0.1.0 - ci-build
WHOICHIToSNOMED, published by Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting). This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/vadi2/snomed-procedure-ichi/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
| Draft as of 2026-05-11 |
@prefix fhir: <http://hl7.org/fhir/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . # - resource ------------------------------------------------------------------- a fhir:ConceptMap ; fhir:nodeRole fhir:treeRoot ; fhir:id [ fhir:v "SnomedProceduresToIchiNarrower"] ; # fhir:language [ fhir:v "en"] ; # fhir:text [ fhir:status [ fhir:v "generated" ] ; fhir:div [ fhir:v "<div xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"><p class=\"res-header-id\"><b>Generated Narrative: ConceptMap SnomedProceduresToIchiNarrower</b></p><a name=\"SnomedProceduresToIchiNarrower\"> </a><a name=\"hcSnomedProceduresToIchiNarrower\"> </a><p>Mapping from <a href=\"ValueSet-snomed-procedure-root.html\">SNOMED CT Procedure (descendants of 71388002)</a> to http://id.who.int/ichi</p><br/><p><b>Group 1 </b>Mapping from <a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-snomedct.html\">SNOMED CT (all versions)</a> to <code>http://id.who.int/ichi</code> (Ichi)</p><table class=\"grid\"><tr><td><b>Source Code</b></td><td><b>Relationship</b></td><td><b>Target Code</b></td><td><b>Comment</b></td></tr><tr><td>439794000 (Extracorporeal shock wave therapy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRS.SC.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no single site-unspecified extracorporeal shockwave therapy code; MRS.SC.BJ is the closest match as the most general shockwave therapy code available (using \"unspecified site\"), but it is scoped to soft tissue within the musculoskeletal system, making it narrower than the fully site- and indication-agnostic SNOMED concept which also encompasses lithotripsy and other applications.</td></tr><tr><td>233174007 (Cardiac pacemaker procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper encompassing all pacemaker-related procedures (implantation, removal, replacement, management, function checks). ICHI has no single code covering all cardiac pacemaker procedures generically. HFC.DN.AF is the most clinically representative single code—percutaneous transvenous implantation of a permanent endocardial pacemaker is the most commonly performed pacemaker procedure—but it is narrower because it specifies only implantation (not removal, replacement, or management), only the percutaneous transluminal approach, and also includes defibrillator systems which the SNOMED concept does not.</td></tr><tr><td>176837007 (Intrauterine contraceptive device procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.DL.AC (Insertion of device into uterus)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a grouper covering all IUD-related procedures (insertion, removal, replacement, checking), whereas NME.DL.AC specifically covers only insertion of a device into the uterus. The ICHI code is narrower (more specific in action type) than the broader SNOMED concept, though it is the single most clinically representative match as IUD insertion is the prototypical IUD procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>371572003 (Nuclear medicine procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)</td><td>ICHI lacks a single general nuclear medicine code; instead it distributes nuclear medicine across many site-specific imaging codes (17+) plus therapeutic codes (e.g., EBA.GA.BE for radioactive iodine therapy). PZA.BA.BE is the most general-purpose radioisotope scan code available, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it refers only to radioisotope scanning (imaging) of the whole body, whereas SNOMED's \"Nuclear medicine procedure\" is a broad parent encompassing all nuclear medicine procedures including imaging of any body site, radionuclide therapy, and other nuclear medicine techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>1263452006 (Anesthesia and/or sedation procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers all forms of anesthesia and sedation. ICHI has only two whole-body anaesthesia codes (PZA.DC.AC inhalational, PZA.DC.AF intravenous) and no code encompassing sedation. PZA.DC.AF is the most representative single code since IV anaesthesia is the most common general anaesthesia method, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept which also covers inhalational, regional, local anaesthesia and sedation.</td></tr><tr><td>1344996000 (Cannulation or catheterization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IZE.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad, site-agnostic procedure covering any body structure and approach. IZE.DL.AF is narrower because it is restricted to blood vessels with a percutaneous transluminal approach, but it is the most general vascular cannulation/catheterization code available in ICHI and represents the most common clinical application.</td></tr><tr><td>278939002 (Eye prosthesis procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BZZ.SM.AH (Management of ocular prosthetics)</td><td>\"Management of ocular prosthetics\" specifically covers the management and fitting aspects of ocular prosthetics, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept \"Eye prosthesis procedure,\" which is a broader grouper encompassing all eye prosthesis-related procedures including insertion (BZZ.DL.AC), removal (BZZ.JD.AC), and management.</td></tr><tr><td>108252007 (Laboratory procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BlockL1-XG1 (Essential laboratory tests)</td><td>ICHI's \"Essential laboratory tests\" (BlockL1-XG1) is the top-level grouping for laboratory tests, containing 119 specific test extension codes spanning haematology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology, and histopathology. It is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it is explicitly restricted to \"essential\" laboratory tests — a curated subset — whereas SNOMED's concept encompasses all laboratory procedures without qualification.</td></tr><tr><td>243121000 (Medical therapy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)</td><td>\"Medical therapy\" in SNOMED CT is a broad concept encompassing the overall approach of treating disease with pharmacological/non-surgical means. PZA.DB.AZ specifically represents the act of administering pharmacotherapy (with no route specified), which is a more specific component of the broader \"medical therapy\" concept — making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>56333001 (Nerve block)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Nerve block\" is a general term encompassing anaesthetic injection into any nerve (cranial, spinal, peripheral, sympathetic), whereas ICHI code ACA.DC.AE is specific to peripheral nerves only. ICHI has no single unifying \"nerve block\" code; instead it splits this across multiple site-specific codes (AAN.DC.AE cranial, ABN.DC.AE spinal, ADB–ADE.DC.AE sympathetic), making the peripheral nerve code narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>410751007 (Procedure on ganglion cyst)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any procedure on a ganglion cyst regardless of technique, while the ICHI code specifically denotes local excision of a tendon sheath lesion at an unspecified site. Although ganglion cysts are tendon sheath lesions (good anatomical match), the ICHI code is narrower because it specifies only excision rather than encompassing all possible procedures (such as drainage or aspiration).</td></tr><tr><td>62317000 (Prosthodontic procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)</td><td>\"Prosthodontic procedure\" in SNOMED CT is a broad concept encompassing all prosthodontic interventions including crowns, bridges, removable dentures, and implant prostheses. ICHI does not have a single grouping code for all prosthodontic procedures; KAE.DN.AC covers only one specific type of prosthodontic intervention (implantation of a dental prosthesis), making it narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>225427003 (Procedures to aid continence)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SMD.PH.ZZ (Training in toileting)</td><td>\"Training in toileting\" is the closest ICHI match as it targets the self-care activity of toileting (covering both urinary and fecal continence) with a therapeutic training intent. However, it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because \"Procedures to aid continence\" encompasses any type of procedure (training, practical support, education, devices, exercises) aimed at aiding continence, whereas SMD.PH.ZZ is specifically limited to training interventions.</td></tr><tr><td>312052002 (Placement procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>UEP.TI.ZZ (Referral to health provider)</td><td>SNOMED's \"Placement procedure\" is a broad administrative concept encompassing placing a person into any care setting (residential care, foster care, hospital, social services). ICHI's \"Referral to health provider\" covers only the narrower subset of directing a person to a health provider, making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>410011004 (Administration of anesthesia AND/OR sedation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)</td><td>ICHI does not have a single code covering all forms of anaesthesia and sedation. PZA.DC.AF is the most representative specific code, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept which encompasses any type of anaesthesia (inhalational, intravenous, regional, local) and/or sedation by any route.</td></tr><tr><td>42825003 (Cannulation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IZE.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>SNOMED's \"Cannulation\" is a generic concept covering insertion of a cannula into any vessel or body structure by any approach, while IZE.DL.AF restricts to percutaneous transluminal insertion into blood vessels only. The ICHI code represents a subset of what the SNOMED concept covers.</td></tr><tr><td>108108009 (Obstetrics manipulation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)</td><td>\"Obstetrics manipulation\" is a broad SNOMED grouper concept encompassing all manual obstetric procedures (version, rotation, manual maneuvers during labour), while NMR.LD.AC is one specific type of obstetric manipulation. ICHI also has NMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus) as another obstetric manipulation code. No single ICHI code encompasses all obstetric manipulations generically.</td></tr><tr><td>108231004 (Analysis of electronic device used in cardiovascular system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.SN.AH (Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check)</td><td>The ICHI code specifically covers function checking of pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators, which is a subset of the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses analysis of any electronic device used in the cardiovascular system (including VADs, loop recorders, and other electronic cardiac devices).</td></tr><tr><td>108310004 (Psychologic AND/OR psychiatric procedure AND/OR service)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BlockL4-_LD (Interventions on mental functions)</td><td>The ICHI block covers assessment, psychotherapy, counselling, training, and support targeting mental functions, which is the core of psychological/psychiatric care. However, it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because the SNOMED term also encompasses behavioral health interventions and stress/psychological demands interventions, which fall under separate ICHI hierarchies.</td></tr><tr><td>108324000 (Specimen collection AND/OR ward laboratory procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZX.AH.ZZ (Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>PZX.AH.ZZ covers general specimen collection without specifying a body site, which matches the specimen collection aspect of the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept also includes ward laboratory procedures (point-of-care/bedside testing), which PZX.AH.ZZ does not cover, making the ICHI code narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>10953000 (Control of hemorrhage after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DAA.LA.AC (Control of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy)</td><td>ICHI has no single code combining hemorrhage control after both tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. DAA.LA.AC covers only the tonsillectomy hemorrhage control component, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which addresses hemorrhage control after the combined procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>18590009 (Cardiac pacing)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)</td><td>\"Cardiac pacing\" is a broad concept covering all methods of electrically pacing the heart (temporary, permanent, epicardial, endocardial, transcutaneous). HFC.DL.AF represents the most common clinical form (transvenous temporary pacing) but is more specific, as it specifies the percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach and temporary duration.</td></tr><tr><td>233182007 (Permanent cardiac pacemaker procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a general grouper for any permanent cardiac pacemaker procedure regardless of approach or action type (implantation, replacement, removal, management). HFC.DN.AF is more specific, covering only percutaneous transluminal endocardial implantation and also including defibrillators.</td></tr><tr><td>233175008 (Temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure regardless of approach, while HFC.DL.AF specifies only the percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach. ICHI splits temporary pacemaker insertion into two approach-specific codes with no generic parent code available, making this ICHI code more specific (narrower).</td></tr><tr><td>1153472003 (Promotion of health seeking behavior)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>VD1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence health service-related behaviours, unspecified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept broadly covers promotion of health-seeking behavior without specifying the intervention method. The ICHI code targets the same behavioral domain but is more specific in that it identifies \"education\" as the intervention action, making it narrower than the general SNOMED \"promotion\" concept.</td></tr><tr><td>1153473008 (Promotion of ability to socialize)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SSG.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in informal social relationships)</td><td>ICHI code SSG.PH.ZZ targets \"engaging in informal social relationships,\" which aligns with socializing. However, it specifies \"training\" as the intervention method, whereas the SNOMED concept's \"promotion of ability\" is broader and could encompass training, education, counselling, and other methods.</td></tr><tr><td>710554006 (Assessment of water supply)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>UBN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water quality)</td><td>\"Assessment of water supply\" encompasses evaluating the overall water supply including quality, quantity, infrastructure, and access, whereas UBN.AA.ZZ focuses specifically on the quality dimension. The ICHI code covers the most clinically relevant aspect but is narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>386218004 (Control of hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)</td><td>ICHI subdivides GI hemorrhage control by specific site (stomach, duodenum, colon, rectum) and method (endoscopic, transcatheter). KBF.LA.AD is limited to gastric bleeding controlled endoscopically, whereas the SNOMED concept covers hemorrhage control at any GI tract location by any method.</td></tr><tr><td>274511001 (Control of hemorrhage of uterus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.DK.AC (Tamponade of uterus)</td><td>ICHI lacks a general \"control of haemorrhage of uterus\" code. NME.DK.AC is the only uterine intervention specifically targeting hemorrhage control, but it specifies tamponade as the method whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any technique used to control uterine hemorrhage.</td></tr><tr><td>36526005 (Endoscopy and control of hemorrhage)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)</td><td>ICHI has no generic site-unspecified \"endoscopic control of hemorrhage\" code. KBF.LA.AD is limited to gastric bleeding whereas the SNOMED concept applies to any anatomical site.</td></tr><tr><td>439569004 (Resuscitation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)</td><td>SNOMED \"Resuscitation\" is a broad concept covering all forms of resuscitation (cardiopulmonary, neonatal, fluid, etc.), while ICHI HT2.MC.AH specifically refers to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, making the ICHI code more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>18038006 (Protection of surroundings from individual)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)</td><td>The ICHI code specifically covers isolating a person for infection control purposes, which is one of the main reasons for protecting surroundings from an individual. However, the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing protection of surroundings for any reason (infectious disease, behavioral safety, violence prevention), whereas the ICHI code is restricted to the infection control context only.</td></tr><tr><td>75227000 (Excision and prosthetic replacement of lens)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure of lens excision and prosthetic lens insertion. ICHI has no single code for this combined procedure; BBF.ML.AA covers only the prosthetic lens insertion component, making it narrower than the full SNOMED concept. A complete ICHI representation would require pairing BBF.ML.AA with BBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens).</td></tr><tr><td>127789004 (Laboratory procedure categorized by method)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BlockL1-XG1 (Essential laboratory tests)</td><td>The ICHI block \"Essential laboratory tests\" groups 119 specific laboratory test categories but is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it is limited to \"essential\" laboratory tests rather than encompassing all laboratory procedures categorized by method.</td></tr><tr><td>133860004 (Open reduction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>SNOMED \"Open reduction\" covers restoring displaced anatomy to correct position via an open approach across all body systems — 13 children including fracture reduction, dislocation reduction, bowel volvulus reduction, intussusception reduction, and epiphyseal injury reduction. MRB.LD.AA restricts the target to bone at an unspecified site, excluding joint dislocations (MRJ.LD) and GI reductions (bowel volvulus, intussusception).</td></tr><tr><td>172542008 (Revision of intraocular lens)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BBF.LD.AA (Repositioning of lens)</td><td>ICHI has no specific \"revision of intraocular lens\" code. BBF.LD.AA (Repositioning of lens) is the closest match, but it is narrower because \"revision\" can encompass repositioning, exchange, adjustment, or other corrective procedures on a previously implanted IOL, whereas this ICHI code covers only repositioning.</td></tr><tr><td>15220000 (Laboratory test)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BlockL1-XG1 (Essential laboratory tests)</td><td>ICHI's \"Essential laboratory tests\" block groups 119 specific laboratory test extension codes (e.g., glucose, blood count, culture, histopathology). However, it is qualified as \"Essential\" — a curated subset of laboratory tests — making it narrower than SNOMED CT's \"Laboratory test,\" which encompasses all laboratory tests without restriction.</td></tr><tr><td>180333002 (Body temperature modification and control)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)</td><td>ICHI has no single code for general body temperature modification and control. It separates this into warming (PZA.SD.BQ) and cooling (PZA.SE.ZZ) of central body temperature, plus peripheral variants. PZA.SD.BQ is narrower because it covers only warming, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses all forms of temperature modification and control.</td></tr><tr><td>14736009 (Patient evaluation and management)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ covers the evaluation/assessment aspect of the SNOMED concept at the whole-person level but does not encompass the \"management\" component. The ICHI code is narrower in scope than the SNOMED concept, which includes both evaluation and management of the patient.</td></tr><tr><td>3204007 (Destructive procedure of nerve)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is unqualified and covers destruction of any nerve (peripheral, cranial, or spinal). ICHI has no generic \"destruction of nerve\" code; ACA.GA.AA is specific to peripheral nerves, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. Peripheral nerve is chosen as the best default since unqualified \"nerve\" most commonly implies peripheral nerve in clinical usage.</td></tr><tr><td>63466006 (Injection of cranial nerve)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)</td><td>AAN.DC.AE is more specific than the SNOMED concept because it specifies the injected substance as an anaesthetic, whereas \"Injection of cranial nerve\" is a general injection that could involve any substance (e.g., anaesthetic, steroid, neurolytic agent). ICHI has no general \"injection into cranial nerve\" code, making this the closest available match but narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>22028008 (Injection of drug or medicament into nerve)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ACA.DB.AE (Injection into a peripheral nerve)</td><td>ACA.DB.AE covers injection of any substance into a peripheral nerve, which closely matches the SNOMED concept's intent of injecting drug/medicament into a nerve. However, the ICHI code is narrower because it specifies \"peripheral nerve\" only, whereas the SNOMED concept applies to any nerve (peripheral, spinal, cranial, or sympathetic).</td></tr><tr><td>373205008 (Nuclear medicine imaging procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)</td><td>ICHI does not have a single general \"nuclear medicine imaging\" concept; it distributes nuclear imaging across body-site-specific codes. PZA.BA.BE is the most general available code under \"comprehensive or unspecified topography,\" but it specifically denotes whole-body radioisotope scanning rather than nuclear medicine imaging as a general procedure category, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>64291000052106 (Radioactive iodine therapy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>EBA.GA.BE (Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine)</td><td>The ICHI code EBA.GA.BE specifies both the target organ (thyroid gland) and the action (destruction), making it more specific than the SNOMED concept \"Radioactive iodine therapy,\" which does not restrict the procedure to a particular organ or specify the intent as destruction.</td></tr><tr><td>424525001 (Antenatal care)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)</td><td>\"Antenatal care\" encompasses the full range of care during pregnancy including assessment, monitoring, education, and emotional support, while NUE.AA.ZZ specifically covers only assessment of pregnancy functions. The ICHI code captures the core foundational activity of antenatal care but is more specific (narrower) than the comprehensive SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>408883002 (Breastfeeding support)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>VEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)</td><td>VEH.RB.ZZ specifically covers practical (hands-on) support with breastfeeding, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Breastfeeding support\" is broader and can encompass education, counselling, peer support, and other supportive interventions for breastfeeding. The ICHI code is therefore more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>236973005 (Delivery procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.JF.AC (Vaginal delivery)</td><td>SNOMED's \"Delivery procedure\" is a general concept encompassing all methods of delivery (vaginal, caesarean, instrumental), while ICHI has no single code for generic delivery. NME.JF.AC \"Vaginal delivery\" is the most applicable single ICHI intervention code but is narrower because it excludes caesarean section and other delivery methods.</td></tr><tr><td>177128002 (Induction and delivery procedures)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.SH.AC (Medical induction of labour, per orifice)</td><td>The SNOMED concept combines induction and delivery as a unified grouper. ICHI separates these into distinct codes: induction (NME.SH.AC medical, NME.SH.AF IV, NMM.FA.AC surgical) and delivery (NME.JF.AC vaginal, NME.JF.AA caesarean). NME.SH.AC covers only the induction component and is therefore narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>450659004 (Diagnostic puncture of bone)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRB.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>The ICHI code specifically describes a percutaneous biopsy (tissue sampling) of bone at an unspecified site, which is the most clinically common form of diagnostic bone puncture. However, the SNOMED concept is broader and could encompass diagnostic procedures beyond biopsy (e.g., aspiration for fluid analysis), making the ICHI code narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>169443000 (Preventive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)</td><td>ICHI does not have a broad \"preventive procedure\" intervention code. DTB.VD.AE is the most representative specific preventive clinical intervention (vaccination), but represents only one type of prevention. ICHI distributes preventive activities across vaccination codes, screening behaviour interventions (VDB), and safety behaviour interventions (VC1).</td></tr><tr><td>72912002 (Revision of cerebral ventricular shunt)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)</td><td>AAE.KA.AA specifically covers replacement of a device in the ventricles of the brain, which is the most common form of shunt revision. However, SNOMED's \"revision\" is broader and may include repair, repositioning, or adjustment without full replacement.</td></tr><tr><td>428989006 (Operation on ganglion cyst)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)</td><td>MRT.JI.AA specifically covers local excision of a tendon sheath lesion at an unspecified site, which is narrower than \"Operation on ganglion cyst\" that encompasses any type of surgical intervention (excision, aspiration, drainage) on a ganglion cyst.</td></tr><tr><td>408884008 (Breastfeeding support management)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>VEH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours)</td><td>VEH.RB.ZZ focuses specifically on practical support with breastfeeding behaviours, which is one component of the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses overall clinical management of breastfeeding support.</td></tr><tr><td>63487001 (Assisted fertilization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.DH.AC (Uterine reproductive transfer procedures)</td><td>NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer procedures (e.g., IVF embryo transfer), which is the most common form of assisted fertilization but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all assisted reproduction techniques including fallopian tube transfers, artificial insemination, and other methods.</td></tr><tr><td>225287004 (Procedures relating to positioning and support)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.LD.ZZ (Positioning of the whole body)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering all procedures related to positioning and support (any body region, any purpose, including postural support). PZA.LD.ZZ is more specific, covering only whole-body positioning without the \"support\" aspect and without covering positioning of specific body parts.</td></tr><tr><td>225346003 (Promotion of independence)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SM1.PH.ZZ (Training in self care, unspecified)</td><td>SM1.PH.ZZ specifically covers training in self-care activities, which is a core component of promoting independence but narrower in scope; the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing independence across all life domains (mobility, communication, community participation) and using multiple intervention types beyond training alone.</td></tr><tr><td>229319000 (Mobilizing of body part)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a general intervention applicable to any body part, while MRJ.PB.AH specifically restricts mobilisation to joints (albeit of unspecified site). ICHI only has joint-specific mobilisation codes, making this the closest match but semantically narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>235563008 (Percutaneous attention to tube in bile duct)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCF.SN.AC (Irrigation of cholecystostomy or other biliary tube)</td><td>KCF.SN.AC specifically covers irrigation of a biliary tube, which is one particular form of the broader \"attention to tube\" described by the SNOMED concept. \"Attention\" encompasses irrigation, flushing, patency checks, dressing changes, and other maintenance activities, making the ICHI code more specific (narrower) in its action scope.</td></tr><tr><td>238285002 (Peritoneal drain procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KMA.JB.AA (Drainage of peritoneal cavity)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Peritoneal drain procedure\" is a broad grouper covering all procedures on peritoneal drains (insertion, aspiration, flushing, removal, attention/management), while KMA.JB.AA specifically covers only the drainage action on the peritoneal cavity. ICHI has separate codes for implantation of device (KMA.DN.AA), removal of device (KMA.JD.AA), and management of device (KMA.SN.AH), but no single code encompasses all peritoneal drain procedures.</td></tr><tr><td>243114000 (Support)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>UC1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with personal support and relationships, unspecified)</td><td>SNOMED CT \"Support\" is a broad, unqualified concept covering any type of support intervention. UC1.RB.ZZ qualifies support as \"practical\" and targets the \"personal support and relationships\" domain, making it narrower than the generic SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>25517008 (Warm soak of extremity)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PNA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with partial immersion of lower limb, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept applies to any extremity (upper or lower limb), but ICHI splits this into separate codes for upper limb (PMA.ZZ.BS) and lower limb (PNA.ZZ.BS). PNA.ZZ.BS is narrower because it covers only the lower limb, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses both upper and lower extremities.</td></tr><tr><td>278846007 (Dietetic procedures)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SMF.PN.ZZ (Advising about eating)</td><td>\"Dietetic procedures\" is a broad grouping encompassing dietary assessment, counselling, education, and advice. SMF.PN.ZZ captures the most characteristic dietetic activity but is narrower because it covers only the advising action, not the full scope of dietetic interventions.</td></tr><tr><td>710803000 (Assistance with mobility)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SJA.RB.ZZ (Practical support with walking)</td><td>SJA.RB.ZZ specifically addresses practical support with walking, which is the most central aspect of mobility assistance. However, \"Assistance with mobility\" is broader, encompassing help with all forms of mobility (walking, transfers, position changes, moving around), making the ICHI code narrower. The ideal match \"Practical support with mobility, unspecified\" exists conceptually in ICHI but has no assigned code.</td></tr><tr><td>56469005 (Moving a patient)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SHG.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of transferring the person)</td><td>\"Moving a patient\" in SNOMED CT is a broad grouper with 12 children encompassing all forms of physical patient movement (log rolling, repositioning, transferring to stretcher/chair/wheelchair/standing, sitting up, placing on bedpan, transporting). ICHI's SHG.RA.ZZ specifically covers only the surface-to-surface transfer component. ICHI separates these into distinct target codes: SHA.RA.ZZ for changing body position (turning, repositioning) and SIA.RA.ZZ for lifting and carrying.</td></tr><tr><td>386383000 (Parenting promotion)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>VEJ.PM.ZZ (Education to influence parenting behaviours)</td><td>\"Parenting promotion\" encompasses education, counselling, training, and support to improve parenting. VEJ.PM.ZZ specifically covers the educational component of influencing parenting behaviours, making it narrower, though it represents the most common method of parenting promotion.</td></tr><tr><td>710149006 (Promotion of family support)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>UCB.VA.ZZ (Capacity building targeting support from immediate family)</td><td>UCB.VA.ZZ captures the promotion/capacity-building aspect of family support, which aligns with the SNOMED concept's intent. However, it is narrower because it is restricted to \"immediate family\" support, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Promotion of family support\" encompasses family support broadly (including both immediate and extended family).</td></tr><tr><td>710150006 (Promotion of hygiene)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>VED.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence hygiene behaviours)</td><td>\"Promotion of hygiene\" is a broad concept encompassing various promotional activities (education, advising, awareness campaigns, etc.), while VED.VB.ZZ specifically targets awareness raising as one method of influencing hygiene behaviours. The ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept, making it narrower in scope, though it is the single best semantic match for the general notion of \"promotion.\"</td></tr><tr><td>313039003 (Solid organ transplant to recipient)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAA.KD.AA (Kidney transplantation)</td><td>ICHI has only organ-specific transplantation (KD) codes (heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine, spleen, ovary) with no generic \"solid organ transplant\" code. NAA.KD.AA (kidney transplantation) is selected as the most commonly performed solid organ transplant worldwide, but is narrower because it specifies only the kidney.</td></tr><tr><td>416269009 (Manual medicine)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>\"Manual medicine\" is a broad therapeutic discipline encompassing multiple hands-on techniques (manipulation, mobilisation, massage) across all musculoskeletal structures. MRJ.PA.AH covers only joint manipulation at an unspecified site, making it more specific/narrower than the SNOMED concept, as ICHI lacks a single code that captures the full scope of manual medicine.</td></tr><tr><td>710766003 (Implementation of immunization regime)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)</td><td>ICHI has no route-unspecified or regime-level vaccination code. DTB.VD.AE is the closest single intervention code, but it is narrower because it specifies only one administration route (percutaneous) and represents a single vaccination act, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses an entire vaccination schedule potentially involving multiple routes.</td></tr><tr><td>386518003 (Artificial airway management)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PTC.SN.AC (Management of tracheostomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Artificial airway management\" is a broad nursing/clinical concept encompassing management of all artificial airways (endotracheal tubes, tracheostomy tubes, oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal airways), while PTC.SN.AC is restricted specifically to tracheostomy management, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code captures the full breadth of artificial airway management across all device types.</td></tr><tr><td>233036001 (Atrial septation operation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HAZ.ML.AA (Septation of common atrium without a common atrioventricular junction)</td><td>HAZ.ML.AA directly describes an atrial septation procedure — the surgical creation of a septum in a common (undivided) atrium — which is the core meaning of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is narrower because it specifies the subtype \"without a common atrioventricular junction,\" whereas the SNOMED concept \"Atrial septation operation\" is a broader term that encompasses all atrial septation procedures regardless of atrioventricular junction anatomy.</td></tr><tr><td>699803004 (Balloon test occlusion)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IBB.AC.AF (Carotid artery balloon test occlusion)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Balloon test occlusion\" is a general term not restricted to a specific vessel, while the only ICHI code available (IBB.AC.AF) is explicitly scoped to the carotid artery (extracranial), meaning the ICHI code is narrower in anatomical scope than the SNOMED concept. No more general balloon test occlusion code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>274474001 (Bone immobilization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)</td><td>MRB.LC.AH covers application of an external immobilisation device to bone at an unspecified site, capturing the core concept of bone immobilization, but the means axis (AH = external device) constrains the technique whereas the SNOMED concept \"Bone immobilization\" is broader, encompassing any immobilization technique (external devices, casts, splints, traction, internal fixation), making the ICHI code narrower in means than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>448137007 (Brachytherapy using radioiodine)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>EBA.GA.BE (Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Brachytherapy using radioiodine\" is a general technique applicable to any anatomical target (e.g., prostate, thyroid, liver), whereas EBA.GA.BE constrains the procedure specifically to thyroid gland destruction using radioactive iodine, making the ICHI code narrower in target scope than the SNOMED concept. No site-agnostic radioiodine brachytherapy code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match.</td></tr><tr><td>41976001 (Cardiac catheterization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HZZ.AB.AF (Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation)</td><td>SNOMED \"Cardiac catheterization\" is a generic parent concept covering left-sided, right-sided, and combined procedures, while ICHI splits these into three distinct codes (HZA.AB.AF, HZB.AB.AF, HZZ.AB.AF). HZZ.AB.AF (combined right and left heart catheterisation) is the most representative single code but is narrower than the SNOMED concept since it specifies the combined procedure, whereas SNOMED encompasses any cardiac catheterization variant.</td></tr><tr><td>243783008 (Cardiac catheter pressure measurement)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HZZ.AB.AF (Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a generic parent for any catheter-based cardiac pressure measurement regardless of side, whereas HZZ.AB.AF denotes a specific combined right-and-left procedure; ICHI's cardiac catheterisation codes are all side-specific (left, right, or combined), so no unspecified-side equivalent exists, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept. HZZ.AB.AF is selected as the best available match because the action/means axes (AB = measurement, AF = percutaneous transluminal catheter) directly reflect the pressure-measurement-by-catheter concept.</td></tr><tr><td>5685002 (Electrolysis procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LBB.GA.AA (Destruction of skin appendage of trunk)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Electrolysis procedure\" refers to electrical destruction of hair follicles (skin appendages) without restriction to body site, while ICHI only offers site-specific destruction-of-skin-appendage codes (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb) with no single body-region-agnostic assignable category. LBB.GA.AA is semantically aligned in action (destruction, GA) and target (skin appendage, a category that includes hair follicles) but is narrower because it is confined to the trunk region, and ICHI does not encode the electrolytic technique in a way that distinguishes it from other destruction means.</td></tr><tr><td>281556002 (Insertion of temporary cardiac pacemaker)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is route-unspecified and covers any method of temporary cardiac pacing (transvenous, epicardial, transcutaneous), whereas HFC.DL.AF specifies the percutaneous transluminal endocardial (transvenous) approach — the most clinically common route. The ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept; it best represents the predominant clinical intent but does not fully encompass the epicardial or transcutaneous variants also implied by the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>52765003 (Intubation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JZZ.DL.AC (Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Intubation\" is a broad general concept encompassing all tube insertions (endotracheal, nasogastric, etc.), while JZZ.DL.AC is scoped specifically to intubation of the respiratory tract and serves as the NEC catch-all within that system. ICHI is therefore more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED concept, which extends beyond the respiratory tract.</td></tr><tr><td>119270007 (Management procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZB.ZZ.ZZ (Health management encounter, unspecified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Management procedure\" is a broad top-level grouper for any act of managing a patient's health condition, spanning device management, disease management, and care coordination. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available residual health management encounter code in ICHI, but it is narrower because it is restricted to whole-person health management encounters rather than the full breadth of management acts (e.g., device management, body-system-specific management) covered by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>1230039003 (Nose care)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JAA.JA.AC (Irrigation of nasal passages)</td><td>\"Nose care\" is a broad SNOMED concept encompassing any care activity directed at the nose (cleaning, moisturising, suctioning, packing, irrigation, etc.), whereas JAA.JA.AC specifically describes irrigation of the nasal passages — a single representative clinical procedure within nasal care. The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept; no more general nasal care code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>10029008 (Suicide precautions)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>VBA.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence self-harm behaviours)</td><td>\"Suicide precautions\" is a clinically specific set of measures (environmental safety checks, removal of means, supervised observation) directed at preventing suicidal self-harm, which is a subset of the broader ICHI category covering any environment modification targeting self-harm behaviours. The ICHI code is wider in scope — it covers all self-harm (not just suicide) and all forms of environment modification — so the SNOMED concept is narrower than the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>302437009 (Operation on skin wound)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LZZ.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering all surgical operations on skin wounds (repair, debridement, excision, closure, revision), while LZZ.MK.AA specifically captures repair/reconstruction of skin NEC, which is the most prototypical and central skin wound operation but does not encompass the full scope of the grouper. No single ICHI assignable category exists for all skin wound surgery, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>302375005 (Operative termination of pregnancy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.JE.AA (Termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy)</td><td>NME.JE.AA is the only ICHI code explicitly framing termination of pregnancy as a named surgical procedure, but it specifies only the hysterotomy technique, whereas the SNOMED concept covers all surgical methods (suction curettage, dilatation and curettage, hysterotomy, etc.). The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept; no broader operative-TOP grouper exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>177135005 (Oxytocin induction of labor)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.SH.AF (Intravenous medical induction of labour)</td><td>NME.SH.AF specifies intravenous medical induction of labour, which maps tightly to oxytocin (always given IV); slightly narrower than the SNOMED because the ICHI code covers any IV uterotonic without naming oxytocin specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>5880005 (Physical examination)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is unrestricted in scope and may refer to examination of any body site or the whole body, whereas PZA.AE.AH is explicitly scoped to whole-body physical examination. The ICHI code is therefore a narrower (more specific) representation than the broader SNOMED source concept.</td></tr><tr><td>236994008 (Placental delivery procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMM.JE.AC (Manual removal of retained placenta)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering all methods of placental delivery (spontaneous, controlled cord traction, manual removal). NMM.JE.AC specifically refers only to manual removal of a retained placenta, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code captures spontaneous or routine placental delivery.</td></tr><tr><td>37441002 (Removal of electronic heart device)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.JD.AA (Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any electronic heart device (including pacemakers, defibrillators, CRT devices, and implantable monitors), whereas ICHI HFC.JD.AA specifically names pacemaker or defibrillator systems; the ICHI code is more specific than the broader SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>367385006 (Total body scan)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"total body scan\" is modality-unspecified and could encompass CT, MRI, PET, or nuclear medicine scanning of the whole body, whereas PZA.BA.BE is restricted to radioisotope (nuclear medicine) scanning, making the ICHI code more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>231100007 (Acupuncture with stimulation of needle)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZX.SP.AE (Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous)</td><td>ICHI code PZX.SP.AE specifically denotes percutaneous acupuncture (needle insertion through the skin), which corresponds to the needle-stimulation technique described in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is slightly narrower than the SNOMED concept in that it specifies the percutaneous route, whereas the SNOMED concept could in principle include non-percutaneous needle stimulation variants, but this is the best available match.</td></tr><tr><td>431230009 (Administration of substance into urinary bladder via intravesical route using urinary bladder catheter)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AD (Intravesical administration of immunological agent)</td><td>DTB.DB.AD is the closest ICHI code and shares the defining intravesical route and administration action, but it is narrower in substance type (restricted to immunological agents, typically BCG immunotherapy) whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any substance delivered intravesically via catheter.</td></tr><tr><td>386508008 (Airway insertion and stabilization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)</td><td>JBA.DL.AC is the most clinically prominent airway insertion/stabilization procedure but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which covers the full range of airway insertion devices (endotracheal, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal) and stabilization techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>182524008 (Attention to urinary catheter)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.KA.AC (Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter)</td><td>NAI.KA.AC covers the most common clinical act performed when attending to a urinary catheter (replacement/change of an indwelling catheter), but the SNOMED concept \"attention to urinary catheter\" is broader and encompasses any form of care or maintenance, including checking, irrigating, or repositioning, making the ICHI code narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>232917004 (Balloon atrioventricular valvotomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HDF.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of mitral valve)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is non-specific about which AV valve is targeted (mitral or tricuspid), whereas HDF.LG.AF specifically names the mitral valve; this is the closest available ICHI code since balloon AV valvotomy is overwhelmingly performed on the mitral valve in clinical practice, but the ICHI code is narrower than the broader SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>178324008 (Cannulation of lymphatic duct)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DFP.JB.AF (Cannulation of thoracic duct)</td><td>ICHI has an exact-action match (\"Cannulation\") but only for the thoracic duct specifically, while the SNOMED concept refers to any lymphatic duct. The ICHI code is narrower because it specifies the thoracic duct as the target, whereas the SNOMED concept covers cannulation of lymphatic ducts in general.</td></tr><tr><td>69779005 (Cardiac resuscitation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)</td><td>ICHI's code specifies cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which includes both cardiac and pulmonary components, whereas the SNOMED concept \"cardiac resuscitation\" refers specifically to restoration of cardiac function and is semantically slightly broader (it could include open-chest cardiac massage or defibrillation alone). HT2.MC.AH is the closest available ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>11319003 (Control of postoperative hemorrhage of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.LA.AC (Transurethral haemostasis of bladder)</td><td>NAI.LA.AC correctly encodes haemostasis of the urinary bladder but specifies a transurethral approach (AC), making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach; NAI.LA.AD (endoscopic) is an equally valid narrower alternative.</td></tr><tr><td>174880000 (Creation of valved cardiac conduit)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HBB.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree)</td><td>A valved cardiac conduit is most commonly placed between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in congenital heart surgery, and HBB.LI.AA matches that anatomy precisely; however, the SNOMED concept is broader — it encompasses any valved conduit placement in the heart (including left-sided or atriopulmonary routes), so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>233176009 (Direct temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.DL.AA (Insertion of temporary epicardial pacemaker system)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Direct temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure\" is a broad category encompassing any direct (epicardial/myocardial) temporary pacing intervention, while HFC.DL.AA specifies the open epicardial route specifically; HFC.DL.AF (percutaneous endocardial) covers a different access route, so HFC.DL.AA captures the \"direct\" (epicardial) approach but is more specific than the SNOMED parent concept.</td></tr><tr><td>761892008 (Education about artificial airway)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PTC.PM.ZZ (Tracheostomy education)</td><td>ICHI's tracheostomy education code is more specific than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all artificial airways (tracheostomy, endotracheal tube, oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal airways). PTC.