0.1.0 - ci-build
WHOICHIToSNOMED, published by Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting). This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/vadi2/snomed-procedure-ichi/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
| Draft as of 2026-05-11 |
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<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p class="res-header-id"><b>Generated Narrative: ConceptMap SnomedProceduresToIchiInexact</b></p><a name="SnomedProceduresToIchiInexact"> </a><a name="hcSnomedProceduresToIchiInexact"> </a><p>Mapping from <a href="ValueSet-snomed-procedure-root.html">SNOMED CT Procedure (descendants of 71388002)</a> to http://id.who.int/ichi</p><br/><p><b>Group 1 </b>Mapping from <a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-snomedct.html">SNOMED CT (all versions)</a> to <code>http://id.who.int/ichi</code> (Ichi)</p><table class="grid"><tr><td><b>Source Code</b></td><td><b>Relationship</b></td><td><b>Target Code</b></td><td><b>Comment</b></td></tr><tr><td>71388002 (Procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BlockL1-??. (Health interventions)</td><td>SNOMED CT "Procedure" is the root concept for all procedures and maps conceptually to ICHI's root block "Health interventions," which is the top-level organizational grouping of the entire ICHI classification. The match is inexact because the two concepts have overlapping but not identical scope — SNOMED "Procedure" includes diagnostic/assessment activities that ICHI may classify differently, while ICHI "Health interventions" includes environmental and behavioural interventions that may not all map to SNOMED procedures — and because BlockL1 is a structural block rather than an assignable intervention code.</td></tr><tr><td>265271003 (Insertion of artificial eye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BZZ.DL.AC (Insertion of ocular implant)</td><td>Both codes describe inserting a device into the eye/orbit to replace a lost eye. However, "artificial eye" in SNOMED typically refers to the visible prosthetic shell, while "ocular implant" in ICHI more specifically denotes the internal orbital implant placed after enucleation; these are closely related but not semantically identical components of the same clinical process.</td></tr><tr><td>88572002 (Injection of alcohol into nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)</td><td>Alcohol injection into a nerve is a form of chemical neurolysis (nerve destruction), making "Destruction of peripheral nerve" the closest functional match. The equivalence is inexact because ICHI restricts the target to peripheral nerves while SNOMED says "nerve" generically, and ICHI covers all destruction methods rather than specifically alcohol injection.</td></tr><tr><td>405323007 (Diathermy of vein)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZD.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>IZD.GA.AF covers percutaneous transluminal destruction of veins at unspecified sites, which encompasses diathermy as one destruction method but is broader in method scope. Conversely, the SNOMED concept specifies diathermy specifically but does not restrict the approach to percutaneous transluminal, making this an overlapping but inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>232885000 (Atrioventricular valve annuloplasty using ring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HDF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)</td><td>Annuloplasty using a ring is a valve reconstruction procedure most commonly performed on the mitral valve, and HDF.ML.AA captures the reconstruction action on the mitral valve, but ICHI has no dedicated annuloplasty code and this SNOMED concept covers both mitral and tricuspid AV valves whereas ICHI separates them; the ring-implantation technique is also not distinguished from other reconstruction approaches at this level of ICHI granularity.</td></tr><tr><td>413633002 (Balloon dacryoplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated dilatation code for the lacrimal apparatus — the dilatation action (LG) exists for vascular targets but not for BAD. BAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus) is the closest available code as both procedures mechanically relieve lacrimal outflow obstruction, but incision and balloon dilation are distinct techniques, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>233202003 (Balloon dilation of ductus arteriosus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIJ.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ductus arteriosus)</td><td>HIJ.LH.AF is the only dilatation code for the ductus arteriosus in ICHI and matches the target, approach, and action; however, the ICHI code explicitly includes insertion of a device (suggesting stenting), whereas the SNOMED concept describes balloon dilation without necessarily implying device implantation, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>235228002 (Balloon dilation of pyloric stricture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.LG.AD (Endoscopic pyloroplasty)</td><td>Both procedures address pyloric obstruction endoscopically and aim to widen the pyloric outlet, but pyloroplasty involves tissue incision/reconstruction whereas balloon dilation achieves mechanical stretching without cutting; ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic balloon dilation of pylorus code, making this the closest available approximation under the stomach interventions block (KBF).</td></tr><tr><td>50080181000188101 (Brachytherapy of bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.GA.AA (Destruction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>MRB.GA.AA matches the target (bone, unspecified site) and action (destruction), but its means axis (AA = open/unspecified) does not specify radiotherapy or brachytherapy — ICHI has no dedicated bone brachytherapy or bone radiotherapy destruction code, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>225150002 (Cleaning wound)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JA.AH (Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Wound cleaning (SNOMED) encompasses the broad act of cleansing a wound by any method (irrigation, mechanical scrubbing, antiseptic application), while ICHI's LZZ.JA.AH specifically captures irrigation/flushing of skin tissue — the most common clinical technique for wound cleaning but not the full semantic scope. No ICHI code for generic wound cleaning exists; this is the closest available category under the integumentary system NEC block.</td></tr><tr><td>10029008 (Suicide precautions)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VBA.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence self-harm behaviours)</td><td>"Suicide precautions" encompasses a bundle of clinical actions including close patient observation, removal of lethal means, and environmental safety structuring to prevent self-harm, whereas VBA.TM.ZZ captures only the environmental modification component targeting self-harm behaviours. No single ICHI code covers the full multi-component precautionary intervention, making this an approximate but meaningful match within the most directly relevant block (Interventions on self-harm behaviours, BlockL4-VBA).</td></tr><tr><td>64670002 (Embolectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by leg incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>IEA.JE.AF captures the correct target (abdominal/pelvic artery, covering the iliac segment of the aortoiliac territory) and the action of catheter-based extraction of an obstruction (embolus), but the means axis "AF" (endovascular/percutaneous) does not fully reflect the open leg incision approach of the SNOMED concept, and the target is broader than the specific aortoiliac artery.</td></tr><tr><td>15905001 (Embolectomy with catheter of celiac artery by abdominal incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>The celiac artery is an abdominal artery and the open abdominal incision maps to the "AA" (open) means axis, with "JE" representing extraction of obstruction — the closest ICHI action to embolectomy. However, "endarterectomy" in ICHI nomenclature typically implies removal of atheromatous plaque rather than catheter-based clot/embolus extraction, and the target is broader (any abdominal or pelvic artery, not specifically the celiac), making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>80150009 (Embolectomy with catheter of innominate artery by neck incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of head and neck, open approach)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, and its JE action combines endarterectomy and embolectomy without distinguishing catheter-based extraction from direct removal; IBA.JE.AA is the closest match because the procedure is performed via a neck incision on the extracranial head and neck artery segment, but the ICHI code does not capture the catheter technique or the specific vessel anatomy.</td></tr><tr><td>47912003 (Embolectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by arm incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)</td><td>ICA.JE.AA captures open removal of obstructing material from an upper limb artery (the subclavian falls within this target grouping), which is the closest available ICHI category to catheter embolectomy of the subclavian; however, endarterectomy strictly denotes intimal plaque removal, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies Fogarty-catheter mechanical extraction of an embolus, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>46071009 (Embolectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by thoracic incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IDA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of thorax)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated embolectomy code for peripheral or thoracic arteries (only pulmonary thromboembolectomy exists at HID.JE.AA); IDA.JE.AA captures the open surgical removal of intraluminal material from a thoracic artery via arteriotomy with the correct anatomical target (the subclavian artery is a thoracic artery, accessed here by thoracic incision), but JE action strictly denotes endarterectomy (plaque removal) rather than catheter-based embolus extraction, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>18404006 (Embolectomy with catheter of ulnar artery by arm incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes an open catheter-based embolectomy (clot removal) of the ulnar artery, while ICHI's closest code covers endarterectomy (plaque removal) of the upper limb artery — both are open surgical extractions from an upper limb artery, but the pathological target differs (embolus vs. atheroma). ICHI has no dedicated embolectomy code for upper limb arteries, and the ulnar artery specificity is also lost as ICHI operates at the "artery of upper limb" level.</td></tr><tr><td>405399003 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of aorta with prosthesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — endarterectomy plus angioplasty with prosthetic material — on the aorta without specifying the anatomical segment, whereas HIH.JE.AA captures only the endarterectomy action on the abdominal aorta and does not encode the angioplasty or prosthesis component. No single ICHI code exists for this combined procedure, making this an approximate match at best.</td></tr><tr><td>405407008 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of internal carotid artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBB.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial)</td><td>IBB.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery, which is the primary component of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI has no combined endarterectomy-and-angioplasty code and no code specific to the internal carotid artery (only the extracranial carotid as a group). The angioplasty component (vessel dilation/reconstruction performed alongside the endarterectomy) is unrepresented, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>405456009 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of lower limb artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)</td><td>The SNOMED concept combines two distinct procedures — endarterectomy and angioplasty — both on the lower limb artery, but ICHI has no single code encoding that combination; IFA.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy component precisely, while the angioplasty component (IFA.LG.AF) remains unrepresented, making any single-code mapping an incomplete approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>405397001 (Endarterectomy and angioplasty of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI has no code combining endarterectomy and angioplasty of the aorta in a single entry, and no code covering the aorta as a whole across all segments. HIH.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy component at the most clinically common aortic site (abdominal), but omits the angioplasty action and restricts to one anatomical segment of an unspecified-segment SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>440190007 (Extracranial contouring of facial and skull bones for benign neoplasm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Contouring" of craniofacial bones for a benign neoplasm is clinically equivalent to local excision/removal of a bony lesion to restore normal contour, making MAB.JI.AA the closest available match; however, the SNOMED concept explicitly covers both facial and skull bones together (not just facial bone), and "contouring" implies reshaping rather than a discrete lesion excision, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>773291002 (Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of abdomen)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of peritoneum)</td><td>KMA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous biopsy approach within the abdominal (peritoneal) region, which aligns with the procedural intent of a fluoroscopy-guided abdominal biopsy, but the SNOMED concept's target ("abdomen") is broader than "peritoneum" specifically, and ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance as a distinct means — only the percutaneous route.</td></tr><tr><td>718313003 (Fluoroscopy guided embolization of track)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.DB.AE (Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes fluoroscopy-guided injection of embolic material into a percutaneous tract through soft tissue, and MRS.DB.AE captures percutaneous injection into soft tissue of unspecified site but does not encode the specific embolisation/occlusion action, the fluoroscopic guidance, or the procedural context of tract closure. No dedicated ICHI code for tract or sinus embolisation exists.</td></tr><tr><td>397047005 (Fogarty embolectomy of artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The ICHI code captures the correct action (extraction of an obstruction/embolus) from an unspecified artery, which aligns with the procedural intent of Fogarty embolectomy, but the means axis (.AF = endovascular/percutaneous) does not match — a Fogarty procedure is performed via open arteriotomy with a balloon catheter, not a purely endovascular route. No open-approach embolus extraction code for artery exists in ICHI, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>89398002 (Implantation of implantable intra-arterial infusion pump)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The target (artery NEC) and action (DL = insertion of internal device) axes match the SNOMED concept well, but the means axis (AF = percutaneous transluminal) does not align — implantation of an intra-arterial infusion pump (e.g., hepatic artery pump) is typically an open surgical procedure, and no open surgical equivalent (IZA.DL.AA) exists in ICHI. No more specific arterial device-insertion code covering a drug-delivery pump was found.</td></tr><tr><td>711506006 (Implantation of patient-activated cardiac event recorder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>Both codes describe percutaneous implantation of a permanent cardiac device within the conducting system of the heart, but ICHI's HFC.DN.AF specifically names pacemaker or defibrillator systems whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a subcutaneous implantable loop recorder (cardiac event monitor) — a device used for long-term rhythm recording rather than therapy delivery. No dedicated ICHI category code exists for implantable loop recorder implantation; the ICHI "Cardiac event recorder" entity is an unassigned extension code for device specification, not an assignable procedure code.</td></tr><tr><td>1236930009 (Implantation of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.DN.AF (Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>The S-ICD is implanted entirely subcutaneously without transvenous or endocardial leads, whereas HFC.DN.AF specifies a percutaneous transluminal (transvenous/endocardial) approach, making the means axis a mismatch. No ICHI code exists specifically for subcutaneous defibrillator implantation, so this is the closest available code sharing the same target (cardiac conduction system) and action (permanent device implantation).</td></tr><tr><td>1010336006 (Right hydrocelectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGL.FA.AA (Incision of testis and tunica vaginalis)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated hydrocelectomy code; NGL.FA.AA is the closest available code as it targets the tunica vaginalis — the sac excised or everted in a hydrocelectomy — but captures an incision action rather than excision/eversion, and does not encode laterality.</td></tr><tr><td>429446009 (Insertion of catheter into blood vessel)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Both concepts describe inserting an intravascular device (catheter) into a blood vessel without specifying a particular vessel, making this the closest available ICHI match. However, the ICHI code constrains the approach to percutaneous/transluminal and uses the broader term "device" rather than "catheter," while the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic and explicitly names catheter insertion, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>48403009 (Insertion of infusion pump)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to insertion of an infusion pump generically (any site, any pump type), while the ICHI code captures the most common scenario — device insertion into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk — but is both anatomically restricted and not pump-specific. No ICHI code for a generic or non-insulin infusion pump insertion exists; the only pump-specific ICHI entry is limited to implantable insulin infusion pump.</td></tr><tr><td>449380001 (Insertion of orthodontic screw)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)</td><td>An orthodontic screw (TAD/mini-implant) is a temporary anchorage device screwed into jawbone for orthodontic anchorage, which is conceptually and functionally distinct from a prosthetic dental implant used for tooth replacement. ICHI lacks a dedicated orthodontic implant/screw category, so this dental implant code under "Interventions on teeth" is the closest available approximation, but the purpose and nature of the devices differ significantly.</td></tr><tr><td>1010436007 (Destruction of left fallopian tube)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMC.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube)</td><td>NMC.GA.AA is the only ICHI code in the fallopian tube block that uses the destruction action (GA), but it specifies destruction of a lesion within the tube rather than destruction of the tube itself, and ICHI does not encode laterality (left), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>1010437003 (Destruction of right fallopian tube)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMC.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube)</td><td>NMC.GA.AA is the only ICHI code in the fallopian tube block that uses the destruction action (GA) on the fallopian tube target (NMC), making it the closest structural match; however, the ICHI title specifies destruction of a "lesion of" the fallopian tube rather than the tube itself, and ICHI does not encode laterality (right), so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>1010452005 (Excision of left ovotestis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy)</td><td>An ovotestis is a gonad containing both ovarian and testicular tissue and is not represented in ICHI, which has no gonadectomy or DSD-specific gonadal excision code. NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy, total excision of ovary) is the closest available code as it represents total excision of a gonadal structure, but it does not capture the mixed tissue nature of an ovotestis, the laterality (left), or the DSD/intersex clinical context.</td></tr><tr><td>1010453000 (Excision of right ovotestis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy)</td><td>An ovotestis is a mixed gonad (containing both ovarian and testicular tissue) with no dedicated ICHI concept; NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy — total excision of the ovary) is the closest structural match, as ICHI has no code for gonadectomy or excision of an intersex/DSD gonad, and the ovarian tissue component makes this a better fit than orchidectomy, though neither code captures the mixed gonadal nature of the target. The laterality qualifier ("right") in the SNOMED concept is also not represented in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>43628009 (Introduction of needle into carotid artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBB.FA.AA (Incision of carotid artery, extracranial)</td><td>ICHI lacks a specific needle puncture or percutaneous access code for the carotid artery; "Incision of carotid artery, extracranial" (action FA = Incision, means AA = Open) is the closest available category on the correct target body part, but it implies a surgical cut with open approach rather than a needle introduction, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>1010714005 (Excision of left uterine adnexa)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy)</td><td>ICHI has no combined adnexectomy (ovary + fallopian tube) code; NMA.JK.AA covers only the oophorectomy component of the adnexal excision and does not capture the concurrent salpingectomy, nor does it encode left-sided laterality (which would require an extension code). The SNOMED concept is clinically broader, as uterine adnexa includes both the ovary and fallopian tube.</td></tr><tr><td>1010715006 (Excision of right uterine adnexa)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy)</td><td>ICHI NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy) covers total excision of the ovary but does not include the fallopian tube component that is part of adnexal excision, and does not specify laterality (right side); no single ICHI code exists for combined salpingo-oophorectomy, making this the best available but partial mapping. The right-side specificity of the SNOMED concept could partially be addressed with the laterality extension, but the multi-structure nature of adnexal excision remains unrepresented.</td></tr><tr><td>176054003 (Percutaneous nephroscopic balloon dilation of ureter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAE.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies percutaneous nephroscopic balloon dilation, which matches the percutaneous transluminal approach and device (balloon catheter) insertion captured by NAE.LH.AF. ICHI does not distinguish the nephroscopic (antegrade) route from other percutaneous transluminal approaches, nor specify balloon as the dilation mechanism, making it an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>118754003 (Procedure on gland)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the endocrine system, unspecified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping covering procedures on any gland (both endocrine and exocrine), whereas EZZ.ZZ.ZZ is scoped only to the endocrine system and excludes exocrine glands (salivary, lacrimal, etc.), which fall under separate ICHI body-system chapters. No single ICHI code spans all gland types.</td></tr><tr><td>31629005 (Pump extraction of milk from lactating breast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LCA.JB.AA (Drainage of breast)</td><td>Pump extraction of breast milk is a drainage-type action targeting the breast, making LCA.JB.AA the closest assignable ICHI category; however, ICHI has no code capturing the lactation context, the milk-specific target, or the pump/mechanical means, so the match is only approximate. The lactation block (BlockL5-NUH) is conceptually closer but contains no assignable procedure code for physical milk extraction.</td></tr><tr><td>103715008 (Removal of catheter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZD.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic "removal of catheter" code applicable across all anatomical sites; IZD.JD.AF is the closest match as catheters are predominantly vascular devices, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and could apply to non-vascular catheters (e.g., urinary, pleural).</td></tr><tr><td>6026008 (Removal of coronary artery obstruction by percutaneous transluminal balloon with thrombolytic agent)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of coronary artery)</td><td>This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure using both a balloon catheter and a thrombolytic agent; ICHI separates balloon angioplasty and thrombolysis into distinct codes with no combined code available. HIA.DB.AF is chosen because the thrombolytic agent is the pharmacologically active element, but the balloon component means neither ICHI code alone is precise.</td></tr><tr><td>405349002 (Removal of lower limb vascular prosthesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of artery of lower limb)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removal of a vascular prosthesis (graft) from the lower limb; IFA.JJ.AA is the closest approximation, as explantation of a vascular prosthesis involves excision of the graft from the arterial segment, but the ICHI code targets native arterial tissue excision rather than prosthesis removal.</td></tr><tr><td>732204000 (Repair of laceration of nose)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>The nose block (JAA) contains no general repair or wound closure code — only closure of nasal fistula — so the best available approximation is repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, which captures the wound-closure intent but is anatomically broader and does not specifically target the nose as a structural unit.</td></tr><tr><td>372456005 (Repair of obstetric laceration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAW.MK.AA (Repair of perineum)</td><td>Obstetric lacerations commonly involve the perineum, but the SNOMED concept also covers cervical, vaginal, and other obstetric tears beyond the perineum; PAW.MK.AA is the closest structural match but is both a site-specific subset and does not capture the full obstetric context.</td></tr><tr><td>237031007 (Repair of paraurethral tear)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)</td><td>A paraurethral tear involves periurethral soft tissues rather than the urethra itself, so NAM.MK.AA (repair of the urethra proper) is an approximate but not precise match; no dedicated ICHI code for paraurethral tissue repair exists.</td></tr><tr><td>20786009 (Revision of peripheral neurostimulator electrodes)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device)</td><td>ACA.KA.AE covers replacement of a device in the peripheral nerve percutaneously, capturing the revision/replacement intent and peripheral nerve target, but is constrained to a percutaneous approach whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify approach, and "revision" may involve repositioning rather than full replacement.</td></tr><tr><td>17286005 (Revision of spinal neurostimulator electrodes)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABN.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal nerve device)</td><td>ABN.KA.AE aligns on the spinal target and device-replacement intent, but the SNOMED concept targets the spinal cord neurostimulator electrode specifically and does not constrain to a percutaneous approach, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>236953000 (Therapeutic drainage of amniotic fluid by indwelling catheter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMM.JB.AC (Drainage of amniotic sac to decrease fluid volume via transcervical approach)</td><td>NMM.JB.AC captures the therapeutic intent (decreasing fluid volume) and the transcervical route that an indwelling catheter would follow, making it the closest available match. The SNOMED concept specifies an indwelling catheter, which is a narrower instrument detail not captured in the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>870745009 (Therapeutic transcatheter insertion of interatrial shunt)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into interatrial communication)</td><td>HAD.LH.AF captures percutaneous transcatheter access, device insertion, and the interatrial location. The SNOMED concept is specifically a shunt creation (establishing a new communication), whereas HAD.LH.AF describes dilatation with device insertion into an existing interatrial communication, introducing a slight mismatch in clinical intent.</td></tr><tr><td>48710004 (Thrombectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by abdominal incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>IEA.JE.AA covers open surgical removal of obstruction from the abdominal or pelvic artery (which includes the iliac segment) via open approach; however, ICHI uses "endarterectomy" rather than distinguishing catheter thrombectomy specifically, and the aortoiliac territory spans both abdominal aorta and iliac artery blocks.</td></tr><tr><td>112821001 (Thrombectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by leg incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>The aortoiliac territory maps best to the abdominal or pelvic artery block (IEA), and the open endarterectomy/extraction code (JE.AA) is the closest available action; the leg incision approach is not represented as a distinct means axis value in ICHI, making this an inexact match on both vessel target and approach.</td></tr><tr><td>39887009 (Thrombectomy with catheter of carotid artery by neck incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBB.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial)</td><td>This is the only open-approach intervention code at the correct anatomical site (extracranial carotid artery), but endarterectomy denotes removal of atherosclerotic plaque from the vessel wall, whereas thrombectomy with catheter is removal of a thrombus — a procedurally related but semantically distinct operation.</td></tr><tr><td>1231449003 (Transcatheter repair of tricuspid valve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HDH.ML.AF (Percutaneous transluminal reconstruction of tricuspid valve)</td><td>HDH.ML.AF is the closest available code capturing both the transcatheter/transluminal approach and a restorative intervention on the tricuspid valve; "repair" exists only as an open approach, while "reconstruction" is the transluminal variant, making it an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>231318003 (Wound infiltration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Wound infiltration is specifically the injection of local anaesthetic into a wound or tissue plane; the ICHI code covers generic injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying the substance or infiltration intent, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>405373005 (Abdominal vascular prosthesis thrombectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>This is the closest ICHI code for removing thrombotic obstruction from an abdominal vessel, but ICHI specifies an endovascular (percutaneous) approach and an artery, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a prosthesis (graft) as the target and does not specify approach or vessel type (artery vs vein). The semantic overlap is approximate rather than direct.</td></tr><tr><td>1336105008 (Airway clearance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Airway clearance is a multi-modal concept encompassing suctioning, postural drainage, coughing assistance, and other techniques to remove secretions; JZZ.JB.AC captures only the suctioning modality, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match. No single ICHI code covers the full breadth of airway clearance as a clinical intervention category.</td></tr><tr><td>446135006 (Amnioinfusion using ultrasound guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMM.DB.AC (Transcervical amnioinfusion)</td><td>NMM.DB.AC is the only ICHI amnioinfusion code and represents the transcervical approach, which aligns with the procedural intent, but the SNOMED concept specifies ultrasound guidance while the ICHI code defines the approach (transcervical) rather than the guidance modality — partially overlapping but not equivalent dimensions.</td></tr><tr><td>386513007 (Anesthesia management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DC.AC (Inhalational anaesthesia)</td><td>ICHI codes for anaesthesia all represent specific administration methods, whereas "anesthesia management" refers to the overall clinical oversight and conduct of anaesthesia without specifying technique. No single ICHI code captures the management concept broadly; the inhalational code is chosen as the most representative whole-body anaesthesia type.</td></tr><tr><td>82361004 (Anesthesia of intracranial nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAN.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve)</td><td>AAN.DC.AE covers percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a cranial nerve, which aligns well with the clinical intent; however, SNOMED's "intracranial nerve" may be slightly more specific than ICHI's "cranial nerve," and ICHI specifies the means as percutaneous injection while the SNOMED concept does not constrain delivery method.</td></tr><tr><td>310890002 (Application of cast brace)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A cast brace is a hybrid functional orthosis distinct from a simple cast or splint; the ICHI NEC cast/splint code captures generic cast application without site, broadly aligning but imprecisely.</td></tr><tr><td>430263007 (Arthroscopic shoulder decompression)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDB.JJ.AB (Arthroscopic partial ostectomy of bone of shoulder region)</td><td>Arthroscopic shoulder decompression (subacromial decompression) primarily involves arthroscopic acromioplasty — partial resection of the acromion (a bone of the shoulder region) — which aligns with this ICHI code. However, ICHI does not capture the full procedure intent (subacromial space widening, which may also include bursectomy), and the ICHI code covers any bone of the shoulder rather than the acromion specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>442891004 (Aspiration of cyst of breast using mammographic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)</td><td>LCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage (aspiration) of the breast, capturing the target organ and approach, but does not specify mammographic guidance (which would require a distinct means axis value) nor restrict the target to a cyst; the match is therefore approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>178106000 (Aspiration of ganglion - ankle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of ankle joint)</td><td>MNJ.JB.AE is the closest available code for a percutaneous aspiration at the ankle, but a ganglion cyst is a periarticular soft-tissue structure rather than the joint cavity itself, so the target (ankle joint vs. periarticular ganglion cyst) does not precisely align, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>709503007 (Assessment of quality of life)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)</td><td>PZB.AC.ZZ is the only ICHI code explicitly referencing quality of life; however, it uses the action "AC" (Test) rather than "AA" (Assessment), indicating a structured test instrument rather than a broader clinical assessment. The conceptual intent is closely aligned but the action axis differs, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>107641000202104 (Assessment of social interaction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SSG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in informal social relationships)</td><td>SSG.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code available for assessing how a person engages socially, but it is scoped to informal social relationships rather than social interaction as a general functional or clinical concept; the SNOMED concept is broader and could also cover formal or therapeutic interaction contexts.</td></tr><tr><td>711018006 (Assessment of social support)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEO.AA.ZZ (Assessment of general social support services, systems and policies)</td><td>UEO.AA.ZZ targets assessment at the level of social support services, systems and policies — an environmental/public-health perspective — whereas the SNOMED concept refers to assessing the social support available to or received by an individual patient, making the axes of assessment meaningfully different.</td></tr><tr><td>225964003 (Assisting with personal hygiene)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMB.RB.ZZ (Practical support with washing oneself)</td><td>"Personal hygiene" encompasses washing oneself (SMB) and caring for body parts (SMC), but no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of personal hygiene; SMB.RB.ZZ (washing oneself) captures the core activity most closely associated with personal hygiene assistance in a clinical setting.</td></tr><tr><td>1156693003 (Attention to heel protector)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PND.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to foot)</td><td>No ICHI code specifically addresses attention to or management of a heel protector. PND.DP.AH (installation of assistive product to foot) is the most proximate code but covers only the initial application/installation; "attention to" implies ongoing maintenance, checking, or replacement, and the SNOMED concept is more specific to the heel rather than the whole foot.</td></tr><tr><td>315644009 (Attention to laryngeal prosthetic device)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.KA.AD (Endoscopic replacement of laryngeal stent)</td><td>JAN.KA.AD is the only ICHI code in the larynx block that involves attending to an in-situ laryngeal device (endoscopic replacement of a laryngeal stent), making it the closest available match. However, it is inexact because it specifies stent replacement via endoscopy, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any form of attention (checking, adjusting, replacing) to any laryngeal prosthetic device — a considerably broader and semantically different concept.</td></tr><tr><td>235207006 (Attention to prosthesis within esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.SN.AC (Management of internal device for oesophagus)</td><td>"Management of internal device for oesophagus" aligns well with the concept of attending to an existing oesophageal prosthesis, and is the closest ICHI code semantically. However, "prosthesis" and "internal device" are not perfectly synonymous, and the ICHI code does not specify that the device is a prosthesis specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>711552004 (Attention to prosthetic ear bone anchor pin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAA.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of skull)</td><td>A bone-anchored hearing aid pin is a device implanted in the skull (temporal bone), and "replacement of internal device of skull" is the closest procedural action in ICHI for attending to this anchor. However, SNOMED's "attention to" encompasses all forms of maintenance (not only replacement), and the skull target is broader than the specific temporal bone site used for BAHA implants.</td></tr><tr><td>426243004 (Balloon kyphoplasty of fracture of spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are related but distinct procedures — kyphoplasty uses a balloon to create a cavity before cement injection (with height restoration), while vertebroplasty involves direct cement injection without a balloon; MBZ.ML.AE is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the balloon-mediated cavity creation or the fracture reduction aspect of kyphoplasty, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>173679008 (Balloon tamponade of esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.DL.AC (Insertion of device into oesophagus)</td><td>Balloon tamponade involves inserting an inflatable balloon device (e.g. Sengstaken-Blakemore tube) into the oesophagus to compress varices and control haemorrhage. ICHI has no dedicated oesophageal tamponade or haemostasis code; KBA.DL.AC captures the device-insertion component but does not encode the haemostatic compression purpose.</td></tr><tr><td>235247004 (Balloon tamponade of stomach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)</td><td>Gastric balloon tamponade uses an inflatable balloon device placed in the stomach to apply haemostatic pressure, analogous to the oesophageal form. ICHI lacks a dedicated gastric tamponade or haemostasis code; KBF.DL.AC represents the closest structural parallel (device insertion into stomach) but omits the compressive haemostatic intent.</td></tr><tr><td>410273004 (Behavior modification education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VFZ.PP.ZZ (Counselling about other specified health-related behaviours)</td><td>The SNOMED concept bundles education (PM), advising/guidance (PN), and counselling (PP) across unspecified health-related behaviours, whereas ICHI codes these as separate action axes; VFZ.PP.ZZ captures the counselling component for "other specified health-related behaviours" but omits the education and guidance dimensions, making it an approximate rather than exact or wider match.</td></tr><tr><td>228576005 (Behavior rehearsal technique)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Behaviour rehearsal is a cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy technique in which a patient practises new behaviours in a safe therapeutic setting; ICHI does not enumerate individual psychotherapy techniques, so PZB.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy NEC for the whole person) is the closest available code, but it is considerably broader than this specific technique.</td></tr><tr><td>240962009 (Biliary dilation procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is an unspecified biliary dilation procedure covering any approach and any biliary structure, while ICHI offers only approach-specific codes (KCM.LG.AD endoscopic, KCM.LG.AF percutaneous transluminal, KCM.LH.AA open with device insertion); KCM.LG.AD is chosen as the most clinically common approach, but the match is inexact because the SNOMED term is approach-agnostic and also encompasses dilation with or without device insertion.</td></tr><tr><td>410274005 (Bladder care education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NT2.PP.ZZ (Counselling for urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>NT2.PP.ZZ covers counselling for urinary functions (the urinary bladder being the primary organ involved), which is the closest single ICHI code; however, the SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counselling together, whereas ICHI separates these into distinct codes (NT2.PM.ZZ for education, NT2.PN.ZZ for advising, NT2.PP.ZZ for counselling), and none targets the bladder specifically rather than urinary functions in general.</td></tr><tr><td>234326005 (Bone marrow sampling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DGA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow)</td><td>Bone marrow sampling is performed clinically by percutaneous biopsy/aspiration, and DGA.AD.AE captures the biopsy form of this, but it also constrains the approach to percutaneous (AE) and the action to biopsy (AD) rather than the broader concept of "sampling," making it an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>362997005 (Brain stimulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.SC.BP (Stimulation of the brain using electric fields)</td><td>ICHI has two specific brain stimulation codes — AAA.SC.BP (electric field stimulation) and AAA.SC.BO (transcranial magnetic stimulation) — but no single umbrella category for "brain stimulation" as a generic grouper. AAA.SC.BP is the closest named category, but it covers only one modality (electrical), whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses all forms including magnetic and deep brain stimulation.</td></tr><tr><td>54636000 (Cardiomyopexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HZZ.MK.AA (Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Cardiomyopexy is the surgical attachment of a pedicled muscle (e.g., omentum or pectoralis) to the myocardium to improve vascularisation, a procedure not represented by any specific ICHI code; the closest available code covers open surgical repair of the heart in general, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>232970005 (Cardiomyoplasty operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HZZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of the heart, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Cardiomyoplasty involves wrapping a stimulated skeletal muscle (typically latissimus dorsi) around the heart to augment cardiac function, a reconstructive procedure with no dedicated ICHI code; "Reconstruction of the heart, NEC" is the closest structural fit but is considerably broader in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>276341003 (Cardiovascular investigation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HT2.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Cardiovascular investigation" in SNOMED covers all diagnostic procedures across the cardiovascular system (imaging, catheterisation, electrophysiology, functional tests), whereas HT2.AC.ZZ covers only functional testing of the cardiovascular system, making it an approximate but not full match.</td></tr><tr><td>309468007 (Cardiovascular observation regime)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HT2.AM.ZZ (Observation of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>HT2.AM.ZZ is the only ICHI code explicitly representing observation of the cardiovascular system, making it the closest available match. However, "observation regime" in SNOMED implies a structured, ongoing monitoring programme rather than a single observation action, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>363003006 (Cardiovascular physical examination)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>HT2.AA.ZZ represents assessment of cardiovascular function and is the broadest functional assessment code in the cardiovascular block, best approximating a cardiovascular physical examination. The ICHI code emphasises functional assessment rather than physical/clinical examination technique, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>1153458007 (Care of closed wound)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "closed wound care" concept; the closest clinical match is application of a dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue (LZZ.DK.AH), which represents the primary nursing action performed in caring for a closed wound, but the ICHI code does not capture the wound-care context specifically and is limited to the dressing step rather than the full scope of closed wound care.</td></tr><tr><td>1155760007 (Care of malignant wound)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no concept for malignant (fungating) wound care specifically; LZZ.DK.AH represents the dominant clinical action (wound dressing) within malignant wound care but does not encode the malignant nature of the wound or the full palliative care scope, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>1153457002 (Care of open wound)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI lacks a discrete "open wound care" category; LZZ.DK.AH (dressing of skin/subcutaneous tissue, NEC) is the closest actionable match as dressing application is the central component of open wound care, but it does not capture wound irrigation, debridement, or monitoring aspects that open wound care may also include.</td></tr><tr><td>225357008 (Care of pressure injury)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Pressure injury care is a multi-component nursing intervention (repositioning, wound cleaning, debridement, dressing application, skin protection) and no single ICHI code captures it in full; LZZ.DK.AH covers the most characteristic component — applying a wound dressing to skin — but is narrower than the full care bundle and body-site unspecified, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>35823001 (Catheter ablation of lesion of heart)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>HFC.GA.AF targets the cardiac conduction system specifically, whereas SNOMED's "lesion of heart" is a broader anatomical designation not restricted to the conduction system. The ICHI code captures the catheter-based ablation modality and cardiac site but does not semantically align with a generic cardiac lesion, making this an approximate rather than wider/narrower match.