelvirectal tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4539004	Excision of bronchogenic cyst
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4542005	Closed reduction of fracture of foot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4544006	Excision of subcutaneous tumor of extremities
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4558008	Anterior resection of rectum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4570007	Chemopallidectomy			<AAA.GA.AA(Chemopallidectomy is the chemical (stereotactic injection-based) destruction of the globus pallidus for movement disorder treatment; ICHI has no pallidus-specific or chemical-injection-specific destruction code. The closest available code is the generic brain tissue/lesion destruction code, which is broader, covering any technique and any brain target rather than the globus pallidus specifically.)		<AAA.GA.AA(Chemopallidectomy is the chemical (stereotactic injection-based) destruction of the globus pallidus for movement disorder treatment; ICHI has no pallidus-specific or chemical-injection-specific destruction code. The closest available code is the generic brain tissue/lesion destruction code, which is broader, covering any technique and any brain target rather than the globus pallidus specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4581005	Coreoplasty
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4585001	Decompression of tendon of hand				~MGT.FC.AA(Functional equivalent; site and action match.)	~MGT.FC.AA(Functional equivalent; site and action match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4587009	Epiphysiodesis of distal radius
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4593001	Cauterization of sclera with iridectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4594007	Coproporphyrin isomers, series I & III, urine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4613005	Radioimmunoassay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4625008	Apical pulse taking
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4626009	Take-down of arterial anastomosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4636001	Denker operation for radical maxillary antrotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4640005	Ligation of fallopian tubes by abdominal approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4642002	Removal of inflatable penile prosthesis, with pump, reservoir and cylinders			<NGM.JD.AA(NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the penis; ICHI does not distinguish prosthesis type or specify pump/reservoir/cylinder components.)		<NGM.JD.AA(NGM.JD.AA covers removal of any internal device from the penis; ICHI does not distinguish prosthesis type or specify pump/reservoir/cylinder components.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4670000	Catheterization of bronchus			<BlockL5-JBB(ICHI has no specific "insertion of catheter into bronchus" code — the bronchus intervention block covers the range of bronchial procedures but is a broader organisational grouping. No assignable category in ICHI directly represents bronchial catheterization.)		<BlockL5-JBB(ICHI has no specific "insertion of catheter into bronchus" code — the bronchus intervention block covers the range of bronchial procedures but is a broader organisational grouping. No assignable category in ICHI directly represents bronchial catheterization.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4671001	Excision of lesion from sphenoid sinus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4691008	Identification of rotavirus antigen in feces
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4694000	Percutaneous needle biopsy of muscle
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4699005	Alpha naphthyl butyrate stain method, blood or bone marrow
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4701005	Colony forming unit-granulocyte-monocyte-erythroid-megakaryocyte assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4707009	Partial excision of calcaneus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4712005	Removal of Gardner Wells tongs from skull				~MAA.JD.AH(Gardner Wells tongs are an external skeletal traction device anchored to the skull and are removed without a surgical incision, which maps directly to MAA.JD.AH; the ICHI code captures both the skull target and the non-incisional removal approach.)	~MAA.JD.AH(Gardner Wells tongs are an external skeletal traction device anchored to the skull and are removed without a surgical incision, which maps directly to MAA.JD.AH; the ICHI code captures both the skull target and the non-incisional removal approach.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4713000	Endoscopy and photography
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4719001	Psychologic cognitive testing and assessment
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4727005	Lipoprotein electrophoresis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4734007	Irrigation of wound catheter of integument			<LZZ.JA.AH(LZZ.JA.AH covers irrigation of skin and subcutaneous tissue within the integumentary system block, matching the anatomical target and the irrigation action precisely. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the irrigation is performed via a wound catheter — it covers irrigation of integumentary tissue by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about catheter-delivered irrigation of a wound in the integument.)		<LZZ.JA.AH(LZZ.JA.AH covers irrigation of skin and subcutaneous tissue within the integumentary system block, matching the anatomical target and the irrigation action precisely. However, the ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept because it does not specify that the irrigation is performed via a wound catheter — it covers irrigation of integumentary tissue by any means, whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically about catheter-delivered irrigation of a wound in the integument.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4737000	Mycobacteria culture
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4756005	Cryotherapy of subcutaneous tissue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4758006	Incudostapediopexy			<CBF.ML.AC(Incudostapediopexy is a specific ossicular chain repair procedure in which the incus is fixed to the stapes; ICHI's "Ossicular chain reconstruction" (block: Interventions on ossicles of ear) is the correct structural category but broader, covering all types of ossicular reconstruction rather than this specific incudo-stapedial fixation technique.)		<CBF.ML.AC(Incudostapediopexy is a specific ossicular chain repair procedure in which the incus is fixed to the stapes; ICHI's "Ossicular chain reconstruction" (block: Interventions on ossicles of ear) is the correct structural category but broader, covering all types of ossicular reconstruction rather than this specific incudo-stapedial fixation technique.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4764004	Jet ventilation procedure
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4765003	Insertion of ocular implant following or secondary to enucleation			<BZZ.DL.AC(BZZ.DL.AC directly describes insertion of an ocular implant, which matches the core procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the insertion is secondary to or following enucleation.)		<BZZ.DL.AC(BZZ.DL.AC directly describes insertion of an ocular implant, which matches the core procedure. The ICHI code is wider because it does not specify that the insertion is secondary to or following enucleation.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4770005	Colporrhaphy for repair of urethrocele
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4772002	Reduction of torsion of spermatic cord				~NGD.LD.AA(The ICHI code title is an exact lexical and semantic match — both describe the same procedure of reducing spermatic cord torsion (testicular torsion detorsion).)	~NGD.LD.AA(The ICHI code title is an exact lexical and semantic match — both describe the same procedure of reducing spermatic cord torsion (testicular torsion detorsion).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4784000	Operation on sublingual gland			<BlockL5-KAM(ICHI does not have a sublingual-gland-specific intervention code; all salivary gland procedures (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.) are classified under the "Interventions on salivary gland" block without distinguishing between parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the sublingual gland.)		<BlockL5-KAM(ICHI does not have a sublingual-gland-specific intervention code; all salivary gland procedures (biopsy, excision, repair, etc.) are classified under the "Interventions on salivary gland" block without distinguishing between parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The block is broader than the SNOMED concept, which is limited to the sublingual gland.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4804005	Microbial identification test					?XG6201(XG6201 captures the core concept of microorganism identification (genus and species level for bacteria and fungi) and is the closest ICHI match; however, it is narrower in taxonomic scope than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all microorganisms including viruses and parasites, not just bacteria and fungi.)	?XG6201(XG6201 captures the core concept of microorganism identification (genus and species level for bacteria and fungi) and is the closest ICHI match; however, it is narrower in taxonomic scope than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all microorganisms including viruses and parasites, not just bacteria and fungi.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4811009	Reconstruction of diaphragm					?MCX.ML.AA(ICHI has no dedicated "reconstruction of diaphragm" code; the diaphragm block (MCX) contains only repair, biopsy, imaging, and device codes. MCX.ML.AA is the closest available match as it involves structural restoration of the diaphragm using a graft or prosthesis.)	?MCX.ML.AA(ICHI has no dedicated "reconstruction of diaphragm" code; the diaphragm block (MCX) contains only repair, biopsy, imaging, and device codes. MCX.ML.AA is the closest available match as it involves structural restoration of the diaphragm using a graft or prosthesis.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4815000	Antibody identification, RBC antibody panel, enzyme, 2 stage technique including anti-human globulin
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4820000	Incision of labial frenum			<KAZ.FA.AC(ICHI has no dedicated code for the labial frenum; the labial frenum is an oral cavity structure and KAZ.FA.AC is the residual "incision of oral cavity, NEC" code that serves as the best available container, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED target (labial frenum only).)		<KAZ.FA.AC(ICHI has no dedicated code for the labial frenum; the labial frenum is an oral cavity structure and KAZ.FA.AC is the residual "incision of oral cavity, NEC" code that serves as the best available container, but it is broader than the specific SNOMED target (labial frenum only).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4827002	Shower hydrotherapy	?PZA.ZZ.BS(Shower hydrotherapy uses directed water spray, whereas PZA.ZZ.BS describes full-body immersion hydrotherapy; related but mechanically distinct, and shower/spray hydrotherapy is not separately coded in ICHI.)				?PZA.ZZ.BS(Shower hydrotherapy uses directed water spray, whereas PZA.ZZ.BS describes full-body immersion hydrotherapy; related but mechanically distinct, and shower/spray hydrotherapy is not separately coded in ICHI.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4829004	Excision of small intestine for interposition
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4849008	Biopsy of ovary
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4862007	Revision of anastomosis of large intestine	?KBZ.LB.AA(KBZ.LB.AA captures large intestinal anastomosis but does not convey revision of an existing anastomosis; the SNOMED concept is specifically corrective/revisional rather than primary anastomosis creation.)				?KBZ.LB.AA(KBZ.LB.AA captures large intestinal anastomosis but does not convey revision of an existing anastomosis; the SNOMED concept is specifically corrective/revisional rather than primary anastomosis creation.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4877004	Extracapsular extraction of lens with iridectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4891005	Proctostomy				~KBW.LI.AA(ICHI contains an exact title match for "Proctostomy" as an assignable leaf category. The code represents the same surgical creation of an opening into the rectum using an open approach.)	~KBW.LI.AA(ICHI contains an exact title match for "Proctostomy" as an assignable leaf category. The code represents the same surgical creation of an opening into the rectum using an open approach.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4895001	Construction of sigmoid bladder