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but covers only one type of artificial airway, making it narrower than the broader SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>5845006 (Emulsification procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BBF.JK.AE (Phacoemulsification of lens)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Emulsification procedure\" is a broad category encompassing any emulsification technique used in surgery, whereas the only ICHI code that uses emulsification as its defining means is specifically phacoemulsification of the lens — a more specific procedure than the general SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>55670007 (Endodontic procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAE.ML.AC (Root canal therapy)</td><td>\"Endodontic procedure\" in SNOMED is a broad category that encompasses root canal therapy, pulp capping, pulpectomy, apexification, and other pulp/root interventions, whereas KAE.ML.AC is specifically root canal therapy. ICHI does not have a parent \"endodontic procedures\" grouping code, so the most representative assignable code is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>449422005 (Endoscopic removal of calculus from biliary tract)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCM.JE.AD (Extraction of calculus from bile duct via endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram)</td><td>KCM.JE.AD specifies extraction via ERCP, which is narrower than the SNOMED concept covering any endoscopic approach to remove a calculus from anywhere in the biliary tract; additionally, the ICHI code targets the bile duct specifically rather than the full biliary tract.</td></tr><tr><td>39250009 (Enucleation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BZA.JK.AA (Enucleation of eyeball)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Enucleation\" is a general procedure concept covering enucleation of any structure (eye, tumour, cyst, etc.), while BZA.JK.AA specifically refers to enucleation of the eyeball only. The ICHI code is more specific than the broad SNOMED term, though eyeball enucleation is by far the most common clinical referent; no general \"enucleation\" code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>401212003 (Fecal screening procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG5WC5 (Faecal immunochemical test)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"fecal screening procedure\" is a broad category covering any screening performed on faecal samples (including guaiac FOBT, FIT, starch test, etc.), whereas XG5WC5 specifically refers only to the faecal immunochemical test (FIT), making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept; no broader ICHI \"faecal screening\" category exists.</td></tr><tr><td>281568006 (Fetal heart monitoring)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMR.AI.AC (Internal fetal monitoring)</td><td>NMR.AI.AC describes internal (invasive, intrapartum) fetal monitoring via a scalp electrode, which is a subset of fetal heart monitoring; the broader SNOMED concept includes both external cardiotocography and internal monitoring, but NMR.AI.AC is the most specific fetal-heart-directed code available in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>116249002 (Gastrointestinal tract incision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBF.FA.AA (Gastrotomy)</td><td>ICHI's gastrotomy code captures incision of the stomach but the SNOMED concept spans incision of any GI segment; using the stomach-only code is more specific than the SNOMED parent concept, and no single assignable code covers incision across the whole GI tract.</td></tr><tr><td>265293008 (Goniopuncture)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BBE.LI.AC (Goniopuncture without goniotomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Goniopuncture\" is generic and encompasses all goniopuncture variants, while the only ICHI goniopuncture code (BBE.LI.AC) specifically represents the \"without goniotomy\" subtype, making the ICHI code narrower than the broader SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>165197003 (Diagnostic assessment)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Diagnostic assessment\" is extremely broad, covering any diagnostic evaluation of any kind, while ICHI's \"General health assessment\" is scoped specifically to whole-person health assessment, making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>363158006 (Incision of ear)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>CAA.FA.AA (Incision of external ear, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI's closest generic ear incision code is restricted to the external ear, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Incision of ear\" is broader and encompasses external, middle, and inner ear; dedicated incision codes for the middle ear and tympanic membrane (myringotomy) also exist but represent more specific targets rather than the general concept.</td></tr><tr><td>30617006 (Incision of nervous system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ACA.FA.AA (Incision of peripheral nerve)</td><td>ICHI has no single generic \"incision of nervous system\" code; the closest assignable codes are site-specific (cranial nerve, peripheral nerve, spinal series), so no code covers the full nervous system scope of the SNOMED concept, making any single ICHI code narrower — ACA.FA.AA is the most representative general-nerve incision available.</td></tr><tr><td>30683004 (Incision of palate)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAS.FA.AA (Incision of soft palate)</td><td>ICHI provides an incision code only for the soft palate; there is no equivalent code for the hard palate, and no combined \"palate\" incision category exists, so the ICHI code is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept which covers both soft and hard palate.</td></tr><tr><td>77248004 (Infection control procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)</td><td>\"Infection control procedure\" is a broad concept encompassing any clinical procedure performed to prevent spread of infection, while PZB.VE.ZZ is the most clinically concrete individual-level infection control intervention in ICHI (isolation of a whole person); the ICHI code is narrower — the SNOMED concept encompasses a wider set of procedures beyond just isolation.</td></tr><tr><td>287380006 (Inner ear fenestration)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>CCA.ML.AA (Fenestration of inner ear with graft)</td><td>CCA.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for inner ear fenestration and matches the anatomical site and procedure type precisely. However, it specifies \"with graft,\" making it more specific than the SNOMED concept, which does not imply a graft is necessarily used.</td></tr><tr><td>233433004 (Insertion of intraluminal device into vein)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ICD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of upper limb)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a generic, site-unspecified insertion of an intraluminal device into any vein; ICHI encodes vein device insertions only at specific anatomical vein locations (upper limb, thorax, head/neck, etc.), making any specific ICHI code narrower in anatomical scope. ICD.DL.AF is selected as the best single assignable code for the most common clinical scenario (peripheral IV line).</td></tr><tr><td>107878006 (Integumentary system excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for all excision procedures on the integumentary system, whereas LZZ.JI.AA specifically represents local excision; the full family of excision codes would be needed to cover the SNOMED concept, making any single pick narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>45350003 (Intracranial endoscopy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAE.AE.AB (Ventriculoscopy)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"intracranial endoscopy\" category; the closest endoscopic intracranial examination code is ventriculoscopy (AAE.AE.AB), which is narrower — it covers endoscopy of the cerebral ventricles only, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any endoscopic inspection within the cranial cavity.</td></tr><tr><td>386337006 (Intrapartal care)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.AI.AH (Monitoring of delivery)</td><td>\"Intrapartal care\" is a broad SNOMED concept encompassing all clinical care provided during active labour and delivery, while NME.AI.AH covers only the monitoring component of delivery; the ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept, but no single ICHI code captures the full scope of intrapartal care.</td></tr><tr><td>235419001 (Intubation of gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)</td><td>KBA.DL.AC is scoped specifically to the oesophagus, whereas the SNOMED concept covers intubation of the entire gastrointestinal tract (oesophagus, stomach, intestines); no broader GI-tract-level intubation or device-insertion code exists in ICHI, making this the best available code but narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>78823007 (Life support procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)</td><td>\"Life support procedure\" in SNOMED is a broad category encompassing mechanical ventilation, CPR, cardiac monitoring, and other resuscitative measures, whereas HT2.MC.AH refers specifically to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. No single ICHI code covers the full scope of \"life support,\" making CPR the most representative but narrower match.</td></tr><tr><td>119952002 (Lymphatic system repair)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DFO.MK.AA (Repair of lymphatic vessels)</td><td>\"Repair of lymphatic vessels\" is the closest specific ICHI code and directly captures surgical repair intent, but it is narrower than the SNOMED grouper because it covers only lymphatic vessels — not repair of lymph nodes or thoracic duct.</td></tr><tr><td>719070009 (Management of cardiac implant)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>\"Cardiac implant\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any implanted cardiac device (pacemaker, defibrillator, VAD, CRT device, etc.), whereas HFC.SN.AA is specific to pacemaker or defibrillator systems only. Adjacent codes such as HZZ.SN.AA (Management of cardiac assist device) cover other cardiac implants, but no single ICHI code represents management of all cardiac implants, making HFC.SN.AA the best single match for the most common cardiac implant type.</td></tr><tr><td>237005005 (Manual procedure for malpresentation or position)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad category encompassing any manual obstetric procedure for fetal malpresentation or malposition (including external version, internal version, rotation), while NMR.LD.AH covers only external cephalic version; there is also NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) but neither code individually captures the full breadth of the SNOMED concept, making NMR.LD.AH the best single match albeit narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>266784003 (Manual replacement of inverted postnatal uterus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.LD.AC (Manual repositioning of inverted uterus)</td><td>The SNOMED concept restricts the procedure to the postnatal (postpartum) context, while ICHI NME.LD.AC covers manual repositioning of an inverted uterus in any clinical setting, making the ICHI code broader and thus the SNOMED concept narrower within it.</td></tr><tr><td>285409006 (Medical termination of pregnancy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.DB.AC (Termination of pregnancy by oral medication)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"medical termination of pregnancy\" refers broadly to medication-induced (non-surgical) termination, whereas NME.DB.AC specifies the oral route of administration specifically. The ICHI code is narrower because it captures only the oral medication subtype, while other medication routes (e.g., vaginal, parenteral) would also fall under the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>229423009 (Mobilization of the thorax)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MBG.PB.AH (Mobilisation of thoracic spine)</td><td>The thorax includes the rib cage, sternum, and costovertebral joints in addition to the thoracic vertebral column, so the SNOMED concept is broader than ICHI's code which covers only the thoracic spine. No ICHI code exists for mobilisation of the thoracic cage as a whole.</td></tr><tr><td>107737002 (Musculoskeletal system excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRM.JJ.AA (Excision of muscle of unspecified site)</td><td>\"Musculoskeletal system excision\" is a wide SNOMED grouper covering excision of any musculoskeletal structure (bone, joint, muscle, tendon, cartilage, etc.), whereas MRM.JJ.AA is limited to muscle excision at an unspecified site. No single ICHI assignable code covers excision across the entire musculoskeletal system; the block BlockL3-MAA would be the structural alternative, but MRM.JJ.AA is the most specific assignable category that approximates the concept when interpreted as excision of muscle.</td></tr><tr><td>107742005 (Musculoskeletal system manipulation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI encodes manipulation of joints at unspecified site (MRJ.PA.AH), and all musculoskeletal manipulation codes found are joint-specific — no separate ICHI codes exist for manipulation of muscle, bone, or soft tissue in isolation. The SNOMED concept is broader, covering any musculoskeletal manipulation, while MRJ.PA.AH is more specific to joints, making it narrower but the best available match.</td></tr><tr><td>119574004 (Musculoskeletal system repair)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRM.MK.AA (Repair of muscle of unspecified site)</td><td>SNOMED 119574004 is a broad grouping concept covering repair of any musculoskeletal structure (muscle, bone, joint, tendon). ICHI has separate repair codes by tissue type; MRM.MK.AA (repair of muscle, unspecified site) is the most general tissue-type repair code found, but it covers only muscle, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code encompasses repair across all musculoskeletal structures.</td></tr><tr><td>119576002 (Musculoskeletal system transposition)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)</td><td>\"Transposition\" in musculoskeletal surgery predominantly refers to repositioning of muscles or tendons; MRM.LJ.AA (muscle transfer or transplantation, unspecified site) is the closest ICHI match. However, the SNOMED concept is broader — it can encompass transposition of any musculoskeletal structure — while ICHI limits this code to muscle, and no equivalent code exists for tendon or bone transposition at an unspecified site.</td></tr><tr><td>119600000 (Neck manipulation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of head or neck joint)</td><td>MAJ.PA.AH is the closest assignable ICHI manipulation code covering the neck region, but it is limited to joint manipulation (plus MBA.PA.AH for cervical spine). The SNOMED concept is a broader grouper covering manipulation of any neck structure (soft tissue, vascular, musculoskeletal), making the ICHI code narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>119592007 (Neck repair)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAM.MK.AA (Myorrhaphy of head or neck)</td><td>ICHI codes neck repair only at the individual tissue level (e.g., MAM.MK.AA for muscle, LAA.MK.AA for skin/subcutaneous tissue, MAJ.ML.AA for joint reconstruction), with no single assignable grouper for all neck repairs. MAM.MK.AA (myorrhaphy) represents one specific tissue type and is therefore narrower than the broad SNOMED grouper concept.</td></tr><tr><td>78746004 (Neurostimulation procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAA.SC.BP (Stimulation of the brain using electric fields)</td><td>\"Neurostimulation procedure\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering electrical stimulation of any neural structure (brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves). ICHI has multiple site-specific stimulation codes (brain, cranial nerve, spinal nerve, peripheral nerve); no single ICHI code covers all neurostimulation — the best available code (AAA.SC.BP) is narrower, limited to brain stimulation via electric fields.</td></tr><tr><td>108294005 (Nuclear medicine diagnostic procedure on cardiovascular system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HTC.BA.BE (Myocardial perfusion scan)</td><td>HTC.BA.BE is the only cardiovascular nuclear medicine imaging code in ICHI (BA = imaging, BE = nuclear/radionuclide means, under the block for functions involved in supplying blood to the heart), but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all nuclear medicine diagnostics across the full cardiovascular system rather than being restricted to myocardial perfusion specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>108106008 (Obstetrics destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMR.GA.AC (Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery)</td><td>ICHI's \"Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery\" is a specific and clinically precise match — obstetric destructive procedures are performed on the fetus to resolve obstructed delivery. The SNOMED concept is a broader grouper, making the ICHI code narrower, but in practice this is the primary obstetric destructive procedure type.</td></tr><tr><td>29078006 (Operation on cul-de-sac)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMH.JB.AE (Culdocentesis)</td><td>\"Cul-de-sac\" in gynaecological context refers to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas); NMH.JB.AE is the only ICHI code that explicitly names a cul-de-sac procedure, but it is narrower than the broader SNOMED concept which encompasses any operation on the cul-de-sac.</td></tr><tr><td>89812006 (Operation on hymen)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMH.JJ.AC (Hymenectomy)</td><td>ICHI contains only one hymen-specific code (NMH.JJ.AC, hymenectomy — excision of the hymen), whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on the hymen; the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the broad SNOMED grouping.</td></tr><tr><td>303775004 (Operation on oral frenum)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAB.FB.AC (Lingual fraenotomy)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"operation on oral frenum\" code; the closest assignable category is KAB.FB.AC (lingual fraenotomy), which is more specific than the SNOMED grouper in both anatomical site (lingual only, not labial) and procedure type (fraenotomy only). No broader oral frenum block exists in ICHI, so this narrower category is the best available match.</td></tr><tr><td>236991000 (Operation to facilitate delivery)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MKB.FA.AC (Pubiotomy to assist delivery)</td><td>ICHI contains no generic code for \"operation to facilitate delivery\" as a category; MKB.FA.AC (pubiotomy to assist delivery) is one specific surgical procedure done to facilitate delivery and is the closest named ICHI code with that explicit intent — making it narrower than the broad SNOMED concept. Alternative ICHI codes (e.g., NMR.GA.AC for fetal destructive operation, NMR.LD.AH for external version) each capture only one sub-type of facilitation, none covering the full SNOMED scope.</td></tr><tr><td>3133002 (Patient discharge, deceased, autopsy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.AE.AA (Autopsy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers a composite administrative-plus-procedural event (discharge of a deceased patient with an autopsy performed), whereas ICHI's PZA.AE.AA codes only the autopsy procedure itself, leaving the discharge disposition unrepresented; the ICHI code is therefore more specific to one component and narrower in administrative scope.</td></tr><tr><td>309433007 (Patient warming therapy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.SD.BQ (Warming of central body temperature)</td><td>PZA.SD.BQ specifically addresses warming of the central (core) body temperature, which is the primary clinical intent of patient warming therapy (e.g., active rewarming in hypothermia or perioperative normothermia maintenance); if peripheral warming is also intended, PZX.SD.BQ would supplement, making the single code slightly narrower than the full SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>24394009 (Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty of heart)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HDF.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of mitral valve)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is intentionally non-specific (any heart valve), while ICHI provides only valve-specific codes (aortic HDE.LG.AF, mitral HDF.LG.AF, pulmonary HDG.LG.AF, tricuspid HDH.LG.AF); the mitral valve code is selected as representative since mitral balloon valvuloplasty is the most clinically common application, but any single ICHI valve code is more specific than the generic SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>415070008 (Percutaneous coronary intervention)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)</td><td>SNOMED \"percutaneous coronary intervention\" is a broad umbrella term encompassing balloon angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, and other catheter-based coronary procedures, whereas ICHI HIA.LG.AF specifically describes balloon angioplasty (PTCA) only; this makes the ICHI code more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED source concept.</td></tr><tr><td>428389001 (Percutaneous transluminal ablation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>ICHI encodes percutaneous transluminal ablation only for the cardiac conduction system (HFC.GA.AF), whereas the SNOMED concept is procedure-type generic (no target organ specified), making the ICHI code more specific/narrower. No general non-organ-specific percutaneous transluminal ablation code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>609165007 (Percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of vein)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)</td><td>Endovenous destruction via laser (endovenous laser ablation) of a lower limb vein is the predominant clinical context for this ICHI code, and the action (destruction/ablation) and endovascular route align well; however, the SNOMED concept refers to any vein without anatomical restriction, while IFD.GA.AF is specific to lower limb veins, making the ICHI code narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>401306006 (Phacoemulsification of lens and insertion of intraocular lens)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BBF.JK.AE (Phacoemulsification of lens)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes the full standard cataract surgery combining phacoemulsification with IOL implantation; ICHI separates these into BBF.JK.AE (phacoemulsification) and BBF.ML.AA (insertion of prosthetic lens), so the single best code covers only the phaco step and is therefore narrower than the combined SNOMED procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>82918005 (Positron emission tomography)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BG (Positron emission tomography of whole body)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a generic PET procedure with no body-region qualifier, while ICHI's only unspecified-anatomy PET code is anchored to the whole-body target (PZA). Body-region-specific PET codes (brain, pituitary, lymphatics) exist in ICHI but would be more specific still; PZA.BA.BG is the closest general-purpose mapping but is more specific than the SNOMED concept because it explicitly names whole body.</td></tr><tr><td>70989006 (Postoperative control of hemorrhage of tonsils)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DAA.LA.AC (Control of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy)</td><td>ICHI specifies control of haemorrhage specifically after tonsillectomy, whereas the SNOMED concept is broader and covers any postoperative hemorrhage of the tonsils regardless of the prior procedure type. The ICHI code is thus more specific in its surgical context.</td></tr><tr><td>238297001 (Procedure for peritoneal lesion)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing any procedure targeting a peritoneal lesion (excision, destruction, drainage, etc.), whereas KMA.JI.AA is restricted to local excision only; the ICHI code is more specific than the broad SNOMED category, though it represents the most clinically typical intervention for a peritoneal lesion.</td></tr><tr><td>118807008 (Procedure on artery of head and neck)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BlockL5-IBA (Interventions on artery of head and neck, extracranial)</td><td>The closest ICHI block (BlockL5-IBA) specifies \"extracranial\" arteries of the head and neck, whereas the SNOMED concept is unrestricted and would also encompass intracranial arteries (covered separately in ICHI under BlockL5-IAA). The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>118843002 (Procedure on perirectal tissue)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBW.JB.AA (Drainage of rectum and perirectal area)</td><td>No ICHI block or grouper covers all procedures on perirectal tissue; the only ICHI code that explicitly references perirectal tissue is KBW.JB.AA, which is restricted to drainage only. This single code is much narrower than the SNOMED grouper.</td></tr><tr><td>118852006 (Procedure on perirenal tissue)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAA.FC.AA (Release of perirenal adhesions)</td><td>ICHI contains no block for interventions on perirenal tissue; the only codes that explicitly reference perirenal tissue are NAA.FC.AA and its laparoscopic variant, both limited to release of adhesions. Considerably narrower than the SNOMED grouper.</td></tr><tr><td>697946005 (Puncture of liver)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of liver)</td><td>ICHI has no explicit \"puncture of liver\" code; the closest match is KCA.AD.AE (percutaneous biopsy of liver), which represents the most common clinical reason for a liver puncture with a needle. The ICHI code is narrower because it specifically implies a diagnostic tissue sampling purpose, while the SNOMED concept is a broader procedural act that could also serve therapeutic or other purposes.</td></tr><tr><td>32012009 (Radioisotope scan of head)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain)</td><td>A radioisotope scan of the head could encompass brain, skull, soft tissue, or other structures, but the closest and most clinically meaningful ICHI code targets the brain specifically via SPECT (the dominant radionuclide imaging modality for the head); ICHI is narrower in anatomical scope (brain only) and technique (SPECT only).</td></tr><tr><td>24998001 (Radionuclide ablation of thyroid gland)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>EBA.GA.BE (Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine)</td><td>EBA.GA.BE specifically refers to destruction using radioactive iodine (I-131), which is the overwhelmingly predominant method of radionuclide thyroid ablation; the SNOMED concept \"radionuclide ablation\" is modality-neutral and could in principle include other radionuclides, so the ICHI code is slightly narrower, but in clinical practice the two are virtually equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>38915000 (Radionuclide therapy for gland ablation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>EBA.GA.BE (Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering radionuclide ablation of any gland, whereas ICHI's EBA.GA.BE is specific to radioactive iodine destruction of the thyroid gland, which is by far the most common and clinically predominant instance of this procedure. The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>450676000 (Reconstruction of intraarticular ligament)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)</td><td>Intraarticular ligaments are most commonly the cruciate ligaments of the knee, and MML.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for ligament reconstruction, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because \"intraarticular ligament\" is not knee-specific and could apply to intraarticular ligaments of other joints; no generic intraarticular ligament reconstruction code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>173379003 (Removal of lesion of palate)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion or tissue of soft palate)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to the palate without specifying hard or soft, while ICHI only offers site-specific codes for soft palate (KAS.JI.AA) and hard palate (KAT.JI.AA) separately. KAS.JI.AA is selected as the closest option but covers only the soft palate, making it narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>363284008 (Removal of lesion of urinary tract)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bladder)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers the entire urinary tract (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra), while ICHI has separate site-specific codes for each structure with no single code spanning the whole tract. NAI.JI.AA (bladder) is selected as the most clinically common site for urinary tract lesion removal, but it is narrower than the broader SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>43810009 (Removal of thrombus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HAZ.JE.AA (Thrombectomy from atrium)</td><td>ICHI has no site-unspecified thrombectomy code; HAZ.JE.AA is the least site-specific thrombectomy code available in ICHI, but it is still restricted to the atrium, making it narrower than the broadly-scoped SNOMED concept of thrombus removal from any anatomical site.</td></tr><tr><td>69888009 (Repair of pharynx)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAR.MK.AA (Repair of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"repair of pharynx\" code spanning all pharyngeal regions; KAR.MK.AA specifically refers to the oropharynx, while the SNOMED concept is non-specific and could apply to nasopharynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx, making the ICHI code more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>103713001 (Replacement of catheter)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.KA.AC (Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter)</td><td>ICHI has no generic \"replacement of catheter\" code — the only catheter replacement code found is NAI.KA.AC, which is restricted to indwelling urinary catheters; this is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which applies to any catheter type in any location.</td></tr><tr><td>69446009 (Skeletal traction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)</td><td>ICHI contains only one explicit skeletal/direct traction code (MBZ.LC.AE), which is limited to the spine, whereas SNOMED's \"skeletal traction\" is a general procedure applicable to any skeletal site (femur, tibia, skull via halo, etc.). The ICHI code is therefore more specific (site-restricted) than the SNOMED concept, making it narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>472839005 (Termination of pregnancy after first trimester)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.JE.AA (Termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept identifies pregnancy termination by timing (after first trimester) without specifying method, whereas NME.JE.AA narrows to a specific surgical method (hysterotomy) used primarily in later terminations; the other ICHI termination code (NME.DB.AC, oral medication) is also narrower and less representative of post-first-trimester practice.</td></tr><tr><td>117021008 (Test strip method)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG4F04 (Urinalysis test strips)</td><td>XG4F04 specifically refers to urinalysis test strips, whereas the SNOMED concept \"test strip method\" is a general methodological category covering any test-strip-based analysis (urine, blood glucose, etc.); the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>57942008 (Therapeutic electrical stimulation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AXA.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation for pain)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad, body-site-agnostic category for any therapeutic electrical stimulation, whereas ICHI's AXA.SC.BP is specific to electrical stimulation for pain management; ICHI captures this concept only through site- or function-specific codes, making any single ICHI selection narrower than the broad SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>448029001 (Traction of spine using skull traction device)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)</td><td>MBZ.LC.AE covers direct/skeletal traction to the vertebral column and is the only spine-traction code in ICHI; it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies use of a skull traction device (halo/Crutchfield tongs/skull tongs) as the means. Note that MAA.DL.AA (\"Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device\") captures only the device-insertion step, not the traction intervention itself, so MBZ.LC.AE is the better functional match.</td></tr><tr><td>708862000 (Transcatheter embolization of head and neck vessel)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IBA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck)</td><td>IBA.LA.AF covers embolisation of the artery of the head and neck via endovascular (transcatheter) approach, which is the dominant clinical use case; however, the SNOMED concept says \"vessel\" (encompassing both arteries and veins), whereas the ICHI code is restricted to arteries — IBD.LA.AF covers veins of head and neck separately — making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>448527005 (Transcatheter oily chemoembolization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>TACE (transarterial chemoembolization with Lipiodol/oil) is a specific subtype of endovascular embolisation targeting the hepatic artery (a branch of the abdominal/pelvic artery group); ICHI has no dedicated TACE code and IEA.LA.AF is the closest endovascular embolisation code, but it is broader — it covers all abdominal/pelvic artery embolisations and does not capture the chemotherapy-loaded oily agent component unique to TACE.</td></tr><tr><td>275222009 (Transcervical sampling of chorionic villus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMM.AH.XH (Tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord)</td><td>Transcervical chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a tissue specimen collection from the placenta (chorionic villi are placental tissue), which maps well to NMM.AH.XH; ICHI is broader — it covers all routes (transcervical, transabdominal) and all placental/amniotic/cord tissue collections — whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the transcervical route for prenatal diagnosis.</td></tr><tr><td>391366006 (Treponema screening test)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG7779 (Antibodies to T. pallidum)</td><td>XG7779 is a treponemal antibody test (specific serological detection of Treponema pallidum), which represents one of the main methods used in Treponema screening; however, the SNOMED concept is broader as it covers the overall screening activity rather than one specific test methodology, and ICHI also has separate codes for haemagglutination (XG4RM4) and particle agglutination (XG8NJ2) variants.</td></tr><tr><td>119595009 (Trunk destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LAB.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of all destructive procedures on the trunk across any tissue layer (skin, muscle, viscera, bone). ICHI code LAB.GA.AH covers only destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, making it a specific subset of the SNOMED concept; no single ICHI code spans all trunk tissue types for a destructive action.</td></tr><tr><td>119583009 (Trunk excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>SNOMED \"Trunk excision\" is a broad parent concept covering excision of any tissue within the trunk region, whereas ICHI LAB.JI.AA is restricted to local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk only; no single ICHI assignable code covers excision of the trunk as a whole across all tissue types.</td></tr><tr><td>119580007 (Trunk incision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LAB.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>SNOMED \"Trunk incision\" is a broad grouping encompassing incision of any structure in the trunk, while ICHI LAB.FA.AA specifies incision limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk; deeper trunk incisions (e.g., laparotomy, thoracotomy) are coded under organ-specific ICHI blocks, so no single assignable ICHI code corresponds to the full breadth of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>711306005 (Ultrasonography of body cavity structure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KMA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of peritoneal cavity)</td><td>ICHI has no generic \"body cavity\" ultrasound code; codes are specific to individual cavities (peritoneal, pleural, thoracic, etc.). KMA.BA.BJ covers only the peritoneal cavity, making it narrower than the SNOMED grouper concept that encompasses any body cavity structure.</td></tr><tr><td>108288002 (Ultrasound procedure on topographic region)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PAK.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of abdomen)</td><td>ICHI encodes topographic-region ultrasound as separate site-specific codes (abdomen PAK.BA.BJ, thorax PAE.BA.BJ, head/neck PAB.BA.BJ, etc.) rather than a single grouper; PAK.BA.BJ is the most representative of these but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which covers ultrasound on any topographic region without specifying which one.</td></tr><tr><td>274504000 (Umbilical vessel catheterization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IED.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of catheter into umbilical vein)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers catheterization of any umbilical vessel (both umbilical artery and umbilical vein), whereas the only specific ICHI code found is IED.DL.AF which covers only the umbilical vein; ICHI does not have a parallel code for umbilical artery catheterization, so the best available ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>55531006 (Urethrostomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAM.LI.AF (Perineal urethrostomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Urethrostomy\" is a general term covering any surgical creation of a urethral opening/stoma, while NAM.LI.AF specifies the perineal approach. This is the only urethrostomy code in the ICHI urethra block, making it narrower than the broader SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>119659008 (Wrist destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MFJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any destructive procedure in the wrist region (joint, bone, cartilage, soft tissue), while MFJ.GA.AA is specifically restricted to destruction of lesion or tissue of the wrist joint, making ICHI narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>241741007 (Active cooling of patient)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.SE.ZZ (Cooling of central body temperature)</td><td>PZA.SE.ZZ specifically targets central (core) body temperature cooling, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Active cooling of patient\" is broader and includes peripheral or whole-body cooling by any means; PZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature) also exists, confirming that ICHI splits what SNOMED expresses as a single unspecified concept.</td></tr><tr><td>117095008 (Administration of Vaccinia immune globulin, human)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)</td><td>Vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) is a specific immunological agent typically administered intravenously, so DTB.DB.AF captures the substance class (immunological agent) and the standard route (IV) for VIG. The ICHI code is narrower because it locks in the intravenous route, whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify a route; however, DTB.DB.AF is the best available fit given that VIG is a human immunoglobulin preparation and IV is its standard administration route.</td></tr><tr><td>243185007 (Advanced life support)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)</td><td>Advanced life support (ALS) is a broader concept than CPR alone — it encompasses airway management, defibrillation, IV drug administration, and other resuscitation techniques in addition to CPR; HT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is therefore narrower than the full scope of ALS. No ICHI code representing the complete ALS bundle exists, making this the best available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>444565005 (Advancement of muscle)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BDA.LK.AA (Advancement of extraocular muscle)</td><td>ICHI's only code explicitly titled \"Advancement of [a] muscle\" is BDA.LK.AA, which is restricted to extraocular muscles. The SNOMED concept is a generic, body-site-unspecified procedure that would encompass muscle advancement anywhere in the body, so the ICHI code is narrower in anatomical scope.</td></tr><tr><td>274295008 (Anal examination)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBX.AE.AC (Digital examination of anus)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"anal examination\" is a broad category encompassing digital, visual, and instrumental examination of the anus, whereas KBX.AE.AC is specifically limited to digital (finger) examination, making ICHI narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>112803004 (Aneurysmectomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HBA.MK.AA (Repair of left ventricular aneurysm)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"aneurysmectomy\" code spanning all anatomical sites; the only named aneurysm-excision/repair codes found are HBA.MK.AA (left ventricular) and HBB.MK.AA (right ventricular), both anatomically specific subsets of the broad SNOMED concept. HBA.MK.AA is listed as a representative example.</td></tr><tr><td>34945008 (Angiocardiography)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HZZ.BA.BB (Combined right and left heart angiocardiography)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Angiocardiography\" is a generic/unspecified procedure (imaging of the heart chambers and great vessels), while HZZ.BA.BB specifies both right and left heart; the sibling codes HZA.BA.BB and HZB.BA.BB cover left-only and right-only variants, but none exactly represents the unspecified SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>182764009 (Anticoagulant therapy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DTA.DB.AE (Injection of anticoagulant)</td><td>DTA.DB.AE specifically describes percutaneous injection of an anticoagulant, which is narrower than the broader SNOMED concept of anticoagulant therapy that encompasses all routes (oral, IV, subcutaneous) and ongoing therapeutic management. No route-agnostic anticoagulant administration code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>119638001 (Arm destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LAE.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)</td><td>\"Arm destructive procedure\" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept that could encompass destruction of any tissue type in the arm (bone, muscle, nerve, skin, vessels, etc.), whereas LAE.GA.AH specifically covers only skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb, making ICHI narrower than the SNOMED concept; no single ICHI code covers all tissue-type destructive procedures of the upper limb simultaneously.</td></tr><tr><td>733873006 (Assessment of circulatory system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>HT2.AA.ZZ targets cardiovascular function specifically, while the SNOMED concept encompasses the full circulatory system (including peripheral vascular and lymphatic components). The ICHI code is more specific to cardiovascular function, making it narrower than the broader SNOMED concept, though it is the best available single-code match.</td></tr><tr><td>713132000 (Assessment of drug use)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>VAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of illicit drug use behaviours)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers assessment of any drug use (illicit, prescription, or over-the-counter), whereas VAC.AA.ZZ is restricted to illicit drug use behaviours, making the ICHI code narrower in scope than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>287294005 (Atrial appendage excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HAA.JJ.AB (Thoracoscopic excision of left atrial appendage)</td><td>HAA.JJ.AB specifies thoracoscopic approach and the left atrial appendage only, while the SNOMED concept \"Atrial appendage excision\" is approach-agnostic and does not lateralise to left; it is the most precise available ICHI code for this procedure and is narrower than the generic SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>413114008 (Autologous chondrocyte implantation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MMC.KD.AA (Transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint)</td><td>ICHI has codes for chondrocyte cell transplantation at specific joint sites (knee, elbow, wrist, ankle), but none at an unspecified or generic site; the knee (MMC.KD.AA) is the most clinically common site for autologous chondrocyte implantation and is therefore selected, making the ICHI code narrower than the site-unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>243179000 (Basic life support)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)</td><td>Basic life support (BLS) encompasses CPR plus airway management and automated external defibrillation, while HT2.MC.AH specifically codes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (chest compressions plus rescue breaths), making the ICHI code slightly narrower in scope as it does not fully capture the broader BLS bundle including AED use and airway maneuvers.</td></tr><tr><td>274448007 (Biliary lithotripsy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCM.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the bile duct)</td><td>\"Biliary lithotripsy\" in SNOMED is a general concept covering lithotripsy anywhere in the biliary system (including gallbladder), whereas KCM.GA.BJ specifies the bile duct only; the ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept. The closest gallbladder equivalent KCF.GA.BJ also exists, but neither alone covers the full biliary scope of the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>119929001 (Biliary tract destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad category for any destructive procedure on the biliary tract, whereas KCM.GA.AD is specific to endoscopic destruction of a lesion of the biliary duct; there is no unspecified-approach biliary destruction code in ICHI, and this code does not cover the gallbladder component of the biliary tract. KCM.GA.AF (percutaneous destruction of bile ducts) is an alternative but KCM.GA.AD is a closer functional match for the most common clinical context.</td></tr><tr><td>119922005 (Biliary tract endoscopy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCM.AE.AD (Endoscopic exploration of common bile duct)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers endoscopy of the entire biliary tract, while KCM.AE.AD is restricted to endoscopic exploration of the common bile duct specifically; no single ICHI code covers biliary tract endoscopy in general, making this an inexact but best-available match. The broader block BlockL5-KCM (Interventions on bile duct) could also be assigned if a category-level match is considered too narrow.</td></tr><tr><td>430112000 (Biopsy of meninges)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAC.AD.AA (Biopsy of cerebral meninges)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers meninges generically (both cerebral and spinal), whereas ICHI separates these into distinct codes — AAC.AD.AA for cerebral meninges and ABC.AD.AA for spinal meninges. AAC.AD.AA is selected as the best single representative but is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>175189006 (Biopsy of pericardium)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFF.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of pericardium)</td><td>ICHI only offers a percutaneous approach variant for pericardial biopsy, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Biopsy of pericardium\" is approach-unspecified and could include open surgical biopsy. HFF.AD.AE is the sole pericardium biopsy code available and is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>372085008 (Bone marrow imaging)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DGA.BA.BE (Bone marrow radionucleide scan)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a generic grouper for all bone marrow imaging modalities, whereas the chosen ICHI code covers only radionuclide scanning specifically; DGA.BA.BH (MRI) is the only other option, so neither single assignable code covers the full breadth of the SNOMED grouper, making any pick narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>445951005 (Bougienage of neck of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAK.LG.AD (Transurethral endoscopic dilatation of bladder neck)</td><td>NAK.LG.AD is the only ICHI code for bladder neck dilatation and explicitly specifies the transurethral endoscopic approach, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach.</td></tr><tr><td>237375003 (Breast biopsy and related procedures)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LCA.AD.AA (Biopsy of breast)</td><td>\"Biopsy of breast\" is the best fitting ICHI category, but the SNOMED term explicitly encompasses \"related procedures\" beyond biopsy alone, so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED grouper concept.</td></tr><tr><td>231744001 (Cataract extraction, insertion of intraocular lens and trabeculectomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (lens extraction + intraocular lens insertion + trabeculectomy), whereas BBF.JK.AA covers only the lens extraction component. ICHI has separate codes for lens extraction, prosthetic lens insertion (BBF.ML.AA), and partial excision of the anterior chamber (BBE.JJ.AA) for the trabeculectomy component, but no single code bundles all three; the best partial anchor code is BBF.JK.AA, making it narrower than the full SNOMED procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>118218001 (Cell count)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG4K56 (White blood cell count)</td><td>\"Cell count\" is a generic, unspecified counting procedure that could apply to any cell type in any specimen, whereas XG4K56 specifically names white blood cell count. No generic \"cell count\" exists in ICHI's Essential Laboratory Tests block; XG4K56 is the closest enumeration-type test but is considerably more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>1455007 (Cerclage)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMF.LL.AC (Cerclage of internal cervical os)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Cerclage\" is anatomically general and could encompass cervical cerclage as well as cerclage of other structures such as the anus (KBX.LL.AC), whereas NMF.LL.AC specifically denotes transvaginal cerclage of the internal cervical os, which is by far the most common clinical procedure intended by this term.</td></tr><tr><td>80556006 (Chemical test for occult blood)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG5WC5 (Faecal immunochemical test)</td><td>XG5WC5 specifically represents the faecal immunochemical test (FIT), which is one type of chemical test for occult blood; the SNOMED concept is broader, covering all chemical occult blood tests (including guaiac-based tests), making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>413815006 (Chest imaging)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBF.BA.BA (X-ray of lung, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI is organised by specific anatomical target rather than by region such as \"chest\"; JBF.BA.BA covers plain x-ray of the lung parenchyma, which is the most common and prototypical chest imaging procedure. However, \"chest imaging\" is broader than lung x-ray alone — it encompasses mediastinum, pleura, thoracic vessels, and multiple modalities — so this ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>252686005 (Clinical genitourinary medicine test)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG7T46 (Qualitative test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections)</td><td>\"Clinical genitourinary medicine\" is the specialty dealing with sexually transmitted infections; XG7T46 is the closest ICHI essential laboratory test targeting common STI pathogens. The SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing the full range of GUM tests, so the ICHI code is narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>410214000 (Communication care assessment)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SFA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of speaking)</td><td>ICHI's \"Assessment of speaking\" (SFA.AA.ZZ) is a reasonable functional match for a communication care assessment, but it is narrower — limited to speaking specifically, while the SNOMED concept covers the broader domain of communication (which includes listening, writing, and non-verbal means). A higher-level block such as \"Interventions on communication\" exists but has no assignable assessment code at that level.</td></tr><tr><td>410216003 (Communication care management)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SFA.PH.ZZ (Training in speaking)</td><td>\"Training in speaking\" (SFA.PH.ZZ) captures the rehabilitative/management aspect of communication care but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses the full management of communication broadly (across all modalities and functions), not just speaking training.</td></tr><tr><td>313129006 (Constant direct current therapy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LZZ.SC.BP (Iontophoresis)</td><td>Iontophoresis is the primary clinical application of constant (galvanic) direct current for therapeutic purposes, making it the closest ICHI match; however, the SNOMED concept is slightly broader as constant direct current therapy also encompasses non-drug-delivery applications (e.g., wound healing, pain management) beyond iontophoresis strictly defined.</td></tr><tr><td>78817002 (Construction of anastomosis)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KZZ.LB.AA (Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a fully generic procedure applicable to any organ or vessel, whereas ICHI codes anastomosis only at specific organ/vessel levels with no single body-system-agnostic catch-all code; KZZ.LB.AA is the broadest intestinal NEC anastomosis code but it is still organ-restricted, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept's scope.</td></tr><tr><td>225368008 (Contact tracing)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZB.VC.ZZ (Infectious disease contact tracing)</td><td>PZB.VC.ZZ is semantically close but narrower than the SNOMED concept because the ICHI title specifies \"infectious disease\" contact tracing, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Contact tracing\" is not restricted to infectious disease contexts and could apply to any communicable or exposure situation.</td></tr><tr><td>303668008 (CT of intrathoracic respiratory structures)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBF.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of lung, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no single code spanning all intrathoracic respiratory structures; the best available code targets only lung parenchyma and is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>306728006 (CT of nervous system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAA.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of brain, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no CT code covering the whole nervous system; CT of brain is the closest available code but the SNOMED concept encompasses spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.</td></tr><tr><td>446791005 (Debridement of ankle region)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MNJ.JG.AA (Debridement of ankle joint)</td><td>ICHI is specific to the ankle joint while the SNOMED region also includes surrounding skin and soft tissue.</td></tr><tr><td>237374004 (Debridement of breast)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LCA.JG.AA (Debridement of breast with incision)</td><td>ICHI splits breast debridement by approach; this code restricts to the with-incision form whereas SNOMED is approach-unspecified.</td></tr><tr><td>446032007 (Debridement of upper limb)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LAE.JG.AA (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)</td><td>ICHI restricts to skin/SC tissue, while SNOMED covers any upper limb tissue.</td></tr><tr><td>1287687008 (Destruction of fetus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMR.GA.AC (Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery)</td><td>The ICHI code encodes the same action and target but adds the qualifier \"to facilitate delivery,\" restricting the clinical context to intrapartum feticide; the SNOMED concept is broader, covering fetal destruction in any context including termination.</td></tr><tr><td>75255001 (Destruction of lesion of external ear)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>CAC.GA.AA (Destruction of auricle of ear)</td><td>ICHI's code specifically targets the auricle (pinna), which is only one part of the external ear; the external auditory canal and other external ear structures are not covered.</td></tr><tr><td>9895003 (Destruction of lesion of large intestine)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBP.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon)</td><td>KBP.GA.AA is scoped to the colon specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept covers the entire large intestine; the large intestine NEC block has no corresponding GA destruction code.</td></tr><tr><td>173381001 (Destruction of lesion of palate)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAT.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of hard palate)</td><td>ICHI separates the palate into soft and hard with distinct destruction codes; KAT.GA.AA most closely mirrors \"destruction of lesion\" wording, but is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>45189000 (Destruction of lesion of stomach)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)</td><td>ICHI's only destruction-of-lesion code for the stomach specifies the endoscopic approach, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which is approach-agnostic.</td></tr><tr><td>27711007 (Destructive procedure on heart)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>ICHI has no generic \"destructive procedure on heart\" code; the best available match is HFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system), narrower because it targets only the conducting system rather than any cardiac structure.</td></tr><tr><td>122441001 (Detection of parasite)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG8RM3 (Plasmodium spp.)</td><td>The SNOMED concept broadly covers detection of any parasite, while ICHI's most applicable laboratory code (XG8RM3) is specific to Plasmodium (the malaria parasite). XG8RM3 is therefore narrower — it represents only one type of parasite test within the broader SNOMED category.</td></tr><tr><td>122442008 (Detection of virus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a high-level generic category covering any method of viral detection, while XG4U02 is limited to nucleic acid amplification specifically; ICHI is more specific than the broad SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>1230134005 (Diet modified for uncooked food starch)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification)</td><td>\"Diet modified for uncooked food starch\" is a specific type of therapeutic dietary modification (prescribing a diet based on uncooked/raw starch, used in glycogen storage diseases), which falls squarely within food modification as a category. UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is broader and the SNOMED concept is narrower than the ICHI code — it specifies the exact modification type while ICHI covers any food modification.</td></tr><tr><td>72915000 (Dilation of colon)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBP.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of colon)</td><td>KBP.LG.AD restricts the procedure to the endoscopic approach, while the SNOMED concept \"Dilation of colon\" is approach-neutral and could include intraoperative open dilatation or pneumatic dilatation by other means; no generic (approach-unspecified) colonic dilatation code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>63971008 (Dilation of larynx)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JAN.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of larynx)</td><td>JAN.LG.AD is the best available ICHI match for laryngeal dilation, but it specifies the endoscopic approach, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which is not approach-specific. No open or approach-unspecified laryngeal dilatation code exists in ICHI for this target.</td></tr><tr><td>235337004 (Dilation of stricture - large intestine)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBZ.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is approach-neutral (any method of dilation), whereas the ICHI code specifies endoscopic approach (AD means axis), making ICHI narrower in approach; the \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier and the absence of a non-endoscopic counterpart confirm the narrowing.</td></tr><tr><td>40916003 (Dilation of trachea)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of trachea)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies tracheal dilation without constraining the approach, but the only assignable ICHI dilation-of-trachea code (JBA.LG.AD) encodes endoscopic means (AD), making ICHI more specific in technique than the SNOMED concept intends.</td></tr><tr><td>14329006 (Dilation of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder)</td><td>ICHI NAI.LG.AD is the only dilatation code within the urinary bladder block, but it specifies the endoscopic means (AD), making it slightly more specific than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach; it is the best available match.</td></tr><tr><td>51884005 (Division of trabeculae carneae cordis)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HBB.FB.AA (Division of right ventricular trabecular muscle)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to division of trabeculae carneae of the heart in general (either ventricle), whereas the only ICHI code for this procedure specifies the right ventricle only, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>241009009 (Drainage of the nail bed)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LBD.JB.AA (Drainage of nail bed of finger)</td><td>ICHI splits nail bed drainage into finger (LBD.JB.AA) and toe (LBF.JB.AA) but has no digit-agnostic code; the chosen code is narrower than the unspecified-digit SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>128392000 (Ear excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>CZZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of ear, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>\"Ear excision\" in SNOMED is a general concept covering any excision of the ear, while CZZ.JJ.AA specifies partial excision; this is the best general ICHI match for unspecified ear excision and the ICHI code is more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>49187005 (Endarterectomy of aorta)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIH.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to endarterectomy of the aorta without specifying a segment, encompassing thoracic and abdominal portions, while HIH.JE.AA is restricted to the abdominal aorta only; a separate thoracic code (HIG.JE.AA) exists, confirming the ICHI code is more specific and therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>44620006 (Endarterectomy of intracranial artery)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IAA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of intracranial artery, open approach)</td><td>IAA.JE.AA matches the target artery exactly but specifies an open approach in the means axis (AA = open), whereas the SNOMED concept is not approach-restricted. The ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>302207003 (Endoscopic dilation of bile duct)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCM.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into bile duct)</td><td>ICHI is more specific than the SNOMED concept because it requires insertion of a device (e.g., stent or balloon), whereas the SNOMED term covers endoscopic dilation regardless of whether a device is placed. No plain endoscopic dilatation code without device insertion exists in the KCM block.</td></tr><tr><td>447327009 (Endoscopic dilation of pharynx)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAR.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oral pharynx)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to the pharynx generically, but ICHI's endoscopic dilatation code is specific to the oral pharynx (oropharynx) rather than the pharynx as a whole; no equivalent code exists for hypopharynx or nasopharynx dilatation, making this a narrower match.</td></tr><tr><td>450516001 (Endoscopic extraction of calculus of kidney)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAA.JE.AD (Retrograde pyeloscopy with extraction of renal calculus)</td><td>NAA.JE.AD is more specific than the SNOMED concept, as it specifies retrograde pyeloscopy (ureteroscopic approach) whereas the SNOMED term encompasses any endoscopic route for renal calculus extraction; however, it is the most precise endoscopic calculus extraction code available in ICHI for the kidney.</td></tr><tr><td>179867000 (Endoscopic repair of intra-articular ligament)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MML.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"endoscopic/arthroscopic repair of intra-articular ligament\" code independent of joint; the most common clinical context is the knee (ACL/PCL). The ICHI code is narrower because SNOMED does not specify the joint.</td></tr><tr><td>176007002 (Endoscopy of intestinal conduit)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAN.AE.AB (Endoscopy of ileal conduit)</td><td>SNOMED \"intestinal conduit\" is a broader concept encompassing any bowel-derived urinary diversion conduit (ileal or colonic), whereas ICHI NAN.AE.AB specifies the ileal conduit only; the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>46662001 (Examination of breast)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LCA.AE.AH (Manual examination of breast)</td><td>LCA.AE.AH is the closest specific ICHI code and represents clinical physical examination of the breast, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it specifies the \"manual\" means, whereas the SNOMED term is agnostic about the examination method and could include imaging or other modalities.</td></tr><tr><td>284393006 (Examination of joint)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MLJ.AE.AH (Examination of hip joint)</td><td>ICHI has a physical examination code for the hip joint (MLJ.AE.AH) but no generic \"examination of joint\" code covering all joint types; the SNOMED concept is non-specific to any joint, making the ICHI code narrower. MLJ.AE.AH is the closest structural match but still represents only one joint.</td></tr><tr><td>274794006 (Examination of nose)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JAA.AE.AD (Rhinoscopy)</td><td>Rhinoscopy is a specific endoscopic/instrumental examination of the nasal cavity, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Examination of nose\" encompasses any form of examination including basic clinical inspection. The ICHI code therefore represents a more specific procedure than the broader SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>392147002 (Excision of lesion of jaw bone)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of mandible)</td><td>SNOMED's \"jaw bone\" encompasses both mandible and maxilla, whereas MAG.JI.AA is specific to the mandible only.</td></tr><tr><td>287430001 (Excision of lung or bronchus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBF.JK.AA (Total excision of lung)</td><td>ICHI separates lung excision (JBF) from bronchial excision (JBB); JBF.JK.AA covers only total lung excision, narrower than the broader SNOMED grouper covering both lung and bronchus excision.</td></tr><tr><td>178306006 (Excision or biopsy of mediastinal lymph node)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DFE.AD.AA (Biopsy of mediastinal lymph node)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a disjunction covering both excision and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph node, whereas the ICHI code covers only biopsy; the ICHI target is therefore more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED source. No single ICHI code combines excision and biopsy at this site.</td></tr><tr><td>178303003 (Excision or biopsy of scalene lymph node)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DFB.AD.AA (Biopsy of cervical lymph node)</td><td>The scalene lymph node is an anatomically specific deep cervical lymph node; ICHI classifies all cervical lymph node biopsies under DFB.AD.AA without distinguishing the scalene group. The ICHI target is narrower because it does not cover the excision arm of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>5608002 (Excretion measurement)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NTC.AB.ZZ (Measurement of urinary excretory functions)</td><td>\"Excretion measurement\" in SNOMED is a broad concept potentially covering urinary, faecal, and other excretory outputs, while NTC.AB.ZZ is restricted to urinary excretory functions only, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>363111003 (Exploration of biliary system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCM.AE.AA (Exploration of common bile duct)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers the entire biliary system (bile ducts, gallbladder, hepatic ducts), whereas KCM.AE.AA is specifically scoped to the common bile duct. The ICHI code is narrower as it does not capture exploration of the gallbladder or hepatic ducts.</td></tr><tr><td>84555004 (Exploration of blood vessel)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IZE.AE.AF (Angioscopy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>\"Exploration of blood vessel\" in SNOMED is a general procedure concept encompassing any exploratory approach (open incision, endoscopic, percutaneous), while IZE.AE.AF specifies angioscopy (endoscopic visual inspection) as the means, making the ICHI code more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>178771000 (Exploration of spine)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal)</td><td>ABG.AE.AA exploration of spinal canal is the closest \"exploration\" code, but a more restricted anatomical target than the broader SNOMED concept \"spine\".</td></tr><tr><td>120086003 (Eye excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BZA.JK.AA (Enucleation of eyeball)</td><td>BZA.JK.AA specifically refers to enucleation (complete removal of the eyeball by open approach), which is one type of eye excision; the SNOMED concept \"Eye excision\" is a broader category that could include evisceration, exenteration, or partial excision.</td></tr><tr><td>389083005 (Fecal impaction care)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBW.JB.AC (Removal of impacted faeces)</td><td>KBW.JB.AC specifically describes the removal/disimpaction procedural act within the rectum, which is the core clinical intervention for fecal impaction care; however, \"fecal impaction care\" as a SNOMED concept is broader, potentially encompassing preparatory enemas, nursing management, dietary advice, and follow-up, whereas the ICHI code captures only the mechanical removal step.</td></tr><tr><td>119696004 (Foot destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MOJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of joint of foot or toe)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any destructive procedure on the foot (bone, soft tissue, skin, joint), whereas MOJ.GA.AA is restricted to destruction within the joint of the foot or toe; no broader foot-level destruction category exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>178492001 (Genioplasty)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAG.LL.AA (Reduction genioplasty)</td><td>The unqualified SNOMED concept covers any genioplasty (reduction, augmentation, advancement); MAG.LL.AA is specifically reduction genioplasty, making the ICHI code more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>1344719000 (Grafting of tissue to foot)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MOB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of foot or toe)</td><td>MOB.ML.AA is restricted to bone grafting to the bony structures of the foot/toe, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses grafting of any tissue type (soft tissue, skin, bone) to the foot.</td></tr><tr><td>1344724002 (Grafting of tissue to forearm)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MFB.ML.AA (Bone graft to forearm)</td><td>MFB.ML.AA covers bone grafting to the forearm, but the SNOMED concept is broader — \"grafting of tissue\" encompasses all tissue types (skin, muscle, bone), so the ICHI code captures only the osseous subset.</td></tr><tr><td>287919006 (Hand plastic operation with graft)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MGM.ML.AA (Plastic operation on hand with graft of muscle)</td><td>The ICHI code matches the SNOMED concept precisely in anatomical site (hand) and procedure type (plastic operation with graft), but narrows the graft tissue to muscle specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept is unspecified about graft type.</td></tr><tr><td>418926001 (Harvesting of stem cells)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DGA.JH.AE (Aspiration of bone marrow from donor for transplant)</td><td>DGA.JH.AE is the closest ICHI code encoding procurement of haematopoietic stem cells (bone marrow aspiration from donor), but it is more specific than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all types of stem cell harvesting (including peripheral blood stem cell apheresis and cord blood collection).</td></tr><tr><td>252275004 (Hematology test)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG2XJ6 (Complete blood count automated)</td><td>\"Hematology test\" is a broad SNOMED category covering CBC, differential, blood film, coagulation and other blood investigations; XG2XJ6 refers specifically to automated CBC, the most representative hematology test but narrower than the full SNOMED scope.</td></tr><tr><td>119618002 (Hip joint destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MLJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of hip joint)</td><td>MLJ.GA.AA specifically denotes destruction of a lesion or tissue of the hip joint, which is more specific than the SNOMED concept \"hip joint destructive procedure\" — a broader category-level term encompassing any destructive intervention at the hip joint. The ICHI code is thus narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>108266002 (Identification procedure for living organism)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)</td><td>SNOMED's concept covers identification of any living organism across any method; XG6201 is restricted to bacteria and fungi only, making it narrower; nonetheless the closest ICHI code available.</td></tr><tr><td>720364002 (Imaging of central nervous system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BlockL6-AAA (Imaging interventions of the brain)</td><td>BlockL6-AAA covers only brain imaging, not the full CNS which also includes the spinal cord, so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>442280004 (Imaging of gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>KZZ.BA.BE is the only ICHI code naming the GI tract as a whole imaging target but is restricted to nuclear imaging, so the modality-agnostic SNOMED concept is broader.</td></tr><tr><td>715959009 (Imaging of pelvis)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MKB.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has multiple modality-specific pelvis imaging codes but no single modality-agnostic code; MKB.BA.BH is the best single-code approximation but is narrower than the modality-unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>715623000 (Imaging of peripheral nerve)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ACA.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance neurography, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ACA.BA.BH is specific to MR neurography (MRI modality), whereas the SNOMED concept covers imaging of peripheral nerve by any modality; the ICHI code is narrower because it locks in the MRI means.</td></tr><tr><td>414457001 (Imaging of soft tissue)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRS.BA.BH (Magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers imaging of soft tissue by any modality; MRS.BA.BH specifies the MRI modality, making it narrower in modality scope.</td></tr><tr><td>414466002 (Immunophenotyping)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG2GV7 (Lymphocyte subtype enumeration: CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD15/26 cells)</td><td>Immunophenotyping is a broad technique characterising cell surface markers on any haematological cell population; XG2GV7 captures only one specific lymphocyte CD subtype panel, making it narrower than the general SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>738768007 (Implantation of auditory device)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>CCB.DN.AA (Implantation of cochlear prosthetic device)</td><td>CCB.DN.AA specifically refers to cochlear implantation, whereas the SNOMED concept \"implantation of auditory device\" is broader and could include middle ear implants, BAHA, or auditory brainstem implants.</td></tr><tr><td>392139002 (Incision of aorta)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIG.FA.AA (Incision of descending thoracic aorta)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"incision of aorta\" code covering all aortic segments; HIG.FA.AA is the only explicit aortic incision code and is more specific (limited to the descending thoracic aorta), making it narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept. IZA.FA.AA (incision of artery, NEC) was considered but HIG.FA.AA is anatomically closer.</td></tr><tr><td>448444006 (Incision of intracranial vascular structure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IAA.FA.AA (Incision of intracranial artery)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any intracranial vascular structure (both artery and vein), whereas IAA.FA.AA is specific only to the intracranial artery. There is no ICHI code for incision of an intracranial vein, making IAA.FA.AA the closest available match but narrower than the SNOMED concept's full scope.</td></tr><tr><td>11972005 (Incision of nerve)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>ACA.FA.AA (Incision of peripheral nerve)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to nerve incision generically (could encompass cranial, spinal, or peripheral nerves), whereas ACA.FA.AA is restricted to the peripheral nervous system; separate ICHI codes exist for cranial (AAN.FA.AA) and spinal nerves, so the peripheral nerve code is more specific than the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>448013009 (Incision of pancreatic sphincter)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCO.FA.AD (Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy)</td><td>Sphincterotomy (incision of a sphincter) matches the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code specifies the endoscopic approach (AD), making it more specific than the approach-unspecified SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>65497008 (Incision of perineum)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PAW.FA.AA (Episiotomy)</td><td>PAW.FA.AA is the only incision code available under the perineum block in ICHI, and episiotomy specifically denotes an obstetric incision of the perineum during delivery, which is more specific than the broader SNOMED concept of any incision of the perineum.</td></tr><tr><td>430457001 (Incisional biopsy of heart)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFD.AD.AA (Biopsy of myocardium)</td><td>ICHI has no generic \"biopsy of heart\" code; its most clinically representative cardiac biopsy code targets the myocardium specifically, which is narrower than the SNOMED concept that refers to the heart as a whole. HFD.AD.AA is nonetheless the best available match, as cardiac biopsy in practice almost always means myocardial biopsy.</td></tr><tr><td>116216006 (Incisional biopsy of lesion of heart)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFD.AD.AA (Biopsy of myocardium)</td><td>As with 430457001, ICHI lacks a generic \"heart\" biopsy code; HFD.AD.AA (biopsy of myocardium) is the closest structural match and in clinical practice is the standard interpretation of a cardiac biopsy, though it is narrower than the SNOMED concept which refers to a lesion of the heart without specifying the myocardium.</td></tr><tr><td>117591009 (Infectious agent genotype identification)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)</td><td>XG6201 covers genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi only, whereas \"infectious agent genotype identification\" encompasses genotypic characterisation of viruses, parasites, and other pathogens; the ICHI code is more specific in organism scope and somewhat different in technique (phenotypic vs genotypic).</td></tr><tr><td>120211007 (Inguinal region manipulation)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PAM.MK.AH (Manual reduction of inguinal hernia)</td><td>The only ICHI code in the inguinal block that involves manipulation is PAM.MK.AH, manual reduction of an inguinal hernia. This is narrower than the SNOMED concept because SNOMED's \"inguinal region manipulation\" is a generic parent concept encompassing any manual intervention on that region, whereas the ICHI code specifies a single clinical scenario (hernia reduction).</td></tr><tr><td>120205009 (Inguinal region repair)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PAM.MK.AA (Repair of inguinal hernia)</td><td>PAM.MK.AA and its variants (laparoscopic, with prosthesis) are the only repair codes within the inguinal block, all specific to hernia repair. The SNOMED concept is a broader parent for any repair of the inguinal region, so the ICHI code is narrower — it captures the predominant clinical procedure but does not cover all possible inguinal repairs.</td></tr><tr><td>119734008 (Injection into trachea)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBA.DB.AD (Endoscopic injection into trachea)</td><td>JBA.DB.AD is the only injection code available in the ICHI trachea block and correctly targets the trachea as the anatomical site; however it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it specifies the endoscopic approach, while \"Injection into trachea\" does not imply any particular approach.</td></tr><tr><td>17679005 (Injection of cardiovascular system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HZZ.DB.AE (Injection into heart)</td><td>HZZ.DB.AE is the closest available ICHI code, but it is scoped specifically to the heart, whereas the SNOMED concept covers the entire cardiovascular system (heart and vessels); no cardiovascular-system-wide injection code exists in ICHI, making this ICHI code narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>408758007 (Injection of eye region)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BCA.DB.AE (Injection into posterior segment structures of eye)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad, unspecified injection anywhere in the eye region, while ICHI offers only site-specific eye injection codes (eyelid, subconjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, posterior segment, vitreous body); BCA.DB.AE (posterior segment) is the most commonly performed and clinically significant intraocular injection site (e.g., intravitreal anti-VEGF), making it the best single representative, but it is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED parent.</td></tr><tr><td>66205002 (Injection of gas)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KMA.LK.AE (Injection of air into peritoneal cavity)</td><td>ICHI has no generic \"injection of gas\" code; the closest assignable category is KMA.LK.AE (injection of air into peritoneal cavity), which is more specific in both substance (air) and anatomical site (peritoneal cavity) compared to the broad SNOMED concept covering any gas injected anywhere.</td></tr><tr><td>13357006 (Injection of urethra)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAM.DB.AD (Endoscopic injection of implant into urethra)</td><td>NAM.DB.AD specifies both endoscopic approach and that the injected substance is an implant (bulking agent), whereas the SNOMED concept is a general injection of the urethra without constraining the approach or the injected material, making ICHI narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>119990008 (Injection of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.DB.AD (Endoscopic injection into bladder)</td><td>The ICHI code constrains the approach to endoscopic (cystoscopic), while the SNOMED concept encompasses any injection into the urinary bladder regardless of route; ICHI is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>426092002 (Insertion of diagnostic substance into skin)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes injection of a diagnostic substance into the skin, corresponding to intradermal skin testing (e.g., tuberculin, allergy testing); LZZ.AC.AE is slightly more specific in labelling the act as a \"test\" with intradermal route.</td></tr><tr><td>44267002 (Insertion of drainage tube into kidney pelvis)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of renal pelvis)</td><td>NAB.JB.AE is an excellent anatomical match but specifies percutaneous approach (AE), whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach; the percutaneous-specific ICHI code is therefore narrower than the general SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>235205003 (Insertion of prosthesis into esophagus)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBA.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of oesophageal prosthesis)</td><td>KBA.LH.AD explicitly names oesophageal prosthesis insertion but is narrower because it restricts the approach to endoscopic dilatation followed by prosthesis placement, whereas the SNOMED concept covers prosthesis insertion by any approach.</td></tr><tr><td>428057004 (Insertion of stent into aorta)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIH.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI has no single non-specific \"aorta\" stent code — it distinguishes ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal, and arch; the abdominal aorta is the most common clinical site, but this ICHI code is more anatomically specific than the generic SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>233406003 (Insertion of thoracic aorta stent)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIG.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into descending thoracic aorta)</td><td>HIG.LH.AF is specific to the descending thoracic aorta via percutaneous transluminal approach, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to the thoracic aorta in general (including ascending aorta and arch); the ICHI code is more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>119827003 (Integumentary system reconstruction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI does not have a single \"reconstruction of integumentary system\" category code; LZZ.ML.AA (skin graft NEC) under the integumentary system NEC block is the most reconstruction-oriented code available at this level of generality, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it specifies skin grafting as the means of reconstruction rather than encompassing all reconstructive modalities (flaps, tissue rearrangement, etc.).</td></tr><tr><td>233123004 (Intraventricular operation for transposition or double outlet ventricle)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HBD.LI.AA (Double outlet right ventricle repair with intraventricular tunnel)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers the whole class of intraventricular operations used for both transposition of the great arteries and double outlet ventricle, while the ICHI code is restricted to one specific variant — double outlet right ventricle repair using an intraventricular tunnel — making ICHI narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>235420007 (Intubation of gastrointestinal tract via nose)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBI.DL.AC (Insertion of nasoduodenal tube)</td><td>ICHI KBI.DL.AC specifically names the nasal route matching the via-nose qualifier, but it is more specific — targeting the duodenum only — whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any GI segment reached nasally (nasogastric, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal).</td></tr><tr><td>386225006 (Irrigation of bowel)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBP.JA.AC (Local irrigation of colon)</td><td>\"Irrigation of bowel\" is a general term covering small and large intestine, whereas KBP.JA.AC is specific to the colon. The colon is the most common clinical target, but the ICHI code is anatomically narrower than the broader SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>14412009 (Laparoscopy with fulguration of lesion)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMC.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of lesion of fallopian tube)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a generic \"fulguration of lesion\" without specifying the anatomical site, making it broader than NMC.GA.AB which is restricted to the fallopian tube; no generic body-site-unspecified laparoscopic lesion-destruction code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>239430005 (Ligament reconstruction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)</td><td>ICHI's ligament reconstruction codes are organised by anatomical site rather than as a generic procedure; MML.ML.AA is the most prominent and well-developed example, but the SNOMED concept is body-site-unspecified, making ICHI narrower. No generic \"ligament reconstruction\" code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>183295006 (Locomotor training)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SJA.PH.ZZ (Training in walking)</td><td>SJA.PH.ZZ \"Training in walking\" is more specific than \"locomotor training,\" which encompasses all forms of movement (walking, transfers, stair-climbing, etc.); walking training is the central component but does not cover the full breadth of locomotor rehabilitation.</td></tr><tr><td>363189005 (Lower limb incision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IFA.FA.AA (Incision of artery of lower limb)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any incision of lower limb structures (skin, vessels, bone); IFA.FA.AA is limited to arterial incision only, so ICHI is narrower than the SNOMED grouper.</td></tr><tr><td>119951009 (Lymphatic system reconstruction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DFO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lymphatic vessel)</td><td>ICHI specifies the target as \"lymphatic vessel\" only, whereas the SNOMED concept covers reconstruction of the lymphatic system broadly (including nodes and other structures).</td></tr><tr><td>110472009 (Maintenance of vascular shunt)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)</td><td>IZA.SN.AF is specific to arteriovenous shunts, whereas the SNOMED concept \"vascular shunt\" is broader and could encompass other types of vascular shunts (e.g. systemic-to-pulmonary, portosystemic); IZA.SN.AF is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept, though it is the closest available ICHI match.</td></tr><tr><td>385963002 (Management of urinary bladder care)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.SN.AC (Management of internal device for urinary bladder)</td><td>NAI.SN.AC is the only ICHI code that uses the \"management\" action axis applied directly to the urinary bladder, but it is specifically scoped to management of an internal device (e.g., catheter or implant), which is more specific than the broader SNOMED concept of managing general urinary bladder care across all modalities.</td></tr><tr><td>69852004 (Manipulation of salivary duct)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAM.LG.AA (Dilatation of salivary duct)</td><td>Dilatation of the salivary duct is the principal manipulative procedure performed on the salivary duct in clinical practice and is the only ICHI assignable code specifically targeting the salivary duct as the object of intervention. The SNOMED concept is broader (unspecified manipulation), making the ICHI code more specific/narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>16463007 (Manual reduction of prolapsed enterostomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBK.LD.AH (Manual reduction of ileostomy prolapse)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"prolapsed enterostomy\" is a generic term covering any intestinal stoma, while KBK.LD.AH specifically refers to ileostomy; an ileostomy is one type of enterostomy, so the ICHI code is narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>31208007 (Medical induction of labor)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.SH.AF (Intravenous medical induction of labour)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers medical induction of labor by any pharmacological route, while NME.SH.AF specifies the intravenous route specifically; the parent SH node is non-assignable, so this is the best assignable approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>770348008 (Mobilization of shoulder girdle)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MDJ.PB.AH (Mobilisation of shoulder joint)</td><td>SNOMED covers the entire shoulder girdle (glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic); ICHI MDJ.PB.AH addresses only the glenohumeral joint.</td></tr><tr><td>119858002 (Mouth excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAZ.JJ.AC (Partial excision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>\"Mouth excision\" is a SNOMED grouper encompassing all excisions across all mouth sub-structures, whereas KAZ.JJ.AC covers only partial excision of the oral cavity NEC residual category; the ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>119865005 (Mouth repair)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAZ.MK.AC (Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>\"Mouth repair\" is a SNOMED grouper covering repair of any mouth structure, while KAZ.MK.AC is an NEC residual code for repair of the oral cavity; the ICHI code is narrower than the full SNOMED grouper but is the single most appropriate ICHI code for an unspecified mouth repair procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>107739004 (Musculoskeletal system endoscopy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRJ.AE.AB (Arthroscopy of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI encodes endoscopy of the musculoskeletal system as arthroscopy (joint endoscopy) only, with no code covering endoscopy of bone, muscle, or soft tissue; the most general available code is arthroscopy of an unspecified joint site, which is narrower than the SNOMED concept that spans the whole musculoskeletal system.</td></tr><tr><td>119571007 (Musculoskeletal system injection)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MRJ.DB.AE (Injection into joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has specific injection codes for joints, bones, muscles, and soft tissue of unspecified sites (MRJ, MRB, MRM, MRS, MRT targets), but no single code covering injection into the musculoskeletal system as a whole; the joint injection NEC code is the best representative but is narrower than the broad SNOMED grouper.</td></tr><tr><td>225218002 (Non-verbal communication interventions)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>SGG.PH.ZZ (Training in using communication devices and techniques)</td><td>SGG.PH.ZZ sits within the ICHI block for conversation and use of communication devices and techniques, making it the best candidate for AAC/non-verbal communication work, but it specifies only the training action whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses the full range of non-verbal communication interventions including assessment, counselling, and practical support.</td></tr><tr><td>119711004 (Nose closure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JAA.MK.AA (Closure of nasal fistula)</td><td>JAA.MK.AA is the only closure-of-nose code in the ICHI nose block, but it is specifically restricted to fistula closure. The SNOMED concept \"Nose closure\" is broader, encompassing any form of nasal closure (wound, orifice, fistula), so the ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>119716009 (Nose destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JAA.GA.AC (Destruction of intranasal lesion)</td><td>JAA.GA.AC is the only destruction code in the ICHI nose block, but it specifies destruction of an intranasal lesion rather than any destructive procedure of the nose. The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for all nasal destructive procedures, making the ICHI code more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>65240009 (Obstetrical version)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"obstetrical version\" is unqualified and encompasses both external and internal version, whereas ICHI's NMR.LD.AH specifies only the external approach, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>77371000 (Operation on cardiac septum)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BlockL5-HAD (Interventions on atrial septum)</td><td>ICHI separates cardiac septum procedures into three distinct blocks (atrial, ventricular, atrioventricular) with no single unified \"cardiac septum\" block; BlockL5-HAD is the most clinically prominent representative but covers only the atrial septum.</td></tr><tr><td>425777002 (Operation on cricopharyngeus muscle)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAM.FB.AA (Cricopharyngeal myotomy)</td><td>ICHI provides a single specific procedure on the cricopharyngeus muscle — cricopharyngeal myotomy — whereas the SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering any operation on that muscle (myotomy, excision, repair, etc.). ICHI is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>233233001 (Operation on systemic to pulmonary artery shunt)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HID.LI.AA (Systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt)</td><td>HID.LI.AA specifically encodes creation of a systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on an existing shunt (creation, revision, ligation, dilatation); it is the closest available ICHI code but captures only one type of intervention on this structure.</td></tr><tr><td>73018006 (Operation on vocal cord)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JAN.JK.AD (Vocal cordectomy)</td><td>JAN.JK.AD is the only ICHI code that explicitly names the vocal cord, but it refers specifically to cordectomy (complete excision), making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which encompasses any operation on the vocal cord (injection, repair, dilatation, etc.).</td></tr><tr><td>233111005 (Operations for Fallot-type conditions)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HZB.ML.AA (Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot)</td><td>HZB.ML.AA specifically names Tetralogy of Fallot repair, which is the most common Fallot-type condition, but the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing all Fallot-type malformations (including Pentalogy of Fallot, Fallot with pulmonary atresia, and other variants), making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED grouping.</td></tr><tr><td>288161003 (Orthopedic device application)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>PZX.LC.AH specifically describes application of a cast or splint, which is a common but not exhaustive type of orthopedic device application; the SNOMED concept is broader and encompasses braces, traction devices, external fixators, and other appliances.</td></tr><tr><td>440198000 (Osteotomy of jaw)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAG.FA.AA (Osteotomy of mandibular bone)</td><td>\"Jaw\" is an unspecified term that can refer to either the mandible or the maxilla, whereas MAG.FA.AA is specific to the mandibular bone only; a separate maxillary code (MAF.FA.AA) also exists, so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>176371007 (Otis urethrotomy in male)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAM.FA.AD (Closed urethrotomy)</td><td>The Otis urethrotomy is performed blindly without endoscopic visualisation, corresponding to a closed (blind) internal urethrotomy — matching NAM.FA.AD precisely; however, SNOMED specifies the male sex qualifier absent from the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>1264534001 (Paracentesis of gallbladder)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KCF.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of gallbladder)</td><td>This is a very close match — both describe fluid withdrawal from the gallbladder — but the ICHI code specifies a percutaneous approach (means axis AE), making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach.</td></tr><tr><td>1264533007 (Paracentesis of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of bladder)</td><td>Both concepts describe needle-based fluid withdrawal from the urinary bladder (suprapubic cystocentesis), making this a strong clinical match; the ICHI code is narrower because it explicitly specifies the percutaneous approach (means AE), whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic.</td></tr><tr><td>387643005 (Partial hysterectomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NME.JJ.AC (Partial vaginal hysterectomy)</td><td>\"Partial hysterectomy\" (supracervical/subtotal) in ICHI sits under the \"Partial excision interventions on uterus\" block, but the available leaf codes each specify a surgical approach (laparoscopic, vaginal, laparoscopically assisted); NME.JJ.AC is representative but more specific than the unqualified SNOMED term, which spans all approaches.</td></tr><tr><td>1222623009 (Penetrating keratoplasty with implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (full-thickness corneal transplant plus posterior chamber IOL insertion); the ICHI code covers only the primary keratoplasty component.</td></tr><tr><td>105373008 (Percutaneous insertion of intravascular filter)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIB.DL.AA (Insertion of filter in superior vena cava)</td><td>Only ICHI code explicitly named \"insertion of filter\" in a vascular vessel, but specifies the SVC rather than the generic intravascular context.</td></tr><tr><td>265328005 (Periapical surgery of tooth)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAE.JJ.AC (Apicoectomy)</td><td>Apicoectomy (surgical resection of the root apex) is the canonical procedure within periapical surgery and the closest available ICHI match. The SNOMED concept \"periapical surgery\" is broader and could encompass additional periapical procedures (e.g., curettage of periapical tissue, retrograde filling), making the ICHI code narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>34646007 (Pericardiectomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFF.JJ.AA (Partial pericardiectomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"pericardiectomy\" is unqualified (neither partial nor total specified), while ICHI has two distinct codes — partial (HFF.JJ.AA) and total (HFF.JK.AA). Partial pericardiectomy is the most commonly performed procedure under this term, making HFF.JJ.AA the best default match, but ICHI is narrower than the unqualified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>120198005 (Perineum excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PAW.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of perineum)</td><td>\"Perineum excision\" as a SNOMED concept refers broadly to any excision of perineal tissue, while the closest ICHI code specifies local excision of a lesion only. No broader \"excision of perineum\" code exists in ICHI's PAW block; PAW.JI.AA is the best available match but is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>241439007 (PET heart study)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFD.BA.BG (Positron emission computerised tomography of myocardium)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to PET imaging of the heart as a whole organ, while ICHI's HFD.BA.BG is scoped specifically to the myocardium, making the ICHI code more specific (narrower) than the broader cardiac PET study implied by the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>81065003 (pH measurement)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBA.AI.AC (Oesophageal pH monitoring)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a generic, site-unspecified pH measurement procedure, whereas the only pH-specific ICHI code is restricted to oesophageal monitoring; ICHI is therefore narrower in anatomical scope even though it is the best available match.</td></tr><tr><td>51265002 (Pharyngectomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAR.JJ.AA (Partial oropharyngectomy)</td><td>KAR.JJ.AA specifies a partial oropharyngectomy, whereas \"pharyngectomy\" in SNOMED is a broader term covering total or partial removal of any part of the pharynx (naso-, oro-, or hypopharynx). No total pharyngectomy code exists in ICHI; this partial oropharyngectomy is the best available fit but does not cover the full scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>1292972006 (Plain X-ray of lower respiratory tract)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBF.BA.BA (X-ray of lung, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, but ICHI's closest plain X-ray code targets lung parenchyma only (JBF.BA.BA), making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept. No generic \"lower respiratory tract X-ray\" code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>1295463003 (Plain X-ray of pharynx)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAR.BA.BA (X-ray of oral pharynx)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers the entire pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx), but ICHI encodes pharyngeal X-ray only at the sub-part level — JAM.BA.BA (nasopharynx) and KAR.BA.BA (oral pharynx). KAR.BA.BA is selected as the best single approximation but is narrower than the full pharynx scope.</td></tr><tr><td>116672005 (Pleura destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JCA.GA.AA (Pleurodesis)</td><td>Pleurodesis is the primary destructive pleural procedure encoded in ICHI (GA = destruction action axis), but the SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any destructive procedure on the pleura; ICHI's code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED category concept.</td></tr><tr><td>175798002 (Plication of vena cava)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIC.LL.AA (Plication of inferior vena cava)</td><td>ICHI does not have a single \"plication of vena cava\" code covering both superior and inferior vena cava; it encodes them as two separate codes (HIB.LL.AA for superior, HIC.LL.AA for inferior). HIC.LL.AA is selected as the most common clinical procedure context, but the ICHI code is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>275828002 (Preventing infection of immunocompromised patient)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZB.VE.ZZ (Isolation of a person for infection control)</td><td>PZB.VE.ZZ captures isolation as a specific person-level infection control intervention, which is one key strategy for protecting immunocompromised individuals, but the SNOMED concept is broader and encompasses all infection-prevention measures (prophylactic antimicrobials, protective environment, etc.).</td></tr><tr><td>179870001 (Primary arthroscopic ligament repair)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MML.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee)</td><td>MML.MK.AB is arthroscopic ligament repair specific to the knee, whereas the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and could apply to any joint. The ICHI code is more specific (knee only); however, knee is by far the most common clinical context for this procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>233154000 (Procedure for arrhythmia)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.SC.AH (Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Procedure for arrhythmia\" is a broad category encompassing any intervention for arrhythmia (ablation, pacemaker implantation, cardioversion, etc.), whereas HFC.SC.AH specifically refers only to cardioversion/conversion of arrhythmia. HFC.SC.AH is the only explicitly arrhythmia-named assignable code, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>232629006 (Procedure for lung lesion)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lung)</td><td>\"Procedure for lung lesion\" in SNOMED is a broad grouping concept covering any intervention on a lung lesion (biopsy, excision, destruction, imaging, etc.), while JBF.JI.AA refers specifically to open local excision of a lung lesion. As an assignable code JBF.JI.AA is the best single category match, though narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>771331008 (Procedure on perivesical tissue)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.AE.AA (Exploration of perivesical tissue)</td><td>ICHI contains only a small number of specific perivesical tissue codes (exploration, and release of adhesions variants) but no dedicated block for perivesical tissue as a grouping; NAI.AE.AA is the closest named match using the exact anatomical term, though it is narrower than the SNOMED grouping which covers all procedure types on perivesical tissue.</td></tr><tr><td>266686005 (Procedures relating to splintage and immobilization)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering splintage and immobilization procedures collectively; ICHI offers many site-specific immobilization codes plus this NEC residual for cast/splint application, but no single code encompasses the full breadth of the SNOMED category. PZX.LC.AH is the best single representative but is more specific (cast/splint only, unspecified site) than the SNOMED grouping concept.</td></tr><tr><td>252447004 (Pulsed wave ultrasonic Doppler)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>IAA.BA.BJ (Transcranial doppler ultrasound of intracranial arteries)</td><td>ICHI's only explicitly Doppler-labelled code is restricted to transcranial Doppler of intracranial arteries; the SNOMED concept describes pulsed wave Doppler as a general ultrasound modality applicable across any vessel or organ, making the ICHI code far more specific in target site.</td></tr><tr><td>41440006 (Radioisotope brain imaging)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any radioisotope-based brain imaging (SPECT, PET, planar scintigraphy); AAA.BA.BF refers specifically to SPECT, the dominant modality, but is more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>252429005 (Radionuclide study of heart)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HTC.BA.BE (Myocardial perfusion scan)</td><td>The SNOMED concept encompasses all radionuclide studies of the heart (including MUGA/cardiac output scans, ventriculography, perfusion imaging, and others), while HTC.BA.BE specifically represents myocardial perfusion scintigraphy — the most common such study; a cardiac output scan (HTB.BA.BE) also exists but neither code alone captures the full breadth of the SNOMED parent concept.</td></tr><tr><td>429579007 (Radiotherapy to axilla)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DFC.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of axillary lymph node by radiotherapy)</td><td>DFC.GA.BA precisely captures radiotherapy in the axilla but restricts the target to axillary lymph nodes, whereas the SNOMED concept covers radiotherapy to the axillary region regardless of the specific tissue irradiated; this makes the ICHI code more specific (narrower).</td></tr><tr><td>386406005 (Rectal prolapse care)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBW.LC.AH (Manual reduction of rectal prolapse)</td><td>\"Rectal prolapse care\" is a broad concept encompassing all management activities, whereas KBW.LC.AH covers only manual reduction; the ICHI code is narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>20013001 (Reduction of fracture of facial bone)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAB.LD.AA (Open reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Target (facial bone) and intervention (reduction) align, but ICHI specifies the open approach while SNOMED leaves approach unspecified, making the ICHI code narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>38071001 (Reduction of fracture of skull)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MAA.LD.AA (Open reduction of skull fracture)</td><td>The ICHI code matches precisely on target and intervention but specifies the open surgical approach whereas SNOMED is approach-neutral; the closed counterpart MAA.LD.AH also exists.</td></tr><tr><td>14441000 (Reduction of fracture of spine)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The ICHI code covers the correct target (vertebral column) and intervention but specifies the open approach and is not limited to fractures, while SNOMED is approach-unspecified.</td></tr><tr><td>252765001 (Reflex studies)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MVB.AC.ZZ (Test of motor reflexes)</td><td>ICHI specifies motor reflexes only; SNOMED \"Reflex studies\" can include any reflex type (autonomic, deep tendon, etc.).</td></tr><tr><td>232707004 (Removal of foreign body from airway)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from trachea)</td><td>ICHI has no single code for the entire airway; JBA.JD.AA (trachea) is the most common clinical referent for \"airway\" foreign body removal, but the SNOMED concept is broader covering any airway structure.</td></tr><tr><td>30549001 (Removal of suture)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PAL.JD.AH (Removal of sutures from abdominal wall)</td><td>PAL.JD.AH is the only explicit \"removal of sutures\" code in ICHI but is restricted to the abdominal wall, making it narrower than the unspecified-site SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>274446006 (Renal lithotripsy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAA.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the kidney)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is broader and could include endoscopic or percutaneous intracorporeal lithotripsy, whereas NAA.GA.BJ specifies extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL); the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>80779005 (Repair of brain)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>AAA.MK.AA (Repair of encephalocele of brain)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"repair of brain\" code; the only brain repair code available is AAA.MK.AA, restricted to repair of encephalocele — a specific structural defect — making it narrower than the general SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>894153007 (Repair of congenital malformation of heart valve)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HDM.MK.AA (Repair of congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers repair of any congenitally malformed heart valve (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, etc.), while ICHI HDM.MK.AA is restricted to the atrioventricular valve only, making the ICHI code more specific.</td></tr><tr><td>427318004 (Repair of double outlet ventricle)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HBD.LI.AA (Double outlet right ventricle repair with intraventricular tunnel)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers repair of a double outlet ventricle in general (either left or right), whereas ICHI code HBD.LI.AA specifies the right ventricle with an intraventricular tunnel technique. A parallel code for the left ventricle (HZA.LI.AA) also exists.</td></tr><tr><td>18023005 (Repair of lacrimal system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>BAD.MK.AA (Repair of canaliculus)</td><td>The ICHI lacrimal apparatus block contains only one repair-action code, BAD.MK.AA, which is scoped specifically to the canaliculus — a sub-structure of the lacrimal system. The SNOMED concept covers the full lacrimal system (including sac, duct, puncta, gland), making this ICHI code narrower; no broader \"repair of lacrimal system\" code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>71660004 (Repair of muscle of hand)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MGM.MK.AA (Suture of muscle of hand)</td><td>Both concepts address repair of muscle of the hand at the same anatomical site, but ICHI specifically titles the procedure as \"suture,\" which is more specific than SNOMED's generic \"repair,\" which could encompass both suture and graft-based repair methods.</td></tr><tr><td>62318005 (Repair of muscle of hand with graft)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MGM.ML.AA (Plastic operation on hand with graft of muscle)</td><td>Both describe graft-based repair of the muscle of the hand, but ICHI specifies the graft material as muscle, whereas the SNOMED concept leaves the graft type unspecified (could include tendon, fascia, or other tissue), making the ICHI code narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>276184008 (Repair of palate)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)</td><td>ICHI does not have a single unspecified \"repair of palate\" code covering both hard and soft palate; the two separate codes are KAS.MK.AA (soft palate) and KAT.MK.AA (hard palate). Since the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (palate in general), either ICHI code is narrower — KAS.MK.AA is chosen as the default since palate repair most commonly refers to soft palate procedures (e.g. cleft palate repair).</td></tr><tr><td>119616003 (Repair of pelvis)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MKB.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of pelvis)</td><td>MKB.MK.AB is the only repair-of-pelvis code in ICHI but specifies an arthroscopic approach, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which is approach-neutral; the bony pelvic target is otherwise an accurate match.</td></tr><tr><td>217225009 (Repair of shoulder)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MDJ.MK.AA (Repair of shoulder joint)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Repair of shoulder\" is anatomically broad and could encompass repair of any shoulder structure (bone, cartilage, tendon, joint, or soft tissue), whereas MDJ.MK.AA specifically targets the shoulder joint; however, it is the best single code available and represents the most clinically common referent of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>447842000 (Replacement of enterostomy device of large intestine)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KBP.KA.AD (Endoscopic replacement of colonic device)</td><td>KBP.KA.AD covers replacement of a colonic (large intestine) device, which aligns well with the target organ and action; however, it specifies the endoscopic approach (means axis AD), whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic, making the ICHI code narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>232927005 (Replacement of implanted atrioventricular valve)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HDM.KA.AA (Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve)</td><td>ICHI restricts this code to congenitally malformed atrioventricular valves, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any implanted AV valve (congenital or acquired aetiology); no generic AV valve re-replacement code exists in ICHI, making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>17006003 (Replacement of urinary catheter)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.KA.AC (Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter)</td><td>NAI.KA.AC specifically refers to an indwelling (Foley-type) urinary catheter, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any type of urinary catheter; the ICHI code is therefore slightly narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>439333006 (Sampling of female genital tract for smear)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)</td><td>The SNOMED concept broadly covers smear sampling from any part of the female genital tract (vagina, cervix, endocervix, etc.), whereas NMF.AH.XH is specifically a Pap smear from the cervix uteri — a narrower site and technique. No broader \"female genital tract smear\" category exists in ICHI, making this the closest available code.</td></tr><tr><td>104435004 (Screening for occult blood in feces)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG5WC5 (Faecal immunochemical test)</td><td>XG5WC5 specifically identifies the immunochemical method for detecting blood in feces, which is the primary modern modality for this screening; the SNOMED concept is method-agnostic (encompassing guaiac and other tests), so the ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>119637006 (Shoulder destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MDJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of shoulder joint)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for any destructive procedure on shoulder structures; ICHI's best available code scopes destruction specifically to the shoulder joint, making it narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>709549003 (Single photon emission computed tomography of heart)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFD.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of myocardium)</td><td>ICHI is more specific than the SNOMED concept: HFD.BA.BF targets the myocardium (heart muscle) whereas the SNOMED concept refers to the heart as a whole, which could encompass other cardiac structures.</td></tr><tr><td>737044008 (Skeletal traction care management)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)</td><td>MBZ.LC.AE specifies skeletal traction applied to the spine only, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses ongoing care management of skeletal traction across any skeletal site, making the ICHI code more specific in anatomical scope.</td></tr><tr><td>119832002 (Skin of head excision)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a category-level grouping covering all excisions of skin of head, while LAA.JJ.AA specifies only partial excision at a head-or-neck site; ICHI is more specific (narrower) than the broader SNOMED grouping, and the ICHI target also includes neck.</td></tr><tr><td>234319005 (Splenectomy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DJA.JK.AA (Total splenectomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"Splenectomy\" is unqualified and encompasses both partial and total splenectomy, whereas DJA.JK.AA is specific to total (complete) removal; the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept (DJA.JJ.AA would apply for partial splenectomy).</td></tr><tr><td>408915002 (Sputum specimen care)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBB.AH.XC (Specimen collection of sputum)</td><td>SNOMED \"sputum specimen care\" encompasses the broader management of a sputum specimen (collection, handling, transport), while JBB.AH.XC specifically denotes the collection act; the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>703145006 (Sterilization procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NMC.LA.AA (Occlusion of fallopian tubes)</td><td>\"Sterilization procedure\" most commonly refers to surgical contraceptive sterilization, encompassing both female (tubal occlusion) and male (vasectomy) procedures; NMC.LA.AA is narrower because it covers only one sex and one technique while the SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper.</td></tr><tr><td>82904003 (Surgical closure of window)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIN.MK.AA (Closure of aortopulmonary window)</td><td>The SNOMED concept \"window\" is anatomically non-specific and could apply to aortopulmonary window, oval window of the ear, or other fenestrations; HIN.MK.AA covers only the cardiovascular aortopulmonary variant, making it narrower than the generic SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>252569009 (Test for allergens)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)</td><td>Allergen testing encompasses multiple modalities (intradermal, patch, scratch/prick, in-vitro IgE), but the intradermal skin test (LZZ.AC.AE) is the most common and clinically representative method for allergen provocation testing. The ICHI code is narrower because it specifies one particular technique (intradermal route) rather than the full scope of allergen testing.</td></tr><tr><td>127799009 (Test for molds)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>LZZ.AC.AE (Intradermal skin test)</td><td>Testing for molds (fungi/mould allergens) is performed primarily through skin-based allergen challenge tests; intradermal skin test (LZZ.AC.AE) is the closest ICHI code available, as ICHI has no mold-specific or fungal-allergen-specific code. The code is narrower because it captures the testing method but not the specific mold antigen target, and broader allergen test approaches (patch, in-vitro) are excluded.</td></tr><tr><td>120011003 (Testis destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NGL.GA.AA (Destruction of testicular lesion)</td><td>NGL.GA.AA specifically refers to destruction of a testicular lesion, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Testis destructive procedure\" is a broader category encompassing any destructive intervention on the testis (including the organ itself, not just a lesion); the ICHI code is therefore narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>119672009 (Thigh reconstruction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MLM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of thigh)</td><td>MLM.ML.AA is the only reconstruction code within the thigh block in ICHI, but it is restricted to muscle; the broader SNOMED concept thigh reconstruction could encompass bone, fascia, ligament, or other thigh structures, making the ICHI code narrower in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>26058004 (Thoracoscopy with biopsy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>JBF.AD.AB (Thoracoscopic biopsy of lung)</td><td>\"Thoracoscopy with biopsy\" in SNOMED is a general concept that does not specify which thoracic structure is biopsied, whereas JBF.AD.AB specifies the biopsy target as lung parenchyma, making the ICHI code narrower. JBF.AD.AB is chosen as the most clinically common context for this procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>55162003 (Tooth extraction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>KAE.JE.AC (Extraction of tooth without incision)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers tooth extraction generically (both simple forceps and surgical), whereas KAE.JE.AC specifically denotes extraction without incision; surgical extraction with incision is a separate ICHI code (KAE.JK.AC).</td></tr><tr><td>116032002 (Transurethral excision from urinary tract)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.JI.AD (Transurethral resection of bladder lesion)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any transurethral excision from anywhere in the urinary tract (renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra, bladder neck), while NAI.JI.AD is a specific code limited to the bladder; no single ICHI code covers the full scope of \"transurethral excision from urinary tract,\" so the best available ICHI code is narrower and only partially representative.</td></tr><tr><td>386305005 (Treatment of fever)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.SE.ZZ (Cooling of central body temperature)</td><td>Fever treatment encompasses multiple modalities — pharmacological (antipyretics), physical cooling, and treating the underlying cause — while PZA.SE.ZZ specifically captures active physical cooling of central body temperature, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. No code for antipyretic administration or a general \"fever management\" exists in ICHI, so this physical-cooling code is the best available match for the physiological aim of fever reduction, though it excludes the pharmacological route.</td></tr><tr><td>119591000 (Trunk reconstruction)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>MCB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rib or sternum)</td><td>ICHI does not have a single code for trunk reconstruction as a whole; MCB.ML.AA is the only trunk-region reconstruction code found (covering rib/sternum only), making it narrower than the broad SNOMED concept, which encompasses all trunk structures including soft tissue, abdominal wall, and vertebral column.</td></tr><tr><td>418105000 (Ultrasonography of inguinal region)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>DFM.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of inguinal lymph node)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers the entire inguinal region (including soft tissue, vasculature, hernia evaluation, and lymph nodes), while the only ICHI ultrasound code sited at the inguinal location targets the lymph node specifically, making the ICHI code more restricted in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>241460001 (Ultrasound angiography of aorta)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HIK.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of the aortic arch)</td><td>ICHI has no single 'ultrasound of aorta' code spanning all aortic segments; HIK.BA.BJ is the only aorta-labelled assignable ultrasound code, but it is restricted to the aortic arch rather than the whole aorta, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>108283006 (Ultrasound procedure on cardiovascular system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HZZ.BA.BJ (Echocardiography)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any ultrasound procedure on the entire cardiovascular system (heart and all vessels), while HZZ.BA.BJ (echocardiography) is scoped specifically to ultrasound of the heart as a whole. No single ICHI code covers ultrasound across the full cardiovascular system; HZZ.BA.BJ is chosen as the closest cardiac ultrasound code but is narrower than the SNOMED category scope.</td></tr><tr><td>108284000 (Ultrasound procedure on endocrine system)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>EBA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of thyroid gland)</td><td>The SNOMED concept broadly covers any ultrasound on the endocrine system as a whole, but ICHI has no composite 'ultrasound of endocrine system' code; the most commonly performed and best-represented endocrine ultrasound in ICHI is EBA.BA.BJ (thyroid gland ultrasound). This is narrower than the SNOMED category, which also encompasses adrenal, pituitary, parathyroid, and other endocrine glands.</td></tr><tr><td>274447002 (Ureteric lithotripsy)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAE.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the ureter)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers ureteric lithotripsy by any technique (ESWL, laser, or endoscopic), whereas the ICHI code specifies extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) only, making the ICHI code more specific than the source concept.</td></tr><tr><td>108042002 (Urethra destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of any destructive procedure on the urethra, whereas the ICHI code specifies destruction of a lesion or tissue, which is the predominant clinical meaning; no broader \"destruction of urethra NOS\" code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>108037005 (Urinary bladder destructive procedure)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>NAI.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any destructive procedure on the urinary bladder, while NAI.GA.AA specifies open destruction of a lesion or tissue — one specific method. The ICHI block \"Destructive interventions on urinary bladder\" (BlockL6-NAI) would be semantically wider but is not an assignable code, so the most representative assignable category is used.</td></tr><tr><td>395124008 (Viral studies)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>XG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic \"viral studies\" code encompassing serology, antigen detection, culture, and molecular methods; XG4U02 covers only one modality and is therefore narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>241427004 (24 hour diphosphonate retention study)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)</td><td>A 24-hour diphosphonate retention study is a nuclear medicine procedure where radiolabelled bisphosphonate uptake across the skeleton is quantified 24 hours after injection; PZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body) captures the nuclear medicine modality and whole-body skeletal target, making the SNOMED concept narrower (it specifies diphosphonate tracer and a 24-hour retention protocol).</td></tr><tr><td>720434006 (Adjustment of cardiac implant)</td><td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#narrower\" title=\"narrower\">narrower</a></td><td>HFC.SN.AA (Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers any cardiac implant (pacemaker, defibrillator, VAD, valve prosthesis, etc.), whereas HFC.SN.AA is specifically scoped to pacemaker or defibrillator systems only — chosen as the most common clinical scenario.</td></tr></table></div>"^^rdf:XMLLiteral ] ] ; # fhir:url [ fhir:v "https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ConceptMap/SnomedProceduresToIchiNarrower"^^xsd:anyURI ; fhir:l <https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ConceptMap/SnomedProceduresToIchiNarrower> ] ; # fhir:version [ fhir:v "0.1.0"] ; # fhir:name [ fhir:v "SnomedProceduresToIchiNarrower"] ; # fhir:title [ fhir:v "SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Narrower mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)"] ; # fhir:status [ fhir:v "draft"] ; # fhir:experimental [ fhir:v true] ; # fhir:date [ fhir:v "2026-05-11T05:36:07+00:00"^^xsd:dateTime] ; # fhir:publisher [ fhir:v "Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting)"] ; # fhir:contact ( [ fhir:name [ fhir:v "Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting)" ] ; ( fhir:telecom [ fhir:system [ fhir:v "url" ] ; fhir:value [ fhir:v "https://vadimperetok.in" ] ] ) ] ) ; # fhir:description [ fhir:v "**WARNING - FIRST-PASS, UNVALIDATED MAPPING.** Subset of [SnomedProceduresToIchi](ConceptMap-SnomedProceduresToIchi.html) containing only mappings with equivalence `narrower`. It has **not** been clinically reviewed, terminology-reviewed, or otherwise verified for correctness. **Do not use** for patient care, billing, statistics, or any production purpose without independent expert review."] ; # fhir:purpose [ fhir:v "Filtered view of the SNOMED CT procedure to ICHI mapping containing only mappings with equivalence `narrower`."] ; # fhir:copyright [ fhir:v "First-pass draft. Mappings are provided as-is, without warranty of any kind. Users must independently verify correctness before use. SNOMED CT is © SNOMED International. ICHI is © World Health Organization."] ; # fhir:source [ a fhir:Canonical ; fhir:v "https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ValueSet/snomed-procedure-root"^^xsd:anyURI ; fhir:l <https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ValueSet/snomed-procedure-root> ] ; # fhir:target [ a fhir:Uri ; fhir:v "http://id.who.int/ichi"^^xsd:anyURI ; fhir:l <http://id.who.int/ichi> ] ; # fhir:group ( [ fhir:source [ fhir:v "http://snomed.info/sct"^^xsd:anyURI ; fhir:l <http://snomed.info/sct> ] ; fhir:target [ fhir:v "http://id.who.int/ichi"^^xsd:anyURI ; fhir:l <http://id.who.int/ichi> ] ; ( fhir:element [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "439794000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extracorporeal shock wave therapy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRS.SC.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy of soft tissue of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single site-unspecified extracorporeal shockwave therapy code; MRS.SC.BJ is the closest match as the most general shockwave therapy code available (using \"unspecified site\"), but it is scoped to soft tissue within the musculoskeletal system, making it narrower than the fully site- and indication-agnostic SNOMED concept which also encompasses lithotripsy and other applications." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233174007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiac pacemaker procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.DN.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper encompassing all pacemaker-related procedures (implantation, removal, replacement, management, function checks). ICHI has no single code covering all cardiac pacemaker procedures generically. HFC.DN.AF is the most clinically representative single code—percutaneous transvenous implantation of a permanent endocardial pacemaker is the most commonly performed pacemaker procedure—but it is narrower because it specifies only implantation (not removal, replacement, or management), only the percutaneous transluminal approach, and also includes defibrillator systems which the SNOMED concept does not." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "176837007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intrauterine contraceptive device procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.DL.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of device into uterus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a grouper covering all IUD-related procedures (insertion, removal, replacement, checking), whereas NME.DL.AC specifically covers only insertion of a device into the uterus. The ICHI code is narrower (more specific in action type) than the broader SNOMED concept, though it is the single most clinically representative match as IUD insertion is the prototypical IUD procedure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "371572003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nuclear medicine procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radioisotope scan of whole body" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI lacks a single general nuclear medicine code; instead it distributes nuclear medicine across many site-specific imaging codes (17+) plus therapeutic codes (e.g., EBA.GA.BE for radioactive iodine therapy). PZA.BA.BE is the most general-purpose radioisotope scan code available, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it refers only to radioisotope scanning (imaging) of the whole body, whereas SNOMED's \"Nuclear medicine procedure\" is a broad parent encompassing all nuclear medicine procedures including imaging of any body site, radionuclide therapy, and other nuclear medicine techniques." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1263452006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Anesthesia and/or sedation procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.DC.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intravenous anaesthesia" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers all forms of anesthesia and sedation. ICHI has only two whole-body anaesthesia codes (PZA.DC.AC inhalational, PZA.DC.AF intravenous) and no code encompassing sedation. PZA.DC.AF is the most representative single code since IV anaesthesia is the most common general anaesthesia method, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept which also covers inhalational, regional, local anaesthesia and sedation." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1344996000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cannulation or catheterization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IZE.DL.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad, site-agnostic procedure covering any body structure and approach. IZE.DL.AF is narrower because it is restricted to blood vessels with a percutaneous transluminal approach, but it is the most general vascular cannulation/catheterization code available in ICHI and represents the most common clinical application." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "278939002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Eye prosthesis procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BZZ.SM.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of ocular prosthetics" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Management of ocular prosthetics\" specifically covers the management and fitting aspects of ocular prosthetics, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept \"Eye prosthesis procedure,\" which is a broader grouper encompassing all eye prosthesis-related procedures including insertion (BZZ.DL.AC), removal (BZZ.JD.AC), and management." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108252007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Laboratory procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BlockL1-XG1" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Essential laboratory tests" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's \"Essential laboratory tests\" (BlockL1-XG1) is the top-level grouping for laboratory tests, containing 119 specific test extension codes spanning haematology, biochemistry, microbiology, immunology, and histopathology. It is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it is explicitly restricted to \"essential\" laboratory tests — a curated subset — whereas SNOMED's concept encompasses all laboratory procedures without qualification." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "243121000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Medical therapy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.DB.AZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Medical therapy\" in SNOMED CT is a broad concept encompassing the overall approach of treating disease with pharmacological/non-surgical means. PZA.DB.AZ specifically represents the act of administering pharmacotherapy (with no route specified), which is a more specific component of the broader \"medical therapy\" concept — making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "56333001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nerve block" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ACA.DC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Nerve block\" is a general term encompassing anaesthetic injection into any nerve (cranial, spinal, peripheral, sympathetic), whereas ICHI code ACA.DC.AE is specific to peripheral nerves only. ICHI has no single unifying \"nerve block\" code; instead it splits this across multiple site-specific codes (AAN.DC.AE cranial, ABN.DC.AE spinal, ADB–ADE.DC.AE sympathetic), making the peripheral nerve code narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "410751007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure on ganglion cyst" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRT.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any procedure on a ganglion cyst regardless of technique, while the ICHI code specifically denotes local excision of a tendon sheath lesion at an unspecified site. Although ganglion cysts are tendon sheath lesions (good anatomical match), the ICHI code is narrower because it specifies only excision rather than encompassing all possible procedures (such as drainage or aspiration)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "62317000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Prosthodontic procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAE.DN.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Prosthetic dental implant" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Prosthodontic procedure\" in SNOMED CT is a broad concept encompassing all prosthodontic interventions including crowns, bridges, removable dentures, and implant prostheses. ICHI does not have a single grouping code for all prosthodontic procedures; KAE.DN.AC covers only one specific type of prosthodontic intervention (implantation of a dental prosthesis), making it narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "225427003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedures to aid continence" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SMD.PH.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Training in toileting" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Training in toileting\" is the closest ICHI match as it targets the self-care activity of toileting (covering both urinary and fecal continence) with a therapeutic training intent. However, it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because \"Procedures to aid continence\" encompasses any type of procedure (training, practical support, education, devices, exercises) aimed at aiding continence, whereas SMD.PH.ZZ is specifically limited to training interventions." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "312052002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Placement procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "UEP.TI.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Referral to health provider" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED's \"Placement procedure\" is a broad administrative concept encompassing placing a person into any care setting (residential care, foster care, hospital, social services). ICHI's \"Referral to health provider\" covers only the narrower subset of directing a person to a health provider, making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "410011004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Administration of anesthesia AND/OR sedation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.DC.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intravenous anaesthesia" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a single code covering all forms of anaesthesia and sedation. PZA.DC.AF is the most representative specific code, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept which encompasses any type of anaesthesia (inhalational, intravenous, regional, local) and/or sedation by any route." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "42825003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cannulation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IZE.DL.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED's \"Cannulation\" is a generic concept covering insertion of a cannula into any vessel or body structure by any approach, while IZE.DL.AF restricts to percutaneous transluminal insertion into blood vessels only. The ICHI code represents a subset of what the SNOMED concept covers." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108108009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Obstetrics manipulation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMR.LD.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Rotation of fetus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Obstetrics manipulation\" is a broad SNOMED grouper concept encompassing all manual obstetric procedures (version, rotation, manual maneuvers during labour), while NMR.LD.AC is one specific type of obstetric manipulation. ICHI also has NMR.LD.AH (External version of fetus) as another obstetric manipulation code. No single ICHI code encompasses all obstetric manipulations generically." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108231004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Analysis of electronic device used in cardiovascular system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.SN.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator function check" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code specifically covers function checking of pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators, which is a subset of the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses analysis of any electronic device used in the cardiovascular system (including VADs, loop recorders, and other electronic cardiac devices)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108310004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Psychologic AND/OR psychiatric procedure AND/OR service" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BlockL4-_LD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Interventions on mental functions" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI block covers assessment, psychotherapy, counselling, training, and support targeting mental functions, which is the core of psychological/psychiatric care. However, it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because the SNOMED term also encompasses behavioral health interventions and stress/psychological demands interventions, which fall under separate ICHI hierarchies." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108324000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Specimen collection AND/OR ward laboratory procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZX.AH.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Specimen collection, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PZX.AH.ZZ covers general specimen collection without specifying a body site, which matches the specimen collection aspect of the SNOMED concept. However, the SNOMED concept also includes ward laboratory procedures (point-of-care/bedside testing), which PZX.AH.ZZ does not cover, making the ICHI code narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "10953000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Control of hemorrhage after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DAA.LA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Control of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single code combining hemorrhage control after both tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. DAA.LA.AC covers only the tonsillectomy hemorrhage control component, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which addresses hemorrhage control after the combined procedure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "18590009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiac pacing" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.DL.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Cardiac pacing\" is a broad concept covering all methods of electrically pacing the heart (temporary, permanent, epicardial, endocardial, transcutaneous). HFC.DL.AF represents the most common clinical form (transvenous temporary pacing) but is more specific, as it specifies the percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach and temporary duration." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233182007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Permanent cardiac pacemaker procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.DN.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a general grouper for any permanent cardiac pacemaker procedure regardless of approach or action type (implantation, replacement, removal, management). HFC.DN.AF is more specific, covering only percutaneous transluminal endocardial implantation and also including defibrillators." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233175008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.DL.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure regardless of approach, while HFC.DL.AF specifies only the percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach. ICHI splits temporary pacemaker insertion into two approach-specific codes with no generic parent code available, making this ICHI code more specific (narrower)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1153472003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Promotion of health seeking behavior" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "VD1.PM.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Education to influence health service-related behaviours, unspecified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept broadly covers promotion of health-seeking behavior without specifying the intervention method. The ICHI code targets the same behavioral domain but is more specific in that it identifies \"education\" as the intervention action, making it narrower than the general SNOMED \"promotion\" concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1153473008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Promotion of ability to socialize" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SSG.PH.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Training in engaging in informal social relationships" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI code SSG.PH.ZZ targets \"engaging in informal social relationships,\" which aligns with socializing. However, it specifies \"training\" as the intervention method, whereas the SNOMED concept's \"promotion of ability\" is broader and could encompass training, education, counselling, and other methods." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "710554006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of water supply" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "UBN.AA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of water quality" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Assessment of water supply\" encompasses evaluating the overall water supply including quality, quantity, infrastructure, and access, whereas UBN.AA.ZZ focuses specifically on the quality dimension. The ICHI code covers the most clinically relevant aspect but is narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386218004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Control of hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBF.LA.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI subdivides GI hemorrhage control by specific site (stomach, duodenum, colon, rectum) and method (endoscopic, transcatheter). KBF.LA.AD is limited to gastric bleeding controlled endoscopically, whereas the SNOMED concept covers hemorrhage control at any GI tract location by any method." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274511001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Control of hemorrhage of uterus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.DK.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Tamponade of uterus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI lacks a general \"control of haemorrhage of uterus\" code. NME.DK.AC is the only uterine intervention specifically targeting hemorrhage control, but it specifies tamponade as the method whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any technique used to control uterine hemorrhage." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "36526005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopy and control of hemorrhage" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBF.LA.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no generic site-unspecified \"endoscopic control of hemorrhage\" code. KBF.LA.AD is limited to gastric bleeding whereas the SNOMED concept applies to any anatomical site." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "439569004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Resuscitation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HT2.MC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"Resuscitation\" is a broad concept covering all forms of resuscitation (cardiopulmonary, neonatal, fluid, etc.), while ICHI HT2.MC.AH specifically refers to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, making the ICHI code more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "18038006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Protection of surroundings from individual" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZB.VE.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Isolation of a person for infection control" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code specifically covers isolating a person for infection control purposes, which is one of the main reasons for protecting surroundings from an individual. However, the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing protection of surroundings for any reason (infectious disease, behavioral safety, violence prevention), whereas the ICHI code is restricted to the infection control context only." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "75227000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Excision and prosthetic replacement of lens" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BBF.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of prosthetic lens" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure of lens excision and prosthetic lens insertion. ICHI has no single code for this combined procedure; BBF.ML.AA covers only the prosthetic lens insertion component, making it narrower than the full SNOMED concept. A complete ICHI representation would require pairing BBF.ML.AA with BBF.JK.AA (Extraction of lens)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "127789004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Laboratory procedure categorized by method" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BlockL1-XG1" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Essential laboratory tests" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI block \"Essential laboratory tests\" groups 119 specific laboratory test categories but is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it is limited to \"essential\" laboratory tests rather than encompassing all laboratory procedures categorized by method." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "133860004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Open reduction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRB.LD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Open reduction of bone of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"Open reduction\" covers restoring displaced anatomy to correct position via an open approach across all body systems — 13 children including fracture reduction, dislocation reduction, bowel volvulus reduction, intussusception reduction, and epiphyseal injury reduction. MRB.LD.AA restricts the target to bone at an unspecified site, excluding joint dislocations (MRJ.LD) and GI reductions (bowel volvulus, intussusception)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "172542008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Revision of intraocular lens" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BBF.LD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repositioning of lens" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no specific \"revision of intraocular lens\" code. BBF.LD.AA (Repositioning of lens) is the closest match, but it is narrower because \"revision\" can encompass repositioning, exchange, adjustment, or other corrective procedures on a previously implanted IOL, whereas this ICHI code covers only repositioning." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "15220000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Laboratory test" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BlockL1-XG1" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Essential laboratory tests" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's \"Essential laboratory tests\" block groups 119 specific laboratory test extension codes (e.g., glucose, blood count, culture, histopathology). However, it is qualified as \"Essential\" — a curated subset of laboratory tests — making it narrower than SNOMED CT's \"Laboratory test,\" which encompasses all laboratory tests without restriction." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "180333002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Body temperature modification and control" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.SD.BQ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Warming of central body temperature" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single code for general body temperature modification and control. It separates this into warming (PZA.SD.BQ) and cooling (PZA.SE.ZZ) of central body temperature, plus peripheral variants. PZA.SD.BQ is narrower because it covers only warming, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses all forms of temperature modification and control." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "14736009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Patient evaluation and management" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZB.AA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "General health assessment" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PZB.AA.ZZ covers the evaluation/assessment aspect of the SNOMED concept at the whole-person level but does not encompass the \"management\" component. The ICHI code is narrower in scope than the SNOMED concept, which includes both evaluation and management of the patient." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "3204007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destructive procedure of nerve" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ACA.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of peripheral nerve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is unqualified and covers destruction of any nerve (peripheral, cranial, or spinal). ICHI has no generic \"destruction of nerve\" code; ACA.GA.AA is specific to peripheral nerves, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. Peripheral nerve is chosen as the best default since unqualified \"nerve\" most commonly implies peripheral nerve in clinical usage." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "63466006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of cranial nerve" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAN.DC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "AAN.DC.AE is more specific than the SNOMED concept because it specifies the injected substance as an anaesthetic, whereas \"Injection of cranial nerve\" is a general injection that could involve any substance (e.g., anaesthetic, steroid, neurolytic agent). ICHI has no general \"injection into cranial nerve\" code, making this the closest available match but narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "22028008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of drug or medicament into nerve" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ACA.DB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection into a peripheral nerve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ACA.DB.AE covers injection of any substance into a peripheral nerve, which closely matches the SNOMED concept's intent of injecting drug/medicament into a nerve. However, the ICHI code is narrower because it specifies \"peripheral nerve\" only, whereas the SNOMED concept applies to any nerve (peripheral, spinal, cranial, or sympathetic)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "373205008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nuclear medicine imaging procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radioisotope scan of whole body" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a single general \"nuclear medicine imaging\" concept; it distributes nuclear imaging across body-site-specific codes. PZA.BA.BE is the most general available code under \"comprehensive or unspecified topography,\" but it specifically denotes whole-body radioisotope scanning rather than nuclear medicine imaging as a general procedure category, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "64291000052106" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radioactive iodine therapy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "EBA.GA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code EBA.GA.BE specifies both the target organ (thyroid gland) and the action (destruction), making it more specific than the SNOMED concept \"Radioactive iodine therapy,\" which does not restrict the procedure to a particular organ or specify the intent as destruction." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "424525001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Antenatal care" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NUE.AA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of functions related to pregnancy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Antenatal care\" encompasses the full range of care during pregnancy including assessment, monitoring, education, and emotional support, while NUE.AA.ZZ specifically covers only assessment of pregnancy functions. The ICHI code captures the core foundational activity of antenatal care but is more specific (narrower) than the comprehensive SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "408883002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Breastfeeding support" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "VEH.RB.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "VEH.RB.ZZ specifically covers practical (hands-on) support with breastfeeding, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Breastfeeding support\" is broader and can encompass education, counselling, peer support, and other supportive interventions for breastfeeding. The ICHI code is therefore more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "236973005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Delivery procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.JF.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Vaginal delivery" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED's \"Delivery procedure\" is a general concept encompassing all methods of delivery (vaginal, caesarean, instrumental), while ICHI has no single code for generic delivery. NME.JF.AC \"Vaginal delivery\" is the most applicable single ICHI intervention code but is narrower because it excludes caesarean section and other delivery methods." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "177128002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Induction and delivery procedures" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.SH.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Medical induction of labour, per orifice" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept combines induction and delivery as a unified grouper. ICHI separates these into distinct codes: induction (NME.SH.AC medical, NME.SH.AF IV, NMM.FA.AC surgical) and delivery (NME.JF.AC vaginal, NME.JF.AA caesarean). NME.SH.AC covers only the induction component and is therefore narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "450659004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Diagnostic puncture of bone" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRB.AD.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code specifically describes a percutaneous biopsy (tissue sampling) of bone at an unspecified site, which is the most clinically common form of diagnostic bone puncture. However, the SNOMED concept is broader and could encompass diagnostic procedures beyond biopsy (e.g., aspiration for fluid analysis), making the ICHI code narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "169443000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Preventive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DTB.VD.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous vaccination" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a broad \"preventive procedure\" intervention code. DTB.VD.AE is the most representative specific preventive clinical intervention (vaccination), but represents only one type of prevention. ICHI distributes preventive activities across vaccination codes, screening behaviour interventions (VDB), and safety behaviour interventions (VC1)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "72912002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Revision of cerebral ventricular shunt" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAE.KA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of ventricular device" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "AAE.KA.AA specifically covers replacement of a device in the ventricles of the brain, which is the most common form of shunt revision. However, SNOMED's \"revision\" is broader and may include repair, repositioning, or adjustment without full replacement." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "428989006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on ganglion cyst" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRT.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MRT.JI.AA specifically covers local excision of a tendon sheath lesion at an unspecified site, which is narrower than \"Operation on ganglion cyst\" that encompasses any type of surgical intervention (excision, aspiration, drainage) on a ganglion cyst." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "408884008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Breastfeeding support management" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "VEH.RB.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Practical support with breastfeeding behaviours" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "VEH.RB.ZZ focuses specifically on practical support with breastfeeding behaviours, which is one component of the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses overall clinical management of breastfeeding support." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "63487001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assisted fertilization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.DH.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Uterine reproductive transfer procedures" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NME.DH.AC covers uterine reproductive transfer procedures (e.g., IVF embryo transfer), which is the most common form of assisted fertilization but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all assisted reproduction techniques including fallopian tube transfers, artificial insemination, and other methods." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "225287004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedures relating to positioning and support" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.LD.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Positioning of the whole body" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering all procedures related to positioning and support (any body region, any purpose, including postural support). PZA.LD.ZZ is more specific, covering only whole-body positioning without the \"support\" aspect and without covering positioning of specific body parts." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "225346003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Promotion of independence" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SM1.PH.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Training in self care, unspecified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SM1.PH.ZZ specifically covers training in self-care activities, which is a core component of promoting independence but narrower in scope; the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing independence across all life domains (mobility, communication, community participation) and using multiple intervention types beyond training alone." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "229319000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mobilizing of body part" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRJ.PB.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mobilisation of joint of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a general intervention applicable to any body part, while MRJ.PB.AH specifically restricts mobilisation to joints (albeit of unspecified site). ICHI only has joint-specific mobilisation codes, making this the closest match but semantically narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "235563008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous attention to tube in bile duct" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCF.SN.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Irrigation of cholecystostomy or other biliary tube" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KCF.SN.AC specifically covers irrigation of a biliary tube, which is one particular form of the broader \"attention to tube\" described by the SNOMED concept. \"Attention\" encompasses irrigation, flushing, patency checks, dressing changes, and other maintenance activities, making the ICHI code more specific (narrower) in its action scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "238285002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Peritoneal drain procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KMA.JB.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Drainage of peritoneal cavity" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Peritoneal drain procedure\" is a broad grouper covering all procedures on peritoneal drains (insertion, aspiration, flushing, removal, attention/management), while KMA.JB.AA specifically covers only the drainage action on the peritoneal cavity. ICHI has separate codes for implantation of device (KMA.DN.AA), removal of device (KMA.JD.AA), and management of device (KMA.SN.AH), but no single code encompasses all peritoneal drain procedures." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "243114000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Support" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "UC1.RB.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Practical support with personal support and relationships, unspecified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED CT \"Support\" is a broad, unqualified concept covering any type of support intervention. UC1.RB.ZZ qualifies support as \"practical\" and targets the \"personal support and relationships\" domain, making it narrower than the generic SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "25517008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Warm soak of extremity" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PNA.ZZ.BS" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Hydrotherapy with partial immersion of lower limb, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept applies to any extremity (upper or lower limb), but ICHI splits this into separate codes for upper limb (PMA.ZZ.BS) and lower limb (PNA.ZZ.BS). PNA.ZZ.BS is narrower because it covers only the lower limb, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses both upper and lower extremities." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "278846007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Dietetic procedures" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SMF.PN.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Advising about eating" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Dietetic procedures\" is a broad grouping encompassing dietary assessment, counselling, education, and advice. SMF.PN.ZZ captures the most characteristic dietetic activity but is narrower because it covers only the advising action, not the full scope of dietetic interventions." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "710803000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assistance with mobility" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SJA.RB.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Practical support with walking" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SJA.RB.ZZ specifically addresses practical support with walking, which is the most central aspect of mobility assistance. However, \"Assistance with mobility\" is broader, encompassing help with all forms of mobility (walking, transfers, position changes, moving around), making the ICHI code narrower. The ideal match \"Practical support with mobility, unspecified\" exists conceptually in ICHI but has no assigned code." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "56469005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Moving a patient" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SHG.RA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Performing the task of transferring the person" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Moving a patient\" in SNOMED CT is a broad grouper with 12 children encompassing all forms of physical patient movement (log rolling, repositioning, transferring to stretcher/chair/wheelchair/standing, sitting up, placing on bedpan, transporting). ICHI's SHG.RA.ZZ specifically covers only the surface-to-surface transfer component. ICHI separates these into distinct target codes: SHA.RA.ZZ for changing body position (turning, repositioning) and SIA.RA.ZZ for lifting and carrying." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386383000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Parenting promotion" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "VEJ.PM.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Education to influence parenting behaviours" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Parenting promotion\" encompasses education, counselling, training, and support to improve parenting. VEJ.PM.ZZ specifically covers the educational component of influencing parenting behaviours, making it narrower, though it represents the most common method of parenting promotion." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "710149006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Promotion of family support" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "UCB.VA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Capacity building targeting support from immediate family" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "UCB.VA.ZZ captures the promotion/capacity-building aspect of family support, which aligns with the SNOMED concept's intent. However, it is narrower because it is restricted to \"immediate family\" support, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Promotion of family support\" encompasses family support broadly (including both immediate and extended family)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "710150006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Promotion of hygiene" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "VED.VB.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Awareness raising to influence hygiene behaviours" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Promotion of hygiene\" is a broad concept encompassing various promotional activities (education, advising, awareness campaigns, etc.), while VED.VB.ZZ specifically targets awareness raising as one method of influencing hygiene behaviours. The ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept, making it narrower in scope, though it is the single best semantic match for the general notion of \"promotion.\"" ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "313039003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Solid organ transplant to recipient" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAA.KD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Kidney transplantation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has only organ-specific transplantation (KD) codes (heart, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine, spleen, ovary) with no generic \"solid organ transplant\" code. NAA.KD.AA (kidney transplantation) is selected as the most commonly performed solid organ transplant worldwide, but is narrower because it specifies only the kidney." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "416269009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual medicine" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRJ.PA.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Manual medicine\" is a broad therapeutic discipline encompassing multiple hands-on techniques (manipulation, mobilisation, massage) across all musculoskeletal structures. MRJ.PA.AH covers only joint manipulation at an unspecified site, making it more specific/narrower than the SNOMED concept, as ICHI lacks a single code that captures the full scope of manual medicine." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "710766003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Implementation of immunization regime" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DTB.VD.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous vaccination" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no route-unspecified or regime-level vaccination code. DTB.VD.AE is the closest single intervention code, but it is narrower because it specifies only one administration route (percutaneous) and represents a single vaccination act, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses an entire vaccination schedule potentially involving multiple routes." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386518003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Artificial airway management" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PTC.SN.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of tracheostomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Artificial airway management\" is a broad nursing/clinical concept encompassing management of all artificial airways (endotracheal tubes, tracheostomy tubes, oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal airways), while PTC.SN.AC is restricted specifically to tracheostomy management, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code captures the full breadth of artificial airway management across all device types." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233036001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Atrial septation operation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HAZ.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Septation of common atrium without a common atrioventricular junction" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HAZ.ML.AA directly describes an atrial septation procedure — the surgical creation of a septum in a common (undivided) atrium — which is the core meaning of the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code is narrower because it specifies the subtype \"without a common atrioventricular junction,\" whereas the SNOMED concept \"Atrial septation operation\" is a broader term that encompasses all atrial septation procedures regardless of atrioventricular junction anatomy." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "699803004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Balloon test occlusion" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IBB.AC.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Carotid artery balloon test occlusion" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Balloon test occlusion\" is a general term not restricted to a specific vessel, while the only ICHI code available (IBB.AC.AF) is explicitly scoped to the carotid artery (extracranial), meaning the ICHI code is narrower in anatomical scope than the SNOMED concept. No more general balloon test occlusion code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274474001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Bone immobilization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRB.LC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MRB.LC.AH covers application of an external immobilisation device to bone at an unspecified site, capturing the core concept of bone immobilization, but the means axis (AH = external device) constrains the technique whereas the SNOMED concept \"Bone immobilization\" is broader, encompassing any immobilization technique (external devices, casts, splints, traction, internal fixation), making the ICHI code narrower in means than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "448137007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Brachytherapy using radioiodine" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "EBA.GA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Brachytherapy using radioiodine\" is a general technique applicable to any anatomical target (e.g., prostate, thyroid, liver), whereas EBA.GA.BE constrains the procedure specifically to thyroid gland destruction using radioactive iodine, making the ICHI code narrower in target scope than the SNOMED concept. No site-agnostic radioiodine brachytherapy code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "41976001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiac catheterization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HZZ.AB.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"Cardiac catheterization\" is a generic parent concept covering left-sided, right-sided, and combined procedures, while ICHI splits these into three distinct codes (HZA.AB.AF, HZB.AB.AF, HZZ.AB.AF). HZZ.AB.AF (combined right and left heart catheterisation) is the most representative single code but is narrower than the SNOMED concept since it specifies the combined procedure, whereas SNOMED encompasses any cardiac catheterization variant." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "243783008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiac catheter pressure measurement" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HZZ.AB.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Combined right and left heart cardiac catheterisation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a generic parent for any catheter-based cardiac pressure measurement regardless of side, whereas HZZ.AB.AF denotes a specific combined right-and-left procedure; ICHI's cardiac catheterisation codes are all side-specific (left, right, or combined), so no unspecified-side equivalent exists, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept. HZZ.AB.AF is selected as the best available match because the action/means axes (AB = measurement, AF = percutaneous transluminal catheter) directly reflect the pressure-measurement-by-catheter concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "5685002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Electrolysis procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LBB.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of skin appendage of trunk" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Electrolysis procedure\" refers to electrical destruction of hair follicles (skin appendages) without restriction to body site, while ICHI only offers site-specific destruction-of-skin-appendage codes (head/neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb) with no single body-region-agnostic assignable category. LBB.GA.AA is semantically aligned in action (destruction, GA) and target (skin appendage, a category that includes hair follicles) but is narrower because it is confined to the trunk region, and ICHI does not encode the electrolytic technique in a way that distinguishes it from other destruction means." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "281556002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of temporary cardiac pacemaker" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.DL.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is route-unspecified and covers any method of temporary cardiac pacing (transvenous, epicardial, transcutaneous), whereas HFC.DL.AF specifies the percutaneous transluminal endocardial (transvenous) approach — the most clinically common route. The ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept; it best represents the predominant clinical intent but does not fully encompass the epicardial or transcutaneous variants also implied by the SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "52765003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intubation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JZZ.DL.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Other intubation of respiratory tract, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Intubation\" is a broad general concept encompassing all tube insertions (endotracheal, nasogastric, etc.), while JZZ.DL.AC is scoped specifically to intubation of the respiratory tract and serves as the NEC catch-all within that system. ICHI is therefore more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED concept, which extends beyond the respiratory tract." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119270007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZB.ZZ.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Health management encounter, unspecified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Management procedure\" is a broad top-level grouper for any act of managing a patient's health condition, spanning device management, disease management, and care coordination. PZB.ZZ.ZZ is the closest available residual health management encounter code in ICHI, but it is narrower because it is restricted to whole-person health management encounters rather than the full breadth of management acts (e.g., device management, body-system-specific management) covered by the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1230039003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nose care" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JAA.JA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Irrigation of nasal passages" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Nose care\" is a broad SNOMED concept encompassing any care activity directed at the nose (cleaning, moisturising, suctioning, packing, irrigation, etc.), whereas JAA.JA.AC specifically describes irrigation of the nasal passages — a single representative clinical procedure within nasal care. The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept; no more general nasal care code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "10029008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Suicide precautions" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "VBA.TM.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Environment modification to influence self-harm behaviours" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Suicide precautions\" is a clinically specific set of measures (environmental safety checks, removal of means, supervised observation) directed at preventing suicidal self-harm, which is a subset of the broader ICHI category covering any environment modification targeting self-harm behaviours. The ICHI code is wider in scope — it covers all self-harm (not just suicide) and all forms of environment modification — so the SNOMED concept is narrower than the ICHI code." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "302437009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on skin wound" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LZZ.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering all surgical operations on skin wounds (repair, debridement, excision, closure, revision), while LZZ.MK.AA specifically captures repair/reconstruction of skin NEC, which is the most prototypical and central skin wound operation but does not encompass the full scope of the grouper. No single ICHI assignable category exists for all skin wound surgery, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "302375005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operative termination of pregnancy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.JE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NME.JE.AA is the only ICHI code explicitly framing termination of pregnancy as a named surgical procedure, but it specifies only the hysterotomy technique, whereas the SNOMED concept covers all surgical methods (suction curettage, dilatation and curettage, hysterotomy, etc.). The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept; no broader operative-TOP grouper exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "177135005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Oxytocin induction of labor" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.SH.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intravenous medical induction of labour" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NME.SH.AF specifies intravenous medical induction of labour, which maps tightly to oxytocin (always given IV); slightly narrower than the SNOMED because the ICHI code covers any IV uterotonic without naming oxytocin specifically." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "5880005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Physical examination" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.AE.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Physical examination of whole body" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is unrestricted in scope and may refer to examination of any body site or the whole body, whereas PZA.AE.AH is explicitly scoped to whole-body physical examination. The ICHI code is therefore a narrower (more specific) representation than the broader SNOMED source concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "236994008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Placental delivery procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMM.JE.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual removal of retained placenta" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper covering all methods of placental delivery (spontaneous, controlled cord traction, manual removal). NMM.JE.AC specifically refers only to manual removal of a retained placenta, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. No ICHI code captures spontaneous or routine placental delivery." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "37441002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of electronic heart device" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.JD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of pacemaker or defibrillator system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any electronic heart device (including pacemakers, defibrillators, CRT devices, and implantable monitors), whereas ICHI HFC.JD.AA specifically names pacemaker or defibrillator systems; the ICHI code is more specific than the broader SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "367385006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Total body scan" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radioisotope scan of whole body" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"total body scan\" is modality-unspecified and could encompass CT, MRI, PET, or nuclear medicine scanning of the whole body, whereas PZA.BA.BE is restricted to radioisotope (nuclear medicine) scanning, making the ICHI code more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "231100007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Acupuncture with stimulation of needle" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZX.SP.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Acupuncture, not elsewhere classified, percutaneous" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI code PZX.SP.AE specifically denotes percutaneous acupuncture (needle insertion through the skin), which corresponds to the needle-stimulation technique described in the SNOMED concept; the ICHI code is slightly narrower than the SNOMED concept in that it specifies the percutaneous route, whereas the SNOMED concept could in principle include non-percutaneous needle stimulation variants, but this is the best available match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "431230009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Administration of substance into urinary bladder via intravesical route using urinary bladder catheter" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DTB.DB.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intravesical administration of immunological agent" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "DTB.DB.AD is the closest ICHI code and shares the defining intravesical route and administration action, but it is narrower in substance type (restricted to immunological agents, typically BCG immunotherapy) whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any substance delivered intravesically via catheter." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386508008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Airway insertion and stabilization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBA.DL.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of endotracheal tube" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "JBA.DL.AC is the most clinically prominent airway insertion/stabilization procedure but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which covers the full range of airway insertion devices (endotracheal, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal) and stabilization techniques." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "182524008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Attention to urinary catheter" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.KA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAI.KA.AC covers the most common clinical act performed when attending to a urinary catheter (replacement/change of an indwelling catheter), but the SNOMED concept \"attention to urinary catheter\" is broader and encompasses any form of care or maintenance, including checking, irrigating, or repositioning, making the ICHI code narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "232917004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Balloon atrioventricular valvotomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HDF.LG.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of mitral valve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is non-specific about which AV valve is targeted (mitral or tricuspid), whereas HDF.LG.AF specifically names the mitral valve; this is the closest available ICHI code since balloon AV valvotomy is overwhelmingly performed on the mitral valve in clinical practice, but the ICHI code is narrower than the broader SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "178324008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cannulation of lymphatic duct" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DFP.JB.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cannulation of thoracic duct" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has an exact-action match (\"Cannulation\") but only for the thoracic duct specifically, while the SNOMED concept refers to any lymphatic duct. The ICHI code is narrower because it specifies the thoracic duct as the target, whereas the SNOMED concept covers cannulation of lymphatic ducts in general." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "69779005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiac resuscitation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HT2.MC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's code specifies cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which includes both cardiac and pulmonary components, whereas the SNOMED concept \"cardiac resuscitation\" refers specifically to restoration of cardiac function and is semantically slightly broader (it could include open-chest cardiac massage or defibrillation alone). HT2.MC.AH is the closest available ICHI code." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "11319003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Control of postoperative hemorrhage of urinary bladder" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.LA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transurethral haemostasis of bladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAI.LA.AC correctly encodes haemostasis of the urinary bladder but specifies a transurethral approach (AC), making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach; NAI.LA.AD (endoscopic) is an equally valid narrower alternative." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "174880000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Creation of valved cardiac conduit" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HBB.LI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "A valved cardiac conduit is most commonly placed between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in congenital heart surgery, and HBB.LI.AA matches that anatomy precisely; however, the SNOMED concept is broader — it encompasses any valved conduit placement in the heart (including left-sided or atriopulmonary routes), so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233176009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Direct temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.DL.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of temporary epicardial pacemaker system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Direct temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure\" is a broad category encompassing any direct (epicardial/myocardial) temporary pacing intervention, while HFC.DL.AA specifies the open epicardial route specifically; HFC.DL.AF (percutaneous endocardial) covers a different access route, so HFC.DL.AA captures the \"direct\" (epicardial) approach but is more specific than the SNOMED parent concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "761892008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Education about artificial airway" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PTC.PM.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Tracheostomy education" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's tracheostomy education code is more specific than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all artificial airways (tracheostomy, endotracheal tube, oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal airways). PTC.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code but covers only one type of artificial airway, making it narrower than the broader SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "5845006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Emulsification procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BBF.JK.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Phacoemulsification of lens" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Emulsification procedure\" is a broad category encompassing any emulsification technique used in surgery, whereas the only ICHI code that uses emulsification as its defining means is specifically phacoemulsification of the lens — a more specific procedure than the general SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "55670007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endodontic procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAE.ML.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Root canal therapy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Endodontic procedure\" in SNOMED is a broad category that encompasses root canal therapy, pulp capping, pulpectomy, apexification, and other pulp/root interventions, whereas KAE.ML.AC is specifically root canal therapy. ICHI does not have a parent \"endodontic procedures\" grouping code, so the most representative assignable code is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "449422005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic removal of calculus from biliary tract" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCM.JE.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extraction of calculus from bile duct via endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KCM.JE.AD specifies extraction via ERCP, which is narrower than the SNOMED concept covering any endoscopic approach to remove a calculus from anywhere in the biliary tract; additionally, the ICHI code targets the bile duct specifically rather than the full biliary tract." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "39250009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Enucleation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BZA.JK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Enucleation of eyeball" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Enucleation\" is a general procedure concept covering enucleation of any structure (eye, tumour, cyst, etc.), while BZA.JK.AA specifically refers to enucleation of the eyeball only. The ICHI code is more specific than the broad SNOMED term, though eyeball enucleation is by far the most common clinical referent; no general \"enucleation\" code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "401212003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Fecal screening procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG5WC5" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Faecal immunochemical test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"fecal screening procedure\" is a broad category covering any screening performed on faecal samples (including guaiac FOBT, FIT, starch test, etc.), whereas XG5WC5 specifically refers only to the faecal immunochemical test (FIT), making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept; no broader ICHI \"faecal screening\" category exists." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "281568006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Fetal heart monitoring" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMR.AI.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Internal fetal monitoring" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NMR.AI.AC describes internal (invasive, intrapartum) fetal monitoring via a scalp electrode, which is a subset of fetal heart monitoring; the broader SNOMED concept includes both external cardiotocography and internal monitoring, but NMR.AI.AC is the most specific fetal-heart-directed code available in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "116249002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Gastrointestinal tract incision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBF.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Gastrotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's gastrotomy code captures incision of the stomach but the SNOMED concept spans incision of any GI segment; using the stomach-only code is more specific than the SNOMED parent concept, and no single assignable code covers incision across the whole GI tract." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "265293008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Goniopuncture" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BBE.LI.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Goniopuncture without goniotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Goniopuncture\" is generic and encompasses all goniopuncture variants, while the only ICHI goniopuncture code (BBE.LI.AC) specifically represents the \"without goniotomy\" subtype, making the ICHI code narrower than the broader SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "165197003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Diagnostic assessment" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZB.AA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "General health assessment" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Diagnostic assessment\" is extremely broad, covering any diagnostic evaluation of any kind, while ICHI's \"General health assessment\" is scoped specifically to whole-person health assessment, making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "363158006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of ear" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "CAA.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of external ear, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's closest generic ear incision code is restricted to the external ear, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Incision of ear\" is broader and encompasses external, middle, and inner ear; dedicated incision codes for the middle ear and tympanic membrane (myringotomy) also exist but represent more specific targets rather than the general concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "30617006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of nervous system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ACA.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of peripheral nerve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single generic \"incision of nervous system\" code; the closest assignable codes are site-specific (cranial nerve, peripheral nerve, spinal series), so no code covers the full nervous system scope of the SNOMED concept, making any single ICHI code narrower — ACA.FA.AA is the most representative general-nerve incision available." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "30683004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of palate" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAS.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of soft palate" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI provides an incision code only for the soft palate; there is no equivalent code for the hard palate, and no combined \"palate\" incision category exists, so the ICHI code is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept which covers both soft and hard palate." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "77248004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Infection control procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZB.VE.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Isolation of a person for infection control" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Infection control procedure\" is a broad concept encompassing any clinical procedure performed to prevent spread of infection, while PZB.VE.ZZ is the most clinically concrete individual-level infection control intervention in ICHI (isolation of a whole person); the ICHI code is narrower — the SNOMED concept encompasses a wider set of procedures beyond just isolation." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "287380006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Inner ear fenestration" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "CCA.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Fenestration of inner ear with graft" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "CCA.ML.AA is the only ICHI code for inner ear fenestration and matches the anatomical site and procedure type precisely. However, it specifies \"with graft,\" making it more specific than the SNOMED concept, which does not imply a graft is necessarily used." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233433004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of intraluminal device into vein" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ICD.DL.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of upper limb" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a generic, site-unspecified insertion of an intraluminal device into any vein; ICHI encodes vein device insertions only at specific anatomical vein locations (upper limb, thorax, head/neck, etc.), making any specific ICHI code narrower in anatomical scope. ICD.DL.AF is selected as the best single assignable code for the most common clinical scenario (peripheral IV line)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "107878006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Integumentary system excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LZZ.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for all excision procedures on the integumentary system, whereas LZZ.JI.AA specifically represents local excision; the full family of excision codes would be needed to cover the SNOMED concept, making any single pick narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "45350003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intracranial endoscopy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAE.AE.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ventriculoscopy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"intracranial endoscopy\" category; the closest endoscopic intracranial examination code is ventriculoscopy (AAE.AE.AB), which is narrower — it covers endoscopy of the cerebral ventricles only, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any endoscopic inspection within the cranial cavity." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386337006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intrapartal care" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.AI.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Monitoring of delivery" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Intrapartal care\" is a broad SNOMED concept encompassing all clinical care provided during active labour and delivery, while NME.AI.AH covers only the monitoring component of delivery; the ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept, but no single ICHI code captures the full scope of intrapartal care." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "235419001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intubation of gastrointestinal tract" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBA.DL.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of device into oesophagus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KBA.DL.AC is scoped specifically to the oesophagus, whereas the SNOMED concept covers intubation of the entire gastrointestinal tract (oesophagus, stomach, intestines); no broader GI-tract-level intubation or device-insertion code exists in ICHI, making this the best available code but narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "78823007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Life support procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HT2.MC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Life support procedure\" in SNOMED is a broad category encompassing mechanical ventilation, CPR, cardiac monitoring, and other resuscitative measures, whereas HT2.MC.AH refers specifically to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. No single ICHI code covers the full scope of \"life support,\" making CPR the most representative but narrower match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119952002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Lymphatic system repair" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DFO.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of lymphatic vessels" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Repair of lymphatic vessels\" is the closest specific ICHI code and directly captures surgical repair intent, but it is narrower than the SNOMED grouper because it covers only lymphatic vessels — not repair of lymph nodes or thoracic duct." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "719070009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of cardiac implant" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.SN.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Cardiac implant\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering any implanted cardiac device (pacemaker, defibrillator, VAD, CRT device, etc.), whereas HFC.SN.AA is specific to pacemaker or defibrillator systems only. Adjacent codes such as HZZ.SN.AA (Management of cardiac assist device) cover other cardiac implants, but no single ICHI code represents management of all cardiac implants, making HFC.SN.AA the best single match for the most common cardiac implant type." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "237005005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual procedure for malpresentation or position" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMR.LD.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "External version of fetus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad category encompassing any manual obstetric procedure for fetal malpresentation or malposition (including external version, internal version, rotation), while NMR.LD.AH covers only external cephalic version; there is also NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) but neither code individually captures the full breadth of the SNOMED concept, making NMR.LD.AH the best single match albeit narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "266784003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual replacement of inverted postnatal uterus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.LD.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual repositioning of inverted uterus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept restricts the procedure to the postnatal (postpartum) context, while ICHI NME.LD.AC covers manual repositioning of an inverted uterus in any clinical setting, making the ICHI code broader and thus the SNOMED concept narrower within it." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "285409006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Medical termination of pregnancy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.DB.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Termination of pregnancy by oral medication" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"medical termination of pregnancy\" refers broadly to medication-induced (non-surgical) termination, whereas NME.DB.AC specifies the oral route of administration specifically. The ICHI code is narrower because it captures only the oral medication subtype, while other medication routes (e.g., vaginal, parenteral) would also fall under the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "229423009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mobilization of the thorax" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MBG.PB.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mobilisation of thoracic spine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The thorax includes the rib cage, sternum, and costovertebral joints in addition to the thoracic vertebral column, so the SNOMED concept is broader than ICHI's code which covers only the thoracic spine. No ICHI code exists for mobilisation of the thoracic cage as a whole." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "107737002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Musculoskeletal system excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRM.JJ.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Excision of muscle of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Musculoskeletal system excision\" is a wide SNOMED grouper covering excision of any musculoskeletal structure (bone, joint, muscle, tendon, cartilage, etc.), whereas MRM.JJ.AA is limited to muscle excision at an unspecified site. No single ICHI assignable code covers excision across the entire musculoskeletal system; the block BlockL3-MAA would be the structural alternative, but MRM.JJ.AA is the most specific assignable category that approximates the concept when interpreted as excision of muscle." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "107742005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Musculoskeletal system manipulation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRJ.PA.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manipulation of joint of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI encodes manipulation of joints at unspecified site (MRJ.PA.AH), and all musculoskeletal manipulation codes found are joint-specific — no separate ICHI codes exist for manipulation of muscle, bone, or soft tissue in isolation. The SNOMED concept is broader, covering any musculoskeletal manipulation, while MRJ.PA.AH is more specific to joints, making it narrower but the best available match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119574004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Musculoskeletal system repair" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRM.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of muscle of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED 119574004 is a broad grouping concept covering repair of any musculoskeletal structure (muscle, bone, joint, tendon). ICHI has separate repair codes by tissue type; MRM.MK.AA (repair of muscle, unspecified site) is the most general tissue-type repair code found, but it covers only muscle, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code encompasses repair across all musculoskeletal structures." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119576002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Musculoskeletal system transposition" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRM.LJ.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Transposition\" in musculoskeletal surgery predominantly refers to repositioning of muscles or tendons; MRM.LJ.AA (muscle transfer or transplantation, unspecified site) is the closest ICHI match. However, the SNOMED concept is broader — it can encompass transposition of any musculoskeletal structure — while ICHI limits this code to muscle, and no equivalent code exists for tendon or bone transposition at an unspecified site." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119600000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Neck manipulation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAJ.PA.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manipulation of head or neck joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MAJ.PA.AH is the closest assignable ICHI manipulation code covering the neck region, but it is limited to joint manipulation (plus MBA.PA.AH for cervical spine). The SNOMED concept is a broader grouper covering manipulation of any neck structure (soft tissue, vascular, musculoskeletal), making the ICHI code narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119592007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Neck repair" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAM.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Myorrhaphy of head or neck" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI codes neck repair only at the individual tissue level (e.g., MAM.MK.AA for muscle, LAA.MK.AA for skin/subcutaneous tissue, MAJ.ML.AA for joint reconstruction), with no single assignable grouper for all neck repairs. MAM.MK.AA (myorrhaphy) represents one specific tissue type and is therefore narrower than the broad SNOMED grouper concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "78746004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Neurostimulation procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAA.SC.BP" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Stimulation of the brain using electric fields" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Neurostimulation procedure\" is a broad SNOMED concept covering electrical stimulation of any neural structure (brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves). ICHI has multiple site-specific stimulation codes (brain, cranial nerve, spinal nerve, peripheral nerve); no single ICHI code covers all neurostimulation — the best available code (AAA.SC.BP) is narrower, limited to brain stimulation via electric fields." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108294005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nuclear medicine diagnostic procedure on cardiovascular system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HTC.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Myocardial perfusion scan" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HTC.BA.BE is the only cardiovascular nuclear medicine imaging code in ICHI (BA = imaging, BE = nuclear/radionuclide means, under the block for functions involved in supplying blood to the heart), but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all nuclear medicine diagnostics across the full cardiovascular system rather than being restricted to myocardial perfusion specifically." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108106008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Obstetrics destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMR.GA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's \"Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery\" is a specific and clinically precise match — obstetric destructive procedures are performed on the fetus to resolve obstructed delivery. The SNOMED concept is a broader grouper, making the ICHI code narrower, but in practice this is the primary obstetric destructive procedure type." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "29078006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on cul-de-sac" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMH.JB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Culdocentesis" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Cul-de-sac\" in gynaecological context refers to the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas); NMH.JB.AE is the only ICHI code that explicitly names a cul-de-sac procedure, but it is narrower than the broader SNOMED concept which encompasses any operation on the cul-de-sac." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "89812006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on hymen" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMH.JJ.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Hymenectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI contains only one hymen-specific code (NMH.JJ.AC, hymenectomy — excision of the hymen), whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on the hymen; the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the broad SNOMED grouping." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "303775004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on oral frenum" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAB.FB.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Lingual fraenotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"operation on oral frenum\" code; the closest assignable category is KAB.FB.AC (lingual fraenotomy), which is more specific than the SNOMED grouper in both anatomical site (lingual only, not labial) and procedure type (fraenotomy only). No broader oral frenum block exists in ICHI, so this narrower category is the best available match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "236991000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation to facilitate delivery" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MKB.FA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Pubiotomy to assist delivery" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI contains no generic code for \"operation to facilitate delivery\" as a category; MKB.FA.AC (pubiotomy to assist delivery) is one specific surgical procedure done to facilitate delivery and is the closest named ICHI code with that explicit intent — making it narrower than the broad SNOMED concept. Alternative ICHI codes (e.g., NMR.GA.AC for fetal destructive operation, NMR.LD.AH for external version) each capture only one sub-type of facilitation, none covering the full SNOMED scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "3133002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Patient discharge, deceased, autopsy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.AE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Autopsy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers a composite administrative-plus-procedural event (discharge of a deceased patient with an autopsy performed), whereas ICHI's PZA.AE.AA codes only the autopsy procedure itself, leaving the discharge disposition unrepresented; the ICHI code is therefore more specific to one component and narrower in administrative scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "309433007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Patient warming therapy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.SD.BQ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Warming of central body temperature" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PZA.SD.BQ specifically addresses warming of the central (core) body temperature, which is the primary clinical intent of patient warming therapy (e.g., active rewarming in hypothermia or perioperative normothermia maintenance); if peripheral warming is also intended, PZX.SD.BQ would supplement, making the single code slightly narrower than the full SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "24394009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty of heart" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HDF.LG.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of mitral valve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is intentionally non-specific (any heart valve), while ICHI provides only valve-specific codes (aortic HDE.LG.AF, mitral HDF.LG.AF, pulmonary HDG.LG.AF, tricuspid HDH.LG.AF); the mitral valve code is selected as representative since mitral balloon valvuloplasty is the most clinically common application, but any single ICHI valve code is more specific than the generic SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "415070008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous coronary intervention" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIA.LG.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"percutaneous coronary intervention\" is a broad umbrella term encompassing balloon angioplasty, stenting, atherectomy, and other catheter-based coronary procedures, whereas ICHI HIA.LG.AF specifically describes balloon angioplasty (PTCA) only; this makes the ICHI code more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED source concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "428389001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal ablation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.GA.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI encodes percutaneous transluminal ablation only for the cardiac conduction system (HFC.GA.AF), whereas the SNOMED concept is procedure-type generic (no target organ specified), making the ICHI code more specific/narrower. No general non-organ-specific percutaneous transluminal ablation code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "609165007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal laser ablation of vein" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IFD.GA.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Endovenous destruction via laser (endovenous laser ablation) of a lower limb vein is the predominant clinical context for this ICHI code, and the action (destruction/ablation) and endovascular route align well; however, the SNOMED concept refers to any vein without anatomical restriction, while IFD.GA.AF is specific to lower limb veins, making the ICHI code narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "401306006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Phacoemulsification of lens and insertion of intraocular lens" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BBF.JK.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Phacoemulsification of lens" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept describes the full standard cataract surgery combining phacoemulsification with IOL implantation; ICHI separates these into BBF.JK.AE (phacoemulsification) and BBF.ML.AA (insertion of prosthetic lens), so the single best code covers only the phaco step and is therefore narrower than the combined SNOMED procedure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "82918005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Positron emission tomography" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.BA.BG" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Positron emission tomography of whole body" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a generic PET procedure with no body-region qualifier, while ICHI's only unspecified-anatomy PET code is anchored to the whole-body target (PZA). Body-region-specific PET codes (brain, pituitary, lymphatics) exist in ICHI but would be more specific still; PZA.BA.BG is the closest general-purpose mapping but is more specific than the SNOMED concept because it explicitly names whole body." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "70989006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Postoperative control of hemorrhage of tonsils" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DAA.LA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Control of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI specifies control of haemorrhage specifically after tonsillectomy, whereas the SNOMED concept is broader and covers any postoperative hemorrhage of the tonsils regardless of the prior procedure type. The ICHI code is thus more specific in its surgical context." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "238297001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure for peritoneal lesion" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KMA.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a high-level category encompassing any procedure targeting a peritoneal lesion (excision, destruction, drainage, etc.), whereas KMA.JI.AA is restricted to local excision only; the ICHI code is more specific than the broad SNOMED category, though it represents the most clinically typical intervention for a peritoneal lesion." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "118807008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure on artery of head and neck" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BlockL5-IBA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Interventions on artery of head and neck, extracranial" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The closest ICHI block (BlockL5-IBA) specifies \"extracranial\" arteries of the head and neck, whereas the SNOMED concept is unrestricted and would also encompass intracranial arteries (covered separately in ICHI under BlockL5-IAA). The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "118843002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure on perirectal tissue" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBW.JB.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Drainage of rectum and perirectal area" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "No ICHI block or grouper covers all procedures on perirectal tissue; the only ICHI code that explicitly references perirectal tissue is KBW.JB.AA, which is restricted to drainage only. This single code is much narrower than the SNOMED grouper." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "118852006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure on perirenal tissue" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAA.FC.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Release of perirenal adhesions" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI contains no block for interventions on perirenal tissue; the only codes that explicitly reference perirenal tissue are NAA.FC.AA and its laparoscopic variant, both limited to release of adhesions. Considerably narrower than the SNOMED grouper." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "697946005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Puncture of liver" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCA.AD.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous biopsy of liver" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no explicit \"puncture of liver\" code; the closest match is KCA.AD.AE (percutaneous biopsy of liver), which represents the most common clinical reason for a liver puncture with a needle. The ICHI code is narrower because it specifically implies a diagnostic tissue sampling purpose, while the SNOMED concept is a broader procedural act that could also serve therapeutic or other purposes." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "32012009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radioisotope scan of head" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAA.BA.BF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "A radioisotope scan of the head could encompass brain, skull, soft tissue, or other structures, but the closest and most clinically meaningful ICHI code targets the brain specifically via SPECT (the dominant radionuclide imaging modality for the head); ICHI is narrower in anatomical scope (brain only) and technique (SPECT only)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "24998001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radionuclide ablation of thyroid gland" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "EBA.GA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "EBA.GA.BE specifically refers to destruction using radioactive iodine (I-131), which is the overwhelmingly predominant method of radionuclide thyroid ablation; the SNOMED concept \"radionuclide ablation\" is modality-neutral and could in principle include other radionuclides, so the ICHI code is slightly narrower, but in clinical practice the two are virtually equivalent." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "38915000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radionuclide therapy for gland ablation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "EBA.GA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of thyroid gland, using radioactive iodine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering radionuclide ablation of any gland, whereas ICHI's EBA.GA.BE is specific to radioactive iodine destruction of the thyroid gland, which is by far the most common and clinically predominant instance of this procedure. The ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "450676000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reconstruction of intraarticular ligament" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MML.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Intraarticular ligaments are most commonly the cruciate ligaments of the knee, and MML.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for ligament reconstruction, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because \"intraarticular ligament\" is not knee-specific and could apply to intraarticular ligaments of other joints; no generic intraarticular ligament reconstruction code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "173379003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of lesion of palate" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAS.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion or tissue of soft palate" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept refers to the palate without specifying hard or soft, while ICHI only offers site-specific codes for soft palate (KAS.JI.AA) and hard palate (KAT.JI.AA) separately. KAS.JI.AA is selected as the closest option but covers only the soft palate, making it narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "363284008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of lesion of urinary tract" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion of bladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers the entire urinary tract (kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra), while ICHI has separate site-specific codes for each structure with no single code spanning the whole tract. NAI.JI.AA (bladder) is selected as the most clinically common site for urinary tract lesion removal, but it is narrower than the broader SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "43810009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of thrombus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HAZ.JE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Thrombectomy from atrium" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no site-unspecified thrombectomy code; HAZ.JE.AA is the least site-specific thrombectomy code available in ICHI, but it is still restricted to the atrium, making it narrower than the broadly-scoped SNOMED concept of thrombus removal from any anatomical site." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "69888009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of pharynx" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAR.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of oral pharynx" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"repair of pharynx\" code spanning all pharyngeal regions; KAR.MK.AA specifically refers to the oropharynx, while the SNOMED concept is non-specific and could apply to nasopharynx, oropharynx, or hypopharynx, making the ICHI code more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "103713001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of catheter" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.KA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no generic \"replacement of catheter\" code — the only catheter replacement code found is NAI.KA.AC, which is restricted to indwelling urinary catheters; this is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which applies to any catheter type in any location." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "69446009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Skeletal traction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MBZ.LC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Direct or skeletal traction to the spine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI contains only one explicit skeletal/direct traction code (MBZ.LC.AE), which is limited to the spine, whereas SNOMED's \"skeletal traction\" is a general procedure applicable to any skeletal site (femur, tibia, skull via halo, etc.). The ICHI code is therefore more specific (site-restricted) than the SNOMED concept, making it narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "472839005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Termination of pregnancy after first trimester" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.JE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Termination of pregnancy by hysterotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept identifies pregnancy termination by timing (after first trimester) without specifying method, whereas NME.JE.AA narrows to a specific surgical method (hysterotomy) used primarily in later terminations; the other ICHI termination code (NME.DB.AC, oral medication) is also narrower and less representative of post-first-trimester practice." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "117021008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Test strip method" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG4F04" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Urinalysis test strips" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "XG4F04 specifically refers to urinalysis test strips, whereas the SNOMED concept \"test strip method\" is a general methodological category covering any test-strip-based analysis (urine, blood glucose, etc.); the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "57942008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Therapeutic electrical stimulation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AXA.SC.BP" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Electrical stimulation for pain" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad, body-site-agnostic category for any therapeutic electrical stimulation, whereas ICHI's AXA.SC.BP is specific to electrical stimulation for pain management; ICHI captures this concept only through site- or function-specific codes, making any single ICHI selection narrower than the broad SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "448029001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Traction of spine using skull traction device" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MBZ.LC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Direct or skeletal traction to the spine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MBZ.LC.AE covers direct/skeletal traction to the vertebral column and is the only spine-traction code in ICHI; it is broader than the SNOMED concept, which specifies use of a skull traction device (halo/Crutchfield tongs/skull tongs) as the means. Note that MAA.DL.AA (\"Insertion of skull tongs or halo traction device\") captures only the device-insertion step, not the traction intervention itself, so MBZ.LC.AE is the better functional match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "708862000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transcatheter embolization of head and neck vessel" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IBA.LA.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of head and neck" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "IBA.LA.AF covers embolisation of the artery of the head and neck via endovascular (transcatheter) approach, which is the dominant clinical use case; however, the SNOMED concept says \"vessel\" (encompassing both arteries and veins), whereas the ICHI code is restricted to arteries — IBD.LA.AF covers veins of head and neck separately — making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "448527005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transcatheter oily chemoembolization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IEA.LA.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "TACE (transarterial chemoembolization with Lipiodol/oil) is a specific subtype of endovascular embolisation targeting the hepatic artery (a branch of the abdominal/pelvic artery group); ICHI has no dedicated TACE code and IEA.LA.AF is the closest endovascular embolisation code, but it is broader — it covers all abdominal/pelvic artery embolisations and does not capture the chemotherapy-loaded oily agent component unique to TACE." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "275222009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transcervical sampling of chorionic villus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMM.AH.XH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Tissue specimen collection from placenta, amnion or cord" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Transcervical chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a tissue specimen collection from the placenta (chorionic villi are placental tissue), which maps well to NMM.AH.XH; ICHI is broader — it covers all routes (transcervical, transabdominal) and all placental/amniotic/cord tissue collections — whereas the SNOMED concept is specific to the transcervical route for prenatal diagnosis." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "391366006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Treponema screening test" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG7779" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Antibodies to T. pallidum" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "XG7779 is a treponemal antibody test (specific serological detection of Treponema pallidum), which represents one of the main methods used in Treponema screening; however, the SNOMED concept is broader as it covers the overall screening activity rather than one specific test methodology, and ICHI also has separate codes for haemagglutination (XG4RM4) and particle agglutination (XG8NJ2) variants." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119595009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Trunk destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LAB.GA.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of all destructive procedures on the trunk across any tissue layer (skin, muscle, viscera, bone). ICHI code LAB.GA.AH covers only destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, making it a specific subset of the SNOMED concept; no single ICHI code spans all trunk tissue types for a destructive action." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119583009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Trunk excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LAB.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"Trunk excision\" is a broad parent concept covering excision of any tissue within the trunk region, whereas ICHI LAB.JI.AA is restricted to local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk only; no single ICHI assignable code covers excision of the trunk as a whole across all tissue types." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119580007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Trunk incision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LAB.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"Trunk incision\" is a broad grouping encompassing incision of any structure in the trunk, while ICHI LAB.FA.AA specifies incision limited to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the trunk; deeper trunk incisions (e.g., laparotomy, thoracotomy) are coded under organ-specific ICHI blocks, so no single assignable ICHI code corresponds to the full breadth of the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "711306005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasonography of body cavity structure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KMA.BA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound of peritoneal cavity" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no generic \"body cavity\" ultrasound code; codes are specific to individual cavities (peritoneal, pleural, thoracic, etc.). KMA.BA.BJ covers only the peritoneal cavity, making it narrower than the SNOMED grouper concept that encompasses any body cavity structure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108288002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound procedure on topographic region" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PAK.BA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound of abdomen" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI encodes topographic-region ultrasound as separate site-specific codes (abdomen PAK.BA.BJ, thorax PAE.BA.BJ, head/neck PAB.BA.BJ, etc.) rather than a single grouper; PAK.BA.BJ is the most representative of these but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which covers ultrasound on any topographic region without specifying which one." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274504000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Umbilical vessel catheterization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IED.DL.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal insertion of catheter into umbilical vein" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers catheterization of any umbilical vessel (both umbilical artery and umbilical vein), whereas the only specific ICHI code found is IED.DL.AF which covers only the umbilical vein; ICHI does not have a parallel code for umbilical artery catheterization, so the best available ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "55531006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Urethrostomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAM.LI.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Perineal urethrostomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Urethrostomy\" is a general term covering any surgical creation of a urethral opening/stoma, while NAM.LI.AF specifies the perineal approach. This is the only urethrostomy code in the ICHI urethra block, making it narrower than the broader SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119659008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Wrist destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MFJ.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any destructive procedure in the wrist region (joint, bone, cartilage, soft tissue), while MFJ.GA.AA is specifically restricted to destruction of lesion or tissue of the wrist joint, making ICHI narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "241741007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Active cooling of patient" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.SE.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cooling of central body temperature" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PZA.SE.ZZ specifically targets central (core) body temperature cooling, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Active cooling of patient\" is broader and includes peripheral or whole-body cooling by any means; PZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature) also exists, confirming that ICHI splits what SNOMED expresses as a single unspecified concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "117095008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Administration of Vaccinia immune globulin, human" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DTB.DB.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intravenous administration of immunological agent" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) is a specific immunological agent typically administered intravenously, so DTB.DB.AF captures the substance class (immunological agent) and the standard route (IV) for VIG. The ICHI code is narrower because it locks in the intravenous route, whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify a route; however, DTB.DB.AF is the best available fit given that VIG is a human immunoglobulin preparation and IV is its standard administration route." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "243185007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Advanced life support" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HT2.MC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Advanced life support (ALS) is a broader concept than CPR alone — it encompasses airway management, defibrillation, IV drug administration, and other resuscitation techniques in addition to CPR; HT2.MC.AH (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is therefore narrower than the full scope of ALS. No ICHI code representing the complete ALS bundle exists, making this the best available approximation." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "444565005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Advancement of muscle" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BDA.LK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Advancement of extraocular muscle" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's only code explicitly titled \"Advancement of [a] muscle\" is BDA.LK.AA, which is restricted to extraocular muscles. The SNOMED concept is a generic, body-site-unspecified procedure that would encompass muscle advancement anywhere in the body, so the ICHI code is narrower in anatomical scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274295008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Anal examination" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBX.AE.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Digital examination of anus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"anal examination\" is a broad category encompassing digital, visual, and instrumental examination of the anus, whereas KBX.AE.AC is specifically limited to digital (finger) examination, making ICHI narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "112803004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Aneurysmectomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HBA.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of left ventricular aneurysm" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"aneurysmectomy\" code spanning all anatomical sites; the only named aneurysm-excision/repair codes found are HBA.MK.AA (left ventricular) and HBB.MK.AA (right ventricular), both anatomically specific subsets of the broad SNOMED concept. HBA.MK.AA is listed as a representative example." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "34945008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Angiocardiography" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HZZ.BA.BB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Combined right and left heart angiocardiography" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Angiocardiography\" is a generic/unspecified procedure (imaging of the heart chambers and great vessels), while HZZ.BA.BB specifies both right and left heart; the sibling codes HZA.BA.BB and HZB.BA.BB cover left-only and right-only variants, but none exactly represents the unspecified SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "182764009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Anticoagulant therapy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DTA.DB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of anticoagulant" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "DTA.DB.AE specifically describes percutaneous injection of an anticoagulant, which is narrower than the broader SNOMED concept of anticoagulant therapy that encompasses all routes (oral, IV, subcutaneous) and ongoing therapeutic management. No route-agnostic anticoagulant administration code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119638001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Arm destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LAE.GA.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Arm destructive procedure\" is a high-level SNOMED grouper concept that could encompass destruction of any tissue type in the arm (bone, muscle, nerve, skin, vessels, etc.), whereas LAE.GA.AH specifically covers only skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb, making ICHI narrower than the SNOMED concept; no single ICHI code covers all tissue-type destructive procedures of the upper limb simultaneously." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "733873006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of circulatory system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HT2.AA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HT2.AA.ZZ targets cardiovascular function specifically, while the SNOMED concept encompasses the full circulatory system (including peripheral vascular and lymphatic components). The ICHI code is more specific to cardiovascular function, making it narrower than the broader SNOMED concept, though it is the best available single-code match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "713132000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of drug use" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "VAC.AA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of illicit drug use behaviours" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers assessment of any drug use (illicit, prescription, or over-the-counter), whereas VAC.AA.ZZ is restricted to illicit drug use behaviours, making the ICHI code narrower in scope than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "287294005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Atrial appendage excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HAA.JJ.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Thoracoscopic excision of left atrial appendage" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HAA.JJ.AB specifies thoracoscopic approach and the left atrial appendage only, while the SNOMED concept \"Atrial appendage excision\" is approach-agnostic and does not lateralise to left; it is the most precise available ICHI code for this procedure and is narrower than the generic SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "413114008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Autologous chondrocyte implantation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MMC.KD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has codes for chondrocyte cell transplantation at specific joint sites (knee, elbow, wrist, ankle), but none at an unspecified or generic site; the knee (MMC.KD.AA) is the most clinically common site for autologous chondrocyte implantation and is therefore selected, making the ICHI code narrower than the site-unspecified SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "243179000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Basic life support" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HT2.MC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Basic life support (BLS) encompasses CPR plus airway management and automated external defibrillation, while HT2.MC.AH specifically codes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (chest compressions plus rescue breaths), making the ICHI code slightly narrower in scope as it does not fully capture the broader BLS bundle including AED use and airway maneuvers." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274448007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biliary lithotripsy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCM.GA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the bile duct" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Biliary lithotripsy\" in SNOMED is a general concept covering lithotripsy anywhere in the biliary system (including gallbladder), whereas KCM.GA.BJ specifies the bile duct only; the ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept. The closest gallbladder equivalent KCF.GA.BJ also exists, but neither alone covers the full biliary scope of the SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119929001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biliary tract destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCM.GA.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad category for any destructive procedure on the biliary tract, whereas KCM.GA.AD is specific to endoscopic destruction of a lesion of the biliary duct; there is no unspecified-approach biliary destruction code in ICHI, and this code does not cover the gallbladder component of the biliary tract. KCM.GA.AF (percutaneous destruction of bile ducts) is an alternative but KCM.GA.AD is a closer functional match for the most common clinical context." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119922005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biliary tract endoscopy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCM.AE.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic exploration of common bile duct" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers endoscopy of the entire biliary tract, while KCM.AE.AD is restricted to endoscopic exploration of the common bile duct specifically; no single ICHI code covers biliary tract endoscopy in general, making this an inexact but best-available match. The broader block BlockL5-KCM (Interventions on bile duct) could also be assigned if a category-level match is considered too narrow." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "430112000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of meninges" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAC.AD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of cerebral meninges" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers meninges generically (both cerebral and spinal), whereas ICHI separates these into distinct codes — AAC.AD.AA for cerebral meninges and ABC.AD.AA for spinal meninges. AAC.AD.AA is selected as the best single representative but is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "175189006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of pericardium" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFF.AD.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous biopsy of pericardium" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI only offers a percutaneous approach variant for pericardial biopsy, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Biopsy of pericardium\" is approach-unspecified and could include open surgical biopsy. HFF.AD.AE is the sole pericardium biopsy code available and is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "372085008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Bone marrow imaging" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DGA.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Bone marrow radionucleide scan" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a generic grouper for all bone marrow imaging modalities, whereas the chosen ICHI code covers only radionuclide scanning specifically; DGA.BA.BH (MRI) is the only other option, so neither single assignable code covers the full breadth of the SNOMED grouper, making any pick narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "445951005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Bougienage of neck of urinary bladder" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAK.LG.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transurethral endoscopic dilatation of bladder neck" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAK.LG.AD is the only ICHI code for bladder neck dilatation and explicitly specifies the transurethral endoscopic approach, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "237375003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Breast biopsy and related procedures" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LCA.AD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of breast" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Biopsy of breast\" is the best fitting ICHI category, but the SNOMED term explicitly encompasses \"related procedures\" beyond biopsy alone, so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED grouper concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "231744001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cataract extraction, insertion of intraocular lens and trabeculectomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BBF.JK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extraction of lens" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (lens extraction + intraocular lens insertion + trabeculectomy), whereas BBF.JK.AA covers only the lens extraction component. ICHI has separate codes for lens extraction, prosthetic lens insertion (BBF.ML.AA), and partial excision of the anterior chamber (BBE.JJ.AA) for the trabeculectomy component, but no single code bundles all three; the best partial anchor code is BBF.JK.AA, making it narrower than the full SNOMED procedure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "118218001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cell count" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG4K56" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "White blood cell count" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Cell count\" is a generic, unspecified counting procedure that could apply to any cell type in any specimen, whereas XG4K56 specifically names white blood cell count. No generic \"cell count\" exists in ICHI's Essential Laboratory Tests block; XG4K56 is the closest enumeration-type test but is considerably more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1455007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cerclage" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMF.LL.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cerclage of internal cervical os" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Cerclage\" is anatomically general and could encompass cervical cerclage as well as cerclage of other structures such as the anus (KBX.LL.AC), whereas NMF.LL.AC specifically denotes transvaginal cerclage of the internal cervical os, which is by far the most common clinical procedure intended by this term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "80556006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Chemical test for occult blood" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG5WC5" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Faecal immunochemical test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "XG5WC5 specifically represents the faecal immunochemical test (FIT), which is one type of chemical test for occult blood; the SNOMED concept is broader, covering all chemical occult blood tests (including guaiac-based tests), making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "413815006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Chest imaging" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBF.BA.BA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "X-ray of lung, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI is organised by specific anatomical target rather than by region such as \"chest\"; JBF.BA.BA covers plain x-ray of the lung parenchyma, which is the most common and prototypical chest imaging procedure. However, \"chest imaging\" is broader than lung x-ray alone — it encompasses mediastinum, pleura, thoracic vessels, and multiple modalities — so this ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "252686005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Clinical genitourinary medicine test" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG7T46" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Qualitative test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Clinical genitourinary medicine\" is the specialty dealing with sexually transmitted infections; XG7T46 is the closest ICHI essential laboratory test targeting common STI pathogens. The SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing the full range of GUM tests, so the ICHI code is narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "410214000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Communication care assessment" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SFA.AA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Assessment of speaking" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's \"Assessment of speaking\" (SFA.AA.ZZ) is a reasonable functional match for a communication care assessment, but it is narrower — limited to speaking specifically, while the SNOMED concept covers the broader domain of communication (which includes listening, writing, and non-verbal means). A higher-level block such as \"Interventions on communication\" exists but has no assignable assessment code at that level." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "410216003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Communication care management" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SFA.PH.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Training in speaking" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Training in speaking\" (SFA.PH.ZZ) captures the rehabilitative/management aspect of communication care but is narrower than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses the full management of communication broadly (across all modalities and functions), not just speaking training." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "313129006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Constant direct current therapy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LZZ.SC.BP" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Iontophoresis" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Iontophoresis is the primary clinical application of constant (galvanic) direct current for therapeutic purposes, making it the closest ICHI match; however, the SNOMED concept is slightly broader as constant direct current therapy also encompasses non-drug-delivery applications (e.g., wound healing, pain management) beyond iontophoresis strictly defined." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "78817002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Construction of anastomosis" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KZZ.LB.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Anastomosis of intestine, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a fully generic procedure applicable to any organ or vessel, whereas ICHI codes anastomosis only at specific organ/vessel levels with no single body-system-agnostic catch-all code; KZZ.LB.AA is the broadest intestinal NEC anastomosis code but it is still organ-restricted, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept's scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "225368008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Contact tracing" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZB.VC.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Infectious disease contact tracing" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PZB.VC.ZZ is semantically close but narrower than the SNOMED concept because the ICHI title specifies \"infectious disease\" contact tracing, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Contact tracing\" is not restricted to infectious disease contexts and could apply to any communicable or exposure situation." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "303668008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "CT of intrathoracic respiratory structures" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBF.BA.BC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Computerised tomography of lung, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single code spanning all intrathoracic respiratory structures; the best available code targets only lung parenchyma and is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "306728006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "CT of nervous system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAA.BA.BC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Computerised tomography of brain, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no CT code covering the whole nervous system; CT of brain is the closest available code but the SNOMED concept encompasses spinal cord and peripheral nervous system." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "446791005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Debridement of ankle region" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MNJ.JG.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Debridement of ankle joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI is specific to the ankle joint while the SNOMED region also includes surrounding skin and soft tissue." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "237374004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Debridement of breast" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LCA.JG.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Debridement of breast with incision" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI splits breast debridement by approach; this code restricts to the with-incision form whereas SNOMED is approach-unspecified." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "446032007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Debridement of upper limb" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LAE.JG.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI restricts to skin/SC tissue, while SNOMED covers any upper limb tissue." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1287687008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of fetus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMR.GA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of fetus to facilitate delivery" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code encodes the same action and target but adds the qualifier \"to facilitate delivery,\" restricting the clinical context to intrapartum feticide; the SNOMED concept is broader, covering fetal destruction in any context including termination." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "75255001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion of external ear" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "CAC.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of auricle of ear" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's code specifically targets the auricle (pinna), which is only one part of the external ear; the external auditory canal and other external ear structures are not covered." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "9895003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion of large intestine" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBP.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of colon" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KBP.GA.AA is scoped to the colon specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept covers the entire large intestine; the large intestine NEC block has no corresponding GA destruction code." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "173381001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion of palate" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAT.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of hard palate" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI separates the palate into soft and hard with distinct destruction codes; KAT.GA.AA most closely mirrors \"destruction of lesion\" wording, but is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "45189000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion of stomach" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBF.GA.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's only destruction-of-lesion code for the stomach specifies the endoscopic approach, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which is approach-agnostic." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "27711007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destructive procedure on heart" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ablation of cardiac conduction system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no generic \"destructive procedure on heart\" code; the best available match is HFC.GA.AA (Ablation of cardiac conduction system), narrower because it targets only the conducting system rather than any cardiac structure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "122441001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Detection of parasite" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG8RM3" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Plasmodium spp." ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept broadly covers detection of any parasite, while ICHI's most applicable laboratory code (XG8RM3) is specific to Plasmodium (the malaria parasite). XG8RM3 is therefore narrower — it represents only one type of parasite test within the broader SNOMED category." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "122442008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Detection of virus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG4U02" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Viral nucleic acid amplification test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a high-level generic category covering any method of viral detection, while XG4U02 is limited to nucleic acid amplification specifically; ICHI is more specific than the broad SNOMED concept, so the ICHI code is narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1230134005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Diet modified for uncooked food starch" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "UAB.DA.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Food modification" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Diet modified for uncooked food starch\" is a specific type of therapeutic dietary modification (prescribing a diet based on uncooked/raw starch, used in glycogen storage diseases), which falls squarely within food modification as a category. UAB.DA.ZZ (Food modification) is broader and the SNOMED concept is narrower than the ICHI code — it specifies the exact modification type while ICHI covers any food modification." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "72915000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Dilation of colon" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBP.LG.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation of colon" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KBP.LG.AD restricts the procedure to the endoscopic approach, while the SNOMED concept \"Dilation of colon\" is approach-neutral and could include intraoperative open dilatation or pneumatic dilatation by other means; no generic (approach-unspecified) colonic dilatation code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "63971008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Dilation of larynx" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JAN.LG.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation of larynx" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "JAN.LG.AD is the best available ICHI match for laryngeal dilation, but it specifies the endoscopic approach, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which is not approach-specific. No open or approach-unspecified laryngeal dilatation code exists in ICHI for this target." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "235337004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Dilation of stricture - large intestine" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBZ.LG.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is approach-neutral (any method of dilation), whereas the ICHI code specifies endoscopic approach (AD means axis), making ICHI narrower in approach; the \"not elsewhere classified\" qualifier and the absence of a non-endoscopic counterpart confirm the narrowing." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "40916003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Dilation of trachea" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBA.LG.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation of trachea" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept specifies tracheal dilation without constraining the approach, but the only assignable ICHI dilation-of-trachea code (JBA.LG.AD) encodes endoscopic means (AD), making ICHI more specific in technique than the SNOMED concept intends." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "14329006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Dilation of urinary bladder" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.LG.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation of the urinary bladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI NAI.LG.AD is the only dilatation code within the urinary bladder block, but it specifies the endoscopic means (AD), making it slightly more specific than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach; it is the best available match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "51884005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Division of trabeculae carneae cordis" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HBB.FB.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Division of right ventricular trabecular muscle" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept refers to division of trabeculae carneae of the heart in general (either ventricle), whereas the only ICHI code for this procedure specifies the right ventricle only, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "241009009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Drainage of the nail bed" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LBD.JB.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Drainage of nail bed of finger" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI splits nail bed drainage into finger (LBD.JB.AA) and toe (LBF.JB.AA) but has no digit-agnostic code; the chosen code is narrower than the unspecified-digit SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "128392000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ear excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "CZZ.JJ.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Partial excision of ear, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Ear excision\" in SNOMED is a general concept covering any excision of the ear, while CZZ.JJ.AA specifies partial excision; this is the best general ICHI match for unspecified ear excision and the ICHI code is more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "49187005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endarterectomy of aorta" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIH.JE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept refers to endarterectomy of the aorta without specifying a segment, encompassing thoracic and abdominal portions, while HIH.JE.AA is restricted to the abdominal aorta only; a separate thoracic code (HIG.JE.AA) exists, confirming the ICHI code is more specific and therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "44620006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endarterectomy of intracranial artery" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IAA.JE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endarterectomy of intracranial artery, open approach" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "IAA.JE.AA matches the target artery exactly but specifies an open approach in the means axis (AA = open), whereas the SNOMED concept is not approach-restricted. The ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "302207003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilation of bile duct" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCM.LH.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into bile duct" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI is more specific than the SNOMED concept because it requires insertion of a device (e.g., stent or balloon), whereas the SNOMED term covers endoscopic dilation regardless of whether a device is placed. No plain endoscopic dilatation code without device insertion exists in the KCM block." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "447327009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilation of pharynx" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAR.LG.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation of oral pharynx" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept refers to the pharynx generically, but ICHI's endoscopic dilatation code is specific to the oral pharynx (oropharynx) rather than the pharynx as a whole; no equivalent code exists for hypopharynx or nasopharynx dilatation, making this a narrower match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "450516001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic extraction of calculus of kidney" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAA.JE.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Retrograde pyeloscopy with extraction of renal calculus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAA.JE.AD is more specific than the SNOMED concept, as it specifies retrograde pyeloscopy (ureteroscopic approach) whereas the SNOMED term encompasses any endoscopic route for renal calculus extraction; however, it is the most precise endoscopic calculus extraction code available in ICHI for the kidney." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "179867000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic repair of intra-articular ligament" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MML.MK.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"endoscopic/arthroscopic repair of intra-articular ligament\" code independent of joint; the most common clinical context is the knee (ACL/PCL). The ICHI code is narrower because SNOMED does not specify the joint." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "176007002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopy of intestinal conduit" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAN.AE.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopy of ileal conduit" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"intestinal conduit\" is a broader concept encompassing any bowel-derived urinary diversion conduit (ileal or colonic), whereas ICHI NAN.AE.AB specifies the ileal conduit only; the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "46662001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Examination of breast" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LCA.AE.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual examination of breast" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "LCA.AE.AH is the closest specific ICHI code and represents clinical physical examination of the breast, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it specifies the \"manual\" means, whereas the SNOMED term is agnostic about the examination method and could include imaging or other modalities." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "284393006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Examination of joint" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MLJ.AE.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Examination of hip joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has a physical examination code for the hip joint (MLJ.AE.AH) but no generic \"examination of joint\" code covering all joint types; the SNOMED concept is non-specific to any joint, making the ICHI code narrower. MLJ.AE.AH is the closest structural match but still represents only one joint." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274794006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Examination of nose" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JAA.AE.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Rhinoscopy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Rhinoscopy is a specific endoscopic/instrumental examination of the nasal cavity, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Examination of nose\" encompasses any form of examination including basic clinical inspection. The ICHI code therefore represents a more specific procedure than the broader SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "392147002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Excision of lesion of jaw bone" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAG.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion of mandible" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED's \"jaw bone\" encompasses both mandible and maxilla, whereas MAG.JI.AA is specific to the mandible only." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "287430001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Excision of lung or bronchus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBF.JK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Total excision of lung" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI separates lung excision (JBF) from bronchial excision (JBB); JBF.JK.AA covers only total lung excision, narrower than the broader SNOMED grouper covering both lung and bronchus excision." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "178306006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Excision or biopsy of mediastinal lymph node" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DFE.AD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of mediastinal lymph node" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a disjunction covering both excision and biopsy of the mediastinal lymph node, whereas the ICHI code covers only biopsy; the ICHI target is therefore more specific (narrower) than the SNOMED source. No single ICHI code combines excision and biopsy at this site." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "178303003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Excision or biopsy of scalene lymph node" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DFB.AD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of cervical lymph node" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The scalene lymph node is an anatomically specific deep cervical lymph node; ICHI classifies all cervical lymph node biopsies under DFB.AD.AA without distinguishing the scalene group. The ICHI target is narrower because it does not cover the excision arm of the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "5608002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Excretion measurement" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NTC.AB.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Measurement of urinary excretory functions" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Excretion measurement\" in SNOMED is a broad concept potentially covering urinary, faecal, and other excretory outputs, while NTC.AB.ZZ is restricted to urinary excretory functions only, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "363111003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Exploration of biliary system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCM.AE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Exploration of common bile duct" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers the entire biliary system (bile ducts, gallbladder, hepatic ducts), whereas KCM.AE.AA is specifically scoped to the common bile duct. The ICHI code is narrower as it does not capture exploration of the gallbladder or hepatic ducts." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "84555004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Exploration of blood vessel" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IZE.AE.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Angioscopy of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Exploration of blood vessel\" in SNOMED is a general procedure concept encompassing any exploratory approach (open incision, endoscopic, percutaneous), while IZE.AE.AF specifies angioscopy (endoscopic visual inspection) as the means, making the ICHI code more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "178771000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Exploration of spine" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ABG.AE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Exploration of spinal canal" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ABG.AE.AA exploration of spinal canal is the closest \"exploration\" code, but a more restricted anatomical target than the broader SNOMED concept \"spine\"." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "120086003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Eye excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BZA.JK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Enucleation of eyeball" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "BZA.JK.AA specifically refers to enucleation (complete removal of the eyeball by open approach), which is one type of eye excision; the SNOMED concept \"Eye excision\" is a broader category that could include evisceration, exenteration, or partial excision." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "389083005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Fecal impaction care" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBW.JB.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of impacted faeces" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KBW.JB.AC specifically describes the removal/disimpaction procedural act within the rectum, which is the core clinical intervention for fecal impaction care; however, \"fecal impaction care\" as a SNOMED concept is broader, potentially encompassing preparatory enemas, nursing management, dietary advice, and follow-up, whereas the ICHI code captures only the mechanical removal step." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119696004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Foot destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MOJ.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of joint of foot or toe" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any destructive procedure on the foot (bone, soft tissue, skin, joint), whereas MOJ.GA.AA is restricted to destruction within the joint of the foot or toe; no broader foot-level destruction category exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "178492001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Genioplasty" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAG.LL.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reduction genioplasty" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The unqualified SNOMED concept covers any genioplasty (reduction, augmentation, advancement); MAG.LL.AA is specifically reduction genioplasty, making the ICHI code more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1344719000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Grafting of tissue to foot" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MOB.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Bone graft to bone of foot or toe" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MOB.ML.AA is restricted to bone grafting to the bony structures of the foot/toe, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses grafting of any tissue type (soft tissue, skin, bone) to the foot." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1344724002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Grafting of tissue to forearm" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MFB.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Bone graft to forearm" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MFB.ML.AA covers bone grafting to the forearm, but the SNOMED concept is broader — \"grafting of tissue\" encompasses all tissue types (skin, muscle, bone), so the ICHI code captures only the osseous subset." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "287919006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Hand plastic operation with graft" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MGM.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Plastic operation on hand with graft of muscle" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code matches the SNOMED concept precisely in anatomical site (hand) and procedure type (plastic operation with graft), but narrows the graft tissue to muscle specifically, whereas the SNOMED concept is unspecified about graft type." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "418926001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Harvesting of stem cells" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DGA.JH.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Aspiration of bone marrow from donor for transplant" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "DGA.JH.AE is the closest ICHI code encoding procurement of haematopoietic stem cells (bone marrow aspiration from donor), but it is more specific than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all types of stem cell harvesting (including peripheral blood stem cell apheresis and cord blood collection)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "252275004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Hematology test" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG2XJ6" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Complete blood count automated" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Hematology test\" is a broad SNOMED category covering CBC, differential, blood film, coagulation and other blood investigations; XG2XJ6 refers specifically to automated CBC, the most representative hematology test but narrower than the full SNOMED scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119618002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Hip joint destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MLJ.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of hip joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MLJ.GA.AA specifically denotes destruction of a lesion or tissue of the hip joint, which is more specific than the SNOMED concept \"hip joint destructive procedure\" — a broader category-level term encompassing any destructive intervention at the hip joint. The ICHI code is thus narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108266002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Identification procedure for living organism" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG6201" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED's concept covers identification of any living organism across any method; XG6201 is restricted to bacteria and fungi only, making it narrower; nonetheless the closest ICHI code available." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "720364002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Imaging of central nervous system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BlockL6-AAA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Imaging interventions of the brain" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "BlockL6-AAA covers only brain imaging, not the full CNS which also includes the spinal cord, so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "442280004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Imaging of gastrointestinal tract" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KZZ.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KZZ.BA.BE is the only ICHI code naming the GI tract as a whole imaging target but is restricted to nuclear imaging, so the modality-agnostic SNOMED concept is broader." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "715959009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Imaging of pelvis" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MKB.BA.BH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has multiple modality-specific pelvis imaging codes but no single modality-agnostic code; MKB.BA.BH is the best single-code approximation but is narrower than the modality-unspecified SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "715623000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Imaging of peripheral nerve" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ACA.BA.BH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Magnetic resonance neurography, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ACA.BA.BH is specific to MR neurography (MRI modality), whereas the SNOMED concept covers imaging of peripheral nerve by any modality; the ICHI code is narrower because it locks in the MRI means." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "414457001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Imaging of soft tissue" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRS.BA.BH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Magnetic resonance imaging of soft tissue of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers imaging of soft tissue by any modality; MRS.BA.BH specifies the MRI modality, making it narrower in modality scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "414466002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Immunophenotyping" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG2GV7" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Lymphocyte subtype enumeration: CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD15/26 cells" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Immunophenotyping is a broad technique characterising cell surface markers on any haematological cell population; XG2GV7 captures only one specific lymphocyte CD subtype panel, making it narrower than the general SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "738768007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Implantation of auditory device" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "CCB.DN.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Implantation of cochlear prosthetic device" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "CCB.DN.AA specifically refers to cochlear implantation, whereas the SNOMED concept \"implantation of auditory device\" is broader and could include middle ear implants, BAHA, or auditory brainstem implants." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "392139002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of aorta" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIG.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of descending thoracic aorta" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"incision of aorta\" code covering all aortic segments; HIG.FA.AA is the only explicit aortic incision code and is more specific (limited to the descending thoracic aorta), making it narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept. IZA.FA.AA (incision of artery, NEC) was considered but HIG.FA.AA is anatomically closer." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "448444006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of intracranial vascular structure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IAA.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of intracranial artery" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any intracranial vascular structure (both artery and vein), whereas IAA.FA.AA is specific only to the intracranial artery. There is no ICHI code for incision of an intracranial vein, making IAA.FA.AA the closest available match but narrower than the SNOMED concept's full scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "11972005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of nerve" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "ACA.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of peripheral nerve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept refers to nerve incision generically (could encompass cranial, spinal, or peripheral nerves), whereas ACA.FA.AA is restricted to the peripheral nervous system; separate ICHI codes exist for cranial (AAN.FA.AA) and spinal nerves, so the peripheral nerve code is more specific than the SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "448013009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of pancreatic sphincter" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCO.FA.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Sphincterotomy (incision of a sphincter) matches the SNOMED concept, but the ICHI code specifies the endoscopic approach (AD), making it more specific than the approach-unspecified SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "65497008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of perineum" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PAW.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Episiotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PAW.FA.AA is the only incision code available under the perineum block in ICHI, and episiotomy specifically denotes an obstetric incision of the perineum during delivery, which is more specific than the broader SNOMED concept of any incision of the perineum." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "430457001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incisional biopsy of heart" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFD.AD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of myocardium" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no generic \"biopsy of heart\" code; its most clinically representative cardiac biopsy code targets the myocardium specifically, which is narrower than the SNOMED concept that refers to the heart as a whole. HFD.AD.AA is nonetheless the best available match, as cardiac biopsy in practice almost always means myocardial biopsy." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "116216006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incisional biopsy of lesion of heart" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFD.AD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Biopsy of myocardium" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "As with 430457001, ICHI lacks a generic \"heart\" biopsy code; HFD.AD.AA (biopsy of myocardium) is the closest structural match and in clinical practice is the standard interpretation of a cardiac biopsy, though it is narrower than the SNOMED concept which refers to a lesion of the heart without specifying the myocardium." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "117591009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Infectious agent genotype identification" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG6201" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "XG6201 covers genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi only, whereas \"infectious agent genotype identification\" encompasses genotypic characterisation of viruses, parasites, and other pathogens; the ICHI code is more specific in organism scope and somewhat different in technique (phenotypic vs genotypic)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "120211007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Inguinal region manipulation" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PAM.MK.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual reduction of inguinal hernia" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The only ICHI code in the inguinal block that involves manipulation is PAM.MK.AH, manual reduction of an inguinal hernia. This is narrower than the SNOMED concept because SNOMED's \"inguinal region manipulation\" is a generic parent concept encompassing any manual intervention on that region, whereas the ICHI code specifies a single clinical scenario (hernia reduction)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "120205009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Inguinal region repair" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PAM.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of inguinal hernia" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PAM.MK.AA and its variants (laparoscopic, with prosthesis) are the only repair codes within the inguinal block, all specific to hernia repair. The SNOMED concept is a broader parent for any repair of the inguinal region, so the ICHI code is narrower — it captures the predominant clinical procedure but does not cover all possible inguinal repairs." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119734008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection into trachea" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBA.DB.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic injection into trachea" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "JBA.DB.AD is the only injection code available in the ICHI trachea block and correctly targets the trachea as the anatomical site; however it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it specifies the endoscopic approach, while \"Injection into trachea\" does not imply any particular approach." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "17679005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of cardiovascular system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HZZ.DB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection into heart" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HZZ.DB.AE is the closest available ICHI code, but it is scoped specifically to the heart, whereas the SNOMED concept covers the entire cardiovascular system (heart and vessels); no cardiovascular-system-wide injection code exists in ICHI, making this ICHI code narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "408758007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of eye region" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BCA.DB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection into posterior segment structures of eye" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad, unspecified injection anywhere in the eye region, while ICHI offers only site-specific eye injection codes (eyelid, subconjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, posterior segment, vitreous body); BCA.DB.AE (posterior segment) is the most commonly performed and clinically significant intraocular injection site (e.g., intravitreal anti-VEGF), making it the best single representative, but it is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED parent." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "66205002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of gas" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KMA.LK.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of air into peritoneal cavity" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no generic \"injection of gas\" code; the closest assignable category is KMA.LK.AE (injection of air into peritoneal cavity), which is more specific in both substance (air) and anatomical site (peritoneal cavity) compared to the broad SNOMED concept covering any gas injected anywhere." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "13357006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of urethra" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAM.DB.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic injection of implant into urethra" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAM.DB.AD specifies both endoscopic approach and that the injected substance is an implant (bulking agent), whereas the SNOMED concept is a general injection of the urethra without constraining the approach or the injected material, making ICHI narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119990008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection of urinary bladder" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.DB.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic injection into bladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code constrains the approach to endoscopic (cystoscopic), while the SNOMED concept encompasses any injection into the urinary bladder regardless of route; ICHI is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "426092002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of diagnostic substance into skin" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LZZ.AC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intradermal skin test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept describes injection of a diagnostic substance into the skin, corresponding to intradermal skin testing (e.g., tuberculin, allergy testing); LZZ.AC.AE is slightly more specific in labelling the act as a \"test\" with intradermal route." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "44267002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of drainage tube into kidney pelvis" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAB.JB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous drainage of renal pelvis" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAB.JB.AE is an excellent anatomical match but specifies percutaneous approach (AE), whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach; the percutaneous-specific ICHI code is therefore narrower than the general SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "235205003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of prosthesis into esophagus" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBA.LH.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of oesophageal prosthesis" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KBA.LH.AD explicitly names oesophageal prosthesis insertion but is narrower because it restricts the approach to endoscopic dilatation followed by prosthesis placement, whereas the SNOMED concept covers prosthesis insertion by any approach." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "428057004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of stent into aorta" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIH.LH.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single non-specific \"aorta\" stent code — it distinguishes ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal, and arch; the abdominal aorta is the most common clinical site, but this ICHI code is more anatomically specific than the generic SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233406003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of thoracic aorta stent" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIG.LH.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into descending thoracic aorta" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HIG.LH.AF is specific to the descending thoracic aorta via percutaneous transluminal approach, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to the thoracic aorta in general (including ascending aorta and arch); the ICHI code is more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119827003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Integumentary system reconstruction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LZZ.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Skin graft, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a single \"reconstruction of integumentary system\" category code; LZZ.ML.AA (skin graft NEC) under the integumentary system NEC block is the most reconstruction-oriented code available at this level of generality, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept because it specifies skin grafting as the means of reconstruction rather than encompassing all reconstructive modalities (flaps, tissue rearrangement, etc.)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233123004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intraventricular operation for transposition or double outlet ventricle" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HBD.LI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Double outlet right ventricle repair with intraventricular tunnel" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers the whole class of intraventricular operations used for both transposition of the great arteries and double outlet ventricle, while the ICHI code is restricted to one specific variant — double outlet right ventricle repair using an intraventricular tunnel — making ICHI narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "235420007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intubation of gastrointestinal tract via nose" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBI.DL.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of nasoduodenal tube" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI KBI.DL.AC specifically names the nasal route matching the via-nose qualifier, but it is more specific — targeting the duodenum only — whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any GI segment reached nasally (nasogastric, nasoduodenal, nasojejunal)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386225006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Irrigation of bowel" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBP.JA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local irrigation of colon" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Irrigation of bowel\" is a general term covering small and large intestine, whereas KBP.JA.AC is specific to the colon. The colon is the most common clinical target, but the ICHI code is anatomically narrower than the broader SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "14412009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Laparoscopy with fulguration of lesion" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMC.GA.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Laparoscopic destruction of lesion of fallopian tube" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a generic \"fulguration of lesion\" without specifying the anatomical site, making it broader than NMC.GA.AB which is restricted to the fallopian tube; no generic body-site-unspecified laparoscopic lesion-destruction code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "239430005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ligament reconstruction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MML.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's ligament reconstruction codes are organised by anatomical site rather than as a generic procedure; MML.ML.AA is the most prominent and well-developed example, but the SNOMED concept is body-site-unspecified, making ICHI narrower. No generic \"ligament reconstruction\" code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "183295006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Locomotor training" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SJA.PH.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Training in walking" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SJA.PH.ZZ \"Training in walking\" is more specific than \"locomotor training,\" which encompasses all forms of movement (walking, transfers, stair-climbing, etc.); walking training is the central component but does not cover the full breadth of locomotor rehabilitation." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "363189005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Lower limb incision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IFA.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Incision of artery of lower limb" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any incision of lower limb structures (skin, vessels, bone); IFA.FA.AA is limited to arterial incision only, so ICHI is narrower than the SNOMED grouper." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119951009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Lymphatic system reconstruction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DFO.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reconstruction of lymphatic vessel" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI specifies the target as \"lymphatic vessel\" only, whereas the SNOMED concept covers reconstruction of the lymphatic system broadly (including nodes and other structures)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "110472009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Maintenance of vascular shunt" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IZA.SN.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of arteriovenous shunt" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "IZA.SN.AF is specific to arteriovenous shunts, whereas the SNOMED concept \"vascular shunt\" is broader and could encompass other types of vascular shunts (e.g. systemic-to-pulmonary, portosystemic); IZA.SN.AF is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept, though it is the closest available ICHI match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "385963002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of urinary bladder care" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.SN.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of internal device for urinary bladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAI.SN.AC is the only ICHI code that uses the \"management\" action axis applied directly to the urinary bladder, but it is specifically scoped to management of an internal device (e.g., catheter or implant), which is more specific than the broader SNOMED concept of managing general urinary bladder care across all modalities." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "69852004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manipulation of salivary duct" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAM.LG.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Dilatation of salivary duct" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Dilatation of the salivary duct is the principal manipulative procedure performed on the salivary duct in clinical practice and is the only ICHI assignable code specifically targeting the salivary duct as the object of intervention. The SNOMED concept is broader (unspecified manipulation), making the ICHI code more specific/narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "16463007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual reduction of prolapsed enterostomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBK.LD.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual reduction of ileostomy prolapse" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"prolapsed enterostomy\" is a generic term covering any intestinal stoma, while KBK.LD.AH specifically refers to ileostomy; an ileostomy is one type of enterostomy, so the ICHI code is narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "31208007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Medical induction of labor" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.SH.AF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intravenous medical induction of labour" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers medical induction of labor by any pharmacological route, while NME.SH.AF specifies the intravenous route specifically; the parent SH node is non-assignable, so this is the best assignable approximation." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "770348008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mobilization of shoulder girdle" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MDJ.PB.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mobilisation of shoulder joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED covers the entire shoulder girdle (glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic); ICHI MDJ.PB.AH addresses only the glenohumeral joint." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119858002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mouth excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAZ.JJ.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Partial excision of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Mouth excision\" is a SNOMED grouper encompassing all excisions across all mouth sub-structures, whereas KAZ.JJ.AC covers only partial excision of the oral cavity NEC residual category; the ICHI code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119865005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Mouth repair" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAZ.MK.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Mouth repair\" is a SNOMED grouper covering repair of any mouth structure, while KAZ.MK.AC is an NEC residual code for repair of the oral cavity; the ICHI code is narrower than the full SNOMED grouper but is the single most appropriate ICHI code for an unspecified mouth repair procedure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "107739004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Musculoskeletal system endoscopy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRJ.AE.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Arthroscopy of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI encodes endoscopy of the musculoskeletal system as arthroscopy (joint endoscopy) only, with no code covering endoscopy of bone, muscle, or soft tissue; the most general available code is arthroscopy of an unspecified joint site, which is narrower than the SNOMED concept that spans the whole musculoskeletal system." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119571007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Musculoskeletal system injection" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MRJ.DB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Injection into joint of unspecified site" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has specific injection codes for joints, bones, muscles, and soft tissue of unspecified sites (MRJ, MRB, MRM, MRS, MRT targets), but no single code covering injection into the musculoskeletal system as a whole; the joint injection NEC code is the best representative but is narrower than the broad SNOMED grouper." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "225218002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Non-verbal communication interventions" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "SGG.PH.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Training in using communication devices and techniques" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SGG.PH.ZZ sits within the ICHI block for conversation and use of communication devices and techniques, making it the best candidate for AAC/non-verbal communication work, but it specifies only the training action whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses the full range of non-verbal communication interventions including assessment, counselling, and practical support." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119711004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nose closure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JAA.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Closure of nasal fistula" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "JAA.MK.AA is the only closure-of-nose code in the ICHI nose block, but it is specifically restricted to fistula closure. The SNOMED concept \"Nose closure\" is broader, encompassing any form of nasal closure (wound, orifice, fistula), so the ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119716009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Nose destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JAA.GA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of intranasal lesion" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "JAA.GA.AC is the only destruction code in the ICHI nose block, but it specifies destruction of an intranasal lesion rather than any destructive procedure of the nose. The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for all nasal destructive procedures, making the ICHI code more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "65240009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Obstetrical version" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMR.LD.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "External version of fetus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"obstetrical version\" is unqualified and encompasses both external and internal version, whereas ICHI's NMR.LD.AH specifies only the external approach, making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "77371000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on cardiac septum" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BlockL5-HAD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Interventions on atrial septum" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI separates cardiac septum procedures into three distinct blocks (atrial, ventricular, atrioventricular) with no single unified \"cardiac septum\" block; BlockL5-HAD is the most clinically prominent representative but covers only the atrial septum." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "425777002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on cricopharyngeus muscle" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAM.FB.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cricopharyngeal myotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI provides a single specific procedure on the cricopharyngeus muscle — cricopharyngeal myotomy — whereas the SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering any operation on that muscle (myotomy, excision, repair, etc.). ICHI is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233233001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on systemic to pulmonary artery shunt" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HID.LI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HID.LI.AA specifically encodes creation of a systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunt, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any operation on an existing shunt (creation, revision, ligation, dilatation); it is the closest available ICHI code but captures only one type of intervention on this structure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "73018006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operation on vocal cord" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JAN.JK.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Vocal cordectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "JAN.JK.AD is the only ICHI code that explicitly names the vocal cord, but it refers specifically to cordectomy (complete excision), making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which encompasses any operation on the vocal cord (injection, repair, dilatation, etc.)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233111005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Operations for Fallot-type conditions" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HZB.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "HZB.ML.AA specifically names Tetralogy of Fallot repair, which is the most common Fallot-type condition, but the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing all Fallot-type malformations (including Pentalogy of Fallot, Fallot with pulmonary atresia, and other variants), making the ICHI code narrower than the SNOMED grouping." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "288161003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Orthopedic device application" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZX.LC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PZX.LC.AH specifically describes application of a cast or splint, which is a common but not exhaustive type of orthopedic device application; the SNOMED concept is broader and encompasses braces, traction devices, external fixators, and other appliances." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "440198000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Osteotomy of jaw" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAG.FA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Osteotomy of mandibular bone" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Jaw\" is an unspecified term that can refer to either the mandible or the maxilla, whereas MAG.FA.AA is specific to the mandibular bone only; a separate maxillary code (MAF.FA.AA) also exists, so the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "176371007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Otis urethrotomy in male" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAM.FA.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Closed urethrotomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The Otis urethrotomy is performed blindly without endoscopic visualisation, corresponding to a closed (blind) internal urethrotomy — matching NAM.FA.AD precisely; however, SNOMED specifies the male sex qualifier absent from the ICHI code." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1264534001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Paracentesis of gallbladder" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KCF.JB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous aspiration of gallbladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "This is a very close match — both describe fluid withdrawal from the gallbladder — but the ICHI code specifies a percutaneous approach (means axis AE), making it narrower than the SNOMED concept which does not constrain the approach." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1264533007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Paracentesis of urinary bladder" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.JB.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous aspiration of bladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Both concepts describe needle-based fluid withdrawal from the urinary bladder (suprapubic cystocentesis), making this a strong clinical match; the ICHI code is narrower because it explicitly specifies the percutaneous approach (means AE), whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "387643005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Partial hysterectomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NME.JJ.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Partial vaginal hysterectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Partial hysterectomy\" (supracervical/subtotal) in ICHI sits under the \"Partial excision interventions on uterus\" block, but the available leaf codes each specify a surgical approach (laparoscopic, vaginal, laparoscopically assisted); NME.JJ.AC is representative but more specific than the unqualified SNOMED term, which spans all approaches." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1222623009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Penetrating keratoplasty with implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BBB.KD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Corneal transplant" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a combined procedure (full-thickness corneal transplant plus posterior chamber IOL insertion); the ICHI code covers only the primary keratoplasty component." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "105373008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Percutaneous insertion of intravascular filter" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIB.DL.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Insertion of filter in superior vena cava" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Only ICHI code explicitly named \"insertion of filter\" in a vascular vessel, but specifies the SVC rather than the generic intravascular context." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "265328005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Periapical surgery of tooth" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAE.JJ.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Apicoectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Apicoectomy (surgical resection of the root apex) is the canonical procedure within periapical surgery and the closest available ICHI match. The SNOMED concept \"periapical surgery\" is broader and could encompass additional periapical procedures (e.g., curettage of periapical tissue, retrograde filling), making the ICHI code narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "34646007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Pericardiectomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFF.JJ.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Partial pericardiectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"pericardiectomy\" is unqualified (neither partial nor total specified), while ICHI has two distinct codes — partial (HFF.JJ.AA) and total (HFF.JK.AA). Partial pericardiectomy is the most commonly performed procedure under this term, making HFF.JJ.AA the best default match, but ICHI is narrower than the unqualified SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "120198005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Perineum excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PAW.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion of perineum" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Perineum excision\" as a SNOMED concept refers broadly to any excision of perineal tissue, while the closest ICHI code specifies local excision of a lesion only. No broader \"excision of perineum\" code exists in ICHI's PAW block; PAW.JI.AA is the best available match but is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "241439007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "PET heart study" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFD.BA.BG" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Positron emission computerised tomography of myocardium" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept refers to PET imaging of the heart as a whole organ, while ICHI's HFD.BA.BG is scoped specifically to the myocardium, making the ICHI code more specific (narrower) than the broader cardiac PET study implied by the SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "81065003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "pH measurement" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBA.AI.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Oesophageal pH monitoring" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a generic, site-unspecified pH measurement procedure, whereas the only pH-specific ICHI code is restricted to oesophageal monitoring; ICHI is therefore narrower in anatomical scope even though it is the best available match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "51265002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Pharyngectomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAR.JJ.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Partial oropharyngectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KAR.JJ.AA specifies a partial oropharyngectomy, whereas \"pharyngectomy\" in SNOMED is a broader term covering total or partial removal of any part of the pharynx (naso-, oro-, or hypopharynx). No total pharyngectomy code exists in ICHI; this partial oropharyngectomy is the best available fit but does not cover the full scope of the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1292972006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Plain X-ray of lower respiratory tract" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBF.BA.BA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "X-ray of lung, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, but ICHI's closest plain X-ray code targets lung parenchyma only (JBF.BA.BA), making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept. No generic \"lower respiratory tract X-ray\" code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "1295463003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Plain X-ray of pharynx" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAR.BA.BA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "X-ray of oral pharynx" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers the entire pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx), but ICHI encodes pharyngeal X-ray only at the sub-part level — JAM.BA.BA (nasopharynx) and KAR.BA.BA (oral pharynx). KAR.BA.BA is selected as the best single approximation but is narrower than the full pharynx scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "116672005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Pleura destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JCA.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Pleurodesis" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Pleurodesis is the primary destructive pleural procedure encoded in ICHI (GA = destruction action axis), but the SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any destructive procedure on the pleura; ICHI's code is therefore narrower than the SNOMED category concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "175798002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Plication of vena cava" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIC.LL.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Plication of inferior vena cava" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a single \"plication of vena cava\" code covering both superior and inferior vena cava; it encodes them as two separate codes (HIB.LL.AA for superior, HIC.LL.AA for inferior). HIC.LL.AA is selected as the most common clinical procedure context, but the ICHI code is narrower than the unspecified SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "275828002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Preventing infection of immunocompromised patient" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZB.VE.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Isolation of a person for infection control" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PZB.VE.ZZ captures isolation as a specific person-level infection control intervention, which is one key strategy for protecting immunocompromised individuals, but the SNOMED concept is broader and encompasses all infection-prevention measures (prophylactic antimicrobials, protective environment, etc.)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "179870001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Primary arthroscopic ligament repair" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MML.MK.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Arthroscopic repair of ligaments of the knee" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MML.MK.AB is arthroscopic ligament repair specific to the knee, whereas the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and could apply to any joint. The ICHI code is more specific (knee only); however, knee is by far the most common clinical context for this procedure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "233154000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure for arrhythmia" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.SC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Conversion of cardiac arrhythmia" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Procedure for arrhythmia\" is a broad category encompassing any intervention for arrhythmia (ablation, pacemaker implantation, cardioversion, etc.), whereas HFC.SC.AH specifically refers only to cardioversion/conversion of arrhythmia. HFC.SC.AH is the only explicitly arrhythmia-named assignable code, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "232629006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure for lung lesion" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBF.JI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Local excision of lesion of lung" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Procedure for lung lesion\" in SNOMED is a broad grouping concept covering any intervention on a lung lesion (biopsy, excision, destruction, imaging, etc.), while JBF.JI.AA refers specifically to open local excision of a lung lesion. As an assignable code JBF.JI.AA is the best single category match, though narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "771331008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedure on perivesical tissue" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.AE.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Exploration of perivesical tissue" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI contains only a small number of specific perivesical tissue codes (exploration, and release of adhesions variants) but no dedicated block for perivesical tissue as a grouping; NAI.AE.AA is the closest named match using the exact anatomical term, though it is narrower than the SNOMED grouping which covers all procedure types on perivesical tissue." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "266686005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Procedures relating to splintage and immobilization" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZX.LC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping covering splintage and immobilization procedures collectively; ICHI offers many site-specific immobilization codes plus this NEC residual for cast/splint application, but no single code encompasses the full breadth of the SNOMED category. PZX.LC.AH is the best single representative but is more specific (cast/splint only, unspecified site) than the SNOMED grouping concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "252447004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Pulsed wave ultrasonic Doppler" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "IAA.BA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transcranial doppler ultrasound of intracranial arteries" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI's only explicitly Doppler-labelled code is restricted to transcranial Doppler of intracranial arteries; the SNOMED concept describes pulsed wave Doppler as a general ultrasound modality applicable across any vessel or organ, making the ICHI code far more specific in target site." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "41440006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radioisotope brain imaging" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAA.BA.BF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Single photon emission computerised tomography of brain" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any radioisotope-based brain imaging (SPECT, PET, planar scintigraphy); AAA.BA.BF refers specifically to SPECT, the dominant modality, but is more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "252429005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radionuclide study of heart" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HTC.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Myocardial perfusion scan" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept encompasses all radionuclide studies of the heart (including MUGA/cardiac output scans, ventriculography, perfusion imaging, and others), while HTC.BA.BE specifically represents myocardial perfusion scintigraphy — the most common such study; a cardiac output scan (HTB.BA.BE) also exists but neither code alone captures the full breadth of the SNOMED parent concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "429579007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radiotherapy to axilla" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DFC.GA.BA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of axillary lymph node by radiotherapy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "DFC.GA.BA precisely captures radiotherapy in the axilla but restricts the target to axillary lymph nodes, whereas the SNOMED concept covers radiotherapy to the axillary region regardless of the specific tissue irradiated; this makes the ICHI code more specific (narrower)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386406005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Rectal prolapse care" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBW.LC.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Manual reduction of rectal prolapse" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Rectal prolapse care\" is a broad concept encompassing all management activities, whereas KBW.LC.AH covers only manual reduction; the ICHI code is narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "20013001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reduction of fracture of facial bone" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAB.LD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Open reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Target (facial bone) and intervention (reduction) align, but ICHI specifies the open approach while SNOMED leaves approach unspecified, making the ICHI code narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "38071001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reduction of fracture of skull" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MAA.LD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Open reduction of skull fracture" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code matches precisely on target and intervention but specifies the open surgical approach whereas SNOMED is approach-neutral; the closed counterpart MAA.LD.AH also exists." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "14441000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reduction of fracture of spine" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MBZ.LD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI code covers the correct target (vertebral column) and intervention but specifies the open approach and is not limited to fractures, while SNOMED is approach-unspecified." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "252765001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reflex studies" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MVB.AC.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Test of motor reflexes" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI specifies motor reflexes only; SNOMED \"Reflex studies\" can include any reflex type (autonomic, deep tendon, etc.)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "232707004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of foreign body from airway" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBA.JD.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of internal device or foreign body from trachea" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single code for the entire airway; JBA.JD.AA (trachea) is the most common clinical referent for \"airway\" foreign body removal, but the SNOMED concept is broader covering any airway structure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "30549001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of suture" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PAL.JD.AH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Removal of sutures from abdominal wall" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "PAL.JD.AH is the only explicit \"removal of sutures\" code in ICHI but is restricted to the abdominal wall, making it narrower than the unspecified-site SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274446006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Renal lithotripsy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAA.GA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the kidney" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is broader and could include endoscopic or percutaneous intracorporeal lithotripsy, whereas NAA.GA.BJ specifies extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL); the ICHI code is therefore more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "80779005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of brain" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "AAA.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of encephalocele of brain" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"repair of brain\" code; the only brain repair code available is AAA.MK.AA, restricted to repair of encephalocele — a specific structural defect — making it narrower than the general SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "894153007" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of congenital malformation of heart valve" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HDM.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers repair of any congenitally malformed heart valve (aortic, mitral, pulmonary, tricuspid, etc.), while ICHI HDM.MK.AA is restricted to the atrioventricular valve only, making the ICHI code more specific." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "427318004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of double outlet ventricle" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HBD.LI.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Double outlet right ventricle repair with intraventricular tunnel" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers repair of a double outlet ventricle in general (either left or right), whereas ICHI code HBD.LI.AA specifies the right ventricle with an intraventricular tunnel technique. A parallel code for the left ventricle (HZA.LI.AA) also exists." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "18023005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of lacrimal system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "BAD.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of canaliculus" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The ICHI lacrimal apparatus block contains only one repair-action code, BAD.MK.AA, which is scoped specifically to the canaliculus — a sub-structure of the lacrimal system. The SNOMED concept covers the full lacrimal system (including sac, duct, puncta, gland), making this ICHI code narrower; no broader \"repair of lacrimal system\" code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "71660004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of muscle of hand" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MGM.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Suture of muscle of hand" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Both concepts address repair of muscle of the hand at the same anatomical site, but ICHI specifically titles the procedure as \"suture,\" which is more specific than SNOMED's generic \"repair,\" which could encompass both suture and graft-based repair methods." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "62318005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of muscle of hand with graft" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MGM.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Plastic operation on hand with graft of muscle" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Both describe graft-based repair of the muscle of the hand, but ICHI specifies the graft material as muscle, whereas the SNOMED concept leaves the graft type unspecified (could include tendon, fascia, or other tissue), making the ICHI code narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "276184008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of palate" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAS.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of soft palate" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a single unspecified \"repair of palate\" code covering both hard and soft palate; the two separate codes are KAS.MK.AA (soft palate) and KAT.MK.AA (hard palate). Since the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (palate in general), either ICHI code is narrower — KAS.MK.AA is chosen as the default since palate repair most commonly refers to soft palate procedures (e.g. cleft palate repair)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119616003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of pelvis" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MKB.MK.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Arthroscopic repair of pelvis" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MKB.MK.AB is the only repair-of-pelvis code in ICHI but specifies an arthroscopic approach, making it more specific than the SNOMED concept which is approach-neutral; the bony pelvic target is otherwise an accurate match." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "217225009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of shoulder" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MDJ.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Repair of shoulder joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Repair of shoulder\" is anatomically broad and could encompass repair of any shoulder structure (bone, cartilage, tendon, joint, or soft tissue), whereas MDJ.MK.AA specifically targets the shoulder joint; however, it is the best single code available and represents the most clinically common referent of the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "447842000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of enterostomy device of large intestine" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KBP.KA.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Endoscopic replacement of colonic device" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "KBP.KA.AD covers replacement of a colonic (large intestine) device, which aligns well with the target organ and action; however, it specifies the endoscopic approach (means axis AD), whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic, making the ICHI code narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "232927005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of implanted atrioventricular valve" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HDM.KA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Implantation of prosthetic valve in replaced congenitally malformed atrioventricular valve" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI restricts this code to congenitally malformed atrioventricular valves, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any implanted AV valve (congenital or acquired aetiology); no generic AV valve re-replacement code exists in ICHI, making the ICHI code more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "17006003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of urinary catheter" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.KA.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Replacement of indwelling urinary catheter" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NAI.KA.AC specifically refers to an indwelling (Foley-type) urinary catheter, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses any type of urinary catheter; the ICHI code is therefore slightly narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "439333006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Sampling of female genital tract for smear" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMF.AH.XH" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cervical papanicolaou smear" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept broadly covers smear sampling from any part of the female genital tract (vagina, cervix, endocervix, etc.), whereas NMF.AH.XH is specifically a Pap smear from the cervix uteri — a narrower site and technique. No broader \"female genital tract smear\" category exists in ICHI, making this the closest available code." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "104435004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Screening for occult blood in feces" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG5WC5" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Faecal immunochemical test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "XG5WC5 specifically identifies the immunochemical method for detecting blood in feces, which is the primary modern modality for this screening; the SNOMED concept is method-agnostic (encompassing guaiac and other tests), so the ICHI code is more specific than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119637006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Shoulder destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MDJ.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of shoulder joint" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping for any destructive procedure on shoulder structures; ICHI's best available code scopes destruction specifically to the shoulder joint, making it narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "709549003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Single photon emission computed tomography of heart" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFD.BA.BF" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Single photon emission computerised tomography of myocardium" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI is more specific than the SNOMED concept: HFD.BA.BF targets the myocardium (heart muscle) whereas the SNOMED concept refers to the heart as a whole, which could encompass other cardiac structures." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "737044008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Skeletal traction care management" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MBZ.LC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Direct or skeletal traction to the spine" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MBZ.LC.AE specifies skeletal traction applied to the spine only, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses ongoing care management of skeletal traction across any skeletal site, making the ICHI code more specific in anatomical scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119832002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Skin of head excision" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LAA.JJ.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a category-level grouping covering all excisions of skin of head, while LAA.JJ.AA specifies only partial excision at a head-or-neck site; ICHI is more specific (narrower) than the broader SNOMED grouping, and the ICHI target also includes neck." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "234319005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Splenectomy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DJA.JK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Total splenectomy" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"Splenectomy\" is unqualified and encompasses both partial and total splenectomy, whereas DJA.JK.AA is specific to total (complete) removal; the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept (DJA.JJ.AA would apply for partial splenectomy)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "408915002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Sputum specimen care" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBB.AH.XC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Specimen collection of sputum" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "SNOMED \"sputum specimen care\" encompasses the broader management of a sputum specimen (collection, handling, transport), while JBB.AH.XC specifically denotes the collection act; the ICHI code is narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "703145006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Sterilization procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NMC.LA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Occlusion of fallopian tubes" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Sterilization procedure\" most commonly refers to surgical contraceptive sterilization, encompassing both female (tubal occlusion) and male (vasectomy) procedures; NMC.LA.AA is narrower because it covers only one sex and one technique while the SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "82904003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Surgical closure of window" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIN.MK.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Closure of aortopulmonary window" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept \"window\" is anatomically non-specific and could apply to aortopulmonary window, oval window of the ear, or other fenestrations; HIN.MK.AA covers only the cardiovascular aortopulmonary variant, making it narrower than the generic SNOMED term." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "252569009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Test for allergens" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LZZ.AC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intradermal skin test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Allergen testing encompasses multiple modalities (intradermal, patch, scratch/prick, in-vitro IgE), but the intradermal skin test (LZZ.AC.AE) is the most common and clinically representative method for allergen provocation testing. The ICHI code is narrower because it specifies one particular technique (intradermal route) rather than the full scope of allergen testing." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "127799009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Test for molds" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "LZZ.AC.AE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Intradermal skin test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Testing for molds (fungi/mould allergens) is performed primarily through skin-based allergen challenge tests; intradermal skin test (LZZ.AC.AE) is the closest ICHI code available, as ICHI has no mold-specific or fungal-allergen-specific code. The code is narrower because it captures the testing method but not the specific mold antigen target, and broader allergen test approaches (patch, in-vitro) are excluded." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "120011003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Testis destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NGL.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of testicular lesion" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "NGL.GA.AA specifically refers to destruction of a testicular lesion, whereas the SNOMED concept \"Testis destructive procedure\" is a broader category encompassing any destructive intervention on the testis (including the organ itself, not just a lesion); the ICHI code is therefore narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119672009" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Thigh reconstruction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MLM.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reconstruction of muscle of thigh" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "MLM.ML.AA is the only reconstruction code within the thigh block in ICHI, but it is restricted to muscle; the broader SNOMED concept thigh reconstruction could encompass bone, fascia, ligament, or other thigh structures, making the ICHI code narrower in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "26058004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Thoracoscopy with biopsy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "JBF.AD.AB" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Thoracoscopic biopsy of lung" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "\"Thoracoscopy with biopsy\" in SNOMED is a general concept that does not specify which thoracic structure is biopsied, whereas JBF.AD.AB specifies the biopsy target as lung parenchyma, making the ICHI code narrower. JBF.AD.AB is chosen as the most clinically common context for this procedure." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "55162003" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Tooth extraction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "KAE.JE.AC" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extraction of tooth without incision" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers tooth extraction generically (both simple forceps and surgical), whereas KAE.JE.AC specifically denotes extraction without incision; surgical extraction with incision is a separate ICHI code (KAE.JK.AC)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "116032002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transurethral excision from urinary tract" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.JI.AD" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Transurethral resection of bladder lesion" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any transurethral excision from anywhere in the urinary tract (renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra, bladder neck), while NAI.JI.AD is a specific code limited to the bladder; no single ICHI code covers the full scope of \"transurethral excision from urinary tract,\" so the best available ICHI code is narrower and only partially representative." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "386305005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Treatment of fever" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.SE.ZZ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Cooling of central body temperature" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "Fever treatment encompasses multiple modalities — pharmacological (antipyretics), physical cooling, and treating the underlying cause — while PZA.SE.ZZ specifically captures active physical cooling of central body temperature, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept. No code for antipyretic administration or a general \"fever management\" exists in ICHI, so this physical-cooling code is the best available match for the physiological aim of fever reduction, though it excludes the pharmacological route." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "119591000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Trunk reconstruction" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "MCB.ML.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Reconstruction of rib or sternum" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a single code for trunk reconstruction as a whole; MCB.ML.AA is the only trunk-region reconstruction code found (covering rib/sternum only), making it narrower than the broad SNOMED concept, which encompasses all trunk structures including soft tissue, abdominal wall, and vertebral column." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "418105000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasonography of inguinal region" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "DFM.BA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound of inguinal lymph node" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers the entire inguinal region (including soft tissue, vasculature, hernia evaluation, and lymph nodes), while the only ICHI ultrasound code sited at the inguinal location targets the lymph node specifically, making the ICHI code more restricted in scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "241460001" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound angiography of aorta" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HIK.BA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound of the aortic arch" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI has no single 'ultrasound of aorta' code spanning all aortic segments; HIK.BA.BJ is the only aorta-labelled assignable ultrasound code, but it is restricted to the aortic arch rather than the whole aorta, making it narrower than the SNOMED concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108283006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound procedure on cardiovascular system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HZZ.BA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Echocardiography" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any ultrasound procedure on the entire cardiovascular system (heart and all vessels), while HZZ.BA.BJ (echocardiography) is scoped specifically to ultrasound of the heart as a whole. No single ICHI code covers ultrasound across the full cardiovascular system; HZZ.BA.BJ is chosen as the closest cardiac ultrasound code but is narrower than the SNOMED category scope." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108284000" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound procedure on endocrine system" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "EBA.BA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ultrasound of thyroid gland" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept broadly covers any ultrasound on the endocrine system as a whole, but ICHI has no composite 'ultrasound of endocrine system' code; the most commonly performed and best-represented endocrine ultrasound in ICHI is EBA.BA.BJ (thyroid gland ultrasound). This is narrower than the SNOMED category, which also encompasses adrenal, pituitary, parathyroid, and other endocrine glands." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "274447002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Ureteric lithotripsy" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAE.GA.BJ" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the ureter" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers ureteric lithotripsy by any technique (ESWL, laser, or endoscopic), whereas the ICHI code specifies extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) only, making the ICHI code more specific than the source concept." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108042002" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Urethra destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAM.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouping of any destructive procedure on the urethra, whereas the ICHI code specifies destruction of a lesion or tissue, which is the predominant clinical meaning; no broader \"destruction of urethra NOS\" code exists in ICHI." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "108037005" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Urinary bladder destructive procedure" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "NAI.GA.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for any destructive procedure on the urinary bladder, while NAI.GA.AA specifies open destruction of a lesion or tissue — one specific method. The ICHI block \"Destructive interventions on urinary bladder\" (BlockL6-NAI) would be semantically wider but is not an assignable code, so the most representative assignable category is used." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "395124008" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Viral studies" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "XG4U02" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Viral nucleic acid amplification test" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "ICHI does not have a generic \"viral studies\" code encompassing serology, antigen detection, culture, and molecular methods; XG4U02 covers only one modality and is therefore narrower." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "241427004" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "24 hour diphosphonate retention study" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "PZA.BA.BE" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Radioisotope scan of whole body" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "A 24-hour diphosphonate retention study is a nuclear medicine procedure where radiolabelled bisphosphonate uptake across the skeleton is quantified 24 hours after injection; PZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body) captures the nuclear medicine modality and whole-body skeletal target, making the SNOMED concept narrower (it specifies diphosphonate tracer and a 24-hour retention protocol)." ] ] ) ] [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "720434006" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Adjustment of cardiac implant" ] ; ( fhir:target [ fhir:code [ fhir:v "HFC.SN.AA" ] ; fhir:display [ fhir:v "Management of pacemaker or defibrillator system" ] ; fhir:equivalence [ fhir:v "narrower" ] ; fhir:comment [ fhir:v "The SNOMED concept covers any cardiac implant (pacemaker, defibrillator, VAD, valve prosthesis, etc.), whereas HFC.SN.AA is specifically scoped to pacemaker or defibrillator systems only — chosen as the most common clinical scenario." ] ] ) ] ) ] ) . #
IG © 2026+ Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting).
Package fhir.example#0.1.0 based on FHIR 4.0.1.
Generated
2026-05-11
Links: Table of Contents |
QA Report