</td></tr><tr><td>90442009 (Cerclage of cervix during pregnancy by vaginal approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMF.LL.AC (Cerclage of internal cervical os)</td><td>ICHI has no code explicitly labelled "vaginal cerclage"; NMF.LL.AC represents the standard vaginally-performed cerclage technique (Shirodkar/McDonald) and is the best available match, but it defines the site rather than the approach and also lacks the pregnancy specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>231375007 (Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of vertebra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root)</td><td>ICHI has no code for facet joint denervation or medial branch/dorsal ramus nerve block specifically; the closest available code covers percutaneous destruction of a spinal nerve root, which shares the key axes (spinal nerve target, destruction action, percutaneous means) but refers to the nerve root rather than the facet joint's innervation, and does not capture the chemical means of denervation.</td></tr><tr><td>438555006 (Chemodenervation of internal sphincter muscle of anus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBX.DB.AE (Injection into anus)</td><td>KBX.DB.AE represents injection into the anus, which anatomically encompasses the internal sphincter as a target and matches the procedural means (percutaneous injection), but does not specify the internal sphincter muscle as the target or encode the chemodenervation mechanism, making it an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>27481003 (Chemosurgery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>Chemosurgery (topical chemical destruction of tissue) aligns with the destruction action axis applied to skin without incision, but the ICHI code is limited to head or neck skin; chemosurgery as a generic SNOMED concept is not body-site restricted and the chemical nature of the means is not encoded.</td></tr><tr><td>120150001 (Chest wall endoscopy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)</td><td>There is no dedicated chest wall endoscopy code in ICHI; the chest wall block (PAF) contains biopsy, drainage, excision, and repair codes but no endoscopic inspection category. JCH.AE.AB Transpleural thoracoscopy is the closest available code — an endoscopic procedure of the thoracic cavity accessed via the pleural space — but its target is the thoracic/pleural cavity rather than the chest wall itself.</td></tr><tr><td>37674006 (Child continence training)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NTD.PH.ZZ (Training of urination functions)</td><td>Child continence training typically encompasses both urinary and faecal continence (toilet training), whereas NTD.PH.ZZ addresses only training of urination functions; faecal continence training would fall under the defaecation functions block. Neither code alone captures the full scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>28443006 (Chiropractic diathermy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy)</td><td>ICHI has no diathermy-specific code; diathermy is a form of deep-heat/hyperthermy therapy applied to muscles and soft tissue, making MRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy, electromagnetic/radiofrequency means) the closest functional analogue. The match is inexact because diathermy is a specific electromagnetic technique and the SNOMED concept is chiropractic-provider-specific.</td></tr><tr><td>172629000 (Clearance of external auditory canal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAE.JA.AC (Irrigation of external auditory canal)</td><td>Clearance of the external auditory canal corresponds most closely to irrigation of the external auditory canal in ICHI; however, the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing mechanical removal methods in addition to irrigation, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>427391006 (Clearance of secretions of respiratory tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JZZ.JB.AC (Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no single code for secretion clearance of the respiratory tract as a whole; JZZ.JB.AC is the closest single code, but the SNOMED concept is broader — it encompasses suctioning, postural drainage, chest physiotherapy, and other techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>386496003 (Closed drainage wound care)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for closed (sealed/suction) wound drainage; the closest available concept is the application of a dressing to skin or subcutaneous tissue, which captures wound care management but does not represent the drainage/drain-tube aspect.</td></tr><tr><td>127588005 (Closed reduction of dislocation AND application of cast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>The SNOMED concept combines two procedures — closed reduction of a dislocation and cast application — at an unspecified joint, and no single ICHI code captures this combination; MRJ.LD.AH covers the reduction component but omits the cast immobilisation.</td></tr><tr><td>179634002 (Closed reduction of dislocation of nasal septum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose)</td><td>ICHI has no specific closed reduction code for the nasal septum; the closest available code is closed reduction of the nose (nasal bone), which is anatomically adjacent but targets a different structure.</td></tr><tr><td>450656006 (Closed reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for the epiphyseal growth plate (physeal/Salter-Harris injuries); the closest available code is closed reduction of bone at an unspecified site, which captures the closed reduction approach but does not distinguish the epiphyseal plate as the injured structure.</td></tr><tr><td>1287543006 (Coagulation of external ear using electrical energy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAC.GA.AA (Destruction of auricle of ear)</td><td>The SNOMED concept targets the "external ear" broadly (auricle plus external auditory canal), while CAC.GA.AA is specific to the auricle; furthermore, the electrical energy means is not captured in the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>386241007 (Cognitive stimulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUH.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for higher-level cognitive functions)</td><td>Cognitive stimulation is a structured therapeutic technique to engage and stimulate cognitive functioning, which aligns most closely with AUH.PG.ZZ in the specific mental functions block. No dedicated "cognitive stimulation" code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>182660006 (Cold therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.SE.ZZ (Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Cold therapy (cryotherapy) as applied in rehabilitation and pain management primarily targets peripheral body areas, making PZX.SE.ZZ the best available match. ICHI does not have a dedicated "cold therapy" or physiotherapy modality code.</td></tr><tr><td>418479003 (Community education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXB.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in community life)</td><td>"Education about engaging in community life" is the closest assignable ICHI category, but the SNOMED concept denotes educating a population or community group broadly, whereas the ICHI code frames it as education directed at an individual about their participation in community life.</td></tr><tr><td>424673000 (Community resources education, guidance and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEO.PM.ZZ (Education about general social support services, systems and policies)</td><td>"Community resources" is most closely mirrored by UEO.PM.ZZ; the match is inexact because the ICHI code refers to services/systems/policies rather than "community resources" broadly, and the SNOMED concept also encompasses guidance and counselling.</td></tr><tr><td>17217009 (Composite graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for composite grafts (grafts combining multiple tissue types such as skin and cartilage); LZZ.ML.AA is the closest available code as a skin graft residual category but does not capture the multi-tissue nature.</td></tr><tr><td>84251009 (Comprehensive consultation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>ICHI has no consultation code; the closest functional equivalent is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person), which overlaps with what a comprehensive consultation achieves, but ICHI does not encode the act of consulting/advising.</td></tr><tr><td>3891000 (Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent dentition, for class I malocclusion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)</td><td>ICHI has no specific orthodontic treatment code; KAE.SM.AC captures ongoing management of orthodontic braces but does not cover the full scope of comprehensive orthodontic treatment including diagnosis, planning, and fitting, nor does it distinguish dentition type or malocclusion class.</td></tr><tr><td>77406008 (Confirmatory medical consultation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>ICHI contains no code for a confirmatory or second-opinion consultation as a distinct clinical encounter type; "General health assessment" is the closest approximation but does not capture the confirmatory or inter-clinician referral nature.</td></tr><tr><td>400984005 (Congenital hypothyroidism screening test)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG6YN3 (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)</td><td>Congenital hypothyroidism newborn screening is performed primarily by TSH measurement, and XG6YN3 is the ICHI essential laboratory test code for TSH; however, the ICHI code names only the analyte/test, while the SNOMED concept specifies the full neonatal screening programme context.</td></tr><tr><td>420650002 (Consultation for pain)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.PP.ZZ (Counselling for pain)</td><td>ICHI's counselling for pain targets the same clinical domain (sensation of pain as the intervention target, action PP = counselling), making this the closest available match; however, a SNOMED "consultation for pain" is a broader clinical encounter that may include assessment, investigation, and treatment planning, whereas ICHI's code specifies only the counselling action component.</td></tr><tr><td>439301002 (Contouring of forehead for reduction and application of prosthetic material)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)</td><td>This SNOMED concept describes craniofacial bone contouring of the forehead with prosthetic augmentation, corresponding most closely to cranial osteoplasty; however, ICHI does not capture the specific sub-procedure of forehead reduction with prosthetic material application, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>440590002 (Contouring of forehead for reduction and setback of anterior frontal sinus wall)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)</td><td>Setback of the anterior frontal sinus wall is an osteotomy-and-repositioning procedure of the skull, best captured by cranial osteoplasty in ICHI; the frontal sinus block (JAG) does not contain a code for wall setback or craniofacial contouring, so this is an approximate match at the skull-reconstruction level.</td></tr><tr><td>19067002 (Control of epistaxis by excision of nasal mucosa with grafting)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAA.LA.AC (Control of epistaxis)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes a compound procedure — excision of nasal mucosa combined with grafting to achieve haemostasis — which is not representable by a single ICHI code; "Control of epistaxis" captures the therapeutic intent but entirely misses the excision and reconstruction components, so the match is approximate at best.</td></tr><tr><td>410282005 (Coping skills education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SDJ.PM.ZZ (Education about handling stress and other psychological demands)</td><td>ICHI's SDJ block (handling stress and other psychological demands) is the best structural match for coping skills, and SDJ.PM.ZZ (education) covers the education/guidance component; however, no single ICHI code combines education, guidance, and counselling as the SNOMED concept does — SDJ.PP.ZZ (counselling) or SDJ.PN.ZZ (advising) would each capture only part of the concept — making this an inexact, partial match.</td></tr><tr><td>409062000 (Coping skills treatments and procedures)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SDJ.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands)</td><td>"Coping skills treatments and procedures" is a broad SNOMED grouper covering any therapeutic intervention to build coping capacity; SDJ.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy for handling stress and psychological demands) is the most treatment-oriented code in the SDJ block and a reasonable approximation, but it specifies psychotherapy specifically rather than the wider set of therapeutic modalities implied by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>448402000 (Core decompression of head of femur)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of femur)</td><td>ICHI contains no code specifically for core decompression of the femoral head; MLB.JI.AA "Local excision of lesion of femur" is the closest available match because core decompression involves removal of a core of bone tissue from the femoral head, which approximates a local excision of bone, but the intent (relieving intraosseous pressure in avascular necrosis) and technique differ meaningfully from a standard lesion excision.</td></tr><tr><td>275249009 (Correction of scoliosis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Surgical correction of scoliosis most commonly involves spinal fusion with instrumentation, making MBZ.LE.AA the closest available ICHI code; however, the match is inexact because scoliosis correction may also involve osteotomy or other techniques, and the ICHI code does not capture the scoliosis indication or the multi-level nature of the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>1345170008 (Counseling about housing)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SNC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about acquiring a place to live)</td><td>SNC.PP.ZZ is the closest individual-level housing counselling code in ICHI, but it frames housing narrowly as "acquiring a place to live" rather than the full range of housing topics (safety, suitability, adaptations, homelessness) covered by the SNOMED concept, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>1303768005 (Counseling about transportation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SKA.PN.ZZ (Advising about using transportation)</td><td>SKA.PN.ZZ covers advising about using transportation (an activity/participation domain code), which is the closest available match; however, the SNOMED concept uses the counselling action (PP) rather than advising (PN), and no fully assignable counselling-about-transportation code exists. SKA.PN.ZZ is a reasonable approximation but the action axis differs slightly.</td></tr><tr><td>405350002 (Removal of abdominal vascular prosthesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>IZA.JD.AF is the closest available ICHI code for removal of an intravascular device from an artery when no more specific abdominal artery code with a JD (removal) action exists; the ICHI code does not distinguish prostheses from other devices, does not specify the abdominal location, and does not cover venous prostheses, making this an approximate rather than precise match.</td></tr><tr><td>1366575006 (Ultrasonography guided catheter-directed injection of sclerosing agent foam into vein)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFD.GA.AF (Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb)</td><td>Chemical foam sclerotherapy is a form of endovenous chemical destruction, so IFD.GA.AF captures the functional intent; however the ICHI code is limited to the lower limb while the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified, and ICHI does not distinguish the foam injection technique from other endovenous destruction methods.</td></tr><tr><td>1359752000 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into abdomen)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>ICHI has no code for percutaneous device insertion into the abdominal cavity or organs; the closest available code targets the integumentary layer of the trunk, which is anatomically narrower than the abdominal cavity, so the match is only approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>1359753005 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into pelvis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.DL.AE (Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>ICHI has no code for percutaneous device insertion into the pelvic cavity or its organs, and no pelvic NOS block with a device insertion code; the closest available code targets the integumentary tissue of the trunk, which does not accurately represent the pelvic target site.</td></tr><tr><td>702593002 (Ultrasound guided needle localization of chest)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAE.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of thorax)</td><td>ICHI has no code for needle localization under ultrasound guidance; PAE.BA.BJ captures only the ultrasound imaging component of the chest and omits the needle localization action that is the defining feature of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>702592007 (Ultrasound guided needle localization of pelvis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAK.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of abdomen)</td><td>ICHI lacks both a pelvic-specific topographic imaging code and any needle localization procedure code; PAK.BA.BJ is the nearest topographic ultrasound code but covers the abdomen rather than the pelvis, and entirely omits the needle localization action.</td></tr><tr><td>281588005 (Vascular cannula insertion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This is the closest ICHI code for inserting a device into a blood vessel, but it specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach while vascular cannula insertion can also be performed via open cutdown; the SNOMED concept is not restricted to percutaneous access, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>233551001 (Vascular cannula unblockage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Clearing a blocked cannula maps most closely to extracting an obstruction from a blood vessel, but ICHI conceptualises this as a vessel-level obstruction (e.g. thrombus) rather than a device-level blockage; the clinical intent is similar but the target of the intervention differs.</td></tr><tr><td>710853006 (Assessment of fluid balance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMG.AB.ZZ (Measurement of fluid intake)</td><td>ICHI has no code representing overall fluid balance assessment (intake versus output); SMG.AB.ZZ captures only the intake component, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>231421000 (Cryotherapy to trigger point)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SE.AH (Hypothermy for pain)</td><td>A trigger point is a focal area of muscle pain/tenderness, and cryotherapy to it is a cold-based pain relief intervention; AXA.SE.AH (Hypothermy for pain) captures the cold modality applied for pain management but does not specify the trigger point target or muscle site, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>90226004 (Cytopathology procedure, preparation of smear, genital source)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)</td><td>NMF.AH.XH represents a smear preparation from a genital source (cervix) and is the closest assignable ICHI code, but it is narrower (cervix only, not all genital sources) and conflates collection with preparation rather than isolating the preparation step; the SNOMED concept covers any genital-source smear preparation.</td></tr><tr><td>229203005 (Daily living activities in water)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMB.RA.ZZ (Performing the task of washing oneself)</td><td>ICHI has no code for water-based activities of daily living as a category; the closest approximation within the activities-and-participation domain is SMB.RA.ZZ (performing washing oneself), which captures a functional self-care activity performed in water, but does not cover the full breadth of water-based daily living activities (e.g., swimming, hydrotherapy). The match is approximate rather than direct.</td></tr><tr><td>410283000 (Day care/respite education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEO.RG.ZZ (Providing general social support services, systems and policies)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for day care or respite services with an educational and counselling component; UEO.RG.ZZ (providing general social support services) is the closest available code as it encompasses the delivery of community-based support services to patients and caregivers, but it is broader and does not capture the education, guidance, and counselling dimensions of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>238301005 (Debulking of lesion of peritoneum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue)</td><td>Debulking implies deliberate partial removal of a lesion to reduce tumour burden rather than complete local excision, so the SNOMED concept is functionally distinct from full local excision. KMA.JI.AA is the closest available code in ICHI's peritoneum section — no dedicated debulking or cytoreduction code exists — making this an approximate but not equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>133920001 (Decision making encouragement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SCL.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for decision making)</td><td>"Decision making encouragement" is a motivational/supportive intervention to foster patient autonomy in decision-making, which most closely aligns with SCL.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for decision making). The match is inexact because "encouragement" has a distinct motivational connotation not fully captured by "emotional support," and ICHI does not have a dedicated "encouragement" intervention type.</td></tr><tr><td>363050002 (Decompression of ear structure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBA.FC.AC (Release of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept "ear structure" is deliberately non-specific and could encompass the middle ear, inner ear, or other ear structures, whereas ICHI's release code is anchored to the middle ear; no generic "ear decompression" code exists in ICHI. The match is approximate given the ambiguity of the SNOMED term and the narrower anatomical scope of the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>48914004 (Decompression of hand, injection injury)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGL.FA.AA (Incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)</td><td>Decompression following high-pressure injection injury to the hand requires urgent surgical incision of the fascial compartments (fasciotomy) of the hand to relieve pressure, which is best approximated by the ICHI code for incision of fascia of hand or finger. The match is inexact because the SNOMED concept encodes both the decompression purpose and the injection-injury aetiology, neither of which is captured in the ICHI title.</td></tr><tr><td>28537006 (Decompression of internal auditory canal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CCA.FA.AC (Incision of inner ear)</td><td>The internal auditory canal is a bony canal within the petrous bone containing cranial nerves VII and VIII; its decompression involves drilling into the bone, which is not precisely represented in ICHI. The closest available code is incision of inner ear (CCA.FA.AC), as the inner ear block (BlockL4-CCA) is the most anatomically relevant section, but this is an approximate match since ICHI does not have a dedicated internal auditory canal target or a bone-drilling/decompression action for this structure.</td></tr><tr><td>69003002 (Decompression of muscle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.FB.AA (Division of muscle of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no code explicitly for muscle decompression (e.g., fasciotomy for compartment syndrome); the closest available code is "Division of muscle of unspecified site," which represents a related surgical action on muscle tissue, but does not precisely capture the decompression intent and the target axis is the muscle itself rather than its compartment or fascia.</td></tr><tr><td>38135000 (Decompression of nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.FC.AA (Release of peripheral nerve)</td><td>"Decompression of nerve" is a generic SNOMED concept covering both peripheral and central nerves, while "Release of peripheral nerve" covers only the peripheral nervous system; this is the best available match but it excludes spinal nerve root and cranial nerve decompression which also fall under the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>79538007 (Decompression of thoracic outlet by tenotomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCT.FC.AA (Release of tendon of trunk)</td><td>ICHI does not have a thoracic outlet tenotomy code; the closest approximation is MCT.FC.AA "Release of tendon of trunk," which covers tendon release in the trunk region where the thoracic outlet is anatomically located. The match is inexact because ICHI uses "release" (FC) rather than tenotomy/division (FA), the thoracic outlet is not equivalent to the trunk as a target, and the decompression-by-tenotomy specificity is lost.</td></tr><tr><td>1335753008 (Decompression of thoracic spinal cord and fusion of joint of thoracic spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBG.LE.AA (Fusion of thoracic spine)</td><td>This SNOMED concept encodes a compound procedure (spinal cord decompression plus thoracic spine fusion) for which ICHI has no single code. MBG.LE.AA "Fusion of thoracic spine" represents the definitive stabilisation component at the correct anatomical site, but does not capture the spinal cord decompression component (ABA.FC.AA would be needed for that), making the single-code mapping inherently inexact.</td></tr><tr><td>1115001 (Decortication)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of pleura)</td><td>Decortication (SNOMED 1115001) is an unspecified/generic concept that in clinical use most commonly refers to pleural decortication — removal of the restrictive fibrous peel from the visceral pleura — which aligns best with JCA.JJ.AA (partial excision of pleura); however, the match is inexact because the SNOMED concept is broader (decortication can apply to lung, kidney, etc.) and the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the decortication technique.</td></tr><tr><td>78110003 (Destruction of lesion of choroid by implantation of radiation source)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy)</td><td>BCA.GA.BA covers destruction of posterior eyeball structures (which includes the choroid) by radiotherapy, matching the radiation-based mechanism. However, SNOMED specifies implantation of a radiation source (brachytherapy/plaque), while the ICHI code does not distinguish between brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>120224007 (Destructive procedure in forearm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFJ.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "destruction of forearm tissue" code; the only forearm-region destruction code is for the wrist joint specifically (BlockL4-MFB > BlockL5-MFJ). This is an approximate match — same anatomical region and destructive action, but restricted to the joint rather than covering the full range of forearm tissues implied by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>86201001 (Destructive procedure of musculoskeletal system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MZZ.ZZ.ZZ (Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified)</td><td>ICHI has no "destruction of musculoskeletal structure NEC" code; the only musculoskeletal system-level unspecified code (MZZ.ZZ.ZZ) covers any unspecified musculoskeletal intervention, not destruction specifically, making it only approximately related. The SNOMED concept specifies the action (destructive) while the ICHI code is action-agnostic.</td></tr><tr><td>58117001 (Destructive procedure of shoulder and arm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAE.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)</td><td>No single ICHI code covers destruction across the full shoulder-and-arm region for all tissue types; LAE.GA.AH is the broadest anatomically relevant code (upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue), but the SNOMED concept encompasses deep structures including bone, muscle, and joint of both the shoulder and arm, which this ICHI code does not capture.</td></tr><tr><td>103724004 (Destructive procedure on skin using laser surgery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no means code that explicitly represents laser surgery for skin destruction; LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin (NEC, non-radiotherapy, non-site-specific) which aligns with the action and target axes of the SNOMED concept, but the laser modality is not specified in the ICHI code and the anatomical site is left unspecified (NEC), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>61473007 (Detorsion of ovary)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMA.FC.AA (Release of ovary)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "reduction of torsion of ovary" code (unlike its counterparts for spermatic cord and fallopian tube); "Release of ovary" is the closest available code, as detorsion involves releasing the twisted adnexal pedicle, but the action axis FC (release/freeing of adhesions) is broader and does not specifically denote torsion correction.</td></tr><tr><td>274387006 (Diagnostic aspiration of breast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LCA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of breast)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "aspiration of breast" code; percutaneous drainage of breast is the closest procedural match (same approach, same target, fluid removal), but the ICHI code implies a therapeutic drainage intent whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a diagnostic aspiration for cytological or fluid analysis.</td></tr><tr><td>1398005 (Direct thrombectomy of iliac vein by incision of lower limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IED.FA.AA (Incision of abdominal or pelvic vein)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies open thrombectomy of the iliac vein via a lower limb incision — a procedure spanning both pelvic (iliac) and lower limb anatomy. ICHI's IED.FA.AA captures the iliac vein target with an open approach but does not encode the thrombectomy action (removal of thrombus) nor the lower-limb incision access; IFD.FA.AA (incision of lower limb vein) captures the access route but misses the iliac target, so neither is a clean fit and IED.FA.AA is the least-wrong choice.</td></tr><tr><td>56991008 (Discission)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy)</td><td>Discission is an ophthalmologic needle-incision of the lens capsule (used historically for cataract or posterior capsule opacification), functionally equivalent to capsulotomy — incision of the lens capsule. ICHI has no specific "discission" code, but BBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy, within the Interventions on Lens block) is the closest structural and procedural match; the terminology differs but the target anatomy and action align well.</td></tr><tr><td>440546007 (Discussion about pregnancy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)</td><td>NUE.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for a clinical encounter focused on pregnancy, covering education/information provision about pregnancy functions within the genitourinary system block. The match is inexact because SNOMED's concept is a general discussion (could include counselling, planning, or risk discussion), whereas ICHI is scoped to education specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>1356785007 (Doppler ultrasonography of penis with injection of vasoactive agent into corpus cavernosum of penis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGM.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of penis)</td><td>NGM.BA.BJ captures the ultrasound component of this combined diagnostic-interventional procedure (penile Doppler imaging), but ICHI has no equivalent code for the intracavernosal vasoactive injection component, leaving a clinically significant part of the SNOMED concept unrepresented.</td></tr><tr><td>231414000 (Dorsal root entry zone lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABN.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal nerve root)</td><td>DREZ-tomy creates a surgical lesion at the dorsal horn entry zone of the spinal cord to ablate pain pathways, which is distinct from simple nerve root destruction; ABN.GA.AA is the closest ICHI code but does not precisely capture the spinal cord dorsal horn target or the specific neurosurgical lesioning technique.</td></tr><tr><td>791006 (Dressing and fixation procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This SNOMED concept combines two distinct components — wound dressing and mechanical fixation — but ICHI only provides codes for one at a time; LZZ.DK.AH covers the dressing aspect but has no direct parallel for the combined dressing-and-fixation concept, making this an approximate match at best.</td></tr><tr><td>385947005 (Dressing change assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The closest ICHI match is a general skin/subcutaneous tissue assessment; ICHI does not have a specific code for assessing a wound during or after a dressing change, making this an approximate alignment focused on the assessment act rather than the dressing-change context.</td></tr><tr><td>410285007 (Dressing change/wound care education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LT2.PM.ZZ (Education about skin functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>LT2.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for educating a patient about skin-related care, but it does not specifically address wound care or dressing technique and does not capture the guidance/counselling components that are part of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>1259018009 (Education about adult learning center)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>STC.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in informal education)</td><td>Adult learning centers provide non-formal continuing education for adults, which maps closest to ICHI's informal education target (STC). The ICHI code covers the same general domain but does not distinguish adult learning centers as a specific setting, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>710716009 (Education about breast care during postpartum period)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUH.PM.ZZ (Education about lactation)</td><td>Postpartum breast care education is predominantly centred on lactation support, making NUH.PM.ZZ the closest clinical match; however, the SNOMED concept is broader as it includes non-lactation aspects of postpartum breast care (e.g., mastitis prevention, engorgement management) that are not captured by the lactation-specific ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>710717000 (Education about breast care during prenatal period)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUH.PM.ZZ (Education about lactation)</td><td>Prenatal breast care education is primarily directed at preparing for breastfeeding, making NUH.PM.ZZ the closest available ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing general breast health during pregnancy beyond lactation preparation, and the prenatal timing is not reflected in the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>720510004 (Education about chronic kidney disease)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NT2.PM.ZZ (Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated code for education about kidney disease as a pathological condition; NT2.PM.ZZ targets urinary functions (a functional domain) rather than the disease entity of chronic kidney disease. The match is approximate — the functional scope overlaps with CKD management education but the framing and target differ.</td></tr><tr><td>710553000 (Education about fluid balance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ETE.PM.ZZ (Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)</td><td>Fluid balance and water/electrolyte balance are closely related but not identical physiological concepts — fluid balance encompasses broader aspects (e.g. intake/output, oedema management) beyond just water-mineral-electrolyte balance. The ICHI code is the best available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>1345005002 (Education about parenting skills)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEJ.PM.ZZ (Education to influence parenting behaviours)</td><td>VEJ.PM.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code available for parenting-related education and aligns well with the intervention type. However, SNOMED frames the concept as imparting parenting skills (a competency/knowledge focus), while ICHI frames it as influencing parenting behaviours (a behaviour-change focus), creating a meaningful semantic difference.</td></tr><tr><td>243112001 (Educational placement for visually impaired child)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>STE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)</td><td>ICHI has no code for educational placement as such, nor a code specific to visual impairment in children. STE.RB.ZZ (practical support with school education) is the closest match — it captures the facilitative/support action toward school participation — but it is neither specific to visual impairment nor to the formal placement decision.</td></tr><tr><td>303394007 (Electrocoagulation of gastric lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)</td><td>Both concepts describe destruction of a gastric lesion, but the ICHI code specifies the endoscopic approach while the SNOMED concept specifies electrocoagulation as the means without mandating an approach; the overlap is substantial but neither is a strict superset of the other.</td></tr><tr><td>414089002 (Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent)</td><td>HIA.LH.AF is the most specific ICHI code for percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting, the predominant form of PCI in contemporary practice; the SNOMED concept covers PCI broadly (including balloon-only angioplasty) and encodes an emergency context that ICHI does not capture.</td></tr><tr><td>395094003 (Emotional and psychosocial support and education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATF.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for global psychosocial functions)</td><td>ATF.RC.ZZ captures the emotional support component targeting global psychosocial functions, which aligns well with the support dimension of the SNOMED concept; however, the education component is a separate ICHI code (ATF.PM.ZZ), and the SNOMED concept bundles both into one undifferentiated term.</td></tr><tr><td>698412001 (Endoscopic coagulation of esophageal hemorrhage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic haemostasis or bleeding control code for the oesophagus (unlike the colon); KBA.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of oesophageal tissue, which is the closest functional match for thermal/electrocoagulation of a bleeding site, but the "destruction" framing is not equivalent to haemostasis and the code does not specifically convey bleeding control.</td></tr><tr><td>698411008 (Endoscopic control of esophageal hemorrhage by injection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.DB.AD (Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus)</td><td>KBA.DB.AD captures the injection/agent-administration aspect of the procedure endoscopically in the oesophagus, which aligns with the "by injection" means in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is framed as administration into a lesion rather than explicitly as haemostatic injection, so the bleeding control intent is not conveyed.</td></tr><tr><td>426589007 (Endoscopic decompression of joint)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.JB.AA (Drainage of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically titled "endoscopic decompression of joint"; joint decompression via endoscopy is functionally achieved by drainage (fluid removal), so MRJ.JB.AA is the closest structural match, but it does not encode the endoscopic approach and the decompression intent is only implied by the drainage action.</td></tr><tr><td>609283008 (Endoscopic surgical procedure on esophagus using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>Laser surgery on the oesophagus is most commonly ablative/destructive, and KBA.GA.AD captures the endoscopic destruction action on the oesophagus; however, ICHI does not encode laser as a specific means, and the SNOMED concept is broader than destruction alone (it could include excision), making this an approximate rather than precise match.</td></tr><tr><td>609284002 (Endoscopic surgical procedure on stomach using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)</td><td>KBF.GA.AD captures endoscopic destruction on the stomach, which aligns with the primary clinical use of laser in this context, but ICHI lacks a laser-specific means code and the SNOMED term is broader than destruction alone, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>7824000 (Enlargement of pre-existing atrial septal defect)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication)</td><td>HAD.LG.AF represents the percutaneous balloon dilatation of an interatrial communication, which is the predominant technique used to enlarge a pre-existing atrial septal defect (e.g., Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy). The SNOMED concept is slightly broader as enlargement could also be achieved by other means (e.g., surgical), whereas the ICHI code specifies the percutaneous transluminal approach.</td></tr><tr><td>50887005 (Enlargement of pre-existing foramen ovale)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication)</td><td>A patent foramen ovale is anatomically an interatrial communication at the same septal level, and HAD.LG.AF is the best available ICHI match for enlarging a pre-existing foramen ovale. The code is not specific to the foramen ovale as a distinct anatomical variant versus a general atrial septal defect, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>134425009 (Enuresis support)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NTD.PH.ZZ (Training of urination functions)</td><td>ICHI has no enuresis-specific code; NTD.PH.ZZ (training of urination functions) is the closest functional match as enuresis support typically involves behavioural/functional training of urination, but the ICHI code does not specifically denote enuresis or a support-oriented framing.</td></tr><tr><td>386288006 (Environmental management: worker safety)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VCB.TM.ZZ (Environment modification to influence workplace safety behaviours)</td><td>VCB.TM.ZZ encodes environment modification targeting workplace safety behaviours, which aligns with the intent of managing the environment for worker safety, but ICHI frames the target as a safety behaviour rather than the environment itself as a hazard domain, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>34814005 (Epicardial poudrage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFF.DB.AE (Injection into the pericardium)</td><td>Epicardial poudrage involves applying an irritant powder to the epicardial surface to stimulate adhesion or neovascularization, which is not injection and is performed open surgically (not percutaneously); HFF.DB.AE is the closest available pericardium-intervention code involving introduction of a substance, but the route, technique, and purpose differ significantly.</td></tr><tr><td>1255196002 (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with control of hemorrhage of esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no haemostasis or hemorrhage-control code for the oesophagus; KBA.GA.AD is the closest endoscopic interventional code on oesophageal tissue, but "destruction of lesion or tissue" is a different clinical action than "control of haemorrhage."</td></tr><tr><td>370795000 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of injury as a result of positioning)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Positioning-related injury most commonly presents as pressure injury or skin/tissue damage, making assessment of skin functions the closest ICHI category available. However, positioning injury can also affect nerves, muscles, and joints, so the match is approximate rather than direct.</td></tr><tr><td>250570001 (Evaluation of acid-base balance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ETE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function)</td><td>Acid-base balance (pH regulation via bicarbonate and CO2) is physiologically distinct from but closely related to water, mineral, and electrolyte balance, as both reflect the body's internal chemical homeostasis. No dedicated ICHI code for acid-base balance exists, making ETE.AA.ZZ the nearest available category.</td></tr><tr><td>447241003 (Evaluation of endocrine system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>EZZ.AA.ZZ is the residual whole-endocrine-system assessment code and aligns well with the SNOMED concept's broad scope, but the "not elsewhere classified" qualifier means it is a residual catch-all rather than a dedicated code for general endocrine system evaluation.</td></tr><tr><td>443466001 (Evaluation of gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of function of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code for structural/anatomical assessment of the gastrointestinal tract; KT2.AA.ZZ is the best available residual code under digestive system interventions, but it targets digestive system functions rather than the gastrointestinal tract as an anatomical entity.</td></tr><tr><td>274943006 (Examination of female genital tract under anesthetic)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMS.AE.AC (Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>NMS.AE.AC represents an internal gynaecological examination (per orifice approach, AC means), which captures the internal examination of the female genital tract; however, ICHI does not encode the use of anaesthesia as part of this code, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>231751005 (Exchange of intraocular lens)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "replacement/exchange of intraocular lens" code; BBF.ML.AA (lens target, insertion of prosthetic lens, open approach) captures the insertion component of the exchange but omits the removal of the existing lens (BBF.JD.AA), making it an incomplete but closest available approximation of the bilateral-step procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>1351330009 (Excimer laser trabeculostomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBE.GA.AH (Destruction of anterior chamber of eye)</td><td>Excimer laser trabeculostomy creates outflow channels through the trabecular meshwork using laser ablation (a destruction mechanism) in the anterior chamber, but ICHI has no dedicated trabeculostomy or trabecular meshwork code — BBE.GA.AH is the closest available code capturing the target (anterior chamber) and the energy-based ablative action, though it does not specify the laser modality, the trabecular target, or the outflow-creating intent.</td></tr><tr><td>119582004 (Excision of neck)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "excision of neck" code — neck procedures are split across vascular (IBA/IBD), lymphatic (DFB), and skin/subcutaneous (LAA) targets. LAA.JJ.AA is the closest approximate match for a non-specific neck excision targeting superficial structures of the head or neck, but it does not cover deeper neck structures and is scoped to head or neck combined rather than neck alone.</td></tr><tr><td>432258004 (Excision of neoplasm of central nervous system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of brain)</td><td>The CNS encompasses brain, spinal cord, meninges, and other structures, while AAA.JI.AA is limited to brain lesion excision only. ICHI provides site-specific codes for each CNS structure (AAA for brain, ABA for spinal cord, AAC for meninges, etc.) but no single code covering the CNS as a whole, making AAA.JI.AA an approximate match for the most common scenario but not covering the full scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>1263735008 (Excision of rectum by TEM (transanal endoscopic microsurgery))</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.JJ.AC (Transanal resection of rectum)</td><td>KBW.JJ.AC matches the transanal route and partial rectal resection, which aligns well with TEM. However, TEM is a specific microsurgical endoscopic technique whereas KBW.JJ.AC uses the means axis .AC (transanal approach) without distinguishing the endoscopic microsurgery instrument; the more granular endoscopic local excision code KBW.JI.AD could also be considered for smaller TEM lesion excisions, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>444029007 (Exploration of wrist with removal of deep foreign body)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from wrist joint)</td><td>MFJ.JD.AA captures the wrist site and foreign body removal action that are central to this SNOMED concept, but it is scoped to the wrist joint specifically rather than the broader soft tissue/deep structures around the wrist, and ICHI does not have a combined "exploration plus removal" code that reflects the procedural intent described in the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>79259004 (Extraction of secondary membrane by needling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBF.GA.AA (Mechanical fragmentation of secondary membrane)</td><td>BBF.GA.AA "Mechanical fragmentation of secondary membrane" is the closest ICHI code for treating a secondary membrane (posterior capsule opacification), but it specifies mechanical fragmentation as the technique rather than needling (discission). Since needling is a specific mechanical technique for disrupting a secondary membrane, this is an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>170945005 (Eye disorder monitoring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Ongoing monitoring of an eye disorder is most closely represented by assessment of the eye NEC in ICHI, but ICHI does not have a dedicated "monitoring" action code for the eye; the AI (monitoring) action axis exists for other body systems but no specific eye-monitoring category is present, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>1285281001 (Eye health education program)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BTB.PM.ZZ (Education about seeing functions)</td><td>BTB.PM.ZZ is the only ICHI code specifically addressing eye-related education, but it is scoped to seeing functions rather than the full breadth of eye health (which includes structural, preventive, and rehabilitative education); the match is approximate as the SNOMED concept is a broader educational program while ICHI's code is functionally narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>386296001 (Fall prevention)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VCC.PH.ZZ (Training in relation to home safety behaviours)</td><td>Falls predominantly occur in the home setting and fall prevention programmes characteristically include training; VCC (home safety behaviours) is the closest ICHI domain for fall prevention as a specific safety intervention. The match is inexact because fall prevention spans multiple settings and modalities beyond home-safety training, and ICHI has no dedicated fall-prevention code.</td></tr><tr><td>389110003 (Family health promotion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEJ.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence parenting behaviours)</td><td>ICHI has no general "family health promotion" code; VEJ.VB.ZZ is an approximate match covering awareness-raising within the parenting-behaviours block, which is the closest lifestyle-behaviour promotion code with a family orientation, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept (family health promotion is a broader construct spanning all family members and health topics, not just parenting behaviour awareness).</td></tr><tr><td>6100001 (Fenestration of stapes footplate with vein graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CCA.ML.AA (Fenestration of inner ear with graft)</td><td>CCA.ML.AA captures both fenestration and graft placement, and the stapes footplate forms the boundary of the inner ear vestibule, so procedurally this is the closest available code; however, the SNOMED concept targets the stapes footplate (middle ear ossicle) specifically, whereas ICHI classifies this under inner ear interventions, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>771624003 (Fiberoptic endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.LA.AD (Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding)</td><td>ICHI codes haemostasis at the organ level (stomach, duodenum) rather than at the upper GI tract level; KBF.LA.AD is selected as the most common site for upper GI haemorrhage, but the SNOMED concept spans oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>173805001 (Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of upper gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)</td><td>ICHI encodes endoscopic destruction of lesions at the organ level without a combined upper-GI-tract code; KBF.GA.AD (stomach) is the representative best fit, but the SNOMED concept spans the entire upper GI tract and specifies laser as the means, neither captured by this code.</td></tr><tr><td>700121008 (Filing of toenail)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LBF.JG.AA (Debridement of nail, nail bed, or nail fold of toe)</td><td>Filing a toenail is a basic nail care procedure that overlaps conceptually with debridement of the nail of the toe (especially in podiatry); however, ICHI's debridement code encompasses a broader, more surgical scope than simple filing.</td></tr><tr><td>445265001 (Filing toenails of both feet)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LBF.JG.AA (Debridement of nail, nail bed, or nail fold of toe)</td><td>Same as 700121008 — LBF.JG.AA is the closest available ICHI code but is broader than simple bilateral nail filing; the bilateral aspect would require a laterality extension code rather than a different base code.</td></tr><tr><td>1351799005 (Financial education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SVA.PM.ZZ (Education about engaging in basic economics transactions)</td><td>"Education about engaging in basic economics transactions" is the closest match to financial education, covering teaching about managing money and financial transactions; however, ICHI frames this within an activities-and-participation context rather than as a standalone health education intervention.</td></tr><tr><td>37030005 (Fitting of orthotic device)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Orthotic devices are a category of assistive product, so PZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, NEC) is the closest ICHI code; the match is approximate because orthoses represent only a subset of assistive products and the SNOMED concept may imply a clinical fitting/customisation process beyond simple installation.</td></tr><tr><td>133859009 (Fixation and immobilization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no single generic code for fixation and immobilisation across all body sites; this SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper (not a specific procedure) and ICHI only offers site-specific immobilisation codes or the NEC cast/splint code. PZX.LC.AH is the closest site-unspecified external immobilisation option but is limited to cast and splint as the means, making it only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>172477005 (Fixation of iris)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBC.MK.AA (Repair of iris)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated fixation code for the iris (the BBC block lists biopsy, measurement, release, drainage, excision, and repair but no fixation/LC action for the iris). "Repair of iris" (BBC.MK.AA) is the closest available code, as surgical iris fixation (iridopexy) is frequently performed as part of iris repair; however, the concepts are not semantically equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>81676000 (Fixed appliance therapy for control of harmful habit)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)</td><td>ICHI has no code capturing "fixed dental appliance for habit control" as a specific intervention — KAE.SM.AC (management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest available dental appliance code, but it is a management/maintenance action rather than therapeutic application for behavioural habit correction, making it only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>79091009 (Fixed appliance therapy for interceptive orthodontic treatment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)</td><td>ICHI contains no dedicated orthodontic or interceptive treatment codes — no search on "orthodontic," "malocclusion," "interceptive," or "tooth alignment" returned results. KAE.SM.AC (management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest available code in the dental domain, but it does not capture the therapeutic intent of interceptive orthodontic correction.</td></tr><tr><td>443829004 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of coarctation of aorta with insertion of stent with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIK.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into aortic arch)</td><td>Coarctation of the aorta most commonly occurs at the aortic isthmus (junction of arch and descending aorta), and ICHI classifies stent-assisted percutaneous repair in the aortic arch block; however, ICHI does not distinguish coarctation from other arch lesions, and some coarctations are treated at the proximal descending thoracic aorta rather than the arch proper, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>433631008 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal cutting balloon angioplasty of dialysis fistula with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for balloon angioplasty of an arteriovenous dialysis fistula as a distinct target; the closest available code covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation (angioplasty) of an upper limb artery, but this does not capture the fistula target, the cutting balloon technique, fluoroscopy guidance, or contrast use, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>438309005 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of common iliac artery with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>The common iliac artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery and endovascular occlusion is the closest procedural match, but the ICHI code conflates embolisation (permanent) with occlusion and covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the specific common iliac, and does not capture the temporary nature of the balloon occlusion or the fluoroscopy guidance with contrast.</td></tr><tr><td>238289008 (Flushing of peritoneal drain)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.JA.AE (Percutaneous irrigation of peritoneal cavity)</td><td>KMA.JA.AE is the closest ICHI concept, as irrigation and flushing of a peritoneal drain share the intent of instilling fluid through a percutaneous route into the peritoneal cavity. However, flushing a drain is a tube-maintenance act rather than a cavity irrigation procedure, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>1370901002 (Foraminoplasty of cervical spine using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBA.GA.AE (Destruction of lesion of cervical spine)</td><td>ICHI has no foraminoplasty or foraminal decompression code; laser foraminoplasty ablates bone and soft tissue around the intervertebral foramen using laser energy, which most closely aligns with percutaneous destruction of a lesion of the cervical spine, but this does not capture the specific foraminal widening intent.</td></tr><tr><td>1370919006 (Foraminoplasty of lumbar spine using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBM.GA.AE (Destruction of lesion of lumbar spine)</td><td>ICHI lacks a foraminoplasty-specific code; MBM.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of lesion of lumbar spine) is the closest structural match for a laser-based percutaneous ablation procedure on the lumbar vertebral column, though it does not encode the foraminal target or decompressive intent.</td></tr><tr><td>1370920000 (Foraminoplasty of thoracic spine using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBG.GA.AE (Destruction of lesion of thoracic spine)</td><td>Parallel to the cervical and lumbar mappings, MBG.GA.AE is the best available ICHI code for a laser-based percutaneous procedure on the thoracic vertebral column, but foraminoplasty's specific goal of enlarging the neural foramen is not represented in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>304673006 (Functional activity education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified)</td><td>"Functional activity education" in a clinical/rehabilitation context refers to educating patients about performing functional daily-living tasks, which aligns most closely with SM1.PM.ZZ (education about self-care). No ICHI code for "education about activities" in general exists; SM1.PM.ZZ is an approximate match as self-care represents the core functional activities domain in ICHI's activity classification.</td></tr><tr><td>410294001 (Gait training education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MVG.PH.ZZ (Training of gait pattern)</td><td>ICHI's gait block (BlockL5-MVG) has no dedicated education, advising, or counseling code for gait pattern, unlike other body function domains; MVG.PH.ZZ (Training of gait pattern) partially overlaps in that training inherently includes instruction and guidance, but it does not capture the education and counseling dimensions of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>182515004 (Gastrointestinal decompression)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.JB.AC (Drainage of stomach)</td><td>Gastric drainage is the most common clinical form of GI decompression, but the SNOMED concept encompasses drainage of any GI segment (small intestine, colon) whereas ICHI's code is restricted to the stomach. The procedural intent aligns but the scope diverges, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>63771003 (General actinotherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)</td><td>Actinotherapy is the therapeutic use of radiation (typically UV or visible light) applied to the body, which corresponds most closely to whole body phototherapy in ICHI; however, actinotherapy can refer to other radiation types beyond phototherapy, and the SNOMED term is general (not body-site-specific), making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>18071000202109 (Giving encouragement to wash self)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMB.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for washing oneself)</td><td>"Giving encouragement to wash self" is a motivational/supportive act directed at the self-care activity of washing; "emotional support for washing oneself" (SMB.RC.ZZ) is the closest ICHI concept, as encouragement is a form of emotional support. However, it is not an exact match since ICHI's emotional support is a broader rehabilitative concept, while SNOMED's term is a specific nursing encouragement act.</td></tr><tr><td>1287530006 (Grafting of connective tissue to gingiva)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAG.ML.AC (Gingivoplasty)</td><td>Gingivoplasty (KAG.ML.AC) is the closest ICHI code for a reconstructive/grafting procedure on the gingiva, using the ML (reconstruction) action on the gum (KAG) target; however, ICHI does not distinguish connective tissue grafting as a specific technique, and gingivoplasty more precisely denotes gingival reshaping, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>827098001 (Grafting of dura mater)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAC.MK.AA (Repair of cerebral meninges)</td><td>Dura mater is a layer of the meninges, and ICHI addresses meningeal repair at the cerebral (AAC.MK.AA) and spinal (ABC.MK.AA) levels separately; there is no single unifying "dura mater graft" code. AAC.MK.AA is the closest match for cranial dura mater grafting, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific (cranial or spinal) and "grafting" implies a more specific reconstructive technique than the general repair code captures.</td></tr><tr><td>712822003 (Grafting of fat)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.LK.AA (Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated fat grafting or lipofilling code; LZZ.LK.AA (augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue NEC) captures the functional intent of fat grafting — adding volume to soft tissue — but is an approximate match because it does not specify the technique (autologous fat transfer), the donor harvest step, or body-site specificity, and "augmentation" may also be achieved by non-graft means.</td></tr><tr><td>271581005 (Grafting of scrotum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGG.ML.AA (Reconstruction of scrotum with rotational or pedicle flaps)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated grafting code for the scrotum; NGG.ML.AA is the closest reconstructive procedure using tissue transfer techniques (rotational or pedicle flaps), but it specifies a particular flap method rather than grafting generically. No other assignable code in the scrotum block better captures tissue grafting.</td></tr><tr><td>1344616001 (Grafting of tissue to anus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus)</td><td>The anus block contains no dedicated graft code; KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the broadest repair/reconstructive code available and subsumes tissue grafting as one possible repair technique, but it is far more general than the specific SNOMED grafting concept.</td></tr><tr><td>1354614005 (Grafting of tissue to esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated graft code for the oesophagus; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) uses the ML action axis (reconstruction/graft) which most closely aligns with tissue grafting, but it is broader and encompasses any reconstructive technique rather than grafting specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>1344716007 (Grafting of tissue to lower limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAG.ML.AA (Skin graft to lower limb)</td><td>LAG.ML.AA specifically covers skin grafts to the lower limb and is the closest ICHI code available, but the SNOMED concept refers to grafting of tissue generically (which could include muscle, fascia, or other tissue types beyond skin), making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>37423005 (Gross operation repair of omphalocele, first stage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAO.MK.AA (Repair of umbilical hernia)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated omphalocele code; PAO.MK.AA (repair of umbilical/periumbilical wall defect) is the closest structural match. The SNOMED concept is specifically a first-stage staged repair of a congenital abdominal wall defect, distinct from a routine umbilical hernia repair.</td></tr><tr><td>47076007 (Gross operation repair of omphalocele, second stage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAO.MK.AA (Repair of umbilical hernia)</td><td>ICHI lacks a code for staged omphalocele closure, and PAO.MK.AA is the best available structural approximation for an open repair of an umbilical/abdominal wall defect, though it does not capture the staged or congenital nature.</td></tr><tr><td>309076000 (Harvest of musculoskeletal tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.JH.AA (Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft)</td><td>No single ICHI code covers procurement of generic musculoskeletal tissue. MRB.JH.AA is one component but the SNOMED concept also encompasses muscle, tendon, cartilage, and fascia, making the match approximate at best.</td></tr><tr><td>385827001 (Health promotion education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VE1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)</td><td>ICHI encodes health education within targeted behaviour domains rather than offering a single generic "health promotion education" code; VE1.PM.ZZ is the closest broadly-applicable match, but health promotion encompasses dimensions beyond lifestyle behaviours that are split across many other ICHI codes.</td></tr><tr><td>440085006 (Home visit for postpartum care and assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)</td><td>NUE.AA.ZZ is the nearest available code in the reproductive/genital functions chapter and covers assessment in the pregnancy/perinatal context, but is scoped to pregnancy functions rather than the postpartum period specifically; the postpartum setting, the home visit, and the care component are not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>424753004 (Dietary management education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)</td><td>The SNOMED concept spans education, guidance, and counselling about dietary management, while ICHI separates these into distinct codes (VEA.PM.ZZ education, VEA.PN.ZZ advising, VEA.PP.ZZ counselling about eating behaviours); no single ICHI code captures all three modalities combined, and the target domain in ICHI ("eating behaviours" under health-related behaviours) is a reasonable but not exact fit for clinical dietary management.</td></tr><tr><td>1297093001 (Dilation and manipulation of intestinal stoma)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LG.AC (Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for dilation/manipulation of an intestinal stoma; KBK.LG.AC covers dilatation of the small intestine (the most common intestinal stoma type), making it the closest available match. However, it does not capture stoma manipulation as a distinct stomal care intervention, nor does it cover colostomy or other intestinal stoma types, making this an approximate rather than equivalent mapping.</td></tr><tr><td>438520009 (Dilation of arteriovenous fistula)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb)</td><td>ICHI has no code specific to arteriovenous fistula dilation; dialysis AV fistulas are predominantly upper-limb structures and balloon dilation of a stenotic fistula targets the arterial inflow or venous outflow limb percutaneously, making ICA.LG.AF the nearest anatomical and procedural approximation. The match is inexact because ICHI codes the target as "artery of upper limb" rather than the AV fistula itself, and does not capture the venous outflow component.</td></tr><tr><td>274471009 (Dilation of gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KZZ.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This is the broadest available gastrointestinal dilatation category in ICHI, covering intestinal dilatation not classified elsewhere, but it constrains the approach to endoscopic and the target to intestine rather than the full GI tract. The SNOMED concept covers all GI dilatation regardless of approach or GI segment, so the match is approximate rather than semantically equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>67293006 (Dilation of lymphatic structure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFO.LG.AA (Dilatation of peripheral lymphatic vessel)</td><td>DFO.LG.AA is the only dilatation code within the lymphatic system section of ICHI, but it is specific to peripheral lymphatic vessels rather than lymphatic structures generally (which include lymph nodes, thoracic duct, and unspecified lymphatic structures). The SNOMED concept is broader in scope, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>237021000 (Hydrostatic replacement of inverted uterus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.LD.AC (Manual repositioning of inverted uterus)</td><td>Hydrostatic replacement uses fluid pressure (saline infusion) to restore an inverted uterus, while ICHI's manual repositioning implies direct physical manipulation; both are non-surgical repositioning techniques for the same condition but differ in the means employed. No ICHI code captures the hydrostatic technique specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>426585001 (Imaging guided insertion of colorectal stent)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.LH.AD (Endoscopic insertion of colonic stent)</td><td>KBP.LH.AD covers endoscopic colonic stent insertion but is scoped only to the colon (not the rectum, which is a distinct target in ICHI), and its means axis encodes an endoscopic rather than imaging-guided approach; there is no ICHI code for imaging-guided colorectal stent insertion that spans both colon and rectum.</td></tr><tr><td>708680006 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of peritoneum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)</td><td>KMA.JB.AE maps percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity, which aligns closely with the SNOMED concept's target anatomy; however, the imaging guidance component present in the SNOMED concept is not reflected in the ICHI code, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>708811003 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of pleura)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)</td><td>JCB.JB.AE specifies percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity, which matches the target anatomy and approach of the SNOMED concept precisely; the only missing element is the imaging guidance qualifier, which ICHI does not encode at this level of granularity.</td></tr><tr><td>870387009 (Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)</td><td>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies) are immunological agents almost universally given intravenously, making DTB.DB.AF the closest ICHI code; however, ICHI does not have a specific code for checkpoint inhibitor therapy, so the match is approximate — the ICHI code is broader (covering all IV immunological agents) and does not capture the mechanism of immune checkpoint blockade.</td></tr><tr><td>1344960004 (Immunomodulator therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)</td><td>The DTB.DB family (administration of immunological agents) is the closest available ICHI representation for immunomodulator therapy, but no route-unspecified or route-agnostic single code exists for the class as a whole; the SNOMED concept covers all routes and mechanisms of immunomodulation, whereas ICHI codes this at the specific-route level. DTB.DB.AF is selected as the most clinically representative route, but the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>7447008 (Immunosuppressive therapy for transplant)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for post-transplant immunosuppression as a clinical management category; DTB.DB.AF (intravenous administration of immunological agent, under "Interventions on immunological system function") is the closest structural fit, but it does not capture the transplant context or the immunosuppressive direction of the therapy, making the match approximate rather than semantically equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>373416003 (Implantation of anterior chamber intraocular lens)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBF.ML.AA (Insertion of prosthetic lens)</td><td>BBF.ML.AA is the only IOL insertion code in ICHI and covers intraocular lens implantation broadly, but the target axis (BBF = lens/capsule) is anatomically imprecise for an anterior chamber IOL, which sits in the anterior chamber (BBE); BBE has no corresponding implantation/insertion category, making this an approximate match with a slightly misaligned target.</td></tr><tr><td>61952002 (Implantation of diaphragmatic pacemaker)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCX.DL.AA (Insertion of internal device of diaphragm)</td><td>MCX.DL.AA is the closest assignable ICHI code, representing insertion of an internal device into the diaphragm, which describes the procedural action of diaphragmatic pacemaker implantation. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated code for diaphragmatic/phrenic pacing systems, so the functional purpose (electrical pacing) is not captured, making this an approximate rather than precise match.</td></tr><tr><td>1255915001 (Implantation of osseointegrated implant into bone of jaw)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.DN.AC (Prosthetic dental implant)</td><td>Osseointegrated implants into the jaw are clinically synonymous with prosthetic dental implants in the vast majority of cases, and ICHI places this under "Interventions on teeth" rather than the bone axis; however, the SNOMED concept frames it anatomically (bone of jaw) rather than functionally (dental prosthesis), making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>56783008 (Incision AND drainage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI separates incision (FA) and drainage (JB) into distinct action codes and always requires a specific body-part target; there is no single code combining both actions on an unspecified site. LZZ.FA.AA is the closest available code but captures only the incision action and defaults to an integumentary target.</td></tr><tr><td>26667003 (Incision and packing of wound)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Wound packing is a specific form of wound cavity management which ICHI classifies under the action DK "Application of dressing"; LZZ.DK.AH is the unspecified-site skin/subcutaneous dressing code. The match is approximate because the ICHI code does not capture the incision component or distinguish packing from surface dressings.</td></tr><tr><td>172960003 (Incision of retropharyngeal abscess)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DAA.JB.AA (Open drainage or aspiration of retropharyngeal abscess)</td><td>The target (retropharyngeal abscess) is an exact anatomical match, but the ICHI action is "open drainage or aspiration" rather than pure incision, and the code includes aspiration as an alternative technique, making it an approximate rather than exact semantic match.</td></tr><tr><td>1287824002 (Incision of vascular structure of head)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBA.FA.AA (Incision of artery of head and neck)</td><td>ICHI separates head and neck vessels by vessel type — IBA.FA.AA covers extracranial arteries while IBD.FA.AA covers veins; there is no single ICHI category code for "vascular structure of head" that encompasses both. IBA.FA.AA is the closest available code but is inexact because the SNOMED concept is vessel-type-unspecified and IBA.FA.AA also includes the neck.</td></tr><tr><td>7635007 (Incision of vertebral column)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.FA.AA (Osteotomy of spine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code explicitly titled "incision of vertebral column"; MBZ.FA.AA uses the FA (incision) action axis on the vertebral column at an unspecified site, which corresponds to osteotomy — a bone incision — making it the closest semantic match, though "osteotomy" is more specific than the general "incision" in the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>266826009 (Incontinence control)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NTD.PH.ZZ (Training of urination functions)</td><td>"Incontinence control" refers to active therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring continence (e.g., bladder training, pelvic floor exercises), which maps most closely to training of urination functions in ICHI; however, NTD.PH.ZZ covers only urination and does not capture bowel incontinence, and the SNOMED concept is broader in scope across both types.</td></tr><tr><td>233179002 (Indirect temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system)</td><td>"Indirect temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure" refers to transcutaneous or transvenous temporary pacing, which aligns most closely with the percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (could encompass external transcutaneous pacing), so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>262297000 (Induced diuresis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)</td><td>Induced diuresis is primarily achieved by administering diuretic agents, and PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration without route specification, which is the closest ICHI code; however, this code is very broad and does not capture the specific intent of increasing urine output.</td></tr><tr><td>169421008 (Infrared radiation therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Infrared radiation therapy is most commonly applied to the skin/superficial tissues as a form of phototherapy, and LZZ.SC.AH is the closest conceptual match ICHI offers; however, phototherapy in ICHI principally refers to ultraviolet-based skin treatments, while infrared radiation therapy can have distinct therapeutic indications, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>392247006 (Insertion of catheter into artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>IZA.DL.AF is the closest available code covering catheter (device) insertion into an unspecified artery, but it specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach ("AF" means), whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic. The added route specificity in ICHI makes this an approximate rather than direct match.</td></tr><tr><td>1236813006 (Insertion of indwelling catheter into pleural cavity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)</td><td>There is no specific ICHI code for insertion of an indwelling pleural catheter; JCB.JB.AE is the closest structural match as it captures the percutaneous approach to the pleural cavity, but it frames the procedure as drainage rather than catheter insertion specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>206175003 (Insertion of orbital implant with synchronous evisceration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAM.ML.AC (Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball)</td><td>This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — evisceration of the eye plus simultaneous orbital implant insertion — which is not directly represented in ICHI. BAM.ML.AC covers interventions after eyeball removal and is the closest available code, but it implies a staged/secondary procedure rather than the synchronous combined nature of this operation.</td></tr><tr><td>440001000 (Insertion of vascular cannula for prolonged extracorporeal circulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZD.DL.AA (Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is about inserting a vascular cannula (arterial or venous) for prolonged extracorporeal circulation, whereas IZD.DL.AA covers only venous device insertion and omits the extracorporeal circulation purpose and arterial component, making it an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>177200004 (Instrumental removal of products of conception from delivered uterus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.JE.AC (Dilatation and curettage of uterus)</td><td>Instrumental removal of retained products of conception is most closely represented by D&C (NME.JE.AC), the standard instrumental procedure for this indication; the ICHI code does not specify the post-delivery context, making this an inexact but clinically reasonable match.</td></tr><tr><td>36015009 (Insufflation of eustachian tube)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBH.LG.AC (Dilatation of eustachian tube)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for eustachian tube insufflation (Politzer manoeuvre or catheter inflation); CBH.LG.AC is the closest available code as insufflation achieves dilatation by forcing air through the tube, but the techniques are distinct.</td></tr><tr><td>234729001 (Interdental stripping)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.JG.AC (Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement)</td><td>Interdental stripping (interproximal enamel reduction) is the mechanical removal of healthy tooth enamel from proximal surfaces to create space, whereas KAE.JG.AC primarily describes removal of calculus and plaque deposits — both involve mechanical reduction of tooth surface material but with different clinical indications.</td></tr><tr><td>287570006 (Intracranial surgical biopsy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.AD.AA (Biopsy of brain)</td><td>ICHI's "Biopsy of brain" (AAA.AD.AA, open approach) is the closest match for an open intracranial biopsy, but the SNOMED concept is broader — it could encompass biopsy of meninges, cranial nerve, or intracranial space, whereas the ICHI code targets brain parenchyma specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>287569005 (Intraspinal surgical biopsy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABA.AD.AA (Biopsy of spinal cord)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies a surgical (open) biopsy within the spinal canal, which aligns with ABA.AD.AA (open approach); however, "intraspinal" could also encompass the spinal meninges or canal contents beyond the cord itself, so the anatomical target is not a precise one-to-one match.</td></tr><tr><td>231065002 (Intrathecal injection of radiological dye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.BA.BB (Contrast myelogram of spinal canal)</td><td>ABG.BA.BB captures the myelography procedure — contrast imaging of the spinal canal — into which intrathecal injection of radiological dye is the preparatory step; the SNOMED concept focuses solely on the injection act, while the ICHI code encodes the full imaging procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>16554931000119102 (Intravenous radionuclide therapy using radium 223 dichloride)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)</td><td>No ICHI code specifically represents systemic radionuclide therapy via IV; the closest available code captures the IV administration route but entirely omits the radioactive/destructive nature of the intervention, making this an approximate match at best — the mechanism (targeted radiation) is not reflected in the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>16554781000119103 (Intravenous radionuclide therapy using strontium 89)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)</td><td>As with radium-223, ICHI has no dedicated systemic radionuclide therapy code; the IV administration route is captured by PZA.DB.AF but the bone-seeking radioactive mechanism of strontium-89 for palliation of bone metastases is not represented, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>278872003 (Intravenous regional analgesia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of medication for pain)</td><td>AXA.DB.AF captures the intravenous route and pain-relief purpose, but intravenous regional analgesia (Bier block) is a specific technique using a tourniquet-isolated limb with local anaesthetic, which is more specialised than the broader concept of IV medication for pain. No ICHI code for regional anaesthesia/analgesia by IV route exists.</td></tr><tr><td>429734006 (Intubation using medication)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBA.DL.AC (Insertion of endotracheal tube)</td><td>Drug-assisted or rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is fundamentally the act of endotracheal intubation facilitated by neuromuscular blockers and induction agents; JBA.DL.AC captures the core procedural act (endotracheal tube insertion), but ICHI has no means axis code for the pharmacological facilitation component, so the medication-assisted aspect is not represented, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>391988000 (Inversion of tunica vaginalis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis)</td><td>Inversion of the tunica vaginalis (Jaboulay/Lord procedure for hydrocele) is a repair/reconstruction of the testicular coverings with no dedicated ICHI code. NGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis) is the closest structural match under the testis block, but it does not precisely capture the tunica vaginalis eversion technique.</td></tr><tr><td>117616006 (Investigation of transfusion reaction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for investigating a transfusion reaction; the closest match is DTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system), which sits under the haematological system function block and captures the investigative/testing nature of the activity. The immunological dimension is also relevant given that transfusion reactions are immune-mediated, but the primary domain is haematological, making this an inexact fit.</td></tr><tr><td>704408003 (Invitation for diabetes screening)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours)</td><td>ICHI has no code for a screening invitation or recall as an individual administrative act, and no diabetes-specific screening code exists. VDB.PN.ZZ (advising about screening behaviours) is the closest approximation, covering individual-level communication to encourage screening uptake, but it is broader in target population and does not capture the specific "invitation" act or diabetes context.</td></tr><tr><td>228690002 (Iodine 125 brachytherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy)</td><td>ICHI has no standalone code for brachytherapy as a technique — "Brachytherapy seeds" and "Interstitial radioactive material" appear only as extension/modifier entries without assignable procedure codes. NGA.GA.BA is the most clinically relevant assignable code since I-125 seed brachytherapy is predominantly performed on the prostate, but the SNOMED concept is not prostate-specific (it also covers ocular tumors) and the ICHI code specifies no technique (it covers all radiotherapy modalities to the prostate).</td></tr><tr><td>86411005 (Ion laser photocoagulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCA.GA.AH (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion)</td><td>Ion (argon) laser photocoagulation is predominantly used for retinal/chorioretinal destruction in ophthalmology, and BCA.GA.AH covers destruction of chorioretinal lesions; however, the ICHI code does not specify the laser or photocoagulation means, and ion laser photocoagulation can also be performed on other ocular structures, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>439979008 (Isolation of subject emitting radiation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UBR.VE.ZZ (Infection control measures in relation to radiation)</td><td>There is no ICHI code specifically for isolating an individual who emits radiation (e.g., after radionuclide therapy); UBR.VE.ZZ captures infection-control-type measures in the context of radiation but is a public-health/environmental intervention rather than an individual patient isolation measure, making it only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>229592007 (Kromayer treatment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Kromayer treatment is the application of ultraviolet light from a water-cooled quartz lamp directly to skin lesions — a localised UV phototherapy technique. ICHI does not have a code for contact UV lamp therapy by name; LZZ.SC.AH captures the general modality (phototherapy to skin) but not the specific UV contact method used in Kromayer therapy.</td></tr><tr><td>431995006 (Kyphoplasty of fracture of spine using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Kyphoplasty (balloon kyphoplasty) and vertebroplasty are related but distinct — kyphoplasty uses an inflatable balloon tamp to restore vertebral height before cement injection. ICHI does not have a separate kyphoplasty code; MBZ.ML.AE is the closest available code covering percutaneous cement augmentation of fractured vertebrae, though the balloon step and fluoroscopic guidance qualifier are not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>118161009 (Laser enucleation of the prostate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated enucleation code for the prostate; transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy is the closest functional equivalent (same route and organ), but enucleation is a distinct surgical technique from standard resection, and neither code captures the laser means axis.</td></tr><tr><td>424830006 (Laser peripheral iridoplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBC.MK.AA (Repair of iris)</td><td>Peripheral iridoplasty uses laser burns to remodel the peripheral iris stroma (a repair/reshaping action), and "Repair of iris" is the closest ICHI action for iris remodelling; no iridoplasty-specific code exists. The ICHI code does not capture the laser means, the peripheral target location, or the contracture mechanism.</td></tr><tr><td>450501004 (Laser recanalization of intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LG.AC (Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no "recanalization" code; dilatation is the closest functional equivalent for restoring intestinal luminal patency, but the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to intestinal segment while this ICHI code is specific to small intestine, and the laser means is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>103725003 (Laser resurfacing of skin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>Laser resurfacing is an ablative/destructive intervention on the skin surface, best mapped to the destruction action in ICHI, but all skin destruction codes are region-specific and none capture the unspecified-body-region nature of the SNOMED concept; the laser means and "resurfacing" cosmetic intent are also not represented.</td></tr><tr><td>231077007 (Laser uterosacral nerve ablation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.GA.AC (Paracervical uterine denervation)</td><td>Both procedures destroy uterine nerve fibres to treat pelvic pain/dysmenorrhea, but NME.GA.AC refers to paracervical denervation (a different anatomical approach) rather than specifically targeting the uterosacral nerve fibres, and does not capture the laser modality.</td></tr><tr><td>446297008 (Lithotripsy using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAN.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI's lithotripsy codes all encode extracorporeal shockwave (means BJ), while the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means (a fundamentally different physical modality, typically delivered endoscopically); NAN.GA.BJ is the closest generic lithotripsy code but differs in both technique and implicitly in body-site scope.</td></tr><tr><td>171891006 (Lumbar chemical sympathectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADD.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into lumbar sympathetic nerve)</td><td>Lumbar chemical sympathectomy uses injection of a neurolytic (destructive) chemical agent — not an anaesthetic — to permanently ablate the lumbar sympathetic chain, so the intent and substance differ from ADD.DC.AE which is an anaesthetic block. No ICHI code for chemical/neurolytic destruction of the lumbar sympathetic nerve exists, making ADD.DC.AE the best approximate match within the correct anatomical block.</td></tr><tr><td>17481002 (Major thoracotomy with removal of fibrin deposit)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCH.FA.AA (Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for removal of fibrin deposits via thoracotomy; the NEC thoracotomy code captures the surgical approach but not the specific action of removing fibrin deposits, and the only thoracic debridement code (JCH.JG.AB) specifies thoracoscopic (endoscopic) access rather than open thoracotomy.</td></tr><tr><td>46468006 (Malar augmentation with alloplastic material)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAC.DN.AA (Implantation of device into zygomatic bone)</td><td>The malar (cheekbone) region corresponds anatomically to the zygomatic bone (MAC target axis), and implantation of an alloplastic (synthetic) implant is represented by the DN.AA action-means combination (implantation of device, open approach); however, MAC.DN.AA is not specific to cosmetic/aesthetic augmentation and the "alloplastic material" nuance is not captured in the ICHI title, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>182832007 (Management of drug regimen)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAC.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to medications)</td><td>UAC.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to medications, under Interventions on medicaments) is the closest ICHI concept — it covers the deliberate planning and organisation of a patient's medication use. ICHI PZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription) covers only the prescribing act, while UAC.TB.ZZ more broadly covers the coordination and planning dimension of a drug regimen, making it the best available approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>718675005 (Management of inpatient discharge)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG38D0 (Discharge planning)</td><td>"Discharge planning" is the closest ICHI code and covers the core activity of managing an inpatient discharge, but it is an extension/descriptor code rather than a full intervention code, and planning is only one component of discharge management. No more precise code exists in ICHI for this administrative process.</td></tr><tr><td>737856008 (Management of vaginal blood loss)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMH.DK.AC (Tamponade of vagina)</td><td>ICHI has no direct code for managing vaginal blood loss broadly; NMH.DK.AC (tamponade of vagina) is the closest procedure in the vaginal block used to control vaginal haemorrhage, but it represents only one specific technique rather than the broader management activity implied by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>274470005 (Manipulation under anesthesia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.PA.AH (Manipulation of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI does not encode the use of anesthesia as a distinguishing axis within its manipulation codes — the "means" axis (AH = closed/non-invasive approach) does not differentiate anesthesia-assisted from unassisted manipulation; MRJ.PA.AH is the closest unspecified-joint manipulation code, but it loses the key clinical specificity of anesthesia, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>59900003 (Manual and mechanical traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.PD.ZZ (Stretch of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated traction code; the closest conceptual match is MRS.PD.ZZ (Stretch of soft tissue, unspecified site), as traction applies a sustained stretching force to soft tissue and joints, but this ICHI code does not distinguish manual from mechanical application and is limited to soft tissue rather than encompassing the bone/joint traction also implied by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>173339007 (Marsupialization of dental lesion of jaw)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of mandible)</td><td>Marsupialization of a dental/odontogenic jaw cyst is most classically performed on the mandible, and ICHI's local excision of a mandibular lesion is the closest available code; however, the SNOMED concept specifies neither mandible nor maxilla, and marsupialization is not excision but a decompression procedure that leaves the cyst lining in situ.