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4902005	Ethchlorvynol measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4903000	Serum protein electrophoresis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4904006	Dilation of anal sphincter under nonlocal anesthesia			<KBX.LG.AC(ICHI KBX.LG.AC encodes dilatation of the anal sphincter exactly, but does not capture the anesthesia qualifier (nonlocal/general anesthesia) that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from simple office-based anal dilation, making the ICHI code broader.)		<KBX.LG.AC(ICHI KBX.LG.AC encodes dilatation of the anal sphincter exactly, but does not capture the anesthesia qualifier (nonlocal/general anesthesia) that distinguishes this SNOMED concept from simple office-based anal dilation, making the ICHI code broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4914002	Treatment planning for teletherapy			<PZB.TB.ZZ(ICHI has no code specific to radiation therapy treatment planning; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning, whole-person level) is the closest structural match as it captures the planning action applied to an individual patient. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify radiation therapy as the modality being planned.)		<PZB.TB.ZZ(ICHI has no code specific to radiation therapy treatment planning; PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning, whole-person level) is the closest structural match as it captures the planning action applied to an individual patient. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify radiation therapy as the modality being planned.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4929000	Local perfusion of kidney
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4930005	Repair of thoracogastric fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4957007	Cervical spinal fusion for pseudoarthrosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4966006	Extracorporeal perfusion
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4970003	Venography
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4974007	Operation on liver			<BlockL5-KCA(SNOMED is a high-level grouper for any surgical operation on the liver, with no single ICHI category code covering the full scope of liver procedures. The block BlockL5-KCA encompasses all liver interventions (biopsy, excision, repair, transplant, etc.) and is the best structural match, though it is broader in ICHI's hierarchy than the SNOMED concept implies.)		<BlockL5-KCA(SNOMED is a high-level grouper for any surgical operation on the liver, with no single ICHI category code covering the full scope of liver procedures. The block BlockL5-KCA encompasses all liver interventions (biopsy, excision, repair, transplant, etc.) and is the best structural match, though it is broader in ICHI's hierarchy than the SNOMED concept implies.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4987001	Osteoplasty of cranium with flap of bone			<MAA.ML.AA(MAA.ML.AA covers cranial osteoplasty in general, encompassing the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the bone flap technique, making the ICHI code wider.)		<MAA.ML.AA(MAA.ML.AA covers cranial osteoplasty in general, encompassing the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code does not specify the bone flap technique, making the ICHI code wider.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4992004	Cardiac catheterization, left heart, retrograde, percutaneous			<HZA.AB.AF(HZA.AB.AF precisely captures the left heart cardiac catheterisation target and action, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific approach qualifiers present in the SNOMED concept — namely the retrograde arterial route and the percutaneous access method — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<HZA.AB.AF(HZA.AB.AF precisely captures the left heart cardiac catheterisation target and action, but the ICHI code does not encode the specific approach qualifiers present in the SNOMED concept — namely the retrograde arterial route and the percutaneous access method — making the ICHI code broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	4993009	Ischemic limb exercise with EMG and lactic acid determination			<HTM.AC.ZZ(The SNOMED concept describes a specific protocol combining ischemic limb exercise, EMG, and lactate measurement to assess muscle metabolic function; HTM.AC.ZZ is much broader, covering functional exercise testing without the ischemic stress, EMG, or lactate components.)		<HTM.AC.ZZ(The SNOMED concept describes a specific protocol combining ischemic limb exercise, EMG, and lactate measurement to assess muscle metabolic function; HTM.AC.ZZ is much broader, covering functional exercise testing without the ischemic stress, EMG, or lactate components.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5019003	Direct laryngoscopy with biopsy				~JAN.AD.AD(JAN.AD.AD directly encodes laryngoscopy combined with biopsy, which is semantically identical to the SNOMED concept; the "direct" qualifier in SNOMED specifies the conventional rigid/direct laryngoscope approach, which is the default implied by JAN.AD.AD, making this an exact match.)	~JAN.AD.AD(JAN.AD.AD directly encodes laryngoscopy combined with biopsy, which is semantically identical to the SNOMED concept; the "direct" qualifier in SNOMED specifies the conventional rigid/direct laryngoscope approach, which is the default implied by JAN.AD.AD, making this an exact match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5021008	Aldosterone measurement, standing, normal salt diet
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5022001	Lysergic acid diethylamide measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5025004	Semen analysis, presence and motility of sperm
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5048009	External cephalic version with tocolysis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5055006	Uniscept system test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5057003	Radical orbitomaxillectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5091004	Peripheral vascular disease study			<ITB.AB.AH(A "peripheral vascular disease study" is a diagnostic evaluation of peripheral vessel function (e.g., ABI, plethysmography); ITB.AB.AH is the closest ICHI match but is broader in scope as it covers any vascular function measurement, not specifically a peripheral vascular disease-focused diagnostic study.)		<ITB.AB.AH(A "peripheral vascular disease study" is a diagnostic evaluation of peripheral vessel function (e.g., ABI, plethysmography); ITB.AB.AH is the closest ICHI match but is broader in scope as it covers any vascular function measurement, not specifically a peripheral vascular disease-focused diagnostic study.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5105000	Endoscopy of renal pelvis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5110001	Ultrasound peripheral imaging, real time scan
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5113004	T4 free measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5119000	Epiglottidectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5121005	Wedge osteotomy of pelvic bone
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5130002	Extraction of primary membranous cataract by discission			<BBF.JK.AA(ICHI does not have a specific code for discission as a technique, nor for "membranous" or "primary" cataract; BBF.JK.AA is the closest parent, broader as it does not capture the technique or specific cataract type.)		<BBF.JK.AA(ICHI does not have a specific code for discission as a technique, nor for "membranous" or "primary" cataract; BBF.JK.AA is the closest parent, broader as it does not capture the technique or specific cataract type.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5147001	Excision of lesion of ankle joint
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5151004	Manual reduction of hemorrhoids	?KBX.LD.AH(Internal hemorrhoids that prolapse and are manually reduced involve the same anatomical area (anal canal) and the same mechanical reduction action, and ICHI's "Reduction of anal prolapse" is the closest available code. However, the ICHI code specifically refers to prolapse reduction rather than hemorrhoid reduction, making this a related-to rather than equivalent match.)				?KBX.LD.AH(Internal hemorrhoids that prolapse and are manually reduced involve the same anatomical area (anal canal) and the same mechanical reduction action, and ICHI's "Reduction of anal prolapse" is the closest available code. However, the ICHI code specifically refers to prolapse reduction rather than hemorrhoid reduction, making this a related-to rather than equivalent match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5154007	Speech therapy					?JU1.PH.ZZ(Speech therapy as a clinical discipline encompasses assessment, training, advising, and counselling of speech and language functions, whereas JU1.PH.ZZ captures only the training/exercise component; the block BlockL4-JU1 (Interventions on voice and speech) would be a better structural fit but is not an assignable category code, making JU1.PH.ZZ the best available assignable approximation.)	?JU1.PH.ZZ(Speech therapy as a clinical discipline encompasses assessment, training, advising, and counselling of speech and language functions, whereas JU1.PH.ZZ captures only the training/exercise component; the block BlockL4-JU1 (Interventions on voice and speech) would be a better structural fit but is not an assignable category code, making JU1.PH.ZZ the best available assignable approximation.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5161006	Specialty clinic admission
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5162004	Excision of pressure injury
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5165002	Division of thoracic artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5176003	Thromboendarterectomy with graft of renal artery			<IEA.JE.AA(The renal artery is an abdominal artery covered by the IEA target, but ICHI does not differentiate the renal vessel from other abdominal arteries at this code level, and the graft component of the SNOMED procedure is not captured.)		<IEA.JE.AA(The renal artery is an abdominal artery covered by the IEA target, but ICHI does not differentiate the renal vessel from other abdominal arteries at this code level, and the graft component of the SNOMED procedure is not captured.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5182000	Total body perfusion
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5184004	Osteotomy of shaft of femur with fixation			<MLB.FA.AA(ICHI has no specific code for osteotomy of the femoral shaft with fixation; MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally without the shaft sub-segment or fixation component.)		<MLB.FA.AA(ICHI has no specific code for osteotomy of the femoral shaft with fixation; MLB.FA.AA covers osteotomy of the femur generally without the shaft sub-segment or fixation component.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5186002	Arthrotomy for synovectomy of glenohumeral joint					?MDJ.JJ.AA(ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; synovectomy (excision of synovial membrane) is best represented as a partial excision of the shoulder joint via open approach, but ICHI's "partial excision" is not specific to the synovial membrane and could encompass other tissue, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.)	?MDJ.JJ.AA(ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; synovectomy (excision of synovial membrane) is best represented as a partial excision of the shoulder joint via open approach, but ICHI's "partial excision" is not specific to the synovial membrane and could encompass other tissue, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5190000	Cell fusion
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5191001	Surgical treatment of missed abortion of second trimester			<NME.JE.AC(ICHI does not distinguish trimester-specific missed miscarriage management; D&C of the uterus is the standard surgical procedure used, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the retained-products-of-conception indication or the trimester.)		<NME.JE.AC(ICHI does not distinguish trimester-specific missed miscarriage management; D&C of the uterus is the standard surgical procedure used, but the ICHI code is broader as it does not specify the retained-products-of-conception indication or the trimester.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5212002	Excision of lesion of lacrimal gland by frontal approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5216004	Three dimensional ultrasound imaging of heart
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5233006	Lateral fasciotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5243009	Suture of adenoid fossa
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5246001	Breakpoint cluster region analysis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5264008	Total bile acids measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5267001	Ligation of adrenal artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5270002	Destruction of both fallopian tubes
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5273000	Reduction of closed fracture of proximal end of ulna with manipulation			<MFB.LD.AH(ICHI groups both radius and ulna under "bone of forearm" with no separate ulna code and no distinction for the proximal end; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both bone identity and fracture location.)		<MFB.LD.AH(ICHI groups both radius and ulna under "bone of forearm" with no separate ulna code and no distinction for the proximal end; the SNOMED concept is more specific in both bone identity and fracture location.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5282006	Operation on oropharynx			<BlockL5-KAR(ICHI's block BlockL5-KAR directly corresponds to the oropharynx (termed "oral pharynx" in ICHI) and groups all 20 oropharynx intervention categories, making it the appropriate match for this broad SNOMED grouper. No single ICHI category captures the full scope of "any operation on the oropharynx.")		<BlockL5-KAR(ICHI's block BlockL5-KAR directly corresponds to the oropharynx (termed "oral pharynx" in ICHI) and groups all 20 oropharynx intervention categories, making it the appropriate match for this broad SNOMED grouper. No single ICHI category captures the full scope of "any operation on the oropharynx.")
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5290006	Incision and drainage of Ludwig's angina
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5298004	Incision and drainage of deep hematoma of thigh region
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5304008	Deep radiation therapy, 200-300 KVP
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5316002	Closed osteotomy of mandibular ramus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5317006	Radical amputation of penis with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5326009	Administration of dermatologic formulation			<PZA.DB.AH(Topical application of pharmacotherapy is the best available ICHI match for administration of a dermatologic formulation, though the ICHI code is broader as it covers all topical pharmacotherapy to the whole body rather than specifically dermatologic preparations applied to skin.)		<PZA.DB.AH(Topical application of pharmacotherapy is the best available ICHI match for administration of a dermatologic formulation, though the ICHI code is broader as it covers all topical pharmacotherapy to the whole body rather than specifically dermatologic preparations applied to skin.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5328005	Shortening of Achilles tendon
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5337005	Trocar biopsy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5338000	Nicotine measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5342002	Prophylactic treatment of tibia with methyl methacrylate	?MNB.DN.AA(ICHI groups tibia and fibula together in MNB, making the target broader than the tibia-specific SNOMED concept; the "implantation of device" action is an approximate fit for cement injection rather than an exact match.)				?MNB.DN.AA(ICHI groups tibia and fibula together in MNB, making the target broader than the tibia-specific SNOMED concept; the "implantation of device" action is an approximate fit for cement injection rather than an exact match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5357009	Leukocyte poor blood preparation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5373003	Stress breaker			<KAE.LC.AC(A stress breaker is a specific prosthodontic connector component fitted into a removable partial denture to reduce mechanical forces on abutment teeth; ICHI has no code specific to this component, and KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the broadest applicable category.)		<KAE.LC.AC(A stress breaker is a specific prosthodontic connector component fitted into a removable partial denture to reduce mechanical forces on abutment teeth; ICHI has no code specific to this component, and KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device) is the broadest applicable category.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5384005	Excision of part of frontal cortex
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5391008	Artificial voice rehabilitation					?JUG.PH.ZZ("Artificial voice rehabilitation" targets the restoration of voice after laryngectomy using an artificial means (e.g., electrolarynx, tracheoesophageal speech), which maps most closely to ICHI's "Training of alternative vocalisation functions" — but ICHI focuses on the training/rehabilitation component and does not capture the surgical or device implantation aspects that may accompany the procedure.)	?JUG.PH.ZZ("Artificial voice rehabilitation" targets the restoration of voice after laryngectomy using an artificial means (e.g., electrolarynx, tracheoesophageal speech), which maps most closely to ICHI's "Training of alternative vocalisation functions" — but ICHI focuses on the training/rehabilitation component and does not capture the surgical or device implantation aspects that may accompany the procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5393006	Exploration of parathyroid with mediastinal exploration by sternal split approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5402006	Manipulation of thoracic artery	?IDA.MK.AA(ICHI contains no "manipulation of thoracic artery" code, and the thoracic artery block (IDA) only includes specific vascular procedures (excision, occlusion, dilatation, bypass, repair, reconstruction). Repair of artery of thorax is used as a relatedto match since "manipulation" of a vessel surgically most often refers to handling during repair, but this is approximate.)				?IDA.MK.AA(ICHI contains no "manipulation of thoracic artery" code, and the thoracic artery block (IDA) only includes specific vascular procedures (excision, occlusion, dilatation, bypass, repair, reconstruction). Repair of artery of thorax is used as a relatedto match since "manipulation" of a vessel surgically most often refers to handling during repair, but this is approximate.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5407000	Injection of fallopian tube
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5415002	Destruction of lesion of liver				~KCA.GA.AA(KCA.GA.AA explicitly names "destruction of lesion or tissue of liver," a direct semantic match to the SNOMED concept.)	~KCA.GA.AA(KCA.GA.AA explicitly names "destruction of lesion or tissue of liver," a direct semantic match to the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5419008	Lysis of adhesions of tendon of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5422005	Amylase measurement, peritoneal fluid					?XG9SZ5(XG9SZ5 covers the amylase measurement action but is not specific to peritoneal fluid as the specimen source, and also encompasses lipase measurement. The SNOMED concept is more precise in both analyte specificity (amylase only) and specimen type (peritoneal fluid only).)	?XG9SZ5(XG9SZ5 covers the amylase measurement action but is not specific to peritoneal fluid as the specimen source, and also encompasses lipase measurement. The SNOMED concept is more precise in both analyte specificity (amylase only) and specimen type (peritoneal fluid only).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5431005	Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty			<IZA.LG.AF(IZA.LG.AF represents the generic percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation not classified to a specific artery; ICHI is slightly broader as it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast.)		<IZA.LG.AF(IZA.LG.AF represents the generic percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation not classified to a specific artery; ICHI is slightly broader as it does not specify fluoroscopic guidance with contrast.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5446003	Excision of cervical rib for outlet compression syndrome with sympathectomy					?MCB.JK.AA(This compound procedure combines cervical rib excision with cervical sympathectomy (ADB.JK.AA); ICHI has no single code encoding this combination, so MCB.JK.AA captures only the dominant rib removal component and omits the sympathectomy.)	?MCB.JK.AA(This compound procedure combines cervical rib excision with cervical sympathectomy (ADB.JK.AA); ICHI has no single code encoding this combination, so MCB.JK.AA captures only the dominant rib removal component and omits the sympathectomy.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5447007	Transfusion				~DG(The ICHI category code DG is titled "Transfusion" and is an assignable leaf-level category, which is a direct and exact terminological match to the SNOMED concept "Transfusion." Both represent the general act of transfusion without further specification.)	~DG(The ICHI category code DG is titled "Transfusion" and is an assignable leaf-level category, which is a direct and exact terminological match to the SNOMED concept "Transfusion." Both represent the general act of transfusion without further specification.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5452002	Core needle biopsy of thymus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5456004	Graft of lymphatic structure			<DFO.ML.AA(DFO.ML.AA covers reconstruction/grafting of lymphatic vessels specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to lymphatic structures broadly (including nodes and other structures); the ML (reconstruction/graft) action aligns well, but the ICHI target is narrower to vessels only, making the SNOMED concept broader than this code.)		<DFO.ML.AA(DFO.ML.AA covers reconstruction/grafting of lymphatic vessels specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to lymphatic structures broadly (including nodes and other structures); the ML (reconstruction/graft) action aligns well, but the ICHI target is narrower to vessels only, making the SNOMED concept broader than this code.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5457008	Serologic test for Rickettsia conorii
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5460001	Removal of prosthesis from fallopian tube			<NMC.JD.AA(NMC.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, which encompasses prosthesis removal; it is wider because it also includes foreign bodies.)		<NMC.JD.AA(NMC.JD.AA captures removal of any internal device or foreign body from the fallopian tube, which encompasses prosthesis removal; it is wider because it also includes foreign bodies.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5479003	Select picture audiometry
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5486006	Delayed suture of tendon of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5506006	Incision and exploration of abdominal wall			<LZZ.FA.AA(The PAL (abdominal wall) block contains no generic incision code — only PAL.FA.AA (Reopening of recent laparotomy site), too specific. LZZ.FA.AA covers open incision of skin/subcutaneous tissue as an NEC residual but does not capture the exploration component.)		<LZZ.FA.AA(The PAL (abdominal wall) block contains no generic incision code — only PAL.FA.AA (Reopening of recent laparotomy site), too specific. LZZ.FA.AA covers open incision of skin/subcutaneous tissue as an NEC residual but does not capture the exploration component.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5517007	Restoration, inlay, porcelain/ceramic, per tooth, in addition to inlay			<KAE.MK.AC(ICHI encodes all tooth restorations under a single "Restoration of tooth" code regardless of whether the material is porcelain or ceramic, and does not capture the additive billing qualifier present in the SNOMED concept.)		<KAE.MK.AC(ICHI encodes all tooth restorations under a single "Restoration of tooth" code regardless of whether the material is porcelain or ceramic, and does not capture the additive billing qualifier present in the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5521000	Open reduction of fracture of phalanges of foot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5545001	Repair of carotid body
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5551006	Direct laryngoscopy with arytenoidectomy with operating microscope
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5556001	Manually assisted spontaneous delivery			<NME.JF.AC(NME.JF.AC covers vaginal delivery broadly, including unassisted and manually assisted forms; SNOMED 5556001 is more specific in that it denotes a spontaneous vaginal birth where the clinician provides manual assistance (e.g., perineal support, controlled delivery of the head).)		<NME.JF.AC(NME.JF.AC covers vaginal delivery broadly, including unassisted and manually assisted forms; SNOMED 5556001 is more specific in that it denotes a spontaneous vaginal birth where the clinician provides manual assistance (e.g., perineal support, controlled delivery of the head).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5570001	Arthrotomy for infection with exploration and drainage of carpometacarpal joint			<MGJ.JB.AA(The carpometacarpal joint is a joint of the hand, and MGJ.JB.AA covers drainage of any finger or hand joint. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the infectious indication, includes arthrotomy and exploration as part of the procedure, and targets the specific carpometacarpal joint rather than any hand or finger joint.)		<MGJ.JB.AA(The carpometacarpal joint is a joint of the hand, and MGJ.JB.AA covers drainage of any finger or hand joint. The ICHI code is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the infectious indication, includes arthrotomy and exploration as part of the procedure, and targets the specific carpometacarpal joint rather than any hand or finger joint.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5571002	Excision of lesion of aorta with end-to-end anastomosis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5572009	Incision of kidney pelvis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5586008	Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5608002	Excretion measurement		>NTC.AB.ZZ("Excretion measurement" in SNOMED is a broad concept potentially covering urinary, faecal, and other excretory outputs, while NTC.AB.ZZ is restricted to urinary excretory functions only, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept.)			>NTC.AB.ZZ("Excretion measurement" in SNOMED is a broad concept potentially covering urinary, faecal, and other excretory outputs, while NTC.AB.ZZ is restricted to urinary excretory functions only, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5616006	Osteoplasty of tibia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5632009	Open biopsy of bronchus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5636007	Fistulectomy of bone
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5638008	Carbohydrate measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5648005	Surgical repair and revision of shunt	?AAE.KA.AA(ICHI codes shunts primarily by the creation or management of specific shunt types rather than by repair or revision; "Replacement of ventricular device" is the closest available concept, but covers only intracranial ventricular shunts and is a replacement action rather than a repair — the SNOMED concept spans all shunt types across all body systems.)				?AAE.KA.AA(ICHI codes shunts primarily by the creation or management of specific shunt types rather than by repair or revision; "Replacement of ventricular device" is the closest available concept, but covers only intracranial ventricular shunts and is a replacement action rather than a repair — the SNOMED concept spans all shunt types across all body systems.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5651003	Arylsulfatase A measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5663008	Phlebectomy of varicose vein of head and neck
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5669007	Portable electroencephalogram awake and asleep with stimulation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5671007	Magnet extraction of foreign body from ciliary body
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5685002	Electrolysis procedure		>LBB.GA.AA(The SNOMED concept "Electrolysis procedure" refers to electrical destruction of hair follicles (skin appendages) without restriction to body site, while ICHI only offers site-specific destruction-of-skin-appendage codes (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb) with no single body-region-agnostic assignable category. LBB.GA.AA is semantically aligned in action (destruction, GA) and target (skin appendage, a category that includes hair follicles) but is narrower because it is confined to the trunk region, and ICHI does not encode the electrolytic technique in a way that distinguishes it from other destruction means.)			>LBB.GA.AA(The SNOMED concept "Electrolysis procedure" refers to electrical destruction of hair follicles (skin appendages) without restriction to body site, while ICHI only offers site-specific destruction-of-skin-appendage codes (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb) with no single body-region-agnostic assignable category. LBB.GA.AA is semantically aligned in action (destruction, GA) and target (skin appendage, a category that includes hair follicles) but is narrower because it is confined to the trunk region, and ICHI does not encode the electrolytic technique in a way that distinguishes it from other destruction means.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5687005	Removal of foreign body from ovary			<NMS.JD.AC(No ovary-specific foreign body removal code exists in the ICHI ovary block; the closest available code covers the entire female genital tract as a residual NEC category, making it substantially broader.)		<NMS.JD.AC(No ovary-specific foreign body removal code exists in the ICHI ovary block; the closest available code covers the entire female genital tract as a residual NEC category, making it substantially broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5690004	Incision of seminal vesicle
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5694008	Crisis intervention with follow-up
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5721002	Repair of eyebrow			<LAA.MK.AA(ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow repair code — the eyebrow is covered under the integumentary system as skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, making LAA.MK.AA the best available match. The ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing the entire head and neck skin region rather than the eyebrow specifically.)		<LAA.MK.AA(ICHI has no dedicated eyebrow repair code — the eyebrow is covered under the integumentary system as skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck, making LAA.MK.AA the best available match. The ICHI code is substantially broader, encompassing the entire head and neck skin region rather than the eyebrow specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5722009	Surgical reanastomosis of colon				~KBP.LB.AA("Anastomosis of colon" (KBP.LB.AA) directly captures the re-joining of the colon that reanastomosis entails; ICHI does not semantically distinguish between an initial anastomosis and a reanastomosis (re-doing a previous anastomosis), so the procedural intent and action are an equivalent match.)	~KBP.LB.AA("Anastomosis of colon" (KBP.LB.AA) directly captures the re-joining of the colon that reanastomosis entails; ICHI does not semantically distinguish between an initial anastomosis and a reanastomosis (re-doing a previous anastomosis), so the procedural intent and action are an equivalent match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5726007	Removal of epicardial electrodes			<HFC.JD.AA(ICHI's closest code covers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to epicardial electrode/lead removal only. No dedicated epicardial-lead-only removal code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match.)		<HFC.JD.AA(ICHI's closest code covers removal of the entire pacemaker or defibrillator system (generator plus leads), whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically limited to epicardial electrode/lead removal only. No dedicated epicardial-lead-only removal code exists in ICHI, making this a broader match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5728008	Anoscopy for removal of foreign body
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5731009	Hemosiderin, quantitative measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5733007	Fluorescent identification of anti-nuclear antibody
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5738003	Biopsy of cul-de-sac
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5745003	Excision ampulla of Vater with reimplantation of common duct
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5760000	Osteoplasty of radius and ulna, shortening
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5777000	Flexorplasty of elbow
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5781000	Operation on nasal septum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5785009	Forensic autopsy			<PZA.AE.AA(ICHI has a single generic "Autopsy" code with no sub-classification by purpose. The SNOMED concept specifies a forensic/medicolegal autopsy, which is a specific type of autopsy, making the ICHI code semantically wider.)		<PZA.AE.AA(ICHI has a single generic "Autopsy" code with no sub-classification by purpose. The SNOMED concept specifies a forensic/medicolegal autopsy, which is a specific type of autopsy, making the ICHI code semantically wider.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5787001	Elevation of bone fragments of orbit of skull with debridement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5789003	Lysis of adhesions of intestines			<KMA.FC.AA(ICHI has no intestine-specific adhesion release code; lysis of intestinal adhesions is clinically performed on the peritoneal attachments around the bowel, making KMA.FC.AA the best clinical equivalent though it is broader.)		<KMA.FC.AA(ICHI has no intestine-specific adhesion release code; lysis of intestinal adhesions is clinically performed on the peritoneal attachments around the bowel, making KMA.FC.AA the best clinical equivalent though it is broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5796001	Excision of external thrombotic hemorrhoid
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5806001	Revision of tracheostomy scar	?LAA.JI.AA(A tracheostomy scar revision involves local excision or reworking of scar tissue at the neck, which aligns best with local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck; however, ICHI encodes no specific "scar revision" concept, the PTC block covers tracheostomy management (not scar surgery), and the SNOMED concept specifically refers to the scar rather than a general excision.)				?LAA.JI.AA(A tracheostomy scar revision involves local excision or reworking of scar tissue at the neck, which aligns best with local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck; however, ICHI encodes no specific "scar revision" concept, the PTC block covers tracheostomy management (not scar surgery), and the SNOMED concept specifically refers to the scar rather than a general excision.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5807005	Fenestration of inner ear, initial			<CCA.ML.AA(CCA.ML.AA is the only inner ear fenestration code in ICHI but specifies "with graft," whereas the SNOMED concept describes the initial fenestration procedure without stipulating a graft; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept (which may or may not involve a graft) and also does not capture the "initial" qualifier.)		<CCA.ML.AA(CCA.ML.AA is the only inner ear fenestration code in ICHI but specifies "with graft," whereas the SNOMED concept describes the initial fenestration procedure without stipulating a graft; ICHI is therefore broader than this SNOMED concept (which may or may not involve a graft) and also does not capture the "initial" qualifier.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5809008	Selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty and gastrostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5812006	Laboratory reporting, fax
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5818005	Flocculation test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5821007	Ligation, division and complete stripping of long and short saphenous veins
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5845006	Emulsification procedure		>BBF.JK.AE(The SNOMED concept "Emulsification procedure" is a broad category encompassing any emulsification technique used in surgery, whereas the only ICHI code that uses emulsification as its defining means is specifically phacoemulsification of the lens — a more specific procedure than the general SNOMED term.)			>BBF.JK.AE(The SNOMED concept "Emulsification procedure" is a broad category encompassing any emulsification technique used in surgery, whereas the only ICHI code that uses emulsification as its defining means is specifically phacoemulsification of the lens — a more specific procedure than the general SNOMED term.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5857002	Complement mediated cytotoxicity assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5865004	Open reduction of dislocation of toe
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5870006	Tertiary closure of abdominal wall
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5880005	Clinical examination		>PZA.AE.AH(The SNOMED concept is unrestricted in scope and may refer to examination of any body site or the whole body, whereas PZA.AE.AH is explicitly scoped to whole-body physical examination. The ICHI code is therefore a narrower (more specific) representation than the broader SNOMED source concept.)			>PZA.AE.AH(The SNOMED concept is unrestricted in scope and may refer to examination of any body site or the whole body, whereas PZA.AE.AH is explicitly scoped to whole-body physical examination. The ICHI code is therefore a narrower (more specific) representation than the broader SNOMED source concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5892005	Mastoid antrotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5894006	Methyl red test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5897004	Removal of Scribner shunt
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5902003	History and physical examination, complete			<PZB.AA.ZZ(A complete H&P maps most naturally to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which represents a comprehensive assessment of the whole person. ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish "complete" from other scopes of assessment, and the SNOMED concept bundles history-taking with physical examination whereas ICHI treats these as separate action codes.)		<PZB.AA.ZZ(A complete H&P maps most naturally to PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment), which represents a comprehensive assessment of the whole person. ICHI is broader because it does not distinguish "complete" from other scopes of assessment, and the SNOMED concept bundles history-taking with physical examination whereas ICHI treats these as separate action codes.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5925002	Incision and drainage of hematoma of wrist
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5930003	Cardiac monitor removal			<HZZ.JD.AA(ICHI's "removal of cardiac circuitry device" covers implantable cardiac electronic devices broadly, which encompasses implantable cardiac monitors; however, the SNOMED concept of cardiac monitor removal may also include external monitors, making this the best available match. No dedicated ICHI code exists specifically for cardiac monitor removal as a standalone procedure.)		<HZZ.JD.AA(ICHI's "removal of cardiac circuitry device" covers implantable cardiac electronic devices broadly, which encompasses implantable cardiac monitors; however, the SNOMED concept of cardiac monitor removal may also include external monitors, making this the best available match. No dedicated ICHI code exists specifically for cardiac monitor removal as a standalone procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5961007	Division of blood vessels of cornea
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5966002	Removal of foreign body from elbow area, deep					?MEJ.JD.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies deep tissue of the elbow area (not necessarily intra-articular), while MEJ.JD.AA is specific to the elbow joint; no ICHI code exists for deep soft tissue of the elbow.)	?MEJ.JD.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies deep tissue of the elbow area (not necessarily intra-articular), while MEJ.JD.AA is specific to the elbow joint; no ICHI code exists for deep soft tissue of the elbow.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5971009	Incision and drainage of axilla
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5983006	Repair of spermatic cord				~NGD.MK.AA(The ICHI code title matches the SNOMED display exactly — same anatomical target (spermatic cord) and same action (repair) with no added or missing specificity.)	~NGD.MK.AA(The ICHI code title matches the SNOMED display exactly — same anatomical target (spermatic cord) and same action (repair) with no added or missing specificity.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5986003	Non-sensitized spontaneous sheep erythrocyte binding, E-rosette
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5992009	Midtarsal arthrodesis, multiple
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5995006	Gas liquid chromatography, flame photometric type
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5997003	Drainage of cerebral subarachnoid space by aspiration
`http://snomed.info/sct`	5998008	Radical dissection of groin			<DFM.JL.AA(DFM.JL.AA precisely captures radical excision at the inguinal (groin) lymph node level, the primary surgical target of a radical groin dissection. The SNOMED concept implies a broader en-bloc soft-tissue dissection of the entire groin region (including femoral lymphatics and surrounding tissue), so the SNOMED concept encompasses more tissue than the ICHI code strictly denotes.)		<DFM.JL.AA(DFM.JL.AA precisely captures radical excision at the inguinal (groin) lymph node level, the primary surgical target of a radical groin dissection. The SNOMED concept implies a broader en-bloc soft-tissue dissection of the entire groin region (including femoral lymphatics and surrounding tissue), so the SNOMED concept encompasses more tissue than the ICHI code strictly denotes.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6005008	Transplantation of vitreous by anterior approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6007000	Magnetic resonance imaging of chest
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6019008	Endoscopy of large intestine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6025007	Laparoscopic appendectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6026008	Removal of coronary artery obstruction by percutaneous transluminal balloon with thrombolytic agent					?HIA.DB.AF(This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure using both a balloon catheter and a thrombolytic agent; ICHI separates balloon angioplasty and thrombolysis into distinct codes with no combined code available. HIA.DB.AF is chosen because the thrombolytic agent is the pharmacologically active element, but the balloon component means neither ICHI code alone is precise.)	?HIA.DB.AF(This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure using both a balloon catheter and a thrombolytic agent; ICHI separates balloon angioplasty and thrombolysis into distinct codes with no combined code available. HIA.DB.AF is chosen because the thrombolytic agent is the pharmacologically active element, but the balloon component means neither ICHI code alone is precise.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6029001	Augmentation of outflow tract of pulmonary valve
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6035001	Chart abstracting
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6063004	Kanamycin measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6069000	Panniculotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6082008	Perforation of footplate				~CBF.FA.AC(Perforation of the stapes footplate is precisely the defining surgical act of a stapedotomy — a small hole is drilled or lasered through the footplate of the stapes to treat conductive hearing loss (typically otosclerosis). CBF.FA.AC is a semantically equivalent match within the ossicles-of-ear block.)	~CBF.FA.AC(Perforation of the stapes footplate is precisely the defining surgical act of a stapedotomy — a small hole is drilled or lasered through the footplate of the stapes to treat conductive hearing loss (typically otosclerosis). CBF.FA.AC is a semantically equivalent match within the ossicles-of-ear block.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6092000	Aspiration of nasal sinus by puncture			<JAE.JB.AE(The ICHI code explicitly covers puncture of a paranasal sinus for aspiration, matching the core procedure, but is classified under "not elsewhere classified" and also encompasses lavage, making it slightly broader than aspiration alone by puncture.)		<JAE.JB.AE(The ICHI code explicitly covers puncture of a paranasal sinus for aspiration, matching the core procedure, but is classified under "not elsewhere classified" and also encompasses lavage, making it slightly broader than aspiration alone by puncture.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6100001	Fenestration of stapes footplate with vein graft					?CCA.ML.AA(CCA.ML.AA captures both fenestration and graft placement, and the stapes footplate forms the boundary of the inner ear vestibule, so procedurally this is the closest available code; however, the SNOMED concept targets the stapes footplate (middle ear ossicle) specifically, whereas ICHI classifies this under inner ear interventions, making the match approximate rather than exact.)	?CCA.ML.AA(CCA.ML.AA captures both fenestration and graft placement, and the stapes footplate forms the boundary of the inner ear vestibule, so procedurally this is the closest available code; however, the SNOMED concept targets the stapes footplate (middle ear ossicle) specifically, whereas ICHI classifies this under inner ear interventions, making the match approximate rather than exact.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6119006	Local destruction of lesion of bony palate
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6125005	Change of gastrostomy tube
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6126006	Fitzgerald factor assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6130009	Surgical exposure of impacted or unerupted tooth to aid eruption
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6133006	Lymphokine assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6143009	Diabetic education			<ETK.PM.ZZ(ETK.PM.ZZ maps education (action PM) to the endocrine gland functions target (ETK), which is the correct body-system axis for diabetes; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers education about all endocrine gland functions and is not restricted to diabetes specifically.)		<ETK.PM.ZZ(ETK.PM.ZZ maps education (action PM) to the endocrine gland functions target (ETK), which is the correct body-system axis for diabetes; however, it is broader than the SNOMED concept because it covers education about all endocrine gland functions and is not restricted to diabetes specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6146001	Repair of heart septum with prosthesis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6148000	Chondrectomy of semilunar cartilage of knee
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6157006	Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with biopsy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6159009	Galactose measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6161000	Excision of lesion of capsule of toes
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6164008	Osteoclasis of clavicle
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6166005	Nephropyeloureterostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6177004	Southern blot assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6187000	Repair of aneurysm with graft of common femoral artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6188005	Arthrotomy of knee
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6189002	Excision of aberrant tissue of breast
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6190006	Colopexy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6195001	Transurethral drainage of prostatic abscess
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6198004	Repair of fracture with Sofield type procedure
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6200005	Excision of lesion of female perineum
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6205000	Fluorescent antigen, titer
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6213004	Prescribing corneoscleral contact lens
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6221005	Suture of colon
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6225001	Antibody detection, RBC, enzyme, 2 stage technique, including anti-human globulin
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6226000	Visual rehabilitation, eye motion defect
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6227009	Relationship psychotherapy			<SR1.PQ.ZZ(SR1.PQ.ZZ uses psychotherapy action on interpersonal relationships target, the best structural match for "relationship psychotherapy," but covers all interpersonal interactions rather than focused dyadic/couples psychotherapy.)		<SR1.PQ.ZZ(SR1.PQ.ZZ uses psychotherapy action on interpersonal relationships target, the best structural match for "relationship psychotherapy," but covers all interpersonal interactions rather than focused dyadic/couples psychotherapy.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6231003	Graft of palate	?KAS.ML.AA(ICHI has reconstruction codes for soft palate (KAS.ML.AA) and hard palate (KAT.ML.AA) but no single code for "palate" as a whole, and no code using an explicit grafting action (ML = reconstruction/graft is the closest). Because the SNOMED concept does not specify soft vs. hard palate, neither ICHI code alone is equivalent; the soft palate code is the most commonly grafted site and is chosen as the best approximate match, but it is only relatedly equivalent given the ambiguity.)				?KAS.ML.AA(ICHI has reconstruction codes for soft palate (KAS.ML.AA) and hard palate (KAT.ML.AA) but no single code for "palate" as a whole, and no code using an explicit grafting action (ML = reconstruction/graft is the closest). Because the SNOMED concept does not specify soft vs. hard palate, neither ICHI code alone is equivalent; the soft palate code is the most commonly grafted site and is chosen as the best approximate match, but it is only relatedly equivalent given the ambiguity.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6240004	Operative procedure on knee	?BlockL4-MMC(ICHI has no dedicated topographical "Interventions on knee" block; BlockL4-MMC covers musculoskeletal structures of the knee (cartilage, meniscus, joint, ligament, patella, tendon) and is the broadest knee-specific grouping available. It is marked relatedto because it is limited to musculoskeletal structures and does not cover vascular, neural, or skin procedures on the knee.)				?BlockL4-MMC(ICHI has no dedicated topographical "Interventions on knee" block; BlockL4-MMC covers musculoskeletal structures of the knee (cartilage, meniscus, joint, ligament, patella, tendon) and is the broadest knee-specific grouping available. It is marked relatedto because it is limited to musculoskeletal structures and does not cover vascular, neural, or skin procedures on the knee.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6271008	Echography, immersion B-scan
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6289009	White blood cell histogram evaluation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6295005	Sequestrectomy of pelvic bone
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6307005	Keratophakia			<BBB.DL.AC(Keratophakia is a specific refractive procedure inserting a lathed donor corneal stromal lens into the host cornea; BBB.DL.AC captures corneal implant insertion but is broader, covering any corneal implant.)		<BBB.DL.AC(Keratophakia is a specific refractive procedure inserting a lathed donor corneal stromal lens into the host cornea; BBB.DL.AC captures corneal implant insertion but is broader, covering any corneal implant.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6309008	Fecal fat differential, quantitative
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6319002	Beta lactamase, chromogenic cephalosporin susceptibility test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6337001	Ligation of aortic arch
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6339003	Conditioning play audiometry
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6343004	Forensic bite mark comparison technique
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6353003	Mitsuda reaction to lepromin
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6354009	Sedimentation rate, Westergren
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6355005	Removal of internal fixation device of radius
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6358007	Capsulorrhaphy of joint
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6363006	Dilation of lacrimal punctum with irrigation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6370006	Chemosurgery of stomach lesion					?KBF.GA.AD(KBF.GA.AD captures destruction of a stomach lesion and aligns with the target and action, but it specifies an endoscopic approach whereas chemosurgery of the stomach is not inherently endoscopic. The non-endoscopic equivalent (KBF.GA.AA) does not exist in ICHI, and neither code specifies chemical means, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.)	?KBF.GA.AD(KBF.GA.AD captures destruction of a stomach lesion and aligns with the target and action, but it specifies an endoscopic approach whereas chemosurgery of the stomach is not inherently endoscopic. The non-endoscopic equivalent (KBF.GA.AA) does not exist in ICHI, and neither code specifies chemical means, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6384001	Removal of device from digestive system			<KZZ.JD.AC(KZZ.JD.AC covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the digestive system at the system-wide NEC level; marginally wider as it also encompasses foreign bodies, not just devices.)		<KZZ.JD.AC(KZZ.JD.AC covers removal of any internal device or foreign body from the digestive system at the system-wide NEC level; marginally wider as it also encompasses foreign bodies, not just devices.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6385000	Exploration of disc space
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6388003	TdT stain
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6396008	Galactokinase measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6397004	Muscular strength development exercise
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6399001	Division of arteriovenous fistula with ligation	?IZE.LA.AA(ICHI has no code for division of an AV fistula with ligation; occlusion captures the ligation/closure intent of the procedure but does not encode the division component.)				?IZE.LA.AA(ICHI has no code for division of an AV fistula with ligation; occlusion captures the ligation/closure intent of the procedure but does not encode the division component.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6402000	Excision of common bile duct
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6403005	Lengthening of muscle of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6419003	Excision of tumor from elbow area, deep, subfascial
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6433003	Closed heart valvotomy of mitral valve
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6434009	Seminal fluid detection
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6438007	Exploration of ciliary body
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6439004	Destruction of lesion of peripheral nerve			<ACA.GA.AA(ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of the peripheral nerve as a whole structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to destruction of a lesion of the peripheral nerve.)		<ACA.GA.AA(ACA.GA.AA covers destruction of the peripheral nerve as a whole structure, whereas the SNOMED concept is scoped to destruction of a lesion of the peripheral nerve.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6444006	Enlargement of eye socket
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6465000	Arthrotomy of glenohumeral joint for infection with drainage
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6473009	Suture of old obstetrical laceration of uterus			<NME.MK.AA(NME.MK.AA captures repair of the uterus (open, unspecified approach), which is the closest ICHI category to suturing an old obstetric uterine laceration. The ICHI code does not encode the obstetric etiology, the chronicity ("old" laceration), or the suture technique, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.)		<NME.MK.AA(NME.MK.AA captures repair of the uterus (open, unspecified approach), which is the closest ICHI category to suturing an old obstetric uterine laceration. The ICHI code does not encode the obstetric etiology, the chronicity ("old" laceration), or the suture technique, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6480006	Urinary bladder residual urine study
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6486000	Curettage of sclera
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6487009	Hand tendon pulley reconstruction with tendon prosthesis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6491004	Protein S, free assay
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6499002	Tsuge operation on finger for macrodactyly repair
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6506000	Placing a patient on a bedpan			<SMD.RB.ZZ(Placing a patient on a bedpan is a specific form of hands-on nursing assistance to enable toileting, which falls within "Practical support with toileting"; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any practical assistance with the toileting activity, not just bedpan placement specifically.)		<SMD.RB.ZZ(Placing a patient on a bedpan is a specific form of hands-on nursing assistance to enable toileting, which falls within "Practical support with toileting"; the ICHI code is broader because it covers any practical assistance with the toileting activity, not just bedpan placement specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6519001	Operation on multiple extraocular muscles with temporary detachment from globe
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6521006	Polytomography
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6527005	Uchida fimbriectomy with tubal ligation by endoscopy					?NMC.LA.AB(The Uchida procedure involves partial salpingectomy of the fimbrial end (fimbriectomy) combined with tubal ligation performed endoscopically, but ICHI separates occlusion from partial salpingectomy and has no single code combining both steps; laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes is the closest single match given that the primary sterilisation intent is tubal occlusion performed endoscopically.)	?NMC.LA.AB(The Uchida procedure involves partial salpingectomy of the fimbrial end (fimbriectomy) combined with tubal ligation performed endoscopically, but ICHI separates occlusion from partial salpingectomy and has no single code combining both steps; laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes is the closest single match given that the primary sterilisation intent is tubal occlusion performed endoscopically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6535008	Excision of cyst of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6536009	Implantation of tricuspid valve with tissue graft
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6543003	Complicated catheterization of bladder			<NAI.DL.AD(NAI.DL.AD covers any insertion of a device (including a catheter) into the urinary bladder via an endoscopic/transurethral approach, which captures the core act of urinary bladder catheterisation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish "complicated" catheterisation from routine catheterisation, nor does ICHI have a specific "complicated" qualifier for this procedure.)		<NAI.DL.AD(NAI.DL.AD covers any insertion of a device (including a catheter) into the urinary bladder via an endoscopic/transurethral approach, which captures the core act of urinary bladder catheterisation. The ICHI code is broader because it does not distinguish "complicated" catheterisation from routine catheterisation, nor does ICHI have a specific "complicated" qualifier for this procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6547002	Repair with closure of non-surgical wound			<LZZ.MK.AA(LZZ.MK.AA is the most appropriate unspecified-site skin repair code and captures the concept of repairing a wound (typically involving closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue), but it is broader — it does not restrict to non-surgical wounds and the body site is unspecified.)		<LZZ.MK.AA(LZZ.MK.AA is the most appropriate unspecified-site skin repair code and captures the concept of repairing a wound (typically involving closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue), but it is broader — it does not restrict to non-surgical wounds and the body site is unspecified.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6555009	Insertion of infusion pump beneath skin			<LAB.DL.AA(LAB.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which matches the general anatomical location and action of placing a subcutaneous infusion pump; ICHI is broader as it does not specify the device type (infusion pump) or that it is implanted for drug delivery.)		<LAB.DL.AA(LAB.DL.AA covers insertion of any device into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, which matches the general anatomical location and action of placing a subcutaneous infusion pump; ICHI is broader as it does not specify the device type (infusion pump) or that it is implanted for drug delivery.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6556005	Reticulin antibody measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6562000	Destruction of lesion of tongue
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6563005	Transposition of muscle of hand			<MRM.LJ.AA(ICHI has no transposition or transfer code specific to the hand muscle; the unspecified-site muscle transfer code captures the correct action but loses the hand-specific target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<MRM.LJ.AA(ICHI has no transposition or transfer code specific to the hand muscle; the unspecified-site muscle transfer code captures the correct action but loses the hand-specific target, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6567006	Pulmonary valve commissurotomy by transvenous balloon method				~HDG.LG.AF(Commissurotomy of the pulmonary valve by transvenous balloon is clinically identical to percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation (valvuloplasty) of the pulmonary valve — both describe the same technique of splitting fused valve leaflets using a balloon catheter introduced via a vein, and the ICHI code precisely reflects this intervention.)	~HDG.LG.AF(Commissurotomy of the pulmonary valve by transvenous balloon is clinically identical to percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation (valvuloplasty) of the pulmonary valve — both describe the same technique of splitting fused valve leaflets using a balloon catheter introduced via a vein, and the ICHI code precisely reflects this intervention.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6585004	Closed reduction of fracture of tarsal or metatarsal
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6589005	Antibody titration, high protein
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6601003	Removal of foreign body from skin of axilla
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6614002	Antibody to single stranded DNA measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6615001	Electroretinography
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6622009	Add clasp to existing partial denture			<KAE.SM.AC(Adding a clasp to an existing partial denture is a specific modification of a removable dental prosthesis; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) covers management/adjustment of external dental appliances and is the closest available ICHI code, but is broader than the specific act of adding a clasp retainer.)		<KAE.SM.AC(Adding a clasp to an existing partial denture is a specific modification of a removable dental prosthesis; KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth) covers management/adjustment of external dental appliances and is the closest available ICHI code, but is broader than the specific act of adding a clasp retainer.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6634001	Destruction of hemorrhoids, internal
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6639006	Replacement of obstructed valve in shunt system			<AAE.KA.AA(AAE.KA.AA directly covers replacement of a device within the brain ventricles, which is the anatomical site of the shunt valve in a ventricular shunt system; it is broader because it encompasses replacement of any ventricular device, not specifically an obstructed valve component, and does not distinguish valve-only revision from full device replacement.)		<AAE.KA.AA(AAE.KA.AA directly covers replacement of a device within the brain ventricles, which is the anatomical site of the shunt valve in a ventricular shunt system; it is broader because it encompasses replacement of any ventricular device, not specifically an obstructed valve component, and does not distinguish valve-only revision from full device replacement.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6650009	Radionuclide lacrimal flow study				~BAD.BA.BE(The ICHI code describes a nuclear imaging study of the lacrimal apparatus, which directly corresponds to a radionuclide (dacryoscintigraphy) lacrimal flow study — both target the same anatomical structure using nuclear medicine imaging for functional assessment.)	~BAD.BA.BE(The ICHI code describes a nuclear imaging study of the lacrimal apparatus, which directly corresponds to a radionuclide (dacryoscintigraphy) lacrimal flow study — both target the same anatomical structure using nuclear medicine imaging for functional assessment.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6656003	Acoustic stimulation test	?NMR.AA.ZZ(The fetal acoustic stimulation test (FAST) is an antepartum assessment where a sound source is applied to the maternal abdomen to provoke fetal heart rate acceleration; NMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure) is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the acoustic stimulation mechanism or the cardiotocographic response evaluation, making this a related but imprecise match.)				?NMR.AA.ZZ(The fetal acoustic stimulation test (FAST) is an antepartum assessment where a sound source is applied to the maternal abdomen to provoke fetal heart rate acceleration; NMR.AA.ZZ (Assessment of fetal or embryonic structure) is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the acoustic stimulation mechanism or the cardiotocographic response evaluation, making this a related but imprecise match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6657007	Maintenance drug therapy for mental disorder
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6658002	Removal of foreign body from alveolus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6661001	King-Steelquist hindquarter operation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6668007	Fibrinogen assay, quantitative
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6670003	Closure of external fistula of trachea
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6682007	Reattachment of amputated ear				~CAC.LB.AA(The auricle (pinna) is the external ear, and CAC.LB.AA specifically encodes reattachment (action LB) of the auricle (target CAC), which is exactly what "reattachment of amputated ear" describes.)	~CAC.LB.AA(The auricle (pinna) is the external ear, and CAC.LB.AA specifically encodes reattachment (action LB) of the auricle (target CAC), which is exactly what "reattachment of amputated ear" describes.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6689003	Immunodiffusion, qualitative			<DTB.AC.ZZ(Immunodiffusion is a specific gel-based precipitation technique; ICHI has no code for it and DTB.AC.ZZ is the nearest category, covering any test of immunological system functions, making it substantially broader.)		<DTB.AC.ZZ(Immunodiffusion is a specific gel-based precipitation technique; ICHI has no code for it and DTB.AC.ZZ is the nearest category, covering any test of immunological system functions, making it substantially broader.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6690007	Sulfonamide measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6704000	Repair of parasternal diaphragmatic hernia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6708002	Intrauterine cordocentesis				~NMM.JH.AF(Cordocentesis (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling) is precisely the percutaneous procurement of blood from the umbilical cord, which is exactly what NMM.JH.AF encodes — AF (percutaneous approach), target NMM (placenta, amnion and cord), action JH (procurement).)	~NMM.JH.AF(Cordocentesis (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling) is precisely the percutaneous procurement of blood from the umbilical cord, which is exactly what NMM.JH.AF encodes — AF (percutaneous approach), target NMM (placenta, amnion and cord), action JH (procurement).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6712008	Piercing of nail	?LBD.JB.AE(Clinical nail piercing in SNOMED CT refers to nail trephination — creating a small hole through the nail plate to drain a subungual haematoma — which is most closely represented by percutaneous drainage of the nail/nail bed (LBD.JB.AE for finger, LBF.JB.AE for toe). The match is relatedto rather than inexact because the clinical intent (decompression via puncture) aligns well, but ICHI does not specify the toe-vs-finger distinction and frames the action as "drainage" rather than "piercing/trephination.")				?LBD.JB.AE(Clinical nail piercing in SNOMED CT refers to nail trephination — creating a small hole through the nail plate to drain a subungual haematoma — which is most closely represented by percutaneous drainage of the nail/nail bed (LBD.JB.AE for finger, LBF.JB.AE for toe). The match is relatedto rather than inexact because the clinical intent (decompression via puncture) aligns well, but ICHI does not specify the toe-vs-finger distinction and frames the action as "drainage" rather than "piercing/trephination.")
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6722002	Nephrolithotomy for removal of calculus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6726004	Incision and drainage of appendiceal abscess by transabdominal approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6727008	Excision of lesion of bone of humerus
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6732009	Type II, early periodontitis, moderate pocket therapy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6737003	Irrigation of ventricular shunt			<AAE.SN.AA(ICHI has no specific code for irrigation of a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on internal devices in the brain ventricles, which subsumes shunt irrigation as a specific type of device management.)		<AAE.SN.AA(ICHI has no specific code for irrigation of a ventricular shunt. AAE.SN.AA covers all management activities on internal devices in the brain ventricles, which subsumes shunt irrigation as a specific type of device management.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6745008	Indirect laryngoscopy with removal of foreign body			<JAN.JD.AD(The SNOMED concept specifies the indirect (mirror-based) approach for laryngoscopy with foreign body removal, whereas JAN.JD.AD covers endoscopic foreign body removal from the larynx more broadly and does not distinguish indirect mirror laryngoscopy from other endoscopic techniques.)		<JAN.JD.AD(The SNOMED concept specifies the indirect (mirror-based) approach for laryngoscopy with foreign body removal, whereas JAN.JD.AD covers endoscopic foreign body removal from the larynx more broadly and does not distinguish indirect mirror laryngoscopy from other endoscopic techniques.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6748005	Electron microscopy technique, glass knife making
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6759001	Esophagojejunostomy by thoracic approach
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6760006	Excision of lesion of phalanges of foot
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6763008	Manual reduction of closed fracture of acetabulum			<MKB.LD.AH(The acetabulum is part of the pelvic bone; ICHI has no acetabulum-specific reduction code, so MKB.LD.AH (closed reduction of pelvis) is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any pelvic bone rather than the acetabulum specifically.)		<MKB.LD.AH(The acetabulum is part of the pelvic bone; ICHI has no acetabulum-specific reduction code, so MKB.LD.AH (closed reduction of pelvis) is the best available match. The ICHI code is wider because it applies to any pelvic bone rather than the acetabulum specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6774004	Closure of tracheostomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6776002	Auricular aneurysmectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6778001	Stereotactic biopsy of lesion of spinal cord
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6779009	Open treatment of slipped femoral epiphysis			<MLB.LD.AA(Surgical treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis involves open reduction of the displaced femoral epiphysis; MLB.LD.AA is broader as it covers any open reduction of femur rather than the specific epiphyseal slip condition, and does not capture internal fixation.)		<MLB.LD.AA(Surgical treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis involves open reduction of the displaced femoral epiphysis; MLB.LD.AA is broader as it covers any open reduction of femur rather than the specific epiphyseal slip condition, and does not capture internal fixation.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6782004	Methylene blue plating test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6794008	Biopsy of soft tissue of wrist, superficial
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6801000	Resection of mesentery			<KMA.JJ.AA(The mesentery is a peritoneal fold, so KMA.JJ.AA (excision of peritoneal tissue) is the closest available code; ICHI does not have a dedicated mesentery excision code, making this a broader match that encompasses more than just the mesentery.)		<KMA.JJ.AA(The mesentery is a peritoneal fold, so KMA.JJ.AA (excision of peritoneal tissue) is the closest available code; ICHI does not have a dedicated mesentery excision code, making this a broader match that encompasses more than just the mesentery.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6812000	Mohs' chemosurgery, fixed tissue technique
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6818001	Excision of buccal mucosa			<KAZ.JJ.AC(ICHI has no specific code for buccal mucosa; KAZ.JJ.AC covers partial excision of the oral cavity NEC, anatomically inclusive of the buccal mucosa but broader because it encompasses the entire oral cavity.)		<KAZ.JJ.AC(ICHI has no specific code for buccal mucosa; KAZ.JJ.AC covers partial excision of the oral cavity NEC, anatomically inclusive of the buccal mucosa but broader because it encompasses the entire oral cavity.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6832004	Atherectomy					?IZA.JE.AA(Atherectomy (mechanical plaque removal via catheter) and endarterectomy (surgical stripping of the arterial intima) are both procedures that remove atherosclerotic material from arteries, but they differ in technique — atherectomy is typically endovascular/percutaneous and ICHI does not have a dedicated atherectomy code; IZA.JE.AA is the closest functional analog for a generic, site-unspecified arterial debulking procedure.)	?IZA.JE.AA(Atherectomy (mechanical plaque removal via catheter) and endarterectomy (surgical stripping of the arterial intima) are both procedures that remove atherosclerotic material from arteries, but they differ in technique — atherectomy is typically endovascular/percutaneous and ICHI does not have a dedicated atherectomy code; IZA.JE.AA is the closest functional analog for a generic, site-unspecified arterial debulking procedure.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6833009	Closed osteotomy of mandibular angle
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6846004	Incision of pituitary gland				~EAA.FA.AA(The ICHI title is a verbatim match to the SNOMED display, and both refer to the same surgical procedure. No qualifier differences exist.)	~EAA.FA.AA(The ICHI title is a verbatim match to the SNOMED display, and both refer to the same surgical procedure. No qualifier differences exist.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6853008	Nasogastric tube aspiration
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6862005	Preoperative education			<SMH.PM.ZZ(ICHI has no preoperative-specific education code. SMH.PM.ZZ is the closest match as preoperative education is a specific instance of educating patients about managing their health, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all health self-care education without the surgical/preoperative context.)		<SMH.PM.ZZ(ICHI has no preoperative-specific education code. SMH.PM.ZZ is the closest match as preoperative education is a specific instance of educating patients about managing their health, but the ICHI code is broader because it covers all health self-care education without the surgical/preoperative context.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6872008	Perfusion chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm			<PZA.DB.AZ(ICHI has no dedicated code for perfusion chemotherapy (intra-arterial or isolated-limb circuit delivery of cytotoxic agents). PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration with unspecified route across the whole body, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the perfusion technique and the oncological indication.)		<PZA.DB.AZ(ICHI has no dedicated code for perfusion chemotherapy (intra-arterial or isolated-limb circuit delivery of cytotoxic agents). PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration with unspecified route across the whole body, which is broader than the SNOMED concept that specifies both the perfusion technique and the oncological indication.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6880001	C3e receptor measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6889000	Shortening of sclera by scleral buckling
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6898002	Arthroscopically aided posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6903003	Metabolic monitoring procedure			<ETB.AA.ZZ(ETB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general metabolic functions and is the closest ICHI code to a metabolic monitoring procedure, but it is broader — it captures a one-time assessment rather than the ongoing/repeated monitoring implied by the SNOMED concept. No dedicated "metabolic monitoring" code exists in ICHI.)		<ETB.AA.ZZ(ETB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of general metabolic functions and is the closest ICHI code to a metabolic monitoring procedure, but it is broader — it captures a one-time assessment rather than the ongoing/repeated monitoring implied by the SNOMED concept. No dedicated "metabolic monitoring" code exists in ICHI.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6909004	Excisional biopsy of peripheral nerve ganglion
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6943008	Aldosterone measurement, normal salt diet, urine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6948004	Removal of calcareous deposit of tendon of hand			<MGT.JI.AA(Surgical removal of a calcareous (calcium) deposit from a hand tendon is performed as a local excision of an abnormal tissue deposit, aligning with local excision of a lesion of the tendon sheath of the hand or finger; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any lesion rather than specifically to calcific deposits.)		<MGT.JI.AA(Surgical removal of a calcareous (calcium) deposit from a hand tendon is performed as a local excision of an abnormal tissue deposit, aligning with local excision of a lesion of the tendon sheath of the hand or finger; the ICHI code is broader as it applies to any lesion rather than specifically to calcific deposits.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6951006	Aponeurorrhaphy of hand
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6967000	Open reduction of separation of epiphysis of fibula			<MNB.LD.AA(ICHI groups tibia and fibula into a single target axis code and does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other fracture types requiring open reduction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the fibula and the epiphyseal separation subtype.)		<MNB.LD.AA(ICHI groups tibia and fibula into a single target axis code and does not distinguish epiphyseal separation from other fracture types requiring open reduction, making it broader than the SNOMED concept which specifies both the fibula and the epiphyseal separation subtype.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6968005	Cannulation of cisterna chyli
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6976007	Craniocervical spinal fusion			<MBZ.LE.AA(Craniocervical (occipitocervical) fusion spans the skull base and upper cervical spine, a region that does not fit neatly under MBA.LE.AA "Fusion of cervical spine" (which covers C-spine only, not the cranio-cervical junction). MBZ.LE.AA "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified" is therefore the best available code, though it is broader than the specific craniocervical level targeted by the SNOMED concept.)		<MBZ.LE.AA(Craniocervical (occipitocervical) fusion spans the skull base and upper cervical spine, a region that does not fit neatly under MBA.LE.AA "Fusion of cervical spine" (which covers C-spine only, not the cranio-cervical junction). MBZ.LE.AA "Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified" is therefore the best available code, though it is broader than the specific craniocervical level targeted by the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6979000	Removal of elastic bandage			<UA1.SO.ZZ(ICHI has no dedicated code for removing an elastic bandage specifically; the best available match is UA1.SO.ZZ, which covers removal of any assistive product without specifying body site or product type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<UA1.SO.ZZ(ICHI has no dedicated code for removing an elastic bandage specifically; the best available match is UA1.SO.ZZ, which covers removal of any assistive product without specifying body site or product type, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	6986008	Precipitin test for blood group, species identification
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7001008	Incision of lingual frenum				~KAB.FB.AC(Fraenotomy (or frenotomy) is by definition an incision of the frenum, making this an exact semantic match; the only difference is the alternate spelling of fraenum/frenum, which is not clinically meaningful.)	~KAB.FB.AC(Fraenotomy (or frenotomy) is by definition an incision of the frenum, making this an exact semantic match; the only difference is the alternate spelling of fraenum/frenum, which is not clinically meaningful.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7012008	Coagulation or electrocoagulation of spinal cord lesion			<ABA.GA.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies a particular destructive method (coagulation/electrocoagulation) targeting a spinal cord lesion, while the ICHI code ABA.GA.AA covers destruction of the spinal cord by any method and does not distinguish lesion-targeted destruction.)		<ABA.GA.AA(The SNOMED concept specifies a particular destructive method (coagulation/electrocoagulation) targeting a spinal cord lesion, while the ICHI code ABA.GA.AA covers destruction of the spinal cord by any method and does not distinguish lesion-targeted destruction.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7017002	Ligation of internal jugular vein			<IBD.LA.AA(The internal jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck, and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, so IBD.LA.AA is the best available match; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the internal jugular vein, making this broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<IBD.LA.AA(The internal jugular vein is a vein of the head and neck, and ligation is a form of surgical occlusion, so IBD.LA.AA is the best available match; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the internal jugular vein, making this broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7026004	Transfer of pectoralis major tendon			<MRT.LJ.AA(The pectoralis major tendon belongs to the trunk/chest region, but ICHI's trunk tendon block has no transfer code; MRT.LJ.AA correctly identifies the intervention type (tendon transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified, losing the pectoralis major specificity of the SNOMED concept.)		<MRT.LJ.AA(The pectoralis major tendon belongs to the trunk/chest region, but ICHI's trunk tendon block has no transfer code; MRT.LJ.AA correctly identifies the intervention type (tendon transfer/transplantation) but is anatomically unspecified, losing the pectoralis major specificity of the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7040003	Lysis of adhesions of nerve ganglion			<ACA.FC.AA(ICHI has no code specifically for release of adhesions of a nerve ganglion; ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system and ACA.FC.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader covering the entire peripheral nerve and not limited to adhesiolysis.)		<ACA.FC.AA(ICHI has no code specifically for release of adhesions of a nerve ganglion; ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system and ACA.FC.AA is the closest structural match, but is broader covering the entire peripheral nerve and not limited to adhesiolysis.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7043001	Repair of inguinal hernia with spermatocelectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7053000	Puncture and drainage of spleen				~DJA.JB.AA(ICHI's "Drainage of spleen" maps directly to the SNOMED concept; puncture is the implied access method and the target organ (spleen) matches exactly.)	~DJA.JB.AA(ICHI's "Drainage of spleen" maps directly to the SNOMED concept; puncture is the implied access method and the target organ (spleen) matches exactly.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7082004	Reduction of fracture of hand with internal fixation			<MGB.LD.AA(MGB.LD.AA captures open reduction of bones in the hand region, matching the target and open surgical approach implied by internal fixation, but ICHI does not separately encode the internal fixation device placement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<MGB.LD.AA(MGB.LD.AA captures open reduction of bones in the hand region, matching the target and open surgical approach implied by internal fixation, but ICHI does not separately encode the internal fixation device placement, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7098006	Removal of foreign body from vertebra
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7103008	Trypsin, duodenal fluid
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7105001	Bosworth operation arthroplasty for acromioclavicular separation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7108004	Osteoclasis
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7122004	Embolectomy of abdominal vein			<IZE.JE.AA(ICHI has no specific "extraction of obstruction" code for abdominal or pelvic vein; the IED block lacks this action. IZE.JE.AA captures the correct procedure action (embolectomy) but applies to any blood vessel not covered elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)		<IZE.JE.AA(ICHI has no specific "extraction of obstruction" code for abdominal or pelvic vein; the IED block lacks this action. IZE.JE.AA captures the correct procedure action (embolectomy) but applies to any blood vessel not covered elsewhere, making it broader than the SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7128000	Supply of spectacles	?UAD.TI.ZZ(ICHI lacks a specific spectacles-supply code; UAD.TI.ZZ for prescribing personal-use assistive products is conceptually related but covers prescription rather than the physical supply or dispensing of spectacles.)				?UAD.TI.ZZ(ICHI lacks a specific spectacles-supply code; UAD.TI.ZZ for prescribing personal-use assistive products is conceptually related but covers prescription rather than the physical supply or dispensing of spectacles.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7133001	Psychiatric day care by day
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7164004	Toxoplasmosis dye test
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7171009	Shortening of round ligament of uterus				~NME.LC.AA(Shortening of the round ligament (Gilliam/Olshausen procedure) is performed to suspend the uterus, precisely what NME.LC.AA describes.)	~NME.LC.AA(Shortening of the round ligament (Gilliam/Olshausen procedure) is performed to suspend the uterus, precisely what NME.LC.AA describes.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7174001	Ultrasound peripheral imaging, B-scan
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7177008	Horizontal osteotomy of mandible
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7189005	Injection of skin				~LZZ.DB.AE(LZZ.DB.AE directly captures injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying a body region, which semantically aligns with the generic SNOMED concept "Injection of skin"; both are non-site-specific and the ICHI code is the residual/unclassified skin injection category intended for exactly this kind of general skin injection.)	~LZZ.DB.AE(LZZ.DB.AE directly captures injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying a body region, which semantically aligns with the generic SNOMED concept "Injection of skin"; both are non-site-specific and the ICHI code is the residual/unclassified skin injection category intended for exactly this kind of general skin injection.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7190001	Mandibular condylectomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7216000	Aneurysmectomy with graft replacement of head and neck artery			<IBA.ML.AA(ICHI's reconstruction of artery of head and neck captures the graft replacement component adequately, but does not restrict to aneurysm excision as the driving indication, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.)		<IBA.ML.AA(ICHI's reconstruction of artery of head and neck captures the graft replacement component adequately, but does not restrict to aneurysm excision as the driving indication, making it broader than the specific SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7218004	Thrombectomy with catheter of vena cava by abdominal incision			<HIC.JE.AA(HIC.JE.AA matches the target (inferior vena cava) and the action (extraction of obstruction, which encompasses thrombectomy) but is broader because it does not specify the open abdominal incision approach. No more specific open surgical code exists for this vessel.)		<HIC.JE.AA(HIC.JE.AA matches the target (inferior vena cava) and the action (extraction of obstruction, which encompasses thrombectomy) but is broader because it does not specify the open abdominal incision approach. No more specific open surgical code exists for this vessel.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7221002	Formation of tubed pedicle graft, head and neck			<LAA.ML.AA(LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafting to the head or neck and is the closest ICHI match, but it does not distinguish the pedicle/tubed technique from other graft types.)		<LAA.ML.AA(LAA.ML.AA covers skin grafting to the head or neck and is the closest ICHI match, but it does not distinguish the pedicle/tubed technique from other graft types.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7223004	Take-down of stoma of large intestine
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7239006	Proctosigmoidoscopy for dilation
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7240008	Total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy and synchronous tracheostomy			<JAN.JK.AA(JAN.JK.AA captures the total laryngectomy component but does not encode the concurrent partial pharyngectomy or the synchronous tracheostomy; ICHI has no single combined code for this multi-structure procedure, making the best single code broader than the full SNOMED concept.)		<JAN.JK.AA(JAN.JK.AA captures the total laryngectomy component but does not encode the concurrent partial pharyngectomy or the synchronous tracheostomy; ICHI has no single combined code for this multi-structure procedure, making the best single code broader than the full SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7241007	Application of dressing, major
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7246002	Kidney biopsy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7249009	Initial drug therapy for mental disorder
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7256003	Countercurrent electrophoresis measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7260000	Open biopsy of gallbladder
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7268007	Injection of vitreous substitute
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7288006	Febrile agglutinins, qualitative
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7298000	Fulguration of skin	?LAB.GA.AH(ICHI classifies skin interventions by anatomical sub-region and has no single site-unspecified skin destruction code; LAB.GA.AH is the closest available code but presupposes a trunk location, making it only relationally — not semantically — equivalent to the site-unspecified SNOMED concept.)				?LAB.GA.AH(ICHI classifies skin interventions by anatomical sub-region and has no single site-unspecified skin destruction code; LAB.GA.AH is the closest available code but presupposes a trunk location, making it only relationally — not semantically — equivalent to the site-unspecified SNOMED concept.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7301001	Haptoglobin measurement, chemical
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7304009	Lysis of adhesions of vagina
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7306006	Partial ostectomy of tibia and fibula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7316003	Bone marrow aspiration procedure, tibia
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7334004	Kinetic activities for coordination
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7338001	Ipecac emesis administration and observation	?KBF.JA.AC(No ICHI code exists for ipecac-induced emesis or emetic drug administration; gastric lavage shares the clinical purpose of gastric decontamination but is mechanically distinct (irrigation via tube vs pharmacologically induced vomiting).)				?KBF.JA.AC(No ICHI code exists for ipecac-induced emesis or emetic drug administration; gastric lavage shares the clinical purpose of gastric decontamination but is mechanically distinct (irrigation via tube vs pharmacologically induced vomiting).)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7364007	Ligature of femoral vein, complete
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7365008	Ligation of abdominal artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7367000	Musculoskeletal system procedure on abdomen	?MZZ.ZZ.ZZ(ICHI does not have a code specifically combining "musculoskeletal" with "abdomen" — abdominal wall procedures are classified under a separate non-musculoskeletal block (PAL), and trunk musculoskeletal blocks (MCB) do not cover the abdomen specifically. The unspecified musculoskeletal residual code is the closest available anchor, though it does not capture the abdominal site qualifier.)				?MZZ.ZZ.ZZ(ICHI does not have a code specifically combining "musculoskeletal" with "abdomen" — abdominal wall procedures are classified under a separate non-musculoskeletal block (PAL), and trunk musculoskeletal blocks (MCB) do not cover the abdomen specifically. The unspecified musculoskeletal residual code is the closest available anchor, though it does not capture the abdominal site qualifier.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7375006	Bronchoscopy through tracheostomy with biopsy of bronchus			<JBB.AD.AD(JBB.AD.AD covers endoscopic biopsy of the bronchus via any endoscopic approach, but does not distinguish bronchoscopy performed through a tracheostomy stoma from transoral/transnasal bronchoscopy. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the tracheostomy access route.)		<JBB.AD.AD(JBB.AD.AD covers endoscopic biopsy of the bronchus via any endoscopic approach, but does not distinguish bronchoscopy performed through a tracheostomy stoma from transoral/transnasal bronchoscopy. The ICHI code is therefore broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies the tracheostomy access route.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7383000	Anastomosis of intrathoracic artery
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7388009	Repair of graft-enteric fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7412000	Incision of lymphangioma	?DFO.JI.AA(A lymphangioma is a lesion of the lymphatic vessel, so the target aligns; however, ICHI has no incision code for lymphatic vessel lesions, and local excision (JI) is a different action from incision (FA), making this only a related match rather than equivalent.)				?DFO.JI.AA(A lymphangioma is a lesion of the lymphatic vessel, so the target aligns; however, ICHI has no incision code for lymphatic vessel lesions, and local excision (JI) is a different action from incision (FA), making this only a related match rather than equivalent.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7414004	Intraoperative transluminal aortic angioplasty					?HIH.LG.AF(ICHI has separate codes for abdominal aorta, descending thoracic aorta, and aortic arch but no single unspecified-segment aorta dilatation code; HIH.LG.AF is selected as the most clinically common site (infrarenal/abdominal), but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and the ICHI code commits to a specific segment.)	?HIH.LG.AF(ICHI has separate codes for abdominal aorta, descending thoracic aorta, and aortic arch but no single unspecified-segment aorta dilatation code; HIH.LG.AF is selected as the most clinically common site (infrarenal/abdominal), but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and the ICHI code commits to a specific segment.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7418001	Suture of fascia to skeletal attachment of hand			<MGL.MK.AA(This is the best-matching ICHI code: it covers the hand/finger region and includes fascia repair. However, "repair of ligament or fascia" is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of suturing fascia to a skeletal (bony) attachment point.)		<MGL.MK.AA(This is the best-matching ICHI code: it covers the hand/finger region and includes fascia repair. However, "repair of ligament or fascia" is broader than the SNOMED concept's specificity of suturing fascia to a skeletal (bony) attachment point.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7419009	Destruction of cranial nerve				~AAN.GA.AA(The ICHI code AAN.GA.AA has an identical title and covers the same procedure — destruction of a cranial nerve by an open approach — making this a direct semantic match.)	~AAN.GA.AA(The ICHI code AAN.GA.AA has an identical title and covers the same procedure — destruction of a cranial nerve by an open approach — making this a direct semantic match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7421004	Bone marrow imaging, limited area
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7430007	Cryotherapy of skin lesion with liquid nitrogen
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7443007	Insertion of oropharyngeal airway				~KAR.DL.AC(ICHI KAR.DL.AC has an identical title and describes exactly the same procedure — insertion of an oropharyngeal airway device — making this a precise semantic match.)	~KAR.DL.AC(ICHI KAR.DL.AC has an identical title and describes exactly the same procedure — insertion of an oropharyngeal airway device — making this a precise semantic match.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7447008	Immunosuppressive therapy for transplant					?DTB.DB.AF(ICHI has no dedicated code for post-transplant immunosuppression as a clinical management category; DTB.DB.AF (intravenous administration of immunological agent, under "Interventions on immunological system function") is the closest structural fit, but it does not capture the transplant context or the immunosuppressive direction of the therapy, making the match approximate rather than semantically equivalent.)	?DTB.DB.AF(ICHI has no dedicated code for post-transplant immunosuppression as a clinical management category; DTB.DB.AF (intravenous administration of immunological agent, under "Interventions on immunological system function") is the closest structural fit, but it does not capture the transplant context or the immunosuppressive direction of the therapy, making the match approximate rather than semantically equivalent.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7459007	Revision of arteriovenous fistula with thrombectomy with autogenous graft			<IZA.SN.AF(IZA.SN.AF is the only ICHI code addressing arteriovenous shunt/fistula management, but it does not encode the thrombectomy component, the use of an autogenous graft, or the revision nature; ICHI has no dedicated code combining these three elements.)		<IZA.SN.AF(IZA.SN.AF is the only ICHI code addressing arteriovenous shunt/fistula management, but it does not encode the thrombectomy component, the use of an autogenous graft, or the revision nature; ICHI has no dedicated code combining these three elements.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7468009	Strapping of hip
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7476006	Special care of dentures
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7486007	Reattachment of muscle			<MRM.MK.AA(ICHI has no site-unspecified "reattachment of muscle" code — the only LB (reattachment) muscle code is the thigh-specific MLM.LB.AA. MRM.MK.AA covers repair of muscle at any site, which is the functional operative equivalent but uses the broader "repair" action.)		<MRM.MK.AA(ICHI has no site-unspecified "reattachment of muscle" code — the only LB (reattachment) muscle code is the thigh-specific MLM.LB.AA. MRM.MK.AA covers repair of muscle at any site, which is the functional operative equivalent but uses the broader "repair" action.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7495004	Stromeyer-Little operation hepatotomy
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7510005	Color vision examination			<BTB.AC.ZZ(Color vision examination (e.g., Ishihara plate testing for color blindness) is a functional test of the visual system; BTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of seeing functions broadly under the visual system chapter, which is the closest available ICHI code, but it is wider as it encompasses all tests of seeing functions rather than color discrimination specifically.)		<BTB.AC.ZZ(Color vision examination (e.g., Ishihara plate testing for color blindness) is a functional test of the visual system; BTB.AC.ZZ covers testing of seeing functions broadly under the visual system chapter, which is the closest available ICHI code, but it is wider as it encompasses all tests of seeing functions rather than color discrimination specifically.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7534000	Repair of perineourethroscrotal fistula
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7541006	Incision and exploration of testis			<NGL.FA.AA(ICHI codes testicular incision together with the tunica vaginalis as a single combined procedure, which is broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the testis specifically, and does not separately encode the exploration intent.)		<NGL.FA.AA(ICHI codes testicular incision together with the tunica vaginalis as a single combined procedure, which is broader than the SNOMED concept targeting the testis specifically, and does not separately encode the exploration intent.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7546001	History and physical examination, follow-up for neoplastic disease			<PZB.AA.ZZ(ICHI has no cancer-specific or oncology follow-up assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the best available fit for a comprehensive H&P follow-up visit, but it is broader because it carries no specificity for neoplastic disease surveillance.)		<PZB.AA.ZZ(ICHI has no cancer-specific or oncology follow-up assessment code; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person) is the best available fit for a comprehensive H&P follow-up visit, but it is broader because it carries no specificity for neoplastic disease surveillance.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7553005	Excisional biopsy of eye			<BZA.AD.AA(ICHI has no dedicated "excisional biopsy of eyeball" code; BZA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the eyeball as a whole under the NEC residual category. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the excisional nature of the biopsy technique.)		<BZA.AD.AA(ICHI has no dedicated "excisional biopsy of eyeball" code; BZA.AD.AA covers biopsy of the eyeball as a whole under the NEC residual category. The ICHI code is broader because it does not specify the excisional nature of the biopsy technique.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7556002	Ligation of ureter
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7557006	Vitamin E measurement
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7562007	Radioisotope study of endocrine system	?EBA.BA.BE(ICHI does not have a single code spanning the entire endocrine system; radioisotope imaging is coded per organ (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal). EBA.BA.BE is selected as the most frequently performed endocrine radioisotope study and is the only code that explicitly uses the term "radioisotope function studies," but it is restricted to the thyroid gland.)				?EBA.BA.BE(ICHI does not have a single code spanning the entire endocrine system; radioisotope imaging is coded per organ (thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal). EBA.BA.BE is selected as the most frequently performed endocrine radioisotope study and is the only code that explicitly uses the term "radioisotope function studies," but it is restricted to the thyroid gland.)
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7576008	Spinal angiography, selective
`http://snomed.info/sct`	7606004	Methemoglobin measurement, qualitative

Description of the above table(s).