</td></tr><tr><td>440064006 (Marsupialization of diverticulum of urethra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.FA.AA (Urethrotomy)</td><td>Marsupialization of a urethral diverticulum involves incising the diverticulum wall and suturing it open, mechanistically an incision-based procedure (urethrotomy); however, urethrotomy in ICHI typically refers to urethral stricture incision rather than diverticulum marsupialization, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>239375009 (Marsupialization of lesion of bone of face)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Marsupialization of a facial bone lesion (typically an odontogenic cyst) deliberately preserves the cyst wall by creating an open pouch rather than fully excising the lesion, so it is not a true local excision; however, MAB.JI.AA is the closest available ICHI code as no drainage or marsupialization-specific code exists for facial bone lesions.</td></tr><tr><td>232542003 (Marsupialization of pharyngeal cyst)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.JB.AA (Drainage of oral pharynx)</td><td>"Pharyngeal cyst" is unspecified as to subsite (naso-, oro-, or hypopharynx), and ICHI's pharynx drainage codes are split by subsite; drainage of oral pharynx is selected as the most commonly affected region. The match is inexact because the anatomical subsite may differ.</td></tr><tr><td>410263001 (Medical/dental care education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEP.PM.ZZ (Education about health services, systems and policies)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers patient-facing education, guidance, and counseling about receiving medical/dental care, which aligns most closely with ICHI's education action (PM) targeting health services (UEP); however, ICHI does not bundle guidance and counseling into this code, and its scope extends to systems and policies beyond direct care education.</td></tr><tr><td>390823002 (Mental health functional therapies)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AT2.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for global mental functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Mental health functional therapies" refers to a cluster of therapies targeting mental and psychosocial functioning (e.g., cognitive, behavioural, psychosocial interventions), which aligns most closely with ICHI psychotherapy and training codes in the global mental functions block. No single ICHI code captures the full breadth of "functional therapies" as a group, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match; AT2.PQ.ZZ represents the most clinically central intervention type within that cluster.</td></tr><tr><td>385891009 (Mental health promotion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEL.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)</td><td>Mental health promotion is a broad concept encompassing awareness, education, and community-level interventions to improve mental wellbeing; VEL.VB.ZZ captures the awareness-raising dimension within the psychological health and wellbeing behaviour block, but mental health promotion is wider than awareness raising alone and ICHI lacks a single consolidated "health promotion" code, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>390832000 (Mental health support - no facilitation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AS1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with mental functions, unspecified)</td><td>"Mental health support - no facilitation" describes a passive or non-active support contact in a mental health context; AS1.RB.ZZ (practical support with mental functions, unspecified) is the closest ICHI code for a non-therapeutic supportive intervention directed at mental functions, though ICHI does not distinguish between facilitated and non-facilitated support modes, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>390824008 (Mental health support groups - staff facilitated)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATF.RE.ZZ (Provision of peer support for global psychosocial functions)</td><td>ICHI's closest concept captures peer support in the domain of global psychosocial functions, which overlaps in intent (mutual support for mental health) but differs in structure — the SNOMED concept specifically describes a staff-facilitated group, whereas ATF.RE.ZZ focuses on peer-to-peer support and does not encode the group format or the staff facilitation role.</td></tr><tr><td>85472003 (Mesenteriopexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LC.AA (Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Mesenteriopexy is surgical fixation of the mesentery (the peritoneal fold suspending the small intestine) to prevent volvulus; ICHI has no dedicated mesentery fixation code, but KBK.LC.AA (fixation of small intestine, NEC) is the closest available code in the digestive system hierarchy since the functional effect targets the small intestinal mesentery, though the target tissues are not identical.</td></tr><tr><td>233447000 (Mesoatrial shunt)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEF.LI.AA (Bypass of portal vein and branches)</td><td>A mesoatrial shunt connects the superior mesenteric vein to the right atrium to decompress portal hypertension; ICHI has no dedicated mesoatrial or mesocaval shunt code, and IEF.LI.AA (bypass of portal vein and branches) is the closest in the portal venous system, though the atrial connection and the specific vein involved (superior mesenteric rather than portal trunk) are not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>395118002 (Metabolic screening test)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG2VK6 (Basic metabolic panel)</td><td>A basic metabolic panel is the most common operationalisation of a metabolic screening test in ICHI, but the SNOMED concept is a broader category covering any metabolic screening test (not only a blood panel), whereas XG2VK6 is a specific extension code for one defined panel type.</td></tr><tr><td>1197530007 (Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGD.LA.AA (Ligation of spermatic cord)</td><td>Varicocelectomy involves ligation or occlusion of the dilated pampiniform plexus veins within the spermatic cord, and NGD.LA.AA (ligation of spermatic cord) is the closest available ICHI code for this procedure; however, it targets the cord as a whole rather than its venous component specifically, and does not capture the subinguinal approach or microsurgical technique.</td></tr><tr><td>287613009 (Middle ear syringing or suction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAE.JA.AC (Irrigation of external auditory canal)</td><td>Ear syringing is performed on the external auditory canal (not the middle ear space), and ICHI's irrigation of the external auditory canal covers the syringing component. However, the SNOMED concept also includes suction (aspiration), and the ICHI code covers only irrigation, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>370866001 (Mobility deficit assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)</td><td>"Mobility deficit assessment" is a broad clinical evaluation of a patient's mobility limitations, which ICHI approximates through assessment of joint mobility (a key musculoskeletal component), but ICHI does not have a single code for a comprehensive, multi-domain mobility deficit assessment spanning joints, gait, and functional activities; the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>171301009 (Mobility screening)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SJA.AC.ZZ (Test of walking)</td><td>Mobility screening in clinical practice typically involves standardised tests of walking and movement capacity (e.g., Timed Up-and-Go), making "Test of walking" the closest ICHI concept, but the SNOMED term implies a broader population-level screening intent across multiple mobility domains that a single walking test does not fully capture.</td></tr><tr><td>228583003 (Motivation therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATI.PP.ZZ (Counselling for energy and drive functions)</td><td>Motivation therapy is a therapeutic intervention targeting drive and motivational functions, which aligns well with the ATI (energy and drive functions) target axis; counselling (PP) is the closest available action. The match is inexact because "therapy" implies a structured therapeutic modality somewhat more specific than the broad ICHI counselling category, and ICHI has no dedicated motivation therapy code.</td></tr><tr><td>713144002 (Motivational interviewing technique)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATI.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to energy and drive functions)</td><td>Motivational interviewing is a specific evidence-based technique combining interviewing and counselling to enhance motivation; the ICHI action axis AN (interview) with the ATI target (energy and drive functions) is the closest structural match, but ICHI does not represent the specific motivational interviewing technique, making this an inexact approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>175988004 (Nephrostogram)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)</td><td>A nephrostogram is a contrast X-ray of the renal collecting system via an existing nephrostomy tube, which is functionally very close to a pyelogram (contrast imaging of the renal pelvis); ICHI has no dedicated nephrostogram code, and NAB.BA.BB is the best structural match, though it does not specify the percutaneous nephrostomy access route.</td></tr><tr><td>287256005 (Nerve division/destruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a combined grouping of both division and destruction of nerve, which ICHI represents as two separate codes (ACA.FB.AA for division and ACA.GA.AA for destruction); ACA.FB.AA is selected as the primary match but the SNOMED concept's dual nature means no single ICHI code is fully equivalent, and neither spinal-level nor cranial-level division codes are appropriate for this general/unspecified concept.</td></tr><tr><td>303358008 (Neurolytic nerve block around spinal cord meninges)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.GA.AE (Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal)</td><td>A neurolytic block around the spinal cord meninges involves percutaneous injection of a destructive agent into the intrathecal/perimeningeal space, which corresponds most closely to ABG.GA.AE "Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal." The spinal canal target (ABG) encompasses the perimeningeal space around the cord, though "around the meninges" is anatomically slightly distinct from the canal itself, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>441041000124100 (Nutrition counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTB.PP.ZZ (Counselling in relation to ingestion functions)</td><td>KTB.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for one-to-one nutrition counselling; however "ingestion functions" is narrower in scope than full nutrition counselling (which may also address metabolism, weight, diet composition), making the target axis only a partial match.</td></tr><tr><td>61310001 (Nutrition education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTB.PM.ZZ (Education about ingestion functions)</td><td>KTB.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI match with the action "PM" (education) aligning precisely; however the target "ingestion functions" is narrower than the full scope of nutrition education, which also covers dietary knowledge, metabolic health, and food choices beyond swallowing/ingestion mechanics.</td></tr><tr><td>386373004 (Nutrition therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DA.ZZ (Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Nutrition therapy" encompasses the full clinical management of nutritional needs (including enteral/parenteral feeding, dietary prescribing, and counselling), while PZA.DA.ZZ covers only the administration of nutritional substances; the therapeutic/management dimension is not fully captured.</td></tr><tr><td>410270001 (Nutritionist education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTN.PP.ZZ (Counselling for weight management)</td><td>KTN.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code capturing the counselling/advisory dimension of a nutritionist's role, situated within "weight maintenance functions"; however, it covers only counselling for weight management and does not encompass the full scope of nutritionist education and guidance.</td></tr><tr><td>173758001 (Open reduction of intussusception of gastroenterostomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no code for reduction of intussusception at a gastroenterostomy site; KBK.LD.AA captures the open surgical repositioning action on the intestinal limb of the gastroenterostomy, but does not reflect the gastric anastomosis specificity or the intussusception etiology.</td></tr><tr><td>713046002 (Open reduction of intussusception of intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated intussusception reduction code; KBK.LD.AA covers open intra-abdominal manipulation of the small intestine, which is the operative action performed during open surgical reduction of intestinal intussusception. The code is restricted to small intestine and does not specify intussusception, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>72557002 (Open reduction of open hyoid fracture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAB.LD.AA (Open reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no open reduction code for the hyoid bone specifically — the hyoid block only contains partial excision and suspension codes. MAB.LD.AA covers open reduction of unspecified head/neck musculoskeletal structures and is the closest available code, though the hyoid is anatomically not a facial bone, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>174153009 (Open relief of strangulation of colon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBZ.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI contains no code specifically for relieving strangulation; the closest concept is intra-abdominal manipulation of the large intestine NEC, which operationally encompasses open surgical release of a strangulated colon segment, but the terms and intended scope differ enough that this is an approximate rather than direct match.</td></tr><tr><td>1287436003 (Open repair of intraarticular ligament)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MML.MK.AA (Repair of ligaments of knee)</td><td>ICHI's only open repair-of-ligament category is specific to the knee, while the SNOMED concept refers to any intraarticular ligament; MML.MK.AA captures the repair action and open approach correctly for the knee but is anatomically narrower to the knee joint.</td></tr><tr><td>609638001 (Operation on pelvic region of trunk)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BlockL4-MKB (Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of pelvic region)</td><td>ICHI's closest pelvic-region block (BlockL4-MKB) is restricted to musculoskeletal structures (bone and joints) of the pelvic region, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses all operations on the pelvic region of the trunk including soft tissue, vascular, and visceral structures; no broader single ICHI block covers the full anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>64467007 (Operation with graft for slipping patella)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MMP.ML.AA (Bone graft to patella)</td><td>MMP.ML.AA (bone graft to patella) is the only ICHI code combining a graft procedure on the patella, which partially matches the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not encode the specific indication of patellar instability/slipping, and MMP.LC.AA (patellar stabilisation) addresses the indication but not the graft technique — making MMP.ML.AA an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>385742007 (Oral fluid therapy assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of drinking)</td><td>"Oral fluid therapy assessment" is a clinical assessment of a patient's response to or suitability for oral rehydration, while SMG.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the activity of drinking more broadly as a self-care function; the functional domain overlaps but the clinical intent and specificity differ.</td></tr><tr><td>386376007 (Oral health promotion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.JG.AC (Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement)</td><td>No ICHI code for "oral health promotion" as a concept exists; KAE.JG.AC is one of the most common preventive dental interventions but represents only a single procedural component of what SNOMED treats as a broader health promotion activity.</td></tr><tr><td>266740003 (Orthoptic treatment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BTB.PH.ZZ (Training of seeing functions)</td><td>Orthoptic treatment consists of therapeutic exercises aimed at improving binocular vision and ocular motor control — fundamentally a training/rehabilitation of visual functions. BTB.PH.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than orthoptics specifically and does not encode the binocular or vergence-specific dimension.</td></tr><tr><td>26464002 (Orthotic bracing)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Orthotic bracing is the application of an external supportive device to a body part. PZX.LC.AH is the NEC residual for external immobilisation application and is the best available general match, though it nominally references casts and splints rather than braces specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>72594006 (Orthotic check-out readjustment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.KB.AH (Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Orthotic check-out readjustment involves reviewing and readjusting a previously fitted orthotic device, which aligns most closely with the ICHI KB (replacement/exchange) action. The match is inexact because ICHI KB implies physical replacement rather than the assessment-and-readjustment workflow.</td></tr><tr><td>182607007 (Packing for non-obstetric uterine bleeding)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.DK.AC (Tamponade of uterus)</td><td>Tamponade of the uterus is the closest available ICHI code and represents the same clinical intent (mechanical compression of the uterine cavity to control bleeding), but "tamponade" technically encompasses balloon devices and other techniques beyond gauze packing.</td></tr><tr><td>168528006 (Palliative course of radiotherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue by radiotherapy, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has many site-specific radiotherapy (destruction by radiotherapy, GA.BA) codes but none capture palliative intent or a "course" of radiotherapy generically across body sites; LZZ.GA.BA is a residual skin/subcutaneous radiotherapy code and does not represent the broad, palliative, multi-site concept — a site-specific code such as those under GA.BA would need to be selected per case, and none convey the palliative qualifier.</td></tr><tr><td>1345025003 (Parenting skills promotion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEJ.PM.ZZ (Education to influence parenting behaviours)</td><td>"Parenting skills promotion" is a health-promotion intervention targeting parenting behaviours, and VEJ.PM.ZZ (education to influence parenting behaviours) is the closest single code, but "promotion" in the SNOMED sense is broader than education alone — it also encompasses awareness-raising, training, and capacity building, all of which have separate VEJ codes in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>19379006 (Partial denture, including adjustments)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.LC.AC (Application of dental device)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers both the provision and subsequent adjustment of a partial denture (a removable prosthesis); KAE.LC.AC (application of dental device) captures the fitting aspect but does not encompass the adjustment component, and "dental device" is broader than a removable partial denture specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>46594004 (Patellar retinacula release)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MML.FC.AB (Arthroscopic release of ligament of knee)</td><td>The patellar retinaculum is a ligament/fascia structure of the knee, and "release" (action FC) precisely matches the procedure intent; however, MML.FC.AB specifies an arthroscopic approach while the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach, and the target is "knee ligament" rather than retinaculum specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>410075001 (Patient transfer assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SHG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of transferring oneself)</td><td>SHG.AA.ZZ is the assessment counterpart within the "transferring oneself" target axis in ICHI, which captures evaluation of a patient's transfer ability; however, the ICHI code is framed around assessing the patient's own capacity to transfer (self-transfer), whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses broader pre-transfer clinical assessments performed by a clinician.</td></tr><tr><td>75014006 (Pelvimetry)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MKB.BA.BA (X-ray of pelvis)</td><td>Pelvimetry is the measurement of pelvic dimensions to assess adequacy for childbirth, classically performed by X-ray (or MRI) of the pelvis, but its clinical purpose (obstetric assessment) is distinct from a general pelvis imaging code. MKB.BA.BA captures the most common radiographic method but does not encode the obstetric measurement intent.</td></tr><tr><td>68965004 (Pelvimetry with placental localization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MKB.BA.BA (X-ray of pelvis)</td><td>This SNOMED concept combines pelvic measurement with placental localisation in a single procedure, but ICHI has no compound code covering both; MKB.BA.BA represents the pelvis imaging component while the placental localisation aspect is not captured, making this an inexact and partial match to a combined procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>712811002 (Penile brachial pressure index)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGM.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of penis)</td><td>The penile brachial pressure index is a non-invasive vascular assessment comparing penile arterial pressure to brachial pressure (typically using Doppler ultrasound) to evaluate erectile dysfunction; NGM.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of penis) is the nearest ICHI code by modality and target organ, but it does not capture the comparative vascular pressure measurement or the brachial component of the index.</td></tr><tr><td>179265003 (Percutaneous diagnostic puncture of bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>A diagnostic puncture of bone (needle aspiration or trocar puncture for diagnostic purposes) is closely related to a percutaneous bone biopsy; ICHI's MRB.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach on an unspecified bone site, but "biopsy" implies tissue sampling while "diagnostic puncture" may encompass aspiration without tissue retrieval, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>233189003 (Percutaneous insertion of pericardial drainage tube)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFF.JB.AE (Pericardiocentesis)</td><td>Pericardiocentesis in ICHI covers percutaneous pericardial drainage (needle aspiration with or without catheter), which overlaps substantially with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish between simple aspiration and tube/catheter placement, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>439833004 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of interphalangeal joint with manipulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOJ.LC.AE (Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to joint of foot or toe)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code specific to the interphalangeal joint nor one that combines percutaneous skeletal fixation (K-wire pinning) with closed reduction of a dislocation; MOJ.LC.AE captures the percutaneous approach and joint stabilisation/fixation component but omits the reduction/manipulation and is broader in body site (foot or toe rather than specifically interphalangeal). The hand-joint equivalent (MGJ.LC.AE) is equally plausible since the SNOMED concept does not lateralise to foot vs. hand.</td></tr><tr><td>439764006 (Percutaneous skeletal fixation of fracture of great toe with manipulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of foot or toe)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code specific to percutaneous fracture fixation of the great toe; MOB.DN.AE most closely represents the K-wire/pin insertion aspect ("percutaneous implantation of device into bone") but is broader in body site (foot or toe, not specifically great toe) and does not capture the closed manipulation/reduction component that accompanies the fixation.</td></tr><tr><td>707821008 (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of anastomosis between pulmonary artery and subclavian artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IDM.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of systemic to pulmonary collateral artery)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to balloon dilation of a surgically created systemic-to-pulmonary anastomosis (e.g., a Blalock-Taussig shunt), while the ICHI code addresses balloon dilatation of a systemic-to-pulmonary collateral artery. Both involve percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of a systemic-to-pulmonary connection, but the SNOMED concept specifies a surgical anastomosis rather than a collateral vessel.</td></tr><tr><td>24602008 (Percutaneous transluminal catheter embolectomy of femoropopliteal artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)</td><td>The femoropopliteal artery is an artery of the lower limb, and catheter-based embolectomy (mechanical removal of an embolus) is the closest procedural intent to endarterectomy (extraction of obstruction from a lower limb artery). No dedicated lower-limb-artery embolectomy code exists in ICHI; endarterectomy strictly denotes plaque stripping rather than embolus extraction, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>432866001 (Percutaneous transluminal cutting balloon angioplasty of mesenteric vein using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEF.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of portal vein and branches)</td><td>The mesenteric vein drains into the portal system and is anatomically a branch of the portal venous tree, making IEF.LG.AF the closest available code; however, there is no dedicated ICHI dilatation code for the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED), and the cutting-balloon technique specificity and fluoroscopic-with-contrast guidance detail are not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>238277006 (Peritoneal cyst marsupialization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.JB.AA (Drainage of peritoneal cavity)</td><td>Marsupialization of a peritoneal cyst is a surgical technique of opening a cyst and suturing its edges to create a permanent drainage pouch — it is functionally a form of drainage, but with a specific surgical construction not captured in ICHI. KMA.JB.AA is the closest available code, but it does not encode the marsupialization technique or the cyst-specific target.</td></tr><tr><td>82350007 (Photochemotherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.SC.AH (Whole body phototherapy)</td><td>Photochemotherapy (photodynamic therapy) combines a photosensitising chemical agent with light activation, but ICHI only encodes the phototherapy component without capturing the chemical/drug axis. "Whole body phototherapy" is the closest code for an unspecified-site photochemotherapy but omits the chemotherapy element, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>46467001 (Photochemotherapy with psoralens and ultraviolet A)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>PUVA therapy is a skin-directed phototherapy using psoralen drug plus UVA light; ICHI captures the phototherapy-to-skin component under the NEC category but has no code that encodes psoralens or the UVA-specific means, so the chemical sensitiser and specific wavelength are lost, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>410182004 (Physical examination assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)</td><td>PZA.AE.AH captures the physical examination of the whole body, which is the closest match to a physical examination assessment; however, ICHI codes the examination act itself rather than the combined examination-plus-assessment documentation activity implied by the SNOMED concept, and the SNOMED concept may apply to a body site rather than necessarily the whole body.</td></tr><tr><td>56706002 (Physical examination under local anesthesia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.AE.AH (Physical examination of whole body)</td><td>PZA.AE.AH is the closest ICHI code for physical examination, but ICHI has no dedicated code that combines physical examination with local anaesthesia as a procedural means; the local anaesthesia component (which is the defining feature of the SNOMED concept) is not captured in this code, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>226007004 (Post-surgical wound care)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no single code representing post-surgical wound care as a composite intervention. LZZ.DK.AH captures the most characteristic component — dressing application to skin — but post-surgical wound care also encompasses inspection, irrigation, debridement, and suture management, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent or simply directionally wider/narrower.</td></tr><tr><td>1356804001 (Postoperative examination of eye and application of dressing to eye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BZZ.DK.AH (Dressing of eye)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining both a postoperative eye examination and application of a dressing to the eye, whereas ICHI BZZ.DK.AH covers only the dressing component; the examination component (BZA.AA.ZZ — Assessment of eye, NEC) would require a separate code, so no single ICHI code captures the full scope.</td></tr><tr><td>91552000 (Postoperative revision of scleral fistulization procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCB.MK.AA (Repair of sclera)</td><td>BCB.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code for surgical work on the sclera after a prior fistulizing procedure; however, scleral fistulization (trabeculectomy-type drainage surgery) is not explicitly represented in ICHI, and "repair" does not fully capture the concept of revising a deliberately created fistula for glaucoma drainage.</td></tr><tr><td>133906008 (Postpartum care)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of functions related to pregnancy)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated postpartum or puerperium care code; the closest available concept is NUE.AA.ZZ, which covers assessment within the pregnancy functions block, but this is both too narrow (assessment only, not the full care package) and framed around pregnancy rather than the postpartum period specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>786455008 (Prehabilitation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>Prehabilitation is a pre-operative multimodal programme (exercise, nutrition, psychology) aimed at improving functional capacity before surgery; no ICHI code directly captures this concept. General health assessment is the closest available code but captures only the evaluative component, not the full preparatory intervention programme.</td></tr><tr><td>26446009 (Preliminary incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.FA.AA (Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A "preliminary incision" is a preparatory skin incision made at the start of a surgical procedure rather than a named independent procedure on a specific structure; ICHI classifies incisions by body target. LZZ.FA.AA is the generic skin/subcutaneous incision residual code, which approximates the concept but does not convey the preparatory or sequential context.</td></tr><tr><td>179875006 (Primary arthroscopic xenograft ligament replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MML.ML.AB (Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee)</td><td>ICHI has no xenograft-specific or anatomically unspecified arthroscopic ligament reconstruction code; MML.ML.AB is the closest assignable code representing arthroscopic ligament reconstruction, but it is restricted to the knee and does not capture the xenograft (animal tissue) graft type or the site-unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>386398003 (Product evaluation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)</td><td>"Product evaluation" in a health context most commonly refers to evaluating health-related products such as medicaments; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications but does not encompass non-medicament health products (devices, consumer goods).</td></tr><tr><td>228584009 (Projective therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Projective therapy is a psychotherapeutic technique using expressive/projective methods; ICHI has no specific code for it. PZB.PQ.ZZ as the residual whole-person psychotherapy category is the closest assignable code but does not capture the projective methodology specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>1153471005 (Promotion of mobility using mobility aid)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)</td><td>UAE.RD.ZZ captures the provision of mobility aids, which is the core action; however ICHI splits the activity across multiple codes (provision, training, prescription) and none individually captures the compound concept of promoting mobility through a mobility aid.</td></tr><tr><td>63668003 (Prophylactic treatment of clavicle with methyl methacrylate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of shoulder region)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for methyl methacrylate (bone cement) injection into the clavicle; MDB.DN.AA covers device/material implantation into bones of the shoulder region (which includes the clavicle) and is the closest structural match, but does not specify the material, the clavicle, or the prophylactic intent.</td></tr><tr><td>24538008 (Prophylactic treatment of femur with methyl methacrylate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)</td><td>MLB.DN.AA covers device/material implantation into the femur, the closest structural equivalent for bone cement injection; however, it does not specify methyl methacrylate as the implanted material nor encode the prophylactic intent.</td></tr><tr><td>736786002 (Provision of advice about muscle strengthening exercise)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MU2.PM.ZZ (Education about muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no "advising about muscle strengthening" code; MU2.PM.ZZ is the closest available — covering education on muscle functions — but the action axis is education (PM) rather than advising (PN), and the target is all muscle functions rather than specifically strengthening.</td></tr><tr><td>228610003 (Provision of assistive equipment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UA1.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products, unspecified)</td><td>ICHI frames this as "installation" of unspecified assistive products, which partially overlaps with "provision" but carries a different primary action (fitting/installing vs. supplying), making the action axis not an exact semantic equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>266728003 (Provision of auditory appliance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAF.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products for communication)</td><td>Hearing/auditory appliances are a subset of assistive products for communication in ICHI, so the target scope is wider than just auditory devices; "installation" is also not semantically identical to "provision".</td></tr><tr><td>243754005 (Provision of device for impotence)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGM.DP.AH (Fitting of external penile prosthesis)</td><td>NGM.DP.AH represents provision and fitting of an external penile prosthesis, the closest available ICHI code. However, the SNOMED concept is broader (could include vacuum erection devices or other external aids), so neither ICHI code alone captures the full scope.</td></tr><tr><td>423637002 (Provision of early intervention service for child)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEP.RG.ZZ (Providing health services, systems and policies)</td><td>ICHI has no code specific to early intervention or child developmental services; UEP.RG.ZZ captures providing a health-related service but lacks any child-age or developmental specificity and is far broader in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>716732003 (Provision of emergency ambulance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAE.RD.ZZ (Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)</td><td>An ambulance is fundamentally a transportation vehicle, and UAE.RD.ZZ covers provision of goods for mobility/transportation; ICHI does not encode the emergency, medical, or pre-hospital nature of the service.</td></tr><tr><td>211026007 (Puncture of bursa)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated bursa puncture or drainage code; a bursa is a soft tissue fluid-filled sac, so percutaneous drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site is the closest structural approximation, but it is an inexact match as it does not identify the bursa as the target.</td></tr><tr><td>443579008 (Radionuclide imaging with computed tomography attenuation correction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)</td><td>ICHI has no code representing hybrid SPECT/CT or the specific technique of CT-based attenuation correction applied to nuclear imaging; PZA.BA.BF captures the SPECT nuclear imaging component but does not represent the integrated CT correction component, and the whole-body target is an assumption since the SNOMED concept specifies no anatomical site.</td></tr><tr><td>241370000 (Radionuclide non-imaging renal studies)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the kidney)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifically denotes non-imaging radionuclide renal studies (e.g., radioisotope GFR measurement without producing a scan), whereas the only ICHI renal radionuclide code — NAA.BA.BE — is explicitly an imaging study. The modality overlap is partial but the imaging/non-imaging distinction makes this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>241292003 (Radionuclide ophthalmology study)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAD.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of lacrimal apparatus)</td><td>No ICHI code covers radionuclide imaging of the eye or orbit as a whole; the only ophthalmology-related nuclear imaging code available is restricted to the lacrimal apparatus, which is one sub-structure of the eye. The SNOMED concept spans the broader ophthalmological domain, making BAD.BA.BE an incomplete and structurally inexact approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>268443005 (Radionuclide studies in hematology)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DGA.BA.BE (Bone marrow radionucleide scan)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers the full range of radionuclide studies used in hematology (bone marrow scan, spleen scan, labelled red/white cell studies), whereas DGA.BA.BE addresses only the bone marrow component; while this is the most clinically prominent hematological radionuclide target, the mapping captures only part of the SNOMED concept's intended scope.</td></tr><tr><td>303905006 (Radionuclide study of gastrointestinal function)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and is the best available ICHI code, but it emphasises the anatomical target (GI tract structure) rather than the functional aspect specified in the SNOMED concept. The "not elsewhere classified" residual nature of the code and the structural vs. functional distinction make this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>38665006 (Rastelli operation for repair of pulmonary artery atresia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBB.LI.AA (Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree)</td><td>The Rastelli procedure for pulmonary atresia centres on creating a valved conduit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arterial tree (bypassing the atretic outflow tract), which is precisely what HBB.LI.AA describes; however, the full Rastelli operation also involves VSD closure and RVOT reconstruction, components not captured by this single ICHI code, making it an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>18932005 (Rastelli operation in repair of transposition of great vessels)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HZM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The Rastelli for transposition of the great vessels is a multi-component repair (intraventricular LV-to-aorta baffle, VSD enlargement, and RV-to-PA conduit) involving both ventricles and the great vessels; HZM.ML.AA is the most appropriate ICHI code as a catch-all for complex congenital reconstructions not classified elsewhere, though it is far broader than the specific named procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>31623006 (Reconstruction of angular deformity of toe by soft tissue procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of foot or toe)</td><td>"Reconstruction of muscle of foot or toe" is the closest ICHI code for a soft tissue reconstruction procedure of the toe, but it is not a precise match — the SNOMED concept specifically targets correction of an angular deformity and the soft tissue involved could include tendons or ligaments, not just muscle; ICHI has no single code that captures all relevant soft tissue types together for a deformity correction.</td></tr><tr><td>1345121009 (Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAE.MK.AA (Repair of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No reconstruction code exists for paranasal sinuses in ICHI; JAE.MK.AA (repair of paranasal sinus) is the closest available concept, but "repair" is a less specific action than "reconstruction with graft," and the SNOMED concept also specifies a defect and graft use, making this an approximate match only.</td></tr><tr><td>272386003 (Reconstruction of scrotum with graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGG.ML.AA (Reconstruction of scrotum with rotational or pedicle flaps)</td><td>NGG.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for scrotal reconstruction, but its title specifies rotational or pedicle flaps as the technique, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to reconstruction with a graft (which may be a free skin graft rather than a pedicle flap). The two concepts share the same target and reconstructive intent but differ in the specified means.</td></tr><tr><td>1231506002 (Reconstruction of uvula and soft palate using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft palate)</td><td>KAS.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the soft palate but ICHI has no dedicated uvula reconstruction code and does not encode the laser technique in the means axis; the SNOMED concept covers both the uvula and soft palate as a combined target with a specified laser approach, making this an approximate rather than wider match.</td></tr><tr><td>42364006 (Recreational therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXC.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in recreation and leisure)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated "recreational therapy" profession-level code; SXC.PH.ZZ captures the core therapeutic action of training in recreation and leisure, but recreational therapy as a discipline also encompasses assessment, counselling, and goal-setting not fully represented by a single code.</td></tr><tr><td>423273004 (Recreational therapy education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXC.PP.ZZ (Counselling about engaging in recreation and leisure)</td><td>The SNOMED concept bundles three distinct actions (education, guidance/advising, counselling) that map to three separate ICHI codes (SXC.PM.ZZ, SXC.PN.ZZ, SXC.PP.ZZ); SXC.PP.ZZ is selected as the primary best match but it only covers counselling, so the full semantic scope of the SNOMED concept requires all three codes.</td></tr><tr><td>82425008 (Reduction of intussusception of intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LD.AC (Reduction of small intestine by enema)</td><td>KBK.LD.AC is the only ICHI code that explicitly names "reduction of small intestine," and hydrostatic/air enema reduction is the standard first-line treatment for ileocolic intussusception. However, the SNOMED concept is broader (covers surgical and other approaches across the intestine generally), while this ICHI code is specific to enema approach of the small intestine.</td></tr><tr><td>116355009 (Reduction of open fracture without manipulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>"Open fracture without manipulation" refers to surgical wound management without repositioning bone fragments, which is semantically distinct from open reduction (LD implies active repositioning). MRB.LD.AA is the closest available code but implies manipulative reduction, creating an approximate rather than accurate match.</td></tr><tr><td>340712005 (Reduction of volvulus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Volvulus can affect various intestinal segments (small bowel, sigmoid, cecum) and ICHI has no single cross-segment "reduction of volvulus" code; KBK.LD.AA captures the dominant small bowel use case but the match is approximate since the SNOMED concept is body-site-unspecified and segment-specific ICHI codes exist.</td></tr><tr><td>77419007 (Reduction osteoplasty of facial bones)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Reduction osteoplasty is a surgical reshaping/contouring of facial bone volume, which is closest to reconstruction in ICHI; however MAB.ML.AA is broader than the contouring-specific intent of the SNOMED concept, and ICHI's MAB.LD codes (open/closed reduction) refer to fracture reduction rather than osteoplasty.</td></tr><tr><td>710872006 (Regimen management support)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with medications)</td><td>"Regimen management support" encompasses helping a patient adhere to a therapeutic plan (often medication-based), which aligns most closely with UAC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with medications), though the SNOMED concept is broader — it may include non-medication regimens (diet, exercise, rehabilitation schedules) not captured by the UAC (medications) target axis.</td></tr><tr><td>410351009 (Relaxation/breathing techniques case management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SDJ.PH.ZZ (Training in handling stress and other psychological demands)</td><td>Relaxation and breathing technique training is a method for managing stress and psychological demands, making SDJ.PH.ZZ the closest ICHI code, but the SNOMED concept includes a "case management" framing and the specific physical technique of breathing exercises that ICHI does not capture.</td></tr><tr><td>180155003 (Release of constriction ring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIK.FC.AA (Release of vascular ring)</td><td>A constriction ring in the surgical context most commonly refers to a vascular ring — an anomalous aortic arch structure that constricts adjacent structures — which maps directly to HIK.FC.AA. However, "constriction ring" in SNOMED can also apply to non-vascular fibrous rings (e.g., uterine constriction ring), so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>179835003 (Release of webbing of neck)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.MK.AA (Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>Release of neck webbing (pterygium colli) is a skin and subcutaneous soft-tissue plasty of the neck, most closely represented by repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck; however, the ICHI code does not capture the specific reconstructive (Z-plasty/flap) nature or the webbing indication, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>120218001 (Removal from forearm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of forearm)</td><td>ICHI has no single code for removal from the forearm as a body region; the closest surgical removal code is MFB.JD.AA, which is specific to the bone of the forearm rather than the forearm as a whole. The SNOMED concept is a broader super-type covering removal from any forearm structure, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>172867004 (Removal of antrochoanal polyp)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAF.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus)</td><td>An antrochoanal polyp originates in the maxillary antrum (sinus) and extends through the choana into the nasopharynx, so the procedure spans two anatomical sites; JAF.JI.AD captures the origin and primary surgical site (maxillary sinus, endoscopic approach) but does not represent the full extent of the polyp's removal into the nasopharynx.</td></tr><tr><td>89329002 (Removal of artificial urinary bladder sphincter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra)</td><td>The artificial urinary sphincter is a prosthetic device whose cuff is implanted around the urethra; NAM.JD.AA (removal of internal device from urethra) is the closest anatomical match, but the ICHI code is generic for any urethral device or foreign body rather than specifically an artificial sphincter prosthesis.</td></tr><tr><td>3479000 (Removal of heart assist system with replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HZZ.JD.AH (Removal of extrinsic heart assist device)</td><td>ICHI has no combined removal-with-replacement code for a heart assist system; the VAD-specific removal codes (HBA/HBB/HBZ) each specify laterality which is not given in the SNOMED concept, while HZZ.JD.AH covers removal of any extrinsic cardiac assist device without capturing the replacement component, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>450584009 (Removal of intermaxillary fixation screw)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAF.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from maxillary bone)</td><td>Intermaxillary fixation involves both the maxilla and mandible; the SNOMED concept specifies a screw used to fix the jaw in occlusion, which spans both bones. MAF.JD.AA covers device removal from the maxillary bone specifically (one of the two bones involved), making it an approximate rather than equivalent match — MAG.JD.AA (mandible) would equally apply, and neither alone fully captures the cross-jaw nature of the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>232476005 (Removal of nasal septal spur)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAB.JJ.AC (Submucous resection of nasal septum)</td><td>A nasal septal spur is a focal bony or cartilaginous protrusion; its targeted removal is more limited than a submucous resection of the full septum. ICHI has no specific code for spur removal, making this the closest available option but an imprecise fit.</td></tr><tr><td>46582008 (Removal of neuropacemaker of peripheral nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve)</td><td>The ICHI code matches on target (peripheral nerve) and action (removal of internal device), but specifies a percutaneous approach while neuropacemaker removal from a peripheral nerve is typically performed as an open procedure; additionally, ICHI does not specify the device type. The approach discrepancy makes this an imprecise rather than simply wider match.</td></tr><tr><td>231041000 (Removal of neurostimulator electrode from spinal nerve root)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABN.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal nerve)</td><td>ABN.JD.AE matches on the spinal nerve target and device removal action, but specifies a percutaneous approach and addresses the spinal nerve generally rather than the spinal nerve root specifically; the approach specification and anatomical granularity difference make this an inexact rather than a simply wider match.</td></tr><tr><td>702643008 (Removal of pilonidal cyst)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>ICHI has no pilonidal-specific code; a pilonidal cyst is located in the sacrococcygeal skin/subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, so local excision of that tissue region is the closest available code, but it does not capture the specific pathology nor distinguish it from other local excisions of trunk skin.</td></tr><tr><td>235277005 (Removal of prosthesis from duodenum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBI.JD.AD (Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from duodenum)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is approach-neutral, whereas the only ICHI code for this target and action specifies the endoscopic means. The anatomical target and procedural intent match well, but the forced approach specificity makes this an approximate rather than equivalent mapping.</td></tr><tr><td>235354007 (Removal of prosthesis from large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon)</td><td>KBP (colon) is the primary and broadest large-intestine segment code with a device removal action, but the SNOMED concept encompasses the entire large intestine including rectum and sigmoid colon which have separate ICHI blocks, so the anatomical scope is not fully aligned.</td></tr><tr><td>302408005 (Removal of skin flap)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for removal or division of a skin flap; LZZ.JI.AA is the closest available code representing local excision of skin tissue at an unspecified site, but it does not capture the flap-specific context or the surgical stage implied by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>12128005 (Removal of spinal electrodes with synchronous replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies simultaneous removal and replacement of spinal electrodes, while ABG.KA.AE encodes percutaneous replacement of a spinal canal device, which logically encompasses the removal-and-reinsertion action but does not explicitly name electrodes and presupposes a percutaneous approach.</td></tr><tr><td>235404002 (Removal of stomal bridge)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon)</td><td>A stomal bridge (support rod under a loop stoma) is most commonly associated with a colostomy, and its removal is conceptually a device removal from the colonic stoma site. The match is inexact because stomal bridges occur at various ostomy types, and ICHI has no dedicated code for this procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>426565000 (Removal of subretinal vascular membrane)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye)</td><td>The subretinal space lies within the posterior segment of the eye, and this is the only ICHI code in the posterior segment block that involves removal. However, a subretinal neovascular membrane is not a foreign body or device — it is pathological tissue — making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>699082005 (Repair of blood vessel of extremity with synthetic patch graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)</td><td>ICHI separates upper limb (ICA.ML.AA) and lower limb (IFA.ML.AA) artery reconstruction codes with no unified "extremity" category, and neither code distinguishes synthetic versus tissue patch grafts or covers veins; the match is approximate due to limb-level ambiguity and lack of graft-material specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>699084006 (Repair of blood vessel of extremity with tissue patch graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)</td><td>ICHI provides no unified "extremity blood vessel" reconstruction code and does not differentiate tissue versus synthetic graft material; ICA.ML.AA is the closest available category but the match is approximate due to limb ambiguity and absent graft-type specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>1279575005 (Repair of defect of atrioventricular septum with tissue graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFB.ML.AA (Repair of atrioventricular septal defect with patch)</td><td>HFB.ML.AA describes repair of an atrioventricular septal defect using a patch, which is conceptually close to the SNOMED concept's tissue graft; however, "patch" in ICHI typically refers to synthetic or pericardial material, whereas "tissue graft" implies autologous or biological tissue, making this an approximate but not exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>232926001 (Repair of implanted atrioventricular paravalvular leak)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "atrioventricular valve" repair category for non-congenital valves; the SNOMED concept covers both mitral and tricuspid implanted valves, and mitral is the most commonly implanted AV valve, making HDF.MK.AA the closest available code, but it omits the tricuspid laterality and the paravalvular/prosthetic context.</td></tr><tr><td>174181000112102 (Repair of ligament of glenohumeral joint)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDL.LB.AA (Reattachment of ligament or fascia of shoulder)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically titled "repair of ligament of shoulder"; the closest available code is reattachment of shoulder ligament/fascia, which overlaps in clinical intent but differs in action axis (reattachment vs. repair) and also includes fascia.</td></tr><tr><td>315307003 (Repair of obstetric laceration of lower urinary tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.MK.AA (Repair of urethra)</td><td>The lower urinary tract encompasses both the bladder and urethra, and ICHI has no single code covering both; NAM.MK.AA (urethra, the most commonly lacerated structure in obstetric injury) is selected as the closest approximation, but it covers only one component of the lower urinary tract.</td></tr><tr><td>68371002 (Repair of symblepharon with free graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac)</td><td>Symblepharon repair with free graft aims to restore the conjunctival fornix and separate the adhesed conjunctiva, which aligns most closely with reconstruction of the conjunctival cul-de-sac; however, ICHI does not explicitly encode "symblepharon" or "free graft."</td></tr><tr><td>28003005 (Repair of symblepharon with free graft of buccal mucous membrane)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac)</td><td>Same procedural intent as concept 68371002 (restoration of the conjunctival cul-de-sac after symblepharon), but the SNOMED concept specifies buccal mucous membrane as the graft source — a distinction ICHI does not capture.</td></tr><tr><td>34098008 (Repair of symblepharon with free graft of conjunctiva)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac)</td><td>Same base procedure as 68371002 and 28003005; the conjunctival free graft source is more anatomically consistent with the ICHI target, but ICHI still does not distinguish graft material type or explicitly name symblepharon repair.</td></tr><tr><td>31230008 (Repair of tear of retina by coagulation using electrical energy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina)</td><td>Retinal tear repair by electrical coagulation works by creating a controlled destructive chorioretinal burn to seal the tear, making BCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina) the best available match for the mechanism — it does not capture the "repair" intent or the electrical means specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>240939007 (Replacement of arterial intraluminal device)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBB.KA.AA (Replacement of carotid artery device)</td><td>ICHI codes device replacement only at specific named arteries (e.g., carotid), and has no generic "arterial" intraluminal device replacement code; IBB.KA.AA is the best available structural analog but is limited to the carotid artery rather than any artery. The SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific whereas the ICHI code is restricted to a single vessel.</td></tr><tr><td>713037008 (Replacement of larynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated "replacement of larynx" code; reconstruction of the larynx is the closest available option, as total laryngeal replacement (e.g., laryngeal transplant or prosthetic larynx) would typically be encoded under reconstruction in ICHI. The semantic match is approximate since replacement implies a different scope than reconstruction.</td></tr><tr><td>431846007 (Replacement of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.KA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system)</td><td>The percutaneous transluminal route (AF means axis) corresponds to the transvenous approach typically performed under fluoroscopic guidance, making this the best available match; however, ICHI does not explicitly encode the fluoroscopic guidance modality, and the code also encompasses defibrillator systems beyond just pacemakers.</td></tr><tr><td>57462009 (Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.KA.AD (Endoscopic replacement of colonic device)</td><td>KBP.KA.AD is the closest available ICHI code, covering endoscopic replacement of a colonic device, but the SNOMED concept is site-broader (large intestine includes colon, caecum, and rectum) and approach-neutral, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>236208006 (Replacement of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)</td><td>ICHI has no code titled "replacement of urinary bladder"; NAI.ML.AA is the closest concept, as total bladder replacement (e.g., orthotopic neobladder after cystectomy) involves bladder reconstruction, though "replacement" and "reconstruction" are not fully synonymous.</td></tr><tr><td>174312005 (Reversal of Hartmann's procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.LB.AA (Anastomosis of rectum)</td><td>Reversal of Hartmann's procedure involves colostomy takedown, mobilisation of the rectal stump, and colorectal anastomosis; ICHI has no dedicated code, but KBW.LB.AA captures the definitive anastomotic step. The colostomy takedown and full operative context are not represented.</td></tr><tr><td>311428000 (Revision closed reduction and internal fixation of fracture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI separates closed reduction (LD.AH) from device implantation (DN.AA) and has no combined "closed reduction + internal fixation" code; MBZ.LD.AH is the only site-unspecified vertebral closed reduction code, but neither the internal fixation component, the fracture qualifier, nor the revision status are captured, making this an approximate and partial match.</td></tr><tr><td>179775004 (Revision intra-articular autograft augmentation intra-articular ligament)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)</td><td>ICHI's reconstruction of knee ligaments is the closest structural match for autograft augmentation of an intra-articular ligament, but the ICHI code is knee-specific whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain to the knee, and neither the "revision" nor the "autograft" detail is encoded in the ICHI title.</td></tr><tr><td>69486001 (Revision neuroplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.MK.AA (Repair of peripheral nerve)</td><td>Neuroplasty (surgical repair or mobilisation of a nerve) aligns most closely with repair of a peripheral nerve, but the ICHI code does not capture the "revision" (redo) nature of the procedure, nor does it distinguish peripheral from cranial or spinal nerve targets where relevant.</td></tr><tr><td>448817006 (Revision of closed reduction of fracture and skeletal traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>This SNOMED concept combines closed reduction of a fracture with concurrent skeletal traction as a revision procedure; ICHI has no single code uniting all three elements, and the only general skeletal traction code (MBZ.LC.AE) is restricted to the spine, so the fracture-reduction code is an inexact approximation that omits both the traction and the revision aspects.</td></tr><tr><td>174810007 (Revision of implantation of prosthetic heart)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HZZ.DN.AA (Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated code for a total artificial heart (prosthetic heart) or for revision of its implantation; the nearest available code covers implantation of an unspecified cardiac assist device. This is an approximate match that captures the cardiac device implantation domain but misses both the total-heart specificity and the revision (redo) intent.</td></tr><tr><td>112706000 (Revision of internal fixation device, broken or displaced)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no "internal fixation" terminology or "revision of fixation device" concept; the closest available code addresses removal of an internal device from bone of unspecified site, which captures the primary surgical step in revising a broken or displaced fixation device. The match is inexact because revision typically also involves re-implantation (not encoded here), the site is unspecified, and the specific clinical indication (broken/displaced hardware) is absent.</td></tr><tr><td>609139008 (Revision of internal fixation of calcaneus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe)</td><td>The calcaneus is a foot bone, so the foot/toe bone block (MOB) is the correct anatomical target. Revision of internal fixation primarily involves re-implanting fixation hardware, making MOB.DN.AA (implantation of device into foot/toe bone) the closest action; however, it captures only the re-fixation step and not the removal of the original hardware or the revision context, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>609129002 (Revision of internal fixation of carpal and metacarpal bones)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger)</td><td>ICHI has no specific "revision of internal fixation" code; MGB.DN.AA (implantation of device into bone of hand or finger) captures the dominant surgical act — re-placing internal fixation hardware — but does not encode the revision/correction nature of the procedure, and the target is broader than carpal and metacarpal bones specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>609130007 (Revision of internal fixation of femur)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into femur)</td><td>ICHI has no revision-of-fixation category; MLB.DN.AA matches the correct anatomical target (femur) and the primary surgical act (device implantation), but does not capture the revision/corrective intent — removal of prior hardware and re-fixation — that distinguishes this from a primary internal fixation procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>609131006 (Revision of internal fixation of fibula)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into tibia or fibula)</td><td>MNB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code, covering device implantation into the tibia or fibula (wider anatomical target than fibula alone), but ICHI does not encode the revision/corrective nature of the procedure, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>609124007 (Revision of internal fixation of humerus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MEB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of humerus)</td><td>MEB.DN.AA correctly identifies the humerus as the target and device implantation as the primary act, but ICHI lacks a dedicated revision concept; the code does not distinguish a re-do procedure (with prior hardware removal/correction) from a primary internal fixation.</td></tr><tr><td>609136001 (Revision of internal fixation of metatarsal bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe)</td><td>MOB.DN.AA is the best available ICHI code, but it covers all bones of the foot or toe (broader than metatarsal alone) and addresses only the implantation act rather than the full revision concept; no ICHI code specifically represents revision of internal fixation at this site.</td></tr><tr><td>609138000 (Revision of internal fixation of tarsal and metatarsal bones)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe)</td><td>MOB.DN.AA covers device implantation into foot/toe bones, which encompasses tarsal and metatarsal bones, but the ICHI code describes initial implantation rather than revision of existing fixation. The "revision" (re-fixation) aspect of the SNOMED concept is not captured by ICHI, making this an approximate match only.</td></tr><tr><td>609137005 (Revision of internal fixation of tarsal bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe)</td><td>MOB.DN.AA is the closest available ICHI code, covering device implantation in foot/toe bones (which includes tarsal bones), but it is wider anatomically (includes metatarsals and toes) and does not encode the "revision" nature of the procedure — only initial device implantation.</td></tr><tr><td>609132004 (Revision of internal fixation of tibia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into tibia or fibula)</td><td>MNB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code but is wider anatomically (covers both tibia and fibula, not tibia alone) and represents initial device implantation rather than revision of existing fixation hardware, so neither the anatomical specificity nor the procedural intent aligns precisely.</td></tr><tr><td>609134003 (Revision of internal fixation of tibia and fibula)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into tibia or fibula)</td><td>MNB.DN.AA covers the correct anatomical target (tibia or fibula, matching the combined tibia-and-fibula scope), but it describes initial device implantation rather than revision of existing internal fixation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>609127000 (Revision of internal fixation of ulna)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of forearm)</td><td>MFB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code but is anatomically wider (covers all forearm bones — both radius and ulna — not the ulna specifically) and encodes initial device implantation rather than revision of existing fixation, yielding only an approximate semantic match.</td></tr><tr><td>178988003 (Revision of reconstruction of bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no "reconstruction of bone, unspecified site" category — the only ML-action code for unspecified bone is "Bone graft of unspecified site," which is a reconstructive technique for bone but does not fully align with the broader concept of bone reconstruction revision; additionally, the "revision of" qualifier is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>173388007 (Revision of repair of cleft palate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAS.MK.AA (Repair of soft palate)</td><td>Cleft palate repair typically involves the soft palate (and often the hard palate), and ICHI has no combined or cleft-specific palate repair code; KAS.MK.AA is the closest single code, but it omits the hard palate component, does not specify cleft aetiology, and does not encode the "revision of" qualifier.</td></tr><tr><td>179548008 (Revision of resurfacing arthroplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLJ.KA.AA (Replacement of hip joint device)</td><td>Resurfacing arthroplasty is predominantly a hip procedure, and ICHI's "Replacement of hip joint device" (KA = replacement of existing device) captures the revision intent, but ICHI does not distinguish resurfacing from total joint arthroplasty, and the SNOMED concept does not specify the joint site, making this an approximate match only.</td></tr><tr><td>230820003 (Revision of shunt in intracranial subdural space)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAE.KA.AA (Replacement of ventricular device)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for a subdural shunt; the closest available brain shunt revision code targets ventricular structures (AAE), whereas a subdural shunt is sited in the subdural space, making this an approximate anatomical match for the concept of intracranial shunt revision.</td></tr><tr><td>231056009 (Revision of shunt in spinal syrinx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for a syrinx (syringomyelia cavity) shunt; the closest available code covers device replacement in the spinal canal (ABG), which is anatomically adjacent but not identical to the intramedullary syrinx cavity, and the percutaneous approach is specified in ICHI but not necessarily implied by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>226833008 (Revision of stoma of thorax)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall)</td><td>ICHI has no thoracic stoma-specific code; a stoma of the thorax (e.g. a thoracostomy opening) involves the chest wall, making PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall) the closest approximation, though the match is imprecise as it covers general chest wall repair rather than stoma revision specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>442373004 (Revisional laminoplasty of cervical spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for laminoplasty or lamina reconstruction; MBZ.ML.AA captures the reconstructive nature of laminoplasty (a remodelling/plasty of the posterior arch) but loses both the cervical specificity and the lamina-specific target, and does not encode the revisional aspect. This is an approximate match at best.</td></tr><tr><td>265567000 (Rigid cystoscopy and cystodiathermy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.LA.AC (Transurethral haemostasis of bladder)</td><td>Cystodiathermy (electrocoagulation/diathermy of bladder tissue via cystoscope) is closest in ICHI to transurethral haemostasis of bladder, as both involve transurethral energy-based tissue treatment of the bladder. ICHI has no dedicated code for cystodiathermy or endoscopic electrocoagulation of bladder, so NAI.LA.AC is an approximate match — the SNOMED concept implies a combined diagnostic-plus-therapeutic procedure and diathermy is not restricted to haemostasis alone.</td></tr><tr><td>708816008 (Robot assisted laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMC.JK.AB (Laparoscopic total salpingectomy)</td><td>ICHI has no combined code for simultaneous salpingectomy and oophorectomy; NMC.JK.AB covers the laparoscopic total removal of the fallopian tube but omits the ovary removal component, the bilateral nature, and the robot-assisted technique, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>410353007 (Safety case management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)</td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ represents coordinating care across services for a whole person, which overlaps significantly with safety case management as a coordinating function; however, ICHI does not distinguish a "safety" focus, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>448895004 (Sampling for smear)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue)</td><td>"Sampling for smear" is a surface cytology technique (cell scraping/swabbing) applied to any site, while ICHI's best available generic option is tissue specimen collection NEC; no ICHI code specifically represents a smear-type collection independent of site, making this an approximate match only.</td></tr><tr><td>410306009 (Screening education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VDB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence screening behaviours)</td><td>VDB.PM.ZZ is the best available code — it specifically targets education aimed at influencing screening behaviours, capturing the educational and guidance component. However, the SNOMED concept also explicitly includes "counseling" (a distinct action, PN in ICHI), making this an inexact match; the full intent would require combining VDB.PM.ZZ with VDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours).</td></tr><tr><td>310858007 (Self-monitoring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMH.AM.ZZ (Observation of looking after one's health)</td><td>Self-monitoring in SNOMED is a patient-performed activity of observing one's own health status, which aligns most closely in ICHI with "Observation of looking after one's health" (SMH.AM.ZZ) under the self-care block; however, the ICHI code represents a clinician observing the patient's self-care activity rather than the patient's own monitoring act, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>1285184001 (Sexual and reproductive health promotion program)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEF.VB.ZZ (Awareness raising to influence sexual behaviours)</td><td>VEF.VB.ZZ is the closest single ICHI code, covering population-level awareness raising about sexual behaviours, which overlaps with sexual health promotion; however, the SNOMED concept is broader — encompassing reproductive health, program-level delivery, and multiple intervention modalities that no single ICHI code captures.</td></tr><tr><td>1231376002 (Sialendoscopic removal of mucus plug of salivary duct)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAM.JE.AD (Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct)</td><td>The ICHI code captures endoscopic extraction from a salivary duct (matching the sialendoscopic approach and ductal target), but its action axis specifies "calculus" while the SNOMED concept specifies "mucus plug" — a functionally similar but materially distinct obstruction. No more precise ICHI code for endoscopic mucus plug removal from a salivary duct exists.</td></tr><tr><td>5154007 (Speech therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JU1.PH.ZZ (Training of voice and speech functions, unspecified)</td><td>Speech therapy as a clinical discipline encompasses assessment, training, advising, and counselling of speech and language functions, whereas JU1.PH.ZZ captures only the training/exercise component; the block BlockL4-JU1 (Interventions on voice and speech) would be a better structural fit but is not an assignable category code, making JU1.PH.ZZ the best available assignable approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>448352008 (Sphincteroplasty of pancreatic duct using duodenal approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of pancreatic duct)</td><td>Sphincteroplasty of the pancreatic duct is a repair/reconstruction of the pancreatic sphincter mechanism accessed via the duodenum; KCO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of pancreatic duct) is the closest structural match but does not distinguish the sphincter specifically or the duodenal approach, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>178814008 (Spinal facet joint denervation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABN.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal nerve root)</td><td>Facet joint denervation targets the medial branch nerves supplying the zygapophyseal joints (not strictly the spinal nerve root), but ABN.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal nerve root) is the closest available ICHI code covering nerve destruction in the spinal region; ICHI does not have a dedicated facet joint denervation code.</td></tr><tr><td>105408001 (Spiritual assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality)</td><td>SXH.AA.ZZ is an assessment of a patient's engagement with religion and spirituality as an activity/participation domain (ICF-aligned), which overlaps meaningfully with a clinical spiritual assessment but is not semantically identical — the SNOMED concept frames this as a health-care assessment act, while the ICHI code frames it as an intervention on a participation domain. It is the closest available code but the fit is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>410313009 (Spiritual care education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXH.PN.ZZ (Advising about engaging in religion and spirituality)</td><td>The SNOMED concept combines education, guidance, and counseling in one term, whereas ICHI splits these into separate codes (SXH.PM.ZZ for education, SXH.PN.ZZ for advising); SXH.PN.ZZ (advising/guidance) is the closest single match but does not fully capture the combined scope including formal counseling and education components.</td></tr><tr><td>386444001 (Spiritual support)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXH.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for engaging in religion and spirituality)</td><td>"Spiritual support" is closely aligned with providing emotional and practical support within a spiritual/religious context; SXH.RC.ZZ (emotional support) is the best single-code fit, though spiritual support may also encompass practical dimensions captured by SXH.RB.ZZ, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>265726007 (Spondylolisthesis operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBM.LE.AA (Fusion of lumbar spine)</td><td>Spondylolisthesis operations most commonly involve spinal fusion (with or without reduction) at the lumbar level, making MBM.LE.AA a clinically reasonable representative code; however, the SNOMED concept is non-specific (covers any surgical approach — reduction alone, fusion, decompression, or instrumentation, and at any spinal level), so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>31774006 (Steinberg operation, revision of gastric anastomosis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of stomach)</td><td>The Steinberg operation is a revision of a gastric anastomosis — a reconstructive procedure on the stomach — which aligns most closely with reconstruction of stomach; ICHI has no specific "revision of anastomosis" code, so reconstruction better captures the revisional/corrective nature than a simple anastomosis code.</td></tr><tr><td>439106001 (Stimulation of bone healing using ultrasonic osteogenic stimulator)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.DN.AH (Noninvasive placement of external device of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>MRB.DN.AH represents noninvasive external device placement on bone at unspecified site, aligning with how a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) osteogenic stimulator is applied; however, it does not specify the ultrasound modality or the bone-healing stimulation purpose.</td></tr><tr><td>226060000 (Stress management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATF.PH.ZZ (Training of global psychosocial functions)</td><td>Stress management as a clinical intervention encompasses training, skill-building, and self-regulation techniques mapping most closely to ATF.PH.ZZ; the match is inexact because "stress management" is broader than training alone and could also involve counselling (ATF.PP.ZZ) or advising (ATF.PN.ZZ).</td></tr><tr><td>410315002 (Stress management education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for global psychosocial functions)</td><td>This SNOMED concept combines three distinct activities (education, guidance, and counseling) for stress management; ATF.PP.ZZ for counselling of global psychosocial functions is the closest single ICHI code but does not capture the education or advising components.</td></tr><tr><td>2677003 (Stripping)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFD.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lower limb vein)</td><td>"Stripping" without further qualification most commonly refers to surgical vein stripping (saphenectomy); IFD.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but ICHI does not have a dedicated "stripping" technique term, and the SNOMED concept is generic enough that it could refer to non-venous stripping.</td></tr><tr><td>16662008 (Stripping of carotid sinus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)</td><td>Stripping of the carotid sinus (carotid sinus denervation) involves surgical removal/disruption of the carotid sinus nerve, functionally mapping to destruction/excision of a peripheral nerve; ICHI has no carotid-sinus-specific nerve code, and ACA.GA.AA is the closest available concept though broader.</td></tr><tr><td>55161005 (Stripping of fascia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI lacks a dedicated "stripping of fascia" or "fasciectomy" code; MRS.JJ.AA is preferred as stripping of fascia is functionally a partial removal of soft tissue, though ICHI does not distinguish fascia as a specific target at this level.</td></tr><tr><td>424407005 (Substance use cessation education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VA1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counseling about cessation; VA1.PP.ZZ covers counselling only, with separate ICHI codes for education (VA1.PM.ZZ) and advising (VA1.PN.ZZ), so no single ICHI code combines all three modalities.</td></tr><tr><td>385989002 (Substance use therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VA1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)</td><td>"Substance use therapy" is a broad term encompassing psychotherapeutic and behavioural interventions; the closest ICHI code is counselling (VA1.PP.ZZ), though no single ICHI code covers "therapy" in its broadest sense across all modalities.</td></tr><tr><td>395169002 (Superior mediastinal lymph nodes neck dissection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFB.JL.AA (Radical neck dissection)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes dissection spanning cervical and superior mediastinal lymph nodes; DFB.JL.AA captures radical neck dissection but does not encompass the superior mediastinal component, making this approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>1230103006 (Support during first stage of labor)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUG.PP.ZZ (Counselling for functions related to childbirth)</td><td>ICHI has no first-stage-of-labour-specific code; NUG.PP.ZZ is the closest within the childbirth functions block but frames the intervention as counselling rather than continuous support and covers all of childbirth rather than the first stage.</td></tr><tr><td>410319008 (Support system education, guidance, and counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEO.PM.ZZ (Education about general social support services, systems and policies)</td><td>UEO.PM.ZZ captures the education component directed at social support systems, but the SNOMED bundles education, guidance, and counseling together while ICHI separates these across distinct action codes.</td></tr><tr><td>384743009 (Support system enhancement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEO.VA.ZZ (Capacity building targeting general social support services, systems and policies)</td><td>UEO.VA.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept to strengthening a support system, but capacity building is a specific population/system-level action whereas SNOMED's "support system enhancement" is broader and may encompass individual or organisational improvements.</td></tr><tr><td>176889002 (Surgical control of hemorrhage of uterus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.DK.AC (Tamponade of uterus)</td><td>ICHI lacks a generic "control of haemorrhage of uterus" code; tamponade is the closest available intervention but represents only one specific technique rather than the full range of surgical hemostatic methods (ligation, embolisation, compression sutures).</td></tr><tr><td>85651007 (Plantar dissection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOL.FA.AA (Incision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe)</td><td>Plantar dissection involves cutting through plantar soft tissues (most commonly the plantar fascia), which aligns with incision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe; however, "dissection" can span a wider range of tissue planes and purposes, so the match is approximate rather than precise.</td></tr><tr><td>179176009 (Plaster cast traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI captures the cast/splint application component of this procedure under PZX.LC.AH, but the traction element (applying sustained pulling force) is not reflected in this code; no dedicated traction code was found in ICHI, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>78285005 (Pleuropexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCA.GA.AA (Pleurodesis)</td><td>Pleuropexy (mechanical fixation of the pleural layers) and pleurodesis (obliteration of the pleural space, typically by chemical sclerosing agent) share the same clinical goal of eliminating the pleural space but differ in technique; at ICHI's level of granularity, pleurodesis is the closest available code.</td></tr><tr><td>274475000 (Pneumatic splinting)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI captures the act of applying a splint in PZX.LC.AH but does not distinguish the pneumatic (inflatable) modality from other splint types; the pneumatic technique is an important clinical distinction that is lost, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>281582006 (Pneumothorax relief)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)</td><td>Pneumothorax relief is most commonly achieved by percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity (needle aspiration or chest drain insertion), which corresponds to JCB.JB.AE; however, the ICHI code refers to pleural cavity drainage broadly and does not specify pneumothorax as the indication.</td></tr><tr><td>9718006 (Polymerase chain reaction analysis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG4U02 (Viral nucleic acid amplification test)</td><td>PCR is the dominant nucleic acid amplification technology, and XG4U02 covers viral nucleic acid amplification tests broadly; however, PCR analysis in SNOMED is a general laboratory technique applicable to any target (bacterial, genetic, non-viral), while XG4U02 is specifically scoped to viral detection.</td></tr><tr><td>473215001 (Suture plication of artery for control of gastric ulcer hemorrhage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.MK.AA (Repair of stomach)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code for open suture plication of an artery to control gastric ulcer bleeding; the available gastric bleeding codes are endoscopic or transcatheter. "Repair of stomach" is the closest open surgical correlate but differs in that the SNOMED concept targets the artery supplying the ulcer rather than the stomach wall itself.</td></tr><tr><td>448368002 (Suturing of laceration of trachea by intrathoracic approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBA.MK.AB (Thoracoscopic repair of trachea)</td><td>JBA.MK.AB specifies a thoracoscopic (intrathoracic) approach to tracheal repair, which aligns with the intrathoracic route in the SNOMED concept, but "thoracoscopic" implies endoscopic instrumentation whereas the SNOMED concept implies open surgical suturing; additionally, ICHI "repair" is broader than "suturing of laceration."</td></tr><tr><td>311677003 (Swallowing promotion therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTC.PH.ZZ (Training about swallowing)</td><td>"Swallowing promotion therapy" encompasses therapeutic techniques to facilitate and improve swallowing, which aligns most closely with training/education about swallowing (KTC.PH.ZZ), but ICHI also has KTC.SC.ZZ (Facilitating swallowing) and KTC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing) — no single ICHI code captures the full "promotion therapy" concept, making this an inexact match. KTC.PH.ZZ is the best single fit as swallowing promotion therapy is primarily an active training-based rehabilitation intervention.</td></tr><tr><td>31160006 (Tenosuspension of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger)</td><td>Tenosuspension is a tendon-anchoring stabilisation procedure of the hand with no dedicated ICHI equivalent; MGT.ML.AA (reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger) is the closest structural match, as tenosuspension is a form of tendon reconstruction, but it does not capture the specific suspensory fixation technique.</td></tr><tr><td>287627004 (Therapeutic brain ventricular shunt aspiration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of ventricles of brain)</td><td>Aspiration of CSF from an existing ventricular shunt (a "shunt tap") is a procedure performed on the shunt device itself to relieve pressure or test function; AAE.SN.AA captures the closest concept of managing an internal device within the ventricular system. No ICHI code specifically encodes shunt aspiration/tapping.</td></tr><tr><td>127606004 (Therapeutic phlebotomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DIA.JH.AF (Collection of blood or blood products)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated venesection or therapeutic phlebotomy code; DIA.JH.AF ("Collection of blood or blood products", percutaneous) is the closest structural match, but it does not encode the therapeutic intent of removing blood to treat conditions such as polycythaemia or haemochromatosis, and is typically used for donation/banking contexts.</td></tr><tr><td>25084003 (Therapeutic spinal puncture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.JB.AE (Drainage of spinal canal)</td><td>The therapeutic intent of spinal puncture is drainage of CSF, which aligns most closely with ABG.JB.AE ("Drainage of spinal canal", percutaneous); the named ICHI code for lumbar puncture (ABG.AH.AE) does not distinguish diagnostic from therapeutic use, while ABG.JB.AE captures the therapeutic drainage action but is not restricted to the lumbar route or puncture technique alone.</td></tr><tr><td>447236006 (Thoracentesis of fetus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity)</td><td>JCB.JB.AE captures the procedure type of thoracentesis performed percutaneously, but the SNOMED concept specifies the fetal subject — ICHI has no fetal-specific thoracentesis code under the NMR (fetal interventions) block, making this an approximate match that ignores the patient context.</td></tr><tr><td>171903001 (Thoracic chemical sympathectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADC.JK.AA (Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve)</td><td>ADC.JK.AA targets the correct anatomical site (thoracic sympathetic nerve) with a destructive intent, but encodes surgical excision rather than chemical/neurolytic destruction; ICHI contains no code for chemical neurolysis or ablation of the thoracic sympathetic nerve, so this is the closest available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>444141002 (Thoracoscopic excision of mass of pericardium)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFF.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pericardium)</td><td>HFF.JI.AA covers local excision of a pericardial lesion (mass), matching the target and action precisely, but uses an open (AA) approach rather than thoracoscopic; ICHI has thoracoscopic pericardiectomy codes (HFF.JJ.AB, HFF.JK.AB) but no thoracoscopic variant for local lesion excision of the pericardium.</td></tr><tr><td>35052002 (Thrombectomy and repair of venous graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZD.MK.AA (Repair of vein, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no combined code for thrombectomy plus repair of a venous graft; IZD.MK.AA covers the repair-of-vein component but omits the thrombectomy aspect, and neither code addresses a vascular graft specifically (as distinct from a native vein). This is an approximate match capturing only part of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>15023006 (Thromboendarterectomy with graft of carotid artery by neck incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBB.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial)</td><td>IBB.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery via open (neck) approach, matching the core procedure and anatomical site. However, it does not encode the graft reconstruction component (which would require a separate ICHI code such as IBB.ML.AA) nor the thrombus-specific indication, making it an approximate but incomplete match.</td></tr><tr><td>173131002 (Tracheo-esophageal puncture procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBA.DN.AC (Implantation of device into trachea)</td><td>TEP (tracheo-esophageal puncture) creates a surgical fistula between the trachea and oesophagus to allow placement of a voice prosthesis after laryngectomy; ICHI has no dedicated TEP code, and JBA.DN.AC (implantation of device into trachea) is the closest available approximation, capturing the tracheal component and device placement aspect. The match is inexact because TEP involves both tracheal and oesophageal structures and the core act is puncture/fistula creation, not purely device implantation.</td></tr><tr><td>288157009 (Traction for dislocation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>Traction applied to reduce a dislocation is a form of closed (manipulative) reduction of a joint; ICHI encodes this under closed reduction codes, with MRJ.LD.AH representing the unspecified-site residual category when no specific joint is specified. The match is inexact because traction is a specific technique within the broader closed reduction category, and site-specific codes (e.g., MDJ.LD.AH for shoulder, MLJ.LD.AH for hip) may be more appropriate when the joint is known.</td></tr><tr><td>175117000 (Transluminal removal of heart assist system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HZZ.JD.AH (Removal of extrinsic heart assist device)</td><td>HZZ.JD.AH is specifically about removing an extrinsic (external) heart assist device, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a transluminal (percutaneous/endovascular) approach to removing a heart assist system, which more typically involves internal devices such as an Impella or LVAD via a transluminal route. HBA.JD.AA (removal of left ventricular assist device, open) or HBB.JD.AA (right VAD) would capture the device type better but lack the transluminal approach; HZZ.JD.AH captures the "assist device removal" concept but implies an extrinsic device rather than an intravascular one, making the match inexact.</td></tr><tr><td>233068009 (Transluminal right ventricular outflow tract laser operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBB.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of right ventricular outflow tract)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for a laser procedure on the RVOT. HBB.LG.AF is the closest code as it is explicitly percutaneous transluminal and targets the right ventricular outflow tract — matching both the route and the anatomical target of the SNOMED concept — but the means (balloon dilatation vs. laser) differ, making this an inexact match rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>281627009 (Transposition of adrenal tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBC.KD.AA (Transplant of adrenal tissue)</td><td>Surgical transposition (moving tissue to a new anatomical site) is functionally close to autologous tissue transplant, and EBC.KD.AA is the only adrenal tissue repositioning code in ICHI. However, "transplant" in ICHI may imply exogenous/donor tissue rather than autologous transposition, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>119700007 (Transposition of tissue of ankle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "tissue transposition" category for the ankle; MNT.LJ.AA is the closest code, covering tendon transfer/transplantation at the ankle, but it is specific to tendon whereas the SNOMED concept refers broadly to any tissue at this anatomical site.</td></tr><tr><td>119699006 (Transposition of tissue of foot)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)</td><td>No foot-specific tendon transfer code exists in ICHI (unlike for ankle), and there is no generic tissue transposition code; MRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation, unspecified site) is the closest structural analogue, though it does not specify the foot and is restricted to tendon rather than tissue generally.</td></tr><tr><td>120226009 (Transposition of tissue of forearm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)</td><td>No forearm-specific tissue transposition code exists in ICHI; MRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation, unspecified site) captures the general concept of moving tissue to a new location but is restricted to muscle, does not specify the forearm, and does not encompass the full breadth of tissues covered by the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>119681003 (Transposition of tissue of thigh)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of thigh)</td><td>MLM.ML.AA targets specifically the muscle of the thigh rather than skin/subcutaneous tissue, making it an inexact match; however, thigh tissue transposition procedures most commonly involve musculocutaneous or muscle flaps (e.g., vastus lateralis, gracilis), so this is the most anatomically specific ICHI code available for the thigh.</td></tr><tr><td>389116009 (Treatment of heat exposure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.SE.ZZ (Cooling of central body temperature)</td><td>Cooling of the core body is the primary clinical intervention for heat-related illness (heat stroke, heat exhaustion), making PZA.SE.ZZ the best available ICHI match; however the SNOMED concept is broader and encompasses all treatments for heat exposure (e.g., fluid replacement, rest, environmental cooling), while the ICHI code specifically denotes active central-temperature cooling.</td></tr><tr><td>182977008 (Triple therapy Helicobacter pylori)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AC (Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice)</td><td>ICHI has no code specific to H. pylori eradication or multi-drug combination regimens. PZA.DB.AC (administering pharmacotherapy per orifice) captures the oral drug delivery act but loses the specific pathogen, triple-drug combination, and eradication intent of the SNOMED concept, making this an approximate but imprecise match.</td></tr><tr><td>1356872001 (Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of liver)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCA.GA.AH (Laser interstitial thermal therapy of tissue of liver)</td><td>KCA.GA.AH is the only ICHI code that specifically names laser-based thermal destruction of liver tissue, making it the closest match; however, it does not specify the percutaneous approach or ultrasound guidance, and "laser interstitial thermal therapy" (LITT) is a specific laser technique that partially overlaps but is not fully synonymous with "laser ablation" in general.</td></tr><tr><td>169435005 (Ultrasound therapy - analgesia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>Therapeutic ultrasound for analgesia works primarily through deep tissue heating (hyperthermy), which aligns with AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy applied to the pain target axis); however, ICHI does not have a code that specifies ultrasound as the means of delivering the thermal/mechanical energy for pain, so the match is approximate — the mechanism (heat for pain) is correct but the modality (ultrasound) is not explicit.</td></tr><tr><td>167252002 (Urine pregnancy test)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.AH.XB (Specimen collection of urine)</td><td>ICHI has no code for a urine-based pregnancy (hCG) test; PZX.AH.XB covers only the urine specimen collection step, missing the analytical/diagnostic component of testing for pregnancy hormones, making it an inexact partial match.</td></tr><tr><td>276343000 (Urogenital system investigation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>NAN.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the urinary system, but "urogenital system investigation" in SNOMED encompasses both urinary and genital/reproductive components; the ICHI code is restricted to the urinary subsystem, making it an inexact match given the partial scope overlap.</td></tr><tr><td>169439004 (US therapy - inner ear)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CCA.GA.AC (Destruction of inner ear)</td><td>ICHI has no code for therapeutic ultrasound applied to the inner ear; CCA.GA.AC is the closest structural match involving an energy-based or ablative action on the inner ear, but it represents surgical destruction rather than therapeutic ultrasound stimulation, making this only an inexact approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>169438007 (US therapy - larynx lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx)</td><td>ICHI contains no code for therapeutic ultrasound applied to a laryngeal lesion; JAN.GA.AA is the closest functional analog representing a destructive/ablative action on a laryngeal lesion, but the means axis does not specify ultrasound as the technique, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>786451004 (Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PSA.DD.AF (Cardiopulmonary bypass)</td><td>VA-ECMO and cardiopulmonary bypass both use an extracorporeal circuit to oxygenate blood and support circulation, but they are clinically distinct — VA-ECMO provides sustained cardiorespiratory support while CPB is typically intra-operative; no dedicated ECMO code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>418419008 (Virtual CT bronchoscopy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBF.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of lung, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Virtual CT bronchoscopy is a post-processing CT imaging technique that reconstructs airway views from lung CT data; ICHI does not have a code specifically for virtual bronchoscopy rendering, and the target organ is the lung parenchyma rather than the bronchus.</td></tr><tr><td>28542003 (Wigand-Martin maneuver)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus)</td><td>The Wigand-Martin maneuver is a specific obstetric technique for delivering the aftercoming head in a breech delivery, which involves manipulation and rotation of the fetus; NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader and does not capture the full complexity of the maneuver including head delivery. No more specific ICHI code for breech head delivery maneuvers exists.</td></tr><tr><td>119811005 (Abdominal artery transposition)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>ICHI has no specific "transposition of artery" code; transposition (repositioning of a vessel to a new anatomical site) is a reconstructive vascular procedure, and IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery) is the closest available category, though it is an approximate rather than semantically equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>386671008 (Abdominal cavity operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy)</td><td>"Abdominal cavity operation" is a high-level, non-specific SNOMED grouper concept; PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy) is the prototypical ICHI code for a generic abdominal cavity procedure, but ICHI does not have a single umbrella code that equates to all abdominal cavity operations, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>405293000 (Abdominal sympathectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADD.JK.AA (Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve)</td><td>"Abdominal sympathectomy" most commonly refers to lumbar sympathectomy (excision of lumbar sympathetic ganglia/chain) performed through an abdominal approach, making ADD.JK.AA the best ICHI match; however, the SNOMED term could also encompass splanchnic or celiac plexus sympathectomy, and ICHI does not have a single code for all abdominal sympathetic structures, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>177250006 (Abdominoplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal wall)</td><td>Abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) involves excision of excess abdominal skin/fat combined with reconstruction and tightening of the abdominal wall; PAL.ML.AA captures the reconstructive/reshaping component of the procedure. The match is inexact because abdominoplasty also involves skin and subcutaneous tissue excision (integumentary system), which PAL.ML.AA does not cover, making neither PAL.ML.AA nor LAB.JJ.AA alone a complete representation.</td></tr><tr><td>8420001 (Abrasion procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JG.AH (Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Abrasion (mechanical removal of superficial tissue) is conceptually closest to debridement without incision in ICHI, but abrasion is not synonymous with debridement and the SNOMED concept is entirely site-unspecified while ICHI's NEC skin code still implies a cutaneous target; no precise ICHI equivalent exists.</td></tr><tr><td>119723005 (Accessory sinus closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAE.MK.AA (Repair of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Accessory sinuses" is the anatomical collective term for the paranasal sinuses, and surgical closure (obliteration/sealing) of a sinus is closest to repair in ICHI terminology; however, JAE.MK.AA covers the residual "not elsewhere classified" paranasal sinus group and "repair" is not a precise synonym for "closure" (obliteration), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>119724004 (Accessory sinus reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAE.MK.AA (Repair of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has a specific reconstruction code for the maxillary sinus (JAF.ML.AA) but not for paranasal sinuses in general; JAE.MK.AA is the closest non-specific option, though repair and reconstruction carry subtly different meanings. The match is approximate given ICHI's lack of a generic paranasal sinus reconstruction code.</td></tr><tr><td>33879002 (Active immunization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)</td><td>ICHI represents vaccination only at route-specific levels (oral DTB.VD.AC, percutaneous DTB.VD.AE) with no unspecified vaccination code that captures the generic act of active immunization regardless of route; DTB.VD.AE (percutaneous, the most common route for immunization) is the closest approximation, but it is both narrower by route and does not cover the full scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>71788004 (Administration of anticoagulant)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTA.DB.AE (Injection of anticoagulant)</td><td>ICHI specifies the route as injection (percutaneous), whereas the SNOMED concept covers anticoagulant administration by any route (oral, IV, subcutaneous, etc.), making this an approximate match on the drug class but narrower on route specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>432977006 (Administration of drug or medicament via intraarterial route)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)</td><td>The intraarterial route involves advancing a catheter through a vessel lumen (transluminal, percutaneous access), which maps most closely to the percutaneous transluminal means in ICHI. No dedicated intra-arterial drug administration code exists in ICHI, and the whole-body target (PZA) reflects the absence of a route-specific anatomical target axis.</td></tr><tr><td>386353009 (Administration of drug or medicament via ophthalmic route)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)</td><td>Ophthalmic drug administration (eye drops, ointments applied to the conjunctival surface) is a form of topical application; however, this ICHI code is not eye-specific and covers any topical route, making it an approximate match rather than a precise one.</td></tr><tr><td>50697003 (Administration of general anesthetic)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)</td><td>ICHI separates anaesthesia by route (inhalational PZA.DC.AC vs intravenous PZA.DC.AF) and has no route-neutral general anaesthesia category; PZA.DC.AF represents the most common route for general anaesthesia but does not cover the full semantic scope of the route-unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>51251000112106 (Administration of low dose ketamine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of medication for pain)</td><td>Low-dose ketamine is predominantly used for analgesia via intravenous route, making AXA.DB.AF (IV medication for pain) the closest functional match; however, ketamine can also be given by other routes and has uses beyond pain (e.g. sedation/anaesthesia), and the ICHI code does not encode the specific drug or the "low dose" qualifier.</td></tr><tr><td>434701000124101 (Administration of lung surfactant)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JZZ.DB.AC (Oral administration of pharmaceutical for respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Lung surfactant is administered directly into the respiratory tract (intratracheally/bronchoscopically), not orally, but JZZ.DB.AC is the only ICHI code representing pharmaceutical administration targeted at the respiratory system; no tracheal or intrabronchial drug instillation code exists in ICHI, making this an approximate but imperfect match on both route and target.</td></tr><tr><td>868251000 (Administration of multimodal anesthesia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DC.AF (Intravenous anaesthesia)</td><td>ICHI offers only two anaesthesia delivery codes — inhalational (PZA.DC.AC) and intravenous (PZA.DC.AF) — and has no concept for multimodal anaesthesia (which combines multiple agents and routes); PZA.DC.AF is the closest single code given that IV agents are a central component of most multimodal regimens, but it does not capture the multimodal or combined-technique nature of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>431224009 (Administration of substance via transdermal route)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)</td><td>Transdermal administration (delivery of a drug through intact skin into systemic circulation, e.g., patches) is closely related to topical pharmacotherapy in ICHI, which covers external application to the skin. However, the concepts are not fully equivalent — topical application can be purely local (not systemic), whereas transdermal is specifically systemic via the skin route; ICHI does also have PZA.DB.AE (percutaneous pharmacotherapy) which could also partially apply, making this an inexact match rather than a clean wider/narrower relationship.</td></tr><tr><td>1285251009 (Administration via intraarterial route)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for intraarterial administration as a route; PZA.DB.AF (percutaneous transluminal) is the closest available means axis value covering vascular catheter-based delivery, but it encompasses a broader set of transluminal approaches and is scoped to pharmacotherapy rather than any substance, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>1285293005 (Administration via intravenous route)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AZ (Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified)</td><td>There is no generic "intravenous administration" code in ICHI that is substance-agnostic; specific IV administration codes exist only tied to particular substance categories (e.g., DTB.DB.AF for immunological agents, PZA.DA.AF for nutritional substances, AXA.DB.AF for pain medication). PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest generic pharmacotherapy administration code, but it does not capture the intravenous route specificity of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>232706008 (Airway clearance by finger sweep)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.JD.AC (Removal of internal device or foreign body from oropharynx without incision)</td><td>A finger sweep is a manual, non-incision technique to clear an oropharyngeal obstruction, which aligns with removal from the oropharynx without incision. The match is inexact because the ICHI title implies removal of a discrete foreign body or device rather than the manual sweeping manoeuvre used in airway emergency clearance.</td></tr><tr><td>35637008 (Alcohol rehabilitation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VAA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours)</td><td>Alcohol rehabilitation in clinical practice is primarily a psychotherapeutic/behavioural intervention targeting alcohol use, and VAA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours) is the closest single ICHI code; however, rehabilitation is broader than psychotherapy alone — it can encompass counselling (VAA.PP.ZZ), training (VAA.PH.ZZ), and medical management — making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>182678001 (Allergen immunotherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)</td><td>Allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) is most precisely represented by percutaneous administration of an immunological agent, which captures the dominant subcutaneous/intradermal delivery route and the immunological nature of the substance. However, ICHI does not encode the desensitisation purpose specifically, and alternative delivery routes (sublingual, oral) exist, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>72600003 (Alternative communication technique education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SFD.PM.ZZ (Education about producing nonverbal messages)</td><td>Alternative communication technique education refers to teaching AAC methods (sign language, picture boards, speech-generating devices), predominantly nonverbal strategies. SFD.PM.ZZ is the closest match but ICHI's scope is narrower than AAC, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>172390002 (Amniotic graft to conjunctiva)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for amniotic membrane grafting to the conjunctiva; BBA.MK.AA is the closest available category within the conjunctiva block, but it does not capture the graft material (amniotic membrane) or the reconstructive intent, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>400136002 (Amputation of upper limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MZZ.JN.AA (Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This SNOMED concept is a broad category spanning all upper limb amputation levels, while ICHI codes amputations by specific anatomical level with no single "upper limb" amputation code; MZZ.JN.AA serves as an approximate catch-all but is semantically imprecise.</td></tr><tr><td>5422005 (Amylase measurement, peritoneal fluid)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG9SZ5 (Lipase or amylase)</td><td>XG9SZ5 covers the amylase measurement action but is not specific to peritoneal fluid as the specimen source, and also encompasses lipase measurement. The SNOMED concept is more precise in both analyte specificity (amylase only) and specimen type (peritoneal fluid only).</td></tr><tr><td>175249005 (Anastomosis of vena cava to pulmonary artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIB.LI.AA (Creation of cavopulmonary shunt)</td><td>HIB.LI.AA describes connecting the vena cava to the pulmonary artery, which is precisely what the SNOMED concept denotes; however, the ICHI title frames it as a shunt creation rather than an anastomosis, and it does not distinguish between partial (Glenn) and total connection, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>77773000 (Angiectomy with graft replacement of abdominal vein)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of inferior vena cava)</td><td>ICHI has no general "abdominal vein" code; HIC.ML.AA is the best available match because the IVC is the principal large abdominal vein with dedicated ICHI codes, but the SNOMED term is anatomically broader (any abdominal vein) and the ICHI code does not capture the excision-then-graft-replacement specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>169161000 (Angiography of intracranial vascular structure using radioactive isotope)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.BA.BB (Angiography of intracranial arteries)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for radioactive isotope (nuclear) angiography of intracranial vessels; IAA.BA.BB is the closest available intracranial angiography code, but it does not capture the radioactive isotope modality and covers arteries only (not the broader "vascular structure" of the SNOMED term).</td></tr><tr><td>169162007 (Angiography of vascular structure of thyroid using radioactive isotope)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)</td><td>EBA.BA.BE is the only ICHI code that combines the thyroid gland target with a radioisotope modality (means BE = radioisotope/nuclear), and while it captures the thyroid + radioactive isotope dimension, it is oriented towards thyroid scan/functional studies rather than vascular angiography specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>169419003 (Antiinflammatory light therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI's phototherapy codes cover therapeutic light application to skin but do not encode the anti-inflammatory intent or modality specificity; LZZ.SC.AH is the best residual phototherapy category but represents an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>723558009 (Anxiolytic drug therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for pharmacotherapy specifically targeting anxiety or mental health; PZX.TI.ZZ captures the prescribing act for any pharmacotherapy but does not represent the full therapy/administration of an anxiolytic agent, making it an approximate match only.</td></tr><tr><td>399052009 (Aortic balloon pump operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIG.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta)</td><td>ICHI contains an entry titled "Intraaortic balloon pump" but it has no assigned code in the current beta release; HIG.DL.AF captures the anatomical site and procedural approach of IABP insertion but is a generic device-insertion code, not specific to counterpulsation balloon pumps.</td></tr><tr><td>76987002 (Aortoplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIL.MK.AA (Repair of aortic root)</td><td>Aortoplasty (surgical repair/reshaping of the aorta) has no direct ICHI equivalent; the ICHI hierarchy encodes repair by specific aortic segment (root, arch, ascending, thoracic, abdominal). HIL.MK.AA (Repair of aortic root) is only one possible anatomical target, and the SNOMED concept is not segment-specific, making this an approximate match at best.</td></tr><tr><td>450772009 (Application of cosmetic camouflage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Cosmetic camouflage involves the topical application of an opaque cosmetic product to the skin to conceal discolouration or disfigurement, fitting the action axis (DB = application of substance) and integumentary system target; however, LZZ.DB.AH is a broad NEC category covering any external substance application and does not capture the rehabilitative/cosmetic concealment purpose of camouflage therapy.</td></tr><tr><td>239644006 (Application of pelvic traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MKB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to pelvis)</td><td>Pelvic traction applies a sustained pulling/stretching force and is mechanistically distinct from a simple external immobilisation device (cast, brace, splint). MKB.LC.AH is the closest ICHI code covering external devices applied to the pelvis, but it does not specifically capture traction as a technique.</td></tr><tr><td>239655006 (Application of skeletal traction to lower limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PNA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated skeletal (pin/wire through bone) traction code for the lower limb; the only limb-level NEC immobilisation code is PNA.LC.AH, which covers external immobilisation devices broadly but does not distinguish the skeletal traction technique from casts or splints. MBZ.LC.AE (skeletal traction) applies only to the spine, making it unsuitable.</td></tr><tr><td>239649001 (Application of skeletal traction to upper limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PMA.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>As with lower limb skeletal traction, ICHI has no dedicated skeletal traction code for the upper limb; PMA.LC.AH is the closest available code covering any external immobilisation of the upper limb, but it does not capture the specific technique of pin-through-bone skeletal traction.</td></tr><tr><td>1230147000 (Application of skin protector)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A skin protector (barrier film, protective dressing, or wound protector) is related to but not fully synonymous with a skin dressing; LZZ.DK.AH is the most applicable ICHI code for a topical external application to skin, but it describes dressing rather than a protective film or barrier product specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>251929001 (Arteriovenous fistula operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)</td><td>IZA.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code for an arteriovenous fistula operation, as both involve an abnormal arteriovenous communication; however, ICHI uses "shunt" terminology rather than "fistula," and the SNOMED concept is non-specific about whether the operation is creation, repair, or ligation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>119816000 (Artery of extremity transposition)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "transposition of artery" code anywhere in the classification; transposition of an artery (relocating it to a new anastomotic site) is most closely captured by reconstruction of artery NEC, which encompasses complex arterial rerouting procedures, but this is an approximate rather than direct match.</td></tr><tr><td>10715004 (Arthroplasty of distal radius with prosthetic replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into wrist joint)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for distal radius arthroplasty; the distal radius forms the wrist joint and a prosthetic replacement involves implantation of a device at that joint, making MFJ.DN.AA the closest structural match. However, "implantation of device into wrist joint" is a broader and semantically different framing — it does not convey the reconstructive/arthroplasty nature of the procedure, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>59053005 (Arthroscopy of elbow with complete synovectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MEJ.JJ.AB (Arthroscopic partial excision of elbow joint)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; the closest available code covers arthroscopic partial excision of the elbow joint, which shares the arthroscopic approach and tissue-removal action but does not capture the completeness of the synovectomy or the specific target of the synovial membrane.</td></tr><tr><td>438625008 (Arthroscopy of knee with osteochondral allograft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MMC.KD.AB (Arthroscopic transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint)</td><td>ICHI codes cartilage restoration procedures under "transplantation of chondrocyte cells," which covers autologous chondrocyte implantation but does not precisely represent an osteochondral allograft (bone-plus-cartilage block from a donor); this is the closest available code but the graft type and target structure differ.</td></tr><tr><td>440354005 (Arthroscopy of wrist with release of transverse carpal ligament)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFJ.FC.AB (Arthroscopic release of wrist joint)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes arthroscopic release of a specific structure (the transverse carpal ligament / flexor retinaculum), while the ICHI code refers to release of the wrist joint capsule more generally; these are anatomically related but not the same target structure, making this an approximate rather than a direct match.</td></tr><tr><td>5186002 (Arthrotomy for synovectomy of glenohumeral joint)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDJ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of shoulder joint)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; synovectomy (excision of synovial membrane) is best represented as a partial excision of the shoulder joint via open approach, but ICHI's "partial excision" is not specific to the synovial membrane and could encompass other tissue, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>5391008 (Artificial voice rehabilitation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JUG.PH.ZZ (Training of alternative vocalisation functions)</td><td>"Artificial voice rehabilitation" targets the restoration of voice after laryngectomy using an artificial means (e.g., electrolarynx, tracheoesophageal speech), which maps most closely to ICHI's "Training of alternative vocalisation functions" — but ICHI focuses on the training/rehabilitation component and does not capture the surgical or device implantation aspects that may accompany the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>307180000 (Artificial voicebox procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.DN.AA (Implantation of device into larynx)</td><td>An artificial voicebox procedure involves implanting a prosthetic voice-generating device into or at the larynx site (commonly a tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis after laryngectomy); "Implantation of device into larynx" is the closest ICHI structural match, though the SNOMED concept may also encompass the broader surgical setup including tracheoesophageal puncture, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>281652006 (Aspiration of blister)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>There is no ICHI code for aspiration or drainage of a blister specifically; percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue is the closest mechanistic match, but it is body-site specific (trunk) and does not capture the concept of a fluid-filled blister (vesicle/bulla) that can occur anywhere on the body, making this an inexact approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>3499006 (Aspiration of vitreous with replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCD.AD.AA (Diagnostic aspiration of vitreous)</td><td>BCD.AD.AA captures aspiration of the vitreous body but is labeled "diagnostic" and does not encode the replacement/substitution component; no ICHI code in the vitreous block combines aspiration with instillation of a replacement agent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>225343006 (Assessment of needs)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>"Assessment of needs" in clinical and social care contexts denotes a structured evaluation to determine a person's support or care requirements, which does not map precisely to any ICHI category; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole-person level) is the closest available code but represents a health status assessment rather than a needs or care-planning assessment, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>370813004 (Assessment of philosophical, cultural, and spiritual beliefs and values)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality)</td><td>SXH.AA.ZZ captures the spiritual and religious dimension of the SNOMED concept but omits the philosophical and cultural beliefs/values components, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>718063001 (Assessment of vascular system care)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function and is the closest ICHI code to vascular system care assessment, but it is oriented toward physiological cardiovascular function rather than the care/management of the vascular system as a clinical care concept; the match is approximate as the ICHI code sits within the functions axis rather than a structural vascular or care-assessment axis.</td></tr><tr><td>725812000 (Assessment using ACS (Activity Card Sort))</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of engaging in recreation and leisure)</td><td>The Activity Card Sort is an occupational therapy tool assessing engagement across instrumental activities, leisure, and social participation domains, making it broader than any single ICHI activity code. SXC.AA.ZZ (recreation and leisure assessment) covers the predominant domain of the ACS but does not capture its instrumental ADL and social participation components, making this an approximate rather than a clean hierarchical match.</td></tr><tr><td>717065006 (Assessment using Aston Index)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions)</td><td>The Aston Index is a multi-domain battery for dyslexia/learning difficulties screening that spans visual and auditory perception, sequential memory, and motor skills; AUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions) captures the dominant perceptual domain but does not encompass the full multi-domain scope of the instrument, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>717324004 (Assessment using Attributional Style Questionnaire)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUF.AA.ZZ (Assessment of thought functions)</td><td>The Attributional Style Questionnaire measures cognitive explanatory style (how individuals attribute causes to events), which falls within thought functions and cognitive appraisal; however, AUF.AA.ZZ is broader and does not specifically encode the construct of attributional or explanatory style, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>718370008 (Assessment using Children's Health Locus of Control Scale)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions)</td><td>The Children's Health Locus of Control Scale measures perceived control over health outcomes — a psychological belief construct. ICHI has no code for health beliefs or locus of control specifically; ATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions) is the nearest available category within specific psychological assessment, but health locus of control is conceptually distinct from temperament and personality.</td></tr><tr><td>445821003 (Assessment using comprehensive occupational therapy evaluation scale)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AS1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of mental functions, unspecified)</td><td>The COTE scale is a multidimensional OT assessment covering behaviour, cognition, and task performance across multiple domains (mental functions and activities/participation), which does not map cleanly to any single ICHI category. The unspecified mental functions assessment code is the closest approximation but does not capture the full breadth of the COTE instrument.</td></tr><tr><td>445826008 (Assessment using falls behavioral scale for older people)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MVG.AC.ZZ (Test of gait pattern)</td><td>ICHI has no code for falls risk behavioural instruments or falls screening assessments; MVG.AC.ZZ is the closest available code because gait is the central physical domain measured by falls behavioural scales, but the match is inexact as the SNOMED concept specifically targets behavioural attitudes toward falls prevention rather than a gait test per se.</td></tr><tr><td>443731004 (Assessment using Falls Risk Assessment Scale for the Elderly)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MVG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of gait pattern)</td><td>ICHI contains no dedicated falls risk assessment category; MVG.AA.ZZ is the best approximate match because gait function is the principal physical determinant captured by falls risk scales, though the ICHI code does not encompass the multi-domain risk profiling nor the elderly-specific framing of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>1290009006 (Assessment using Gijon's social-familial evaluation scale)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATF.AC.ZZ (Test of global psychosocial functions)</td><td>Gijon's scale evaluates social risk across domains including housing, family support, economic situation, and social relationships — a composite social-environmental assessment — whereas ATF.AC.ZZ targets an individual's global psychosocial functioning; the ICHI code captures part of the intent (psychosocial assessment via a test) but does not reflect the environmental and social support dimensions of the Gijon instrument.</td></tr><tr><td>763183003 (Assessment using Leeds Foot Impact Scale)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)</td><td>The Leeds Foot Impact Scale measures the impact of foot problems (primarily in rheumatoid arthritis) on mobility, pain, and daily activities — a multidimensional outcome measure. MTB.AA.ZZ is an approximate match capturing the joint mobility assessment dimension, but the ICHI code does not reflect the scale's broader scope covering pain, footwear, and disability impact on daily life.</td></tr><tr><td>762993000 (Assessment using Morse Fall Scale)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>The Morse Fall Scale is a structured fall risk screening tool assessing mobility, mental status, and patient history; ICHI has no specific fall risk assessment code, and PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment, whole-person level) is the closest available category, though it does not capture the specific fall-risk safety screening intent.</td></tr><tr><td>718638000 (Assessment using Mothers' Object Relations Scale Short Form)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUD.AC.ZZ (Test of emotional functions)</td><td>The MORS-SF assesses a mother's psychological representations of her infant (object relations), which is fundamentally rooted in emotional and relational functioning; AUD.AC.ZZ is the nearest ICHI category but is substantially broader and does not capture the specific maternal-infant relationship or object relations construct.</td></tr><tr><td>773704001 (Assessment using Oxford Shoulder Score)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility)</td><td>The Oxford Shoulder Score is a patient-reported outcome measure for shoulder pain and function; while MLJ-level anatomy-specific codes exist for hip, no parallel "assessment of shoulder joint" category exists in ICHI, so MTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility) is the closest functional match. It is an inexact match because it covers joint mobility generically rather than being shoulder-specific or capturing the full pain-and-function scope of the Oxford Shoulder Score.</td></tr><tr><td>718414005 (Assessment using Reynell-Zinkin Scales: Developmental Scales for Young Visually Handicapped Children)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of seeing functions)</td><td>The Reynell-Zinkin Scales are a multi-domain developmental assessment (covering sensorimotor, language, cognitive, and social skills) designed for children with visual impairment; ICHI has no single code for a multi-domain paediatric developmental assessment in the context of visual handicap. BTB.AA.ZZ captures the visual impairment context but misses the broader developmental scope of the instrument, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>51552007 (Suture of laceration of epididymis and spermatic cord)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGD.MK.AA (Repair of spermatic cord)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers both the epididymis and the spermatic cord jointly, but ICHI has no dedicated epididymis repair code; NGD.MK.AA covers only the spermatic cord component, making it an incomplete and approximate match for the combined procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>446217007 (Assessment using Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to pain)</td><td>The VISA-A is a patient-reported outcome questionnaire for Achilles tendinopathy covering pain, stiffness, and function; no ICHI code exists for tendon function or sport-specific outcome measures, so AXA.AN.ZZ approximates the dominant pain/symptom-reporting component but misses functional and physical performance domains.</td></tr><tr><td>1354563002 (Assessment using WHODAS (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) 2.0 12-item short version)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)</td><td>WHODAS 2.0 is a standardised WHO instrument measuring disability and functioning across six life domains using a structured questionnaire, while PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised tests of the whole person at a similar level of abstraction. No ICHI code specifically represents disability or functioning schedule administration; PZB.AC.ZZ is the closest assignable code within the "whole person" block, but the target concept (disability/functioning vs. quality of life) differs.</td></tr><tr><td>1354564008 (Assessment using WHODAS (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) 2.0 36-item full version)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AC.ZZ (Test of quality of life)</td><td>WHODAS 2.0 (36-item) is a longer form of the same WHO disability and functioning instrument; the SNOMED distinction between 12-item and 36-item versions has no parallel in ICHI, which does not encode test instrument variants. PZB.AC.ZZ remains the closest available code for a whole-person standardised test, with the same inexact alignment on the disability-versus-quality-of-life dimension.</td></tr><tr><td>182623007 (Assisted exercise in pool)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)</td><td>PZA.ZZ.BS is the closest ICHI code for pool-based therapeutic exercise using full body immersion; however it frames the intervention as hydrotherapy rather than assisted exercise, and the means axis does not capture the supervised/assisted nature, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>304559009 (Assisting with functional activity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SM1.RB.ZZ (Practical support with self care, unspecified)</td><td>SNOMED's "functional activity" is a broad concept spanning motor, cognitive, and daily-living functions. SM1.RB.ZZ is the closest available code representing practical hands-on support with a patient's activities, but it is scoped to self-care specifically and does not cover the full breadth of functional activities (e.g., mobility, communication, work tasks) that the SNOMED concept encompasses.</td></tr><tr><td>6832004 (Atherectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Atherectomy (mechanical plaque removal via catheter) and endarterectomy (surgical stripping of the arterial intima) are both procedures that remove atherosclerotic material from arteries, but they differ in technique — atherectomy is typically endovascular/percutaneous and ICHI does not have a dedicated atherectomy code; IZA.JE.AA is the closest functional analog for a generic, site-unspecified arterial debulking procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>426991006 (Attachment of auricular prosthesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAC.ML.AA (Reconstruction of auricle of ear)</td><td>ICHI has no code for fitting or attaching an external auricular (ear) prosthesis; CAC.ML.AA for reconstruction of the auricle is the closest available code within the auricle block, but it denotes surgical tissue reconstruction rather than prosthesis attachment, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>700445002 (Attachment-based therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SR1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified)</td><td>Attachment-based therapy is a specific psychotherapeutic modality targeting early attachment patterns and interpersonal relating; SR1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for interpersonal interactions and relationships, which aligns conceptually but is an imprecise match because ICHI does not encode therapy modalities at that level of specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>1153456006 (Auscultation of abdomen)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions)</td><td>Auscultation of the abdomen is performed clinically to assess bowel sounds and other digestive functions, which maps most closely to KTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions); however, this ICHI code is broader — it covers all methods of digestive function assessment, not only auscultation, and the target in ICHI is a functional domain rather than the anatomical abdomen.</td></tr><tr><td>449264008 (Auscultation of lower respiratory tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function)</td><td>Auscultation of the lower respiratory tract (lungs/bronchi) is a clinical technique used to assess breathing sounds and respiratory function, which aligns most closely with JTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function); the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all assessment modalities for respiration function and is not restricted to auscultation as the means used.</td></tr><tr><td>14038001 (Autologous graft of rib cartilage to face)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept targets soft tissue/cartilage augmentation of the face using autologous rib cartilage, whereas MAB.ML.AA refers to reconstruction of facial bone (hard tissue), making this an approximate rather than semantically equivalent match; no dedicated ICHI code exists for soft-tissue facial cartilage grafting.</td></tr><tr><td>32344003 (Avulsion of peripheral nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.JK.AA (Excision of peripheral nerve)</td><td>Avulsion of a peripheral nerve is functionally a complete removal of a peripheral nerve, closely corresponding to ACA.JK.AA. The match is inexact rather than equivalent because avulsion implies a tearing/forcible detachment technique that is not captured in the ICHI means axis for this code.</td></tr><tr><td>178294003 (Axillary lymph nodes sampling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFC.JJ.AA (Partial excision of axillary lymph node)</td><td>Lymph node sampling (removal of a limited number of nodes for pathological examination) is most closely represented by partial excision of the axillary lymph node in ICHI; it is not a true biopsy nor a full dissection, but the action of partial excision approximates the sampling intent.</td></tr><tr><td>723337004 (Ayres Sensory Integration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AV2.PH.ZZ (Training of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Ayres Sensory Integration is a specific occupational therapy approach that uses structured sensory experiences to improve neurological processing; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for this named intervention, but AV2.PH.ZZ is the closest available category, capturing the training/therapeutic nature targeting sensory functions, though it is a residual NEC code.</td></tr><tr><td>229107001 (Back class)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.PM.ZZ (Education about pain)</td><td>A "back class" is a structured group educational intervention aimed primarily at self-management of back pain; AXA.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, though it does not capture the group-class format, the back-specific anatomy, or any physical exercise component that such classes often include.</td></tr><tr><td>30856002 (Back disease and deformity rehabilitation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MU2.PH.ZZ (Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Back rehabilitation typically centres on restoring muscle strength, endurance, and mobility of the spinal region; MU2.PH.ZZ is the best single ICHI code, but it does not fully capture the multi-modal, spine-specific, and deformity-oriented scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>268541009 (Back problems education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.PM.ZZ (Education about pain)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code for education about back problems or musculoskeletal conditions specifically; "Education about pain" is the closest available code since back problems education is predominantly pain-oriented patient education, but the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the back/spinal specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>1255115002 (Behavioral counseling about risk factor for periodontitis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEE.PN.ZZ (Advising about oral hygiene behaviours)</td><td>Periodontitis is primarily driven by oral hygiene behaviour, and ICHI's closest match is advising about oral hygiene behaviours (VEE.PN.ZZ). However, ICHI does not encode the specific risk-factor framing or the periodontitis diagnosis context, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>166001 (Behavioral therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEL.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)</td><td>ICHI uses "psychotherapy" (action PQ) as the closest action code for behavioural therapeutic interventions, but this code restricts the target to psychological health and wellbeing behaviours, whereas SNOMED's "behavioral therapy" is broader and encompasses behaviour modification across any domain.</td></tr><tr><td>418121005 (Bimanual phacoemulsification of lens with intraocular lens implantation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBF.JK.AE (Phacoemulsification of lens)</td><td>ICHI captures the phacoemulsification component of this compound procedure but has no single code combining phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (which would separately map to BBF.ML.AA); the "bimanual" technique and the IOL implantation step are both unrepresented, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>12569007 (Biofeedback, regulation of blood pressure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ITA.PH.ZZ (Training in relation to blood pressure functions)</td><td>ITA.PH.ZZ is specifically scoped to blood pressure functions training, which aligns well with blood pressure regulation biofeedback; however, ICHI does not distinguish biofeedback as a technique within this training code, so while it is the closest available code, the means axis is unspecified rather than explicitly capturing the biofeedback modality.</td></tr><tr><td>702707005 (Biopsy of head)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAA.AD.AA (Biopsy of skull)</td><td>ICHI has no single "biopsy of head" code covering all head structures; "biopsy of head" in SNOMED is anatomically broad, potentially encompassing skin, soft tissue, skull, and joints of the head. The skull biopsy code is chosen as the best available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>362994003 (Biopsy of immune system structure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFZ.AD.AA (Biopsy of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept spans all immune system structures (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils), while ICHI classifies biopsies of each under separate specific codes. DFZ.AD.AA is the broadest single residual code available, but does not encompass spleen, thymus, or bone marrow.</td></tr><tr><td>702556008 (Biopsy of lymph node using ultrasound guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFA.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>DFA.AD.AE specifies percutaneous approach but does not explicitly encode ultrasound guidance; ultrasound-guided biopsy is typically percutaneous, so this is the closest available code, but the imaging guidance modality is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>307099006 (Biopsy of spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.AD.AA (Biopsy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI lacks a single generic "biopsy of spine" code; instead it offers site-specific codes (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) plus MBZ.AD.AA for vertebra NEC. "Spine" in SNOMED encompasses vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and surrounding structures, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>442307002 (Blind sac closure of external auditory canal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external auditory canal)</td><td>Blind sac closure of the external auditory canal is a specific surgical technique where the ear canal is closed off into a dead-end pouch (e.g., after radical mastoidectomy or for chronic ear disease), which involves reconstruction/obliteration of the canal. ICHI does not have a specific code for this procedure; CAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external auditory canal) is the closest available code but does not capture the obliterative/closure nature of the blind sac technique.</td></tr><tr><td>22615000 (Body alignment education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SHD.PH.ZZ (Training in maintaining body position)</td><td>"Body alignment education" — teaching a patient to position and hold their body correctly — maps approximately to ICHI's training in maintaining body position (within the Activities & Participation mobility domain), but ICHI uses "training" rather than "education" as its action, and "maintaining body position" is semantically related but not identical to the broader concept of body alignment.</td></tr><tr><td>19590000 (Bone block of ankle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNB.ML.AA (Bone graft to tibia or fibula)</td><td>A bone block procedure at the ankle uses an autograft or allograft bone wedge to limit ankle motion or restore stability, which maps to the bone graft (ML) action on the tibia/fibula target — the closest anatomical match in ICHI. The code does not capture the stabilisation-through-blocking intent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>288151005 (Bone fixation traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)</td><td>Bone fixation traction is a technique using skeletal traction pins or wires to apply traction force for fracture management, which is a form of external immobilisation; however, ICHI's LC action covers immobilisation devices broadly and does not specifically represent the traction mechanism, making this an approximate match at the unspecified bone site.</td></tr><tr><td>288058001 (Bone reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.ML.AA (Bone graft of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "bone reconstruction" code; the closest assignable code is bone graft of unspecified site (MRB.ML.AA, action ML = reconstruction/graft, target = bone unspecified site), which captures the reconstructive intent but is limited to graft-based reconstruction and does not cover all reconstructive approaches (e.g., implants, osteoplasty).</td></tr><tr><td>385975007 (Bowel care management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTK.ZZ.ZZ (Other interventions on defaecation function, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No single ICHI code corresponds precisely to bowel care management as a nursing/care coordination activity; KTK.ZZ.ZZ is the residual category and provides the closest available approximation, but it does not capture the management dimension.</td></tr><tr><td>386223004 (Bowel incontinence care)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTK.RB.ZZ (Practical support with defaecation function)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for bowel/faecal incontinence care; KTK.RB.ZZ comes closest by representing a supportive, hands-on intervention targeting the defaecation function domain, though it does not explicitly name incontinence.</td></tr><tr><td>120074001 (Brain closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAC.ML.AA (Repair of cerebral meninges with cranioplasty)</td><td>"Brain closure" refers to the closing phase of a craniotomy (dural repair + bone flap replacement), which AAC.ML.AA approximates through cranioplasty with meningeal repair; however, the ICHI code specifies a reconstructive context rather than a routine operative closure step.</td></tr><tr><td>120075000 (Brain reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAC.ML.AA (Repair of cerebral meninges with cranioplasty)</td><td>No dedicated brain tissue reconstruction code exists in ICHI; AAC.ML.AA is the closest structural reconstruction procedure of the brain region but targets the meninges and skull rather than the brain parenchyma itself.</td></tr><tr><td>287435006 (Bronchoscopic electrocoagulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBB.LA.AD (Endoscopic haemostasis of bronchus)</td><td>Bronchoscopic electrocoagulation is most commonly performed for haemostasis in the bronchus, making JBB.LA.AD the closest available ICHI code. However, electrocoagulation may also serve tissue destruction purposes beyond haemostasis, and neither the specific means (electrocoagulation) nor the full scope of the SNOMED concept is precisely captured.</td></tr><tr><td>67179008 (Bronchoscopy for relief of stenosis with laser surgery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBB.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies both the therapeutic intent (relief of stenosis) and the means (laser surgery), while ICHI captures endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus but has no dedicated code encoding laser as the means; the functional goal aligns but the laser-specific technique is lost.</td></tr><tr><td>359889000 (Bunionectomy with soft tissue correction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of bone of foot or toe)</td><td>A bunionectomy involves removal of the bony prominence at the first metatarsal head, which corresponds to partial ostectomy of bone of foot or toe, but the SNOMED concept also includes soft tissue correction (capsulotomy, tendon balancing), which is not captured in this ICHI code. The bone-removal component is well represented but the soft tissue component is absent, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>8096008 (Capsulotomy of midfoot with tendon lengthening)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOJ.FB.AA (Division of joint capsule or cartilage of foot or toe)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining capsulotomy of the midfoot joint and tendon lengthening; ICHI has no single code encoding both components together. MOJ.FB.AA captures the capsulotomy component at the foot level, but omits the tendon lengthening element, so neither code alone is equivalent — MOJ.FB.AA is the primary surgical target and best single approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>1255162009 (Carbohydrate counting diet)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEA.TI.ZZ (Prescription for eating behaviours)</td><td>Carbohydrate counting is a structured dietary self-management technique typically prescribed as part of diabetes management; VEA.TI.ZZ (prescription for eating behaviours) is the closest ICHI code, as it represents the clinical act of prescribing a specific eating pattern. However, the ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (carbohydrate counting) or its clinical context (diabetes), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>431514000 (Cardiac septostomy using ultrasound guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into interatrial communication)</td><td>Balloon septostomy (the standard technique for cardiac septostomy) is performed percutaneously with device insertion to enlarge the interatrial communication, matching the action and target of HAD.LH.AF, but ICHI does not capture the ultrasound guidance modality as part of this code. The SNOMED concept is therefore only approximately matched.</td></tr><tr><td>38546007 (Cardiocentesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFF.JB.AE (Pericardiocentesis)</td><td>Cardiocentesis (needle puncture of the heart) is clinically performed almost exclusively as pericardiocentesis (aspiration of pericardial fluid), and HFF.JB.AE is the standard ICHI code for this procedure; however, the SNOMED term is technically broader and could include intracardiac puncture for other purposes, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>133891005 (Care planning session)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning)</td><td>A care planning session is a structured encounter to develop or review an individual care plan, which aligns most closely with PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) in the "Interventions on whole person" block; the match is inexact because "individualised planning" in ICHI denotes the planning activity itself rather than the specific format of a dedicated planning session or meeting.</td></tr><tr><td>386230005 (Case management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)</td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) under the "Interventions on whole person" block is the closest ICHI equivalent to case management — both describe coordinating a person's care across services — but ICHI's term emphasises coordination rather than the full scope of case management (assessment, planning, monitoring, advocacy), making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>405831000119106 (Catheterization of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIG.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta)</td><td>ICHI has no single generic "catheterization of aorta" code spanning all aortic segments; the closest procedural equivalent is percutaneous transluminal device insertion into a specific aortic segment. HIG.DL.AF (descending thoracic aorta) is the best representative match, but catheterization of the aorta is a broader concept that may involve any segment (ascending, arch, abdominal), making this an inexact approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>307275001 (Caustic applied locally)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)</td><td>PZA.DB.AH is the closest ICHI concept for a locally applied chemical agent, as ICHI has no specific code for caustic/escharotic substances applied topically. The ICHI code frames this as pharmacotherapy administration rather than a destructive/caustic intervention, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>61844004 (Cauterization of external ear)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAC.GA.AA (Destruction of auricle of ear)</td><td>ICHI has no destruction code for the external ear as a whole; the closest available code targets only the auricle, which is a subpart of the external ear (the external auditory canal is excluded). Cauterization is a form of destruction, so the action axis aligns, but the target is more restricted than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>25935009 (Cauterization of palate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAS.GA.AC (Destruction of soft palate)</td><td>SNOMED "palate" is anatomically unspecified (could be soft or hard palate), whereas ICHI requires a choice between soft palate (KAS.GA.AC) and hard palate (KAT.GA.AA); soft palate is the most common site for cauterization procedures clinically. Cauterization as a specific form of destruction is also not captured in the means axis.</td></tr><tr><td>15593007 (Cauterization of pharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx)</td><td>SNOMED "pharynx" is generic and encompasses nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, while ICHI lacks a generic pharynx destruction code and requires commitment to a specific subdivision; oropharynx is the most common clinical site for pharyngeal cauterization. Cauterization as a specific modality of destruction is also not captured in the means axis.</td></tr><tr><td>30583008 (Cauterization of urethra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra)</td><td>NAM.GA.AA captures destruction of urethral tissue by open approach, which aligns well with cauterisation of the urethra, but the SNOMED concept implies destruction of the urethra itself (e.g. urethral stricture treatment) whereas the ICHI title specifies a lesion or tissue rather than the urethra as a whole, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>1966005 (Central block anesthesia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)</td><td>Central (neuraxial) block anaesthesia encompasses both spinal and epidural techniques, and ABG.DC.AE captures injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (the defining action). However, the ICHI code does not fully distinguish subarachnoid (spinal) from epidural injections, and "central block" could also cover caudal approaches.</td></tr><tr><td>233527006 (Central venous cannula insertion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBD.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck)</td><td>Central venous cannulation is most commonly performed via internal jugular or subclavian veins (head/neck block), making IBD.DL.AF the closest single ICHI code. However, the SNOMED concept is site-agnostic (also covers subclavian, femoral, and PICC routes), so no single ICHI code captures all CVC insertion sites.</td></tr><tr><td>229316007 (Cervical traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBA.PB.AH (Mobilisation of cervical spine)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated traction code; cervical traction (sustained longitudinal distraction) is a distinct technique from mobilisation (low-velocity oscillatory movement), but both are conservative non-surgical interventions on the cervical spine, making mobilisation the closest available code.</td></tr><tr><td>85208002 (Change in bone length of scapula)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of shoulder region)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for scapular bone length change (lengthening/shortening); osteotomy of the shoulder region is the closest procedural match (the surgical technique used to alter bone length) but does not precisely convey the lengthening intent or scapula specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>723357000 (Chapman reflex treatment method)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.PC.ZZ (Massage of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>Chapman reflex technique involves sustained rotary pressure (deep massage/acupressure) applied to specific neurolymphatic reflex points; massage of soft tissue is the closest ICHI category but does not capture the osteopathic neurolymphatic specificity or reflex-point targeting.</td></tr><tr><td>231376008 (Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of cervical vertebra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBA.GA.AE (Destruction of lesion of cervical spine)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for chemical denervation (e.g. botulinum toxin or phenol injection targeting the medial branch nerve) of the cervical facet joint; MBA.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of a cervical spine lesion, which approximates the intent but does not specifically encode denervation of the facet joint or the chemical means.</td></tr><tr><td>231378009 (Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of lumbar vertebra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBM.GA.AE (Destruction of lesion of lumbar spine)</td><td>As with the cervical equivalent, ICHI lacks a dedicated code for chemical denervation of the lumbar facet joint; MBM.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of a lesion of the lumbar spine) is the closest structural match but does not capture the nerve-targeting or chemical nature of the intervention.</td></tr><tr><td>231377004 (Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of thoracic vertebra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBG.GA.AE (Destruction of lesion of thoracic spine)</td><td>Parallel to the cervical and lumbar variants, ICHI has no thoracic facet joint denervation-specific code; MBG.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of a lesion of the thoracic spine) is the best available approximation, though it is broader in target and does not specify the chemical/neurological mechanism.</td></tr><tr><td>6370006 (Chemosurgery of stomach lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)</td><td>KBF.GA.AD captures destruction of a stomach lesion and aligns with the target and action, but it specifies an endoscopic approach whereas chemosurgery of the stomach is not inherently endoscopic. The non-endoscopic equivalent (KBF.GA.AA) does not exist in ICHI, and neither code specifies chemical means, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>8087008 (Chiropractic application of heat)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.SD.BQ (Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>PZX.SD.BQ is the closest assignable ICHI code for superficial therapeutic heat application to the body, but it frames the intervention as whole-body peripheral warming rather than a targeted chiropractic heat modality applied to a specific musculoskeletal site, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>913000 (Chiropractic patient education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MV2.PN.ZZ (Advising about movement function, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Chiropractic patient education centres on movement, posture, and musculoskeletal self-management, which aligns best with MV2.PN.ZZ (advising about movement function). The match is inexact because the ICHI code scopes only movement functions whereas chiropractic education often covers broader topics such as pain management and lifestyle, and "advising" is narrower than formal structured education.</td></tr><tr><td>225684002 (Cleaning eye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BZZ.JA.AH (Irrigation of eye)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for "cleaning" the eye as a nursing or hygiene intervention; BZZ.JA.AH (irrigation of eye, without incision) is the closest procedural equivalent. "Cleaning eye" may encompass broader activities beyond irrigation alone (e.g., wiping, swabbing).</td></tr><tr><td>274024009 (Clipping arterial aneurysm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)</td><td>Clipping of an arterial aneurysm is most commonly performed on intracranial arteries; IAA.LA.AA captures occlusion of the intracranial artery via open approach, which is the mechanism achieved by surgical clipping. ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysm-clipping code, and the SNOMED concept is not restricted to intracranial vessels.</td></tr><tr><td>233042002 (Closed atrial fenestration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.ML.AF (Percutaneous transluminal closure of interatrial communication with device)</td><td>"Closed atrial fenestration" refers to surgical creation of a controlled opening in the atrial septum (typically as part of Fontan palliation) — the opposite direction from closure procedures. ICHI has no specific code for controlled fenestration creation; HAD.ML.AF is assigned as the closest structural match in the interatrial septum domain.</td></tr><tr><td>239288009 (Closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with Richard's cannulated hip screw)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur)</td><td>This SNOMED concept combines closed reduction with percutaneous internal fixation using a specific device; MLB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous implantation of a device into the femur but does not encode the concurrent closed reduction, the proximal (trochanteric) fracture site, or the specific screw type.</td></tr><tr><td>281822001 (Closed reduction of dislocated arthroplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for reduction of a dislocated joint replacement/prosthesis; the closest is the unspecified-site closed reduction of a joint. The SNOMED concept carries the additional specificity that the dislocation is of an arthroplasty.</td></tr><tr><td>448762003 (Closed reduction of traumatic injury of epiphyseal plate and skeletal traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI captures only the closed reduction component at an unspecified bone site; skeletal traction as a co-performed procedure has no corresponding combinable ICHI code, and the epiphyseal plate specificity is absent.</td></tr><tr><td>448763008 (Closed reduction of traumatic injury of epiphyseal plate with internal fixation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI represents only the closed reduction at an unspecified bone site; internal fixation is not captured in any combinable ICHI code alongside closed reduction, and epiphyseal plate specificity is not reflected.</td></tr><tr><td>442087005 (Closure of ventricular septal defect using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBD.ML.AF (Percutaneous transluminal repair of ventricular septal defect with patch or device)</td><td>HBD.ML.AF describes percutaneous transluminal repair of VSD with a patch or device, typically performed under fluoroscopic guidance; however, the ICHI code emphasises the percutaneous approach rather than the fluoroscopic guidance modality.</td></tr><tr><td>1268694003 (Coaching for self employment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SUG.PN.ZZ (Advising about engaging in remunerative employment)</td><td>"Coaching" most closely aligns with advising/counselling within the remunerative employment domain, but ICHI's PN action (advising) does not precisely capture "coaching," and "self employment" is a subset of remunerative employment.</td></tr><tr><td>704072009 (Cognitive behavior therapy care management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUH.PP.ZZ (Counselling for higher-level cognitive functions)</td><td>CBT care management involves structured psychotherapeutic work targeting cognitive and behavioural patterns; AUH.PP.ZZ captures the cognitive dimension but does not encode the behavioural component or the care-management framing, and no psychotherapy-of-higher-cognitive-functions code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>231261002 (Combined spinal/epidural local anesthetic block)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal)</td><td>ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (capturing the intrathecal/spinal component), but ICHI has no separate code for the epidural space injection or for the combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique as a distinct procedure; the combined technique involves both spinal and epidural components simultaneously, making this an approximate but incomplete match.</td></tr><tr><td>310584006 (Completion of plaster from backslab)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.LC.AH (Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Completion of plaster from backslab" refers to the clinical act of converting a backslab (partial cast) into a full circumferential cast; PZX.LC.AH covers application of cast or splint and is the closest available ICHI code. The match is approximate because ICHI does not distinguish between initial application and completion/conversion of a cast, and there is no specific code for backslab-to-full-cast conversion.</td></tr><tr><td>399230009 (Constant observation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)</td><td>"Observation of whole person" is the best available ICHI code for the clinical practice of continuous patient observation/watch, targeting the whole person rather than a specific body system; the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the continuous/constant nature of the observation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>235385003 (Construction of anal neosphincter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBX.ML.AA (Anal or perineal graciloplasty)</td><td>KBX.ML.AA describes the most commonly used surgical technique for constructing an anal neosphincter (graciloplasty, i.e. transposing the gracilis muscle to create a new sphincter), so it is the closest ICHI code; however, it implies a specific muscle-transposition technique whereas the SNOMED concept also covers other neosphincter methods such as implantation of an artificial sphincter device (KBX.DN.AA), making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>2002009 (Construction of subcutaneous tunnel without esophageal anastomosis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for subcutaneous tunnel creation as a standalone preparatory oesophageal procedure; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) is the closest available code as it covers oesophageal reconstructive procedures, but it does not capture the specific technique of tunnelling without anastomosis.</td></tr><tr><td>183316005 (Continuous passive mobilization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MV2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for movement functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for continuous passive mobilization (CPM) as a device-driven technique. MV2.PG.ZZ is the closest functional equivalent within the movement block — it captures the rehabilitation intent of maintaining joint range of motion, though it does not convey the passive, machine-assisted, continuous nature of CPM.</td></tr><tr><td>20185002 (Contrast water bath hydrotherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)</td><td>"Contrast water bath hydrotherapy" involves alternating hot and cold water immersions, which is a form of therapeutic hydrotherapy with full body or limb immersion; PZA.ZZ.BS is the closest available code, but it does not specify the contrast (alternating temperature) technique, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>231078002 (Convulsive therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.SC.BP (Stimulation of the brain using electric fields)</td><td>AAA.SC.BP covers electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as the primary real-world referent of "stimulation of the brain using electric fields," and ECT is the dominant form of convulsive therapy; however, the SNOMED term "convulsive therapy" is slightly broader (it can include non-electrical induction methods such as chemical convulsive therapy).</td></tr><tr><td>1156697002 (Coordination of medication regime)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAC.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to medications)</td><td>"Collaboration relating to medications" is the closest ICHI match to coordinating a medication regime; the ICHI code emphasises inter-party collaboration around medications rather than the act of coordinating and reconciling a specific drug regimen, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>1303097003 (Coordination of resources to address homelessness)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEE.VO.ZZ (Marshalling health services or health-related services in relation to housing services, systems and policies)</td><td>"Marshalling health services in relation to housing services" is the closest ICHI code — marshalling conveys resource coordination toward housing — but it targets the housing services system broadly and does not specifically address homelessness, making it an approximate match rather than an equivalent one.</td></tr><tr><td>1332356006 (Coordination of resources to address housing insecurity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEE.VO.ZZ (Marshalling health services or health-related services in relation to housing services, systems and policies)</td><td>As with homelessness, "Marshalling health services in relation to housing services" is the best available ICHI code for resource coordination targeting housing insecurity; the ICHI code is framed around the housing services system broadly (not the insecurity/precarity dimension specifically).</td></tr><tr><td>180166005 (Correction of complex craniofacial deformity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAA.ML.AA (Cranial osteoplasty)</td><td>Cranial osteoplasty captures the reconstructive cranial bone remodelling central to craniofacial deformity correction, but the SNOMED concept specifically describes a complex combined procedure involving both cranial and facial structures; ICHI has no single code spanning both.</td></tr><tr><td>239608001 (Correction of complicated syndactyly)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.FC.AA (Release of scar or web contracture of skin, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Syndactyly correction primarily involves releasing the cutaneous web between fused digits, which aligns with "release of web contracture of skin"; however, complicated syndactyly often also involves bony fusion and the ICHI code is classified under integumentary NEC rather than specific to the hand or digit.</td></tr><tr><td>428515000 (Correction of congenital deformity of heart)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HZM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>HZM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations not elsewhere classified, which aligns with correcting a congenital cardiac deformity; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (any congenital heart deformity), while this ICHI code specifically implies complex malformations.</td></tr><tr><td>23928003 (Costochondrectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCB.JJ.AA (Partial ostectomy of rib or sternum)</td><td>Costochondrectomy is excision of costal cartilage at the osteocartilaginous junction of the rib; ICHI classifies this region under bone of the thoracic cage with no separate costal cartilage excision code. Partial ostectomy of rib or sternum is the closest structural match, though it refers to bone rather than cartilage specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>446683008 (Craniotomy and decompression of brain)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.FC.AA (Intracranial release)</td><td>The defining clinical intent is intracranial decompression, aligning most closely with AAA.FC.AA (Intracranial release); the craniotomy access component is not separately captured.</td></tr><tr><td>446848007 (Craniotomy and evacuation of blood clot)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.JB.AA (Drainage of brain)</td><td>Evacuation of an intracranial blood clot via craniotomy is best represented by Drainage of brain, which covers drainage/evacuation of fluid or blood; the craniotomy access is not encoded separately and the ICHI code does not specify blood clot.</td></tr><tr><td>447107001 (Craniotomy and excision of neoplasm of brain)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of brain)</td><td>The primary purpose is excision of a brain neoplasm, mapping to local excision of a lesion of brain. This is the best available ICHI code for focal brain tumour removal, though it does not encode the craniotomy access or specify neoplasm.</td></tr><tr><td>1290221003 (Creation of conjunctival flap)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "conjunctival flap" code; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the best available match because a conjunctival flap is a tissue-mobilisation technique used for conjunctival repair, but the ICHI code is more generic and does not capture the flap-creation nature.</td></tr><tr><td>699796007 (Creation of cystoperitoneal shunt)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)</td><td>A cystoperitoneal shunt drains an intracranial cyst (most commonly an arachnoid cyst) into the peritoneal cavity; ICHI has no dedicated code. AAE.LI.AA sits in the correct brain-ventricle/CSF-space section and uses the same LI shunt-creation action axis, but targets the cerebral ventricles rather than a cyst and does not specify the peritoneal destination.</td></tr><tr><td>31890001 (Crown lengthening, hard and soft tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAG.JJ.AC (Partial excision of gingiva)</td><td>Crown lengthening combines gingivectomy with osseous recontouring of alveolar bone; KAG.JJ.AC captures the gingival excision component but ICHI has no code encompassing the combined hard-and-soft-tissue procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>33831009 (Cryotherapy of corneal lesion to reshape cornea)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)</td><td>The ICHI code captures destruction of a corneal lesion, but the SNOMED concept has a specific refractive/reshaping intent that is not reflected in the ICHI code; the distinct therapeutic goal makes this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>764581000 (CT nephrostography)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAB.BA.BB (Pyelogram)</td><td>Both procedures are contrast imaging studies of the renal collecting system, but ICHI's pyelogram does not specify CT modality and does not capture the nephrostomy-tube route of contrast delivery.</td></tr><tr><td>59696004 (Curettage of cerebral meninges)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges)</td><td>ICHI has no debridement code for cerebral meninges; curettage of the cerebral meninges most commonly implies removal of a discrete lesion, but curettage implies a scraping technique while JI denotes local excision.</td></tr><tr><td>90155002 (Curettage of corneal epithelium with chemocauterization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)</td><td>This SNOMED concept combines epithelial curettage (mechanical removal) and chemocauterization (chemical destruction); BBB.GA.AH captures the destructive intent but does not distinguish the combination technique or the specific corneal epithelium target.</td></tr><tr><td>61829000 (Curettage of muscle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site)</td><td>Curettage of muscle is functionally equivalent to local removal of muscle tissue; however, curettage is a specific scraping technique rather than a straightforward excision, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>78117000 (Curettage of peripheral nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.JG.AA (Debridement of peripheral nerve)</td><td>Debridement of peripheral nerve is the closest ICHI action for curettage of a nerve — both involve mechanical removal of tissue — but debridement is broader than curettage alone.</td></tr><tr><td>43562001 (Curettage of tendon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)</td><td>The ICHI code refers specifically to the tendon sheath rather than the tendon proper, and local excision is a broader action concept than curettage.</td></tr><tr><td>112702003 (Curettage of tendon sheath)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)</td><td>Curettage of a tendon sheath is a debulking/scraping procedure targeting sheath pathology; "local excision of lesion" is the closest available ICHI code at an unspecified body site.</td></tr><tr><td>89609005 (Curettage of tendon sheath of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger)</td><td>The body-site axis aligns well, but "local excision" does not fully capture the curettage technique; this is the most specific available ICHI code despite the action-axis mismatch.</td></tr><tr><td>229817009 (Curettage of verrucae pedis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Curettage of plantar warts is a destructive skin procedure aligning with the destruction action axis; however the foot/lower-limb specificity is lost and the specific target (verrucae) is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>52426000 (Cystostomy with insertion of ureteral catheter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAE.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)</td><td>The ureteral target and device-insertion action align, but the approach (open cystostomy vs. endoscopic) and the absence of a dilatation component in the SNOMED concept make this approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>14826006 (Cystourethroscopy with insertion of radioactive substance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.DL.AD (Insertion of device into urinary bladder)</td><td>ICHI has no code for endoscopic insertion of a radioactive substance into the bladder; this captures the insertion action and bladder target but does not reflect the radioactive nature.</td></tr><tr><td>84042007 (Cystourethroscopy with resection of external sphincter of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.FA.AD (Closed urethrotomy)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for transurethral resection of the external urethral sphincter; "Closed urethrotomy" is the closest available concept.</td></tr><tr><td>387598008 (Cystourethroscopy with ureteral catheterization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAE.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)</td><td>ICHI has no standalone code for transurethral ureteral catheterization; the closest covers endoscopic ureteric device insertion, though the dilatation component is not part of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>43691007 (Cytopathology, review of slides and report, genital source, by physician)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)</td><td>NMF.AH.XH is anatomically specific to cervix and does not capture standalone slide review by a physician.</td></tr><tr><td>104162002 (Cytopathology, screening of smear, Bethesda System, genital source, by cytotechnologist)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)</td><td>Closest genital cytology code; ICHI does not encode the Bethesda reporting system or cytotechnologist role.</td></tr><tr><td>57242004 (Cytopathology, screening of smear, routine, genital source, by cytotechnologist)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMF.AH.XH (Cervical papanicolaou smear)</td><td>Closest available code for routine genital smear screening; ICHI does not differentiate routine status or performer role.</td></tr><tr><td>443373005 (Debridement by high pressure irrigation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JA.AH (Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Captures the irrigation action on skin/subcutaneous tissue but does not encode the high-pressure modality or debridement intent fully.</td></tr><tr><td>31746001 (Debridement of cerebral meninges)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges)</td><td>The cerebral meninges block has no debridement code; local excision of a lesion is the nearest action.</td></tr><tr><td>172410004 (Debridement of corneal lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)</td><td>No corneal debridement (JG) code exists; destruction of corneal lesion is the closest functional correlate.</td></tr><tr><td>726049001 (Debridement of mediastinum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCH.JG.AB (Thoracoscopic debridement of thoracic cavity)</td><td>No mediastinum debridement code exists; the closest thoracic-cavity code differs in target and specifies a thoracoscopic approach.</td></tr><tr><td>10525007 (Decompression of fingers, injection injury)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGL.FC.AA (Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)</td><td>Closest match for fascial compartment release; does not capture the injection injury aetiology.</td></tr><tr><td>178674000 (Decompression of fracture of spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABA.FC.AA (Release of spinal cord)</td><td>Closest match for spinal decompression; does not capture the fracture aetiology.</td></tr><tr><td>302128004 (Decompression of thoracic spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.FC.AA (Release of spinal canal)</td><td>Closest match for spinal decompression; does not specify the thoracic level.</td></tr><tr><td>363053000 (Decompressive incision of nervous system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.FC.AA (Intracranial release)</td><td>No single ICHI code covers decompressive incision across the whole nervous system; intracranial release captures the dominant clinical intent but only for the intracranial compartment.</td></tr><tr><td>68731005 (Decortication of cerebral meninges)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAC.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cerebral meninges)</td><td>Decortication strips the thickened/adherent meningeal layer (functionally a partial excision); the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the decortication concept.</td></tr><tr><td>177784006 (Decortication of lung)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of pleura)</td><td>Lung decortication strips the fibrous pleural peel from the lung surface; partial excision of pleura is the closest match but does not capture the full cortical/pleural strip.</td></tr><tr><td>36101009 (Deep incision with opening of bone cortex of elbow)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MEB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of humerus)</td><td>ICHI has no single elbow-bone code; the humerus is the primary elbow bone but osteotomy implies a through-cut rather than cortical fenestration specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>386256003 (Delusion management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUF.PP.ZZ (Counselling for thought functions)</td><td>Delusions are a disorder of thought content, and AUF is the most precise functional target available; however, delusion management in practice encompasses pharmacotherapy, monitoring, and psychoeducation beyond counselling.</td></tr><tr><td>386257007 (Dementia management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUH.PH.ZZ (Training of higher-level cognitive functions)</td><td>Dementia management is a broad multi-component care concept; AUH.PH.ZZ captures cognitive training/rehabilitation — a key element — but does not represent the full scope including pharmacotherapy, caregiver support, and behavioural interventions.</td></tr><tr><td>178055007 (Dermatofasciectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)</td><td>Dermatofasciectomy (classically the Dupuytren procedure) involves excision of both the palmar fascia and the overlying skin; ICHI's code captures the fascia excision at the hand/finger target but omits the skin component, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>14771009 (Desiccation of lesion of rectum using electrical energy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum)</td><td>Rectal lesion desiccation using electrical energy is most commonly performed endoscopically; KBW.GA.AD specifies an endoscopic means rather than the electrical/desiccation means, while the SNOMED concept does not specify the access route, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>174551004 (Destruction lesion of bile duct)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)</td><td>KCM.GA.AD is the closest ICHI code for destruction of a bile duct lesion, but it specifies endoscopic means while the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic; endoscopic is the most clinically typical route, making this the best approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>64522003 (Destruction of chorioretinal lesion by implantation of radiation source)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy)</td><td>BCA.GA.BA captures radiotherapeutic destruction of the posterior eye and is the closest match, but it is broader in target (posterior structures of eyeball, not specifically chorioretina) and does not distinguish implanted/brachytherapy sources from external beam.</td></tr><tr><td>88966009 (Destruction of intervertebral disc by injection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>SNOMED specifies destruction by injection (chemonucleolysis/intradiscal injection), while the closest ICHI code captures percutaneous destruction; injection-based disc destruction is not separately coded in ICHI, making this an inexact match on means.</td></tr><tr><td>77651002 (Destruction of intra-abdominal cysts)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.GA.AA (Destruction of peritoneal tissue)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for destruction of intra-abdominal cysts; KMA.GA.AA covers destruction of peritoneal tissue, the closest anatomical match for intra-abdominal cystic structures, but the action target is narrower (peritoneum) and the cyst-specific lesion type is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>83789005 (Destruction of intra-abdominal tumor)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.GA.AA (Destruction of peritoneal tissue)</td><td>ICHI lacks a broad "destruction of intra-abdominal tumor" code; KMA.GA.AA is the closest residual match using the peritoneal cavity target with a destruction action, but it does not capture the tumor specificity or the full intra-abdominal scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>68671008 (Destruction of lesion of rectum by chemicals)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.GA.AF (Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum)</td><td>ICHI has no means axis value specifically for chemical/caustic agents applied to the rectum; KBW.GA.AF (percutaneous approach) is the closest available code but does not capture the chemical means.</td></tr><tr><td>239264007 (Destruction of lesion of tendon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon of forearm)</td><td>ICHI uses local excision rather than destruction as the action for tendon lesions, and all such codes are site-specific with no unspecified-site equivalent for tendon; MFT.JI.AA is representative of the pattern but is both action-inexact (excision vs. destruction) and site-specific (forearm), an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>239272009 (Destruction of lesion of tendon sheath)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI code targets the correct anatomical structure (tendon sheath) at an unspecified site and uses local excision of a lesion, which functionally corresponds to destruction; the action axis differs (JI = local excision vs. GA = destruction), so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>12807004 (Destruction of lesion of testis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGL.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of testis)</td><td>ICHI code targets the correct organ (testis) and scope (a discrete lesion), but uses local excision (action JI) rather than destruction (action GA); clinically these overlap substantially, but the means of achieving tissue removal differs.</td></tr><tr><td>48659009 (Destruction of lesion of uterus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus)</td><td>No approach-unspecified destruction-of-lesion-of-uterus category exists in ICHI; this laparoscopic code is the only option that specifies lesion/tissue destruction of the uterus, but is narrowed by the laparoscopic means axis. The alternative NME.GA.AA refers to destruction of the whole uterus and supporting structures.</td></tr><tr><td>232543008 (Destruction of pharyngeal lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI splits the pharynx into nasopharynx (JAM) and oral pharynx (KAR), with destruction codes only present for the oral pharynx; the SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific, so KAR.GA.AA covers the most common site but excludes nasopharyngeal procedures.</td></tr><tr><td>278295001 (Destruction of pleural lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of pleura)</td><td>ICHI has no code titled "destruction of pleural lesion"; JCA.JI.AA is the closest available code and covers the same anatomical target and lesion focus, but the action axis differs (JI = local excision vs. GA = destruction).</td></tr><tr><td>72540001 (Destructive procedure of abdominal artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.LA.AA (Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>ICHI does not have a generic "destructive procedure of artery" — occlusion is the closest procedural equivalent to vascular destruction; the ICHI code also covers pelvic arteries, slightly broader in anatomical scope.</td></tr><tr><td>39312001 (Destructive procedure of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.LA.AA (Partial occlusion of abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI segments the aorta by anatomical portion with no single code for the entire aorta; the abdominal aorta occlusion code is the closest available match, but it is narrower in target anatomical scope and "partial occlusion" is a specific procedural qualifier.</td></tr><tr><td>46593005 (Destructive procedure of artery of extremity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No single ICHI code covers both upper and lower extremity arteries together; the NEC artery occlusion code is the best available residual match, but is broader than extremity-specific scope and "occlusion" is only an approximate equivalent for "destructive procedure."</td></tr><tr><td>14086008 (Destructive procedure of artery of lower extremity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery of lower limb)</td><td>The target anatomy aligns well, but "occlusion" captures only one specific form of vascular destruction (ligation/embolisation) rather than the full range implied by the SNOMED "destructive procedure" parent concept.</td></tr><tr><td>449924003 (Destructive procedure on lower leg)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAG.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated destruction code for lower leg musculoskeletal structures; the closest available category covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, which is narrower in tissue scope (skin/subcut only) and wider in anatomical extent (whole lower limb rather than lower leg specifically). No better match exists in ICHI for a general destructive procedure on the lower leg.</td></tr><tr><td>20470003 (Destructive procedure on thyroid gland)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of thyroid gland by radiotherapy)</td><td>ICHI has three thyroid destruction codes but all specify a means — radiotherapy (EBA.GA.BA), radioactive iodine (EBA.GA.BE), or percutaneous approach (EBA.GA.AE) — while the SNOMED concept is a generic/unspecified destructive procedure; EBA.GA.BA is selected as the most commonly represented form, but none is a true equivalent since SNOMED leaves the means unspecified.</td></tr><tr><td>250189009 (Detection of immunoglobulin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG58X6 (Immunoglobulin plasma levels)</td><td>XG58X6 covers measurement of immunoglobulin plasma levels, which is the closest ICHI concept to detection of immunoglobulin; however, "detection" (qualitative presence/absence) differs semantically from "plasma levels" (quantitative measurement), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>46258004 (Determination of ventricular ejection fraction with probe technique)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HTB.BA.BE (Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>HTB.BA.BE "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified" uses a radionuclide/scan-based approach (BE = radionuclide scan) on heart functions, which aligns with the probe/radionuclide technique for measuring ventricular ejection fraction (a form of cardiac output); ICHI has no dedicated code for ejection fraction measurement, and while HZZ.BA.BJ "Echocardiography" is an alternative, the "probe technique" in SNOMED more closely refers to a nuclear/radionuclide probe method rather than ultrasound, making the cardiac output scan a better approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>406168002 (Dialysis access maintenance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.SN.AF (Management of arteriovenous shunt)</td><td>Dialysis access maintenance encompasses maintenance of AV fistulas, AV grafts, and tunneled dialysis catheters; IZA.SN.AF specifically covers arteriovenous shunt management, which is the most common dialysis access type but does not capture catheter-based dialysis access, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>58391006 (Diaphragm fitting with education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMH.DL.AC (Insertion of internal device of vagina)</td><td>Here "diaphragm" is the contraceptive vaginal diaphragm (a barrier device), not the thoracic muscle. NMH.DL.AC captures the device insertion component, but the SNOMED concept explicitly includes patient education/training, which is a separate action axis not represented in this single ICHI code; a compound mapping would be needed for full fidelity.</td></tr><tr><td>182922004 (Dietary regime)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)</td><td>A "dietary regime" refers to a structured plan governing what a person eats, which aligns most closely with the prescriptive/regulatory intent of "Prescription of food" in ICHI; however, the ICHI code implies a formal prescriptive act rather than the broader concept of an ongoing dietary pattern or regimen.</td></tr><tr><td>410175003 (Dietary regime management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription of food)</td><td>"Dietary regime management" implies active, ongoing oversight of a patient's diet, which maps closest to prescribing/ordering food in ICHI; ICHI lacks a specific code for ongoing dietary management, so this is an approximate match with the prescriptive food intervention code.</td></tr><tr><td>41201004 (Dilation of foreskin in newborn)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGM.PD.AH (Stretching of foreskin)</td><td>NGM.PD.AH is the closest available ICHI code and captures the same anatomical target and the manual mechanical widening of the preputial opening, but "stretching" (PD = elongation/stretching action) is not identical to dilatation, and ICHI carries no qualifier for the newborn age group.</td></tr><tr><td>304483004 (Direct current to back)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.SC.BP (Iontophoresis)</td><td>"Direct current to back" is a form of transcutaneous DC electrotherapy; iontophoresis (LZZ.SC.BP) is the closest named ICHI code for DC-based skin/tissue stimulation, but it specifically refers to drug delivery via DC current rather than general DC stimulation to the back, and does not encode the anatomical site.</td></tr><tr><td>304477002 (Direct current to trunk)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.SC.BP (Iontophoresis)</td><td>As with "Direct current to back," this broader trunk-site DC electrotherapy concept maps most closely to iontophoresis (LZZ.SC.BP) as the only named DC-current skin intervention in ICHI, but the match is inexact since iontophoresis denotes drug delivery via DC current and ICHI does not encode the trunk site specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>438557003 (Discectomy and total lumbar disc arthroplasty using anterior approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBN.DN.AA (Implantation of lumbar spinal disc prosthesis)</td><td>The SNOMED concept combines lumbar discectomy with total disc replacement via an anterior approach, which most closely aligns with MBN.DN.AA (implantation of lumbar spinal disc prosthesis — i.e., total disc arthroplasty); however, ICHI does not encode the combined discectomy-plus-arthroplasty procedure as a single code, nor does it specify the anterior approach, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>46964002 (Diversional therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in recreation and leisure)</td><td>The closest ICHI concept captures the supportive facilitation aspect of diversional therapy, but ICHI does not have a single code representing the professional therapy discipline as a whole; approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>56463006 (Diverticulectomy of esophagus with myotomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oesophagus)</td><td>Diverticulectomy of the oesophagus aligns with local excision of a lesion, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies an accompanying myotomy that is not captured by any ICHI code in the oesophagus block.</td></tr><tr><td>20330006 (Diverticulopexy of hypopharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.MK.AA (Repair of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI has no block or code specific to the hypopharynx and no pexy action exists for any pharyngeal segment; KAR.MK.AA is in an adjacent pharyngeal region with repair broadly covering structural correction, an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>85691005 (Diverticulopexy of hypopharynx with myotomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.MK.AA (Repair of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI lacks a hypopharynx-specific block and a pharyngeal pexy code; the additional myotomy component further widens the gap, as ICHI contains no combined diverticulopexy-with-myotomy code for this region.</td></tr><tr><td>173269002 (Division of adhesions of lip)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAA.MK.AA (Repair of lip)</td><td>ICHI has no "release of adhesions of lip" code — the release-of-adhesions (FC) action is present in pharynx, larynx, nose, and peritoneum but not in the lip block; repair of lip is the closest available code.</td></tr><tr><td>359537000 (Division of nasolacrimal duct for stricture with drainage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus)</td><td>No ICHI code specifically captures division of the nasolacrimal duct for stricture with concurrent drainage; BAD.FA.AA is the closest structural match, but the SNOMED concept adds specificity for both the indication (stricture) and the concurrent drainage component.</td></tr><tr><td>245002 (Division of nerve ganglion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.FB.AA (Division of peripheral nerve)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for division of a nerve ganglion; ACA.FB.AA is the closest available code as ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. The match is imprecise because a ganglion is anatomically distinct from a nerve trunk.</td></tr><tr><td>449865004 (Division of web of larynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.FC.AC (Release of congenital web of larynx)</td><td>JAN.FC.AC specifically addresses a laryngeal web, the same anatomical target, but uses "release" rather than "division" and qualifies it as congenital; the SNOMED concept is not restricted to congenital webs and the procedural action differs slightly.</td></tr><tr><td>1172557009 (Donor lymphocyte apheresis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DIA.JC.AF (Therapeutic apheresis)</td><td>Donor lymphocyte apheresis collects lymphocytes from a donor for subsequent infusion into a transplant recipient, while DIA.JC.AF is broad and framed around therapy of the patient undergoing apheresis; no more specific ICHI code for lymphocyte/donor apheresis exists.</td></tr><tr><td>702728001 (Drainage of bile duct using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.JB.AF (Percutaneous drainage of bile duct)</td><td>KCM.JB.AF is the closest ICHI match — fluoroscopic guidance is the standard approach for percutaneous biliary drainage — but ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance modality explicitly, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>302697001 (Drainage of skin lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>ICHI organises skin drainage by body region rather than offering a body-region-agnostic code; no ICHI category matches "skin lesion" generically across all sites, making this an inexact approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>307250000 (Drilling and exploration of bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no code for bone drilling or exploration as a combined procedure; osteotomy of unspecified bone is the nearest mechanical bone-disrupting intervention, but it implies deliberate bone-cutting rather than drilling-plus-exploration and does not capture the exploratory component.</td></tr><tr><td>15334003 (Drilling of femoral head)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.FB.AA (Division of bone of femur)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for femoral head drilling (e.g., core decompression); division of bone of femur is the closest mechanical bone-disrupting procedure on the femur but does not distinguish the femoral head as the site nor the drilling technique.</td></tr><tr><td>720177001 (Drug relapse prevention program)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VAC.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for illicit drug use behaviours)</td><td>Relapse prevention programs are primarily structured psychotherapeutic interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioural relapse prevention therapy); VAC.PQ.ZZ is the closest single ICHI category but does not specifically capture the relapse prevention goal.</td></tr><tr><td>1177191006 (Duplex ultrasonography)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Duplex ultrasonography is a specific vascular ultrasound technique combining B-mode imaging with Doppler flow analysis; ICHI has no code explicitly for duplex scanning and does not distinguish duplex from other ultrasound modalities, making any vascular ultrasound code an approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>410243008 (Ear wax removal management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAE.JA.AC (Irrigation of external auditory canal)</td><td>Ear wax removal is most commonly performed by irrigation (syringing), making this the closest procedural match, but the SNOMED concept denotes a management/care pathway rather than a specific procedure; other techniques (microsuction, dry instrumentation) are also covered by SNOMED but not by this code.</td></tr><tr><td>75771002 (Ear, nose and throat examination under general anesthesia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.AE.AH (Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI contains no code combining ENT examination with general anaesthesia; PZX.AE.AH is the closest available code covering a physical examination of an unspecified body site, but it does not capture the ENT scope or the general anaesthesia means.</td></tr><tr><td>865967000 (Early psychological support for critically ill)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no code combining psychological support with the critically ill context; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures whole-person psychotherapy and is the closest representation, but it does not specify the acute/critical illness setting or the "early" intervention timing.</td></tr><tr><td>313076000 (Eating disorder counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEA.PP.ZZ (Counselling about eating behaviours)</td><td>VEA.PP.ZZ maps counselling to the eating behaviours domain, which is the closest ICHI equivalent, but ICHI frames this as intervention on a "behaviour" rather than a clinical eating disorder, so there is a conceptual mismatch in the target population.</td></tr><tr><td>710826007 (Education about adaptation techniques for sensory deficit)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AV2.PM.ZZ (Education about additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for education about adaptation techniques for sensory deficits; AV2.PM.ZZ is the closest approximation but addresses education about sensory function rather than practical adaptation strategies.</td></tr><tr><td>710982008 (Education about administration of blood product)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAC.PM.ZZ (Education about medications)</td><td>ICHI does not have a specific code for education about blood product administration; UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications) is the closest, but blood products are distinct from medications and the SNOMED concept targets a procedural skill rather than pharmacological knowledge.</td></tr><tr><td>1300114009 (Education about basic skills training program)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SM1.PM.ZZ (Education about self care, unspecified)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for education about a basic skills training program; SM1.PM.ZZ is the closest available match as such programs commonly target self-care, but the SNOMED concept may encompass broader skills (cognitive, motor, social).</td></tr><tr><td>429785003 (Education about cardiovascular disease)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>HT2.PM.ZZ addresses education about cardiovascular system functions, while the SNOMED concept refers to cardiovascular disease broadly (encompassing pathology, risk factors, and prevention); the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>651141000124102 (Education about intimate partner violence service)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VBB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours)</td><td>VBB.PM.ZZ targets education about family and partner violence behaviours, which overlaps substantially with intimate partner violence, but the SNOMED concept specifically refers to education about an available service (informing patients of service existence/access) rather than education aimed at changing violence-related behaviours.</td></tr><tr><td>710519004 (Education about transfer technique)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SHG.PM.ZZ (Education about transferring oneself)</td><td>"Transfer technique" in rehabilitation refers to the methods and procedures for moving (transferring) a person, and SHG.PM.ZZ covers education about transferring oneself as an activity. The ICHI code is oriented around the activity of self-transfer rather than the technique of performing a transfer (which may involve a caregiver), making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>236988000 (Elective cesarean hysterectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.JK.AA (Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no combined caesarean-hysterectomy code; the defining surgical outcome of this procedure is total removal of the uterus, making NME.JK.AA the closest single code, though it omits the caesarean delivery component and the "elective" qualifier is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>1306775004 (Electrocoagulation of aneurysm of cerebral artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.LA.AA (Occlusion of intracranial artery)</td><td>ICHI has no code specific to electrocoagulation of a cerebral artery aneurysm; the intracranial artery block contains no dedicated aneurysm-obliteration code. IAA.LA.AA (open occlusion of intracranial artery) is the closest available concept, as electrocoagulation of an aneurysm achieves occlusion via an open approach, but the match is approximate because the ICHI code targets the parent artery rather than an aneurysm specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>169430000 (Electrotherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MU2.SC.BP (Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Electrotherapy is a broad rehabilitation modality encompassing multiple ICHI codes (e.g. AXA.SC.BP for pain, MVG.SC.BP for gait, MU2.SC.BP for muscle function); no single ICHI code captures the full scope, making MU2.SC.BP the closest but still an approximate match covering only the muscle-stimulation dimension.</td></tr><tr><td>76372001 (Embolectomy of abdominal artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>ICHI has no specific embolectomy code for the abdominal artery; IEA.JE.AA (endarterectomy — open surgical removal of arterial obstruction) is the closest open surgical artery-clearance procedure, but endarterectomy targets atherosclerotic plaque while embolectomy targets an embolus, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>73038007 (Embolectomy of lower limb artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFA.JE.AA (Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb)</td><td>ICHI has no "extraction of obstruction" code specifically for the lower limb artery (unlike coronary or cerebral arteries), so IFA.JE.AA is the closest anatomically specific code — it correctly targets the artery of the lower limb but uses the JE action (endarterectomy, removal of atheromatous material) rather than embolectomy (removal of an embolic clot), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>31793008 (Embolization of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.LA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal occlusion of aorta)</td><td>HIH.LA.AF is the closest available code for endovascular occlusion/embolisation of the aorta, but it is restricted to the abdominal aorta segment and specifies percutaneous transluminal means, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to the aorta generically without segment or approach constraints.</td></tr><tr><td>448862005 (Embolization of carotid cavernous fistula)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)</td><td>A carotid cavernous fistula is an abnormal arteriovenous communication involving the intracranial carotid artery and cavernous sinus; endovascular embolisation is the standard treatment and IAA.LA.AF is the closest structural match, but ICHI has no fistula-specific code and this code does not capture the venous/fistulous nature of the target, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>175297006 (Emergency replacement of aneurysmal segment of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)</td><td>Aortic aneurysm repair most commonly involves the abdominal aorta and "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta" is the closest single ICHI code, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (the aneurysmal segment could be thoracic, thoracoabdominal, or abdominal). ICHI has separate reconstruction codes for each aortic segment (ascending HIF.ML.AA, thoracic descending HIG.ML.AA, abdominal HIH.ML.AA), so no single code is a reliable match without knowing the specific segment.</td></tr><tr><td>385867000 (Emergency treatment education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMH.PM.ZZ (Education in looking after one's health)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for emergency treatment education; SMH.PM.ZZ (Education in looking after one's health) is the closest available concept covering patient education about managing one's own health, which partially overlaps with teaching emergency treatment procedures. The match is approximate because ICHI's code is focused on general health self-management rather than emergency response or emergency care procedures specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>385725001 (Emotional support assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of emotional functions)</td><td>AUD.AA.ZZ represents assessment of emotional functions, which is the closest structural match for assessing a patient's need for or response to emotional support; however, SNOMED's concept refers specifically to assessing the provision of emotional support (a care process measure) rather than the underlying emotional function itself, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>385727009 (Emotional support management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUD.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for emotional functions)</td><td>AUD.RC.ZZ specifically codes emotional support delivered targeting emotional functions, which is the closest available ICHI equivalent; however, the SNOMED concept is a broader management/care-planning process for emotional support without restriction to emotional functions as the target domain, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>170809008 (Endocrine disorder monitoring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ETK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of endocrine gland functions)</td><td>ICHI frames this as assessment of endocrine gland functions (a functional evaluation), while the SNOMED concept denotes ongoing clinical monitoring of an endocrine disorder; the concepts overlap substantially but differ in that ICHI does not capture the longitudinal/disease-monitoring intent of the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>176869003 (Endoscopic cauterization of lesion of uterus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus)</td><td>ICHI has no hysteroscopic or endoscopic cauterization of uterine lesion code; NME.GA.AB covers laparoscopic destruction of uterine lesion, which is the closest available option but specifies laparoscopic rather than endoscopic (hysteroscopic) means, making it an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>1332046003 (Endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of small intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic hemostasis code for the small intestine (NEC); coagulation is a form of tissue destruction, making KBK.GA.AA the closest available concept, but this code lacks the endoscopic approach specifier and frames the act as lesion destruction rather than hemorrhage control.</td></tr><tr><td>698410009 (Endoscopic control of esophageal hemorrhage using thermocoagulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for endoscopic esophageal hemorrhage control or thermocoagulation; thermocoagulation achieves hemostasis through tissue destruction, making KBA.GA.AD the closest available concept, but it is framed as lesion/tissue destruction rather than hemorrhage control and does not encode the thermocoagulation means.</td></tr><tr><td>698959000 (Endoscopic control of small intestine bleeding by clipping)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.DL.AC (Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no endoscopic hemostasis code for small intestine (NEC); deploying a hemostatic clip endoscopically is mechanistically a per-orifice device insertion, making KBK.DL.AC the closest structural match, but it does not encode the hemostatic intent or the clipping means.</td></tr><tr><td>287932001 (Endoscopic crushing of bilateral fallopian tubes)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMC.LA.AD (Hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes)</td><td>Crushing of the fallopian tubes is a method of achieving tubal occlusion, and hysteroscopy is an endoscopic approach, making this a close functional match. However, ICHI does not distinguish the occlusion mechanism (crushing vs. clipping vs. banding), and "bilateral" is not explicit in the ICHI title, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>264971004 (Endoscopic division of adhesions of peritoneum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.FC.AB (Laparoscopic release of peritoneal adhesions)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic (non-laparoscopic) release of peritoneal adhesions code; the laparoscopic code is the closest procedural analogue since laparoscopy is the primary endoscopic route for peritoneal adhesiolysis, but the approach axis differs from the SNOMED concept's endoscopic specification.</td></tr><tr><td>1370892002 (Endoscopic division of pharyngoesophageal diverticulum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.FA.AD (Endoscopic incision of oesophagus)</td><td>Endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy involves endoscopic incision/division at the pharyngoesophageal junction, which aligns best with the endoscopic incision of oesophagus code; however, the ICHI code is broader (covers any oesophageal incision) and does not capture the pharyngeal or diverticular specificity of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>78133002 (Endoscopic excision of lesion of large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon)</td><td>The SNOMED concept targets the large intestine broadly (colon and rectum), whereas KBP.JI.AD covers only the colon; a parallel rectal code (KBW.JI.AD) also exists, meaning neither alone is an exact match for the combined "large intestine" scope, making this an approximate fit.</td></tr><tr><td>704100003 (Endoscopic extraction of calculus of urinary tract proper)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAA.JE.AB (Percutaneous endoscopic extraction of calculus from kidney)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers endoscopic calculus extraction across the entire urinary tract proper, while ICHI has only site-specific codes (kidney, ureter, urethra). No single ICHI code maps the whole tract; NAA.JE.AB is the closest structural match but covers only one site, making this an approximate mapping.</td></tr><tr><td>179861004 (Endoscopic fixation of lesion of articular cartilage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MMC.MK.AB (Arthroscopic repair of cartilage of knee)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "articular cartilage fixation" code spanning joints; arthroscopic cartilage repair of the knee is the closest structural analogue, but the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified and uses "fixation of lesion" rather than repair. Equivalent site-unspecified or fixation-specific cartilage codes are absent from ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>870423007 (Endoscopic full thickness resection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon)</td><td>ICHI contains no EFTR-specific code and no site-neutral GI full-thickness resection category; endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon represents the closest procedural concept but is limited to the colon and does not distinguish full-thickness from mucosal/submucosal resection.</td></tr><tr><td>443282002 (Endoscopic incision of subglottic cyst)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.JB.AD (Endoscopic drainage of larynx)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for endoscopic incision of a subglottic cyst; the closest available code is endoscopic drainage of larynx, which shares the endoscopic approach and the clinical intent of decompressing/draining a cyst in the laryngeal region, but uses drainage rather than incision as the action and does not specify the subglottic site or cyst morphology.</td></tr><tr><td>175951002 (Endoscopic ultrasound fragmentation of renal calculus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAA.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the kidney)</td><td>Both procedures aim to fragment a renal calculus, but NAA.GA.BJ specifies extracorporeal shockwave delivery rather than the endoscopic ultrasound energy modality of the SNOMED concept. Target and intent align, but the means axis does not match.</td></tr><tr><td>61124007 (Endoscopy of integument)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI contains no dedicated endoscopy-of-skin code; LZZ.AE.AH represents inspection of the integumentary system (skin and subcutaneous tissue), which is the closest functional equivalent, but it does not specify an endoscopic approach and uses the broader Action axis value "AE" (inspection) rather than a dedicated endoscopy action, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>1174027007 (Endoscopy of lower gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy)</td><td>ICHI has no single code for "endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract" as a whole; colonoscopy (KBP.AE.AD) is the most representative procedure for that anatomical region, but the SNOMED concept also encompasses sigmoidoscopy (KBU.AE.AD), rectoscopy (KBW.AE.AD), and other lower GI endoscopic procedures, making colonoscopy only an approximate match for the broader category.</td></tr><tr><td>440667003 (Endoscopy of nasal sinus with dacryocystorhinostomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAD.LI.AD (Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy)</td><td>ICHI's BAD.LI.AD captures the endoscopic DCR component precisely, but does not encode the concurrent nasal sinus endoscopy component of the SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code covers this combined procedure, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>1209099008 (Endoscopy of nose and nasal sinuses)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAE.AE.AD (Endoscopy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI separates nose endoscopy (JAA.AE.AD — Rhinoscopy) from paranasal sinus endoscopy (JAE.AE.AD); no single ICHI code covers both targets simultaneously. JAE.AE.AD is selected as the closest match for the sinus component, but the nasal component is not captured, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>446739005 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and banding of varix of esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.LA.AD (Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for endoscopic variceal band ligation of the oesophagus; KBA.LA.AD (endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus) captures the endoscopic approach and the occlusive action but is not restricted to varices and does not specify banding as the technique, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>446743009 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and banding of varix of stomach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.LA.AA (Occlusion of gastric varices)</td><td>KBF.LA.AA names gastric varices as the target and occlusion as the action, closely matching the SNOMED concept's intent, but the means axis does not specify the endoscopic approach or the banding technique, and no endoscopic-specific gastric varix code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>446013001 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and dilation of cardiac sphincter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.LG.AD (Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus)</td><td>The cardiac sphincter (lower oesophageal sphincter) sits at the gastroesophageal junction; ICHI has no dilatation code for the GEJ or cardia specifically, and the nearest code — endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus — captures the endoscopic approach and dilatation action but maps to oesophagus rather than the sphincter itself.</td></tr><tr><td>446332003 (Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and insertion of esophageal stent)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of oesophageal prosthesis)</td><td>This code covers endoscopic insertion of an oesophageal prosthesis (stent), which aligns well with the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code implies dilatation as part of the procedure, while the SNOMED concept describes stent insertion alone; this makes the match inexact rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>229912004 (Enteral feeding)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DA.AC (Intracavity administration of nutritional substance)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "enteral feeding" code; PZA.DA.AC covers intracavity (i.e., into a body cavity, including the GI tract) administration of a nutritional substance, which is the closest structural match for tube-based enteral feeding, but the ICHI term is not specific to the enteral route and the concept boundary differs meaningfully.</td></tr><tr><td>58492003 (Enucleation of cyst of subcutaneous tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>Enucleation of a subcutaneous cyst corresponds to local excision (JI action) of skin and subcutaneous tissue, and the tissue type matches well, but the SNOMED concept is body-site unspecified while ICHI requires a specific regional target (trunk); no unspecified-site skin/subcutaneous local excision code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>173338004 (Enucleation of dental cyst of jaw)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAG.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of mandible)</td><td>ICHI splits jaw interventions into mandible (MAG) and maxilla (MAF) with no single "jaw unspecified" excision code, and neither bone-specific code captures the dental/odontogenic origin of the cyst; MAG.JI.AA is chosen as the most representative option given mandible is the more common site for dental cysts.</td></tr><tr><td>8929007 (Esophagogastropexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.LC.AA (Gastropexy)</td><td>Esophagogastropexy is fixation of the oesophagus to the stomach, whereas KBF.LC.AA (Gastropexy) codes only the fixation of the stomach without the oesophageal component; there is no oesophageal pexy code in the oesophagus block (KBA), making this an approximate but not equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>31852007 (Eustachian tuboplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBH.LG.AC (Dilatation of eustachian tube)</td><td>Eustachian tuboplasty (balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube) is best captured by "Dilatation of eustachian tube," as balloon tuboplasty is the primary modern technique. However, "tuboplasty" can also refer to reconstructive/surgical procedures beyond simple dilation, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>448597003 (Evacuation of blood clot of pelvis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAK.JB.AA (Abdominal drainage)</td><td>ICHI has no specific pelvic hematoma evacuation code; PAK.JB.AA (Abdominal drainage) is the closest topographical match for drainage/evacuation of fluid/clot content in the abdominal-pelvic region, but it is both broader in anatomical scope and does not specify blood clot removal, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>389033000 (Evacuation of clot retention)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.JA.AB (Endoscopic irrigation of bladder clots)</td><td>Clot retention is a urological emergency where blood clots obstruct the bladder and are cleared by endoscopic irrigation — NAI.JA.AB is the most specific ICHI code for this procedure. The match is inexact rather than equivalent because the SNOMED term uses "evacuation" and is site-unspecified on its face, while the ICHI code specifies both the endoscopic means and the bladder target.</td></tr><tr><td>370796004 (Evaluation for signs and symptoms of physical injury to skin and tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Inspection of skin and subcutaneous tissue closely corresponds to evaluating for signs of physical injury to skin and tissue; however, the ICHI code is not injury-specific and does not reference the purpose of inspection, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>164772003 (Examination of larynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.AE.AC (Laryngoscopy)</td><td>Laryngoscopy (JAN.AE.AC) is the standard clinical method for examining the larynx, and the means axis indicates an endoscopic/scope approach, making it slightly more specific in technique than the generic SNOMED "examination of larynx" which would include indirect mirror examination and external palpation; the match is close but not exact.</td></tr><tr><td>312695002 (Excision of anal fissure and island flap closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBX.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of anus)</td><td>ICHI captures the excision component (local excision of lesion of anus) but does not represent the island flap closure component of this combined procedure; the flap reconstruction is a distinct action that would require an extension code or a second code. The match is therefore approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>1303633002 (Excision of aneurysmal bone cyst)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>An aneurysmal bone cyst is a specific type of bone lesion, and "local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site" captures the procedure type and target organ correctly. The match is inexact because the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified by nature (cysts can occur in any bone) and ICHI does not differentiate by cyst subtype, making this the best available but not semantically exact mapping.</td></tr><tr><td>1340055008 (Excision of benign glomus tumor in neck)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>Glomus tumors of the neck are deep neuroendocrine/vascular tumors (paragangliomas), not skin lesions; ICHI lacks a specific code. LAA.JI.AA captures the anatomical region but misrepresents the tissue type.</td></tr><tr><td>53103008 (Excision of cervical lymph nodes group)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFB.JL.AA (Radical neck dissection)</td><td>DFB.JL.AA is the only ICHI code capturing en-bloc removal of multiple cervical lymph nodes; however, "radical neck dissection" implies additional resection of surrounding structures (sternocleidomastoid, IJV, spinal accessory nerve) beyond a node group excision alone.</td></tr><tr><td>5446003 (Excision of cervical rib for outlet compression syndrome with sympathectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of rib)</td><td>This compound procedure combines cervical rib excision with cervical sympathectomy (ADB.JK.AA); ICHI has no single code encoding this combination, so MCB.JK.AA captures only the dominant rib removal component and omits the sympathectomy.</td></tr><tr><td>439925004 (Excision of constriction ring of finger with Z plasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAE.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)</td><td>ICHI captures the excision component targeting upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue but loses both the finger-level specificity and the Z-plasty reconstruction integral to this procedure; no dedicated constriction ring or Z-plasty code exists.</td></tr><tr><td>238245008 (Excision of cyst of urachus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAO.JI.AA (Local excision of umbilical lesion)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated urachus target; the closest available code is local excision of umbilical lesion, which covers the anatomically adjacent umbilical region but does not specifically address the urachus or the cystic nature.</td></tr><tr><td>657991000005104 (Excision of endometriosis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of uterus)</td><td>NME.JI.AA is the closest single ICHI code; however, endometriosis frequently involves extra-uterine sites (ovaries, peritoneum, bowel), so the ICHI code does not represent the full anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>79772002 (Excision of excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue of buttock)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>The buttock is part of the trunk region in ICHI; partial excision approximates the removal of excessive tissue. ICHI does not distinguish "excessive" tissue or specifically identify the buttock subsite.</td></tr><tr><td>84994007 (Excision of excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue of hip)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAG.LL.AA (Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)</td><td>The hip's skin/soft tissue falls within ICHI's lower limb skin block; "reduction" is the closest functional equivalent to excision of excessive tissue. ICHI does not offer hip-specific skin codes.</td></tr><tr><td>442885001 (Excision of flexor tendon of finger and implantation of synthetic rod)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.JJ.AA (Tenonectomy of hand or finger)</td><td>MGT.JJ.AA covers the tendon excision component, but ICHI has no single code combining tenonectomy with synthetic rod implantation; the implantation component would require an additional code.</td></tr><tr><td>387720005 (Excision of fragment of bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>MRB.JI.AA is the closest available ICHI code for removing a discrete piece of bone at unspecified site; "local excision of lesion" implies a pathological lesion rather than a free bone fragment, so the procedural action and target align but the clinical context differs.</td></tr><tr><td>232541005 (Excision of lesion of hypopharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI has no separate block or category for the hypopharynx; KAR.JI.AA is the closest available pharynx excision code, though oral pharynx and hypopharynx are anatomically distinct regions.</td></tr><tr><td>24223006 (Excision of lesion of lymph structure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFZ.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No ICHI code combines "local excision of lesion" with an unspecified lymphatic structure target; DFZ.JJ.AA uses the "partial excision" action rather than lesion-specific JI.</td></tr><tr><td>363110002 (Excision of lesion of musculoskeletal system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is very broad (any musculoskeletal lesion excision). MRS.JI.AA is the closest approximation but excludes bone, joint, and tendon lesions also covered by SNOMED.</td></tr><tr><td>67418003 (Excision of lymphangioma)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFO.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel)</td><td>A lymphangioma is a benign tumour of lymphatic vessels; DFO.JI.AA is the only ICHI code in the lymphatic vessel block describing excision of a lesion, but does not specifically capture lymphangioma resection extent.</td></tr><tr><td>1340079005 (Excision of malignant glomus jugulare tumor)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBA.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Glomus jugulare paraganglioma arises at the jugular foramen/skull base, frequently involving the middle ear; CBA.JI.AC captures the middle ear involvement but does not capture the broader skull base extent.</td></tr><tr><td>450664000 (Excision of mass of neck)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>A "mass of neck" may involve deeper structures (lymph nodes, muscle, fascia); LAA.JI.AA targets the skin/subcutaneous layer, an approximate match for the most common scenario.</td></tr><tr><td>123014005 (Excision of pelvis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MKB.JK.AA (Total ostectomy of pelvis)</td><td>"Excision of pelvis" in surgical practice refers to hemipelvectomy — removal of the bony pelvis, most closely represented by MKB.JK.AA; however, hemipelvectomy typically involves soft tissue and neurovascular structures as well, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>314126005 (Excision of pupillary membrane)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBC.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of iris)</td><td>The pupillary membrane (persistent pupillary membrane) is a fibrous membrane overlying the pupil derived from the anterior iris stroma; BBC.JI.AA is the closest ICHI category, but the target is classified as iris rather than the distinct pupillary membrane structure.</td></tr><tr><td>180097006 (Excision of radial digit and skeletal repair for polydactyly)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGB.JN.AA (Amputation of bone of hand or finger)</td><td>Removal of a supernumerary digit involves amputation/excision of the extra finger including its bony element; ICHI does not specifically encode polydactyly correction or the skeletal repair/reconstruction component.</td></tr><tr><td>71735005 (Excision of salivary gland)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAM.JK.AA (Complete sialoadenectomy)</td><td>"Excision of salivary gland" in SNOMED encompasses both partial and complete removal, while KAM.JK.AA specifically denotes complete (total) sialoadenectomy; KAM.JJ.AA (partial excision) is also available, but neither alone is an exact match to the unspecified SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>446295000 (Excision of scar)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JI.AA (Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated scar excision code; the closest is local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue NEC, which covers the procedure type but does not specify scar as the target tissue. LZZ.FC.AA covers scar release (contracture), not excision.</td></tr><tr><td>448363006 (Excision of sequestrum of phalanx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of hand or finger)</td><td>ICHI contains no code for sequestrectomy (removal of necrotic bone fragment); debridement of bone of hand or finger is the closest functional equivalent for a finger phalanx, but the concept does not specify hand vs foot, and debridement is broader than targeted sequestrum excision.</td></tr><tr><td>238241004 (Excision of sinus of urachus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAO.JI.AA (Local excision of umbilical lesion)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated urachal sinus excision code; a urachal sinus is an embryological remnant in the periumbilical region, and local excision of umbilical lesion is the closest anatomical and procedural match available.</td></tr><tr><td>178231009 (Excision of whole muscle group)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.JJ.AA (Excision of muscle of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI codes a site-unspecified muscle excision but does not capture the specific concept of excising an entire muscle group as a unit; the SNOMED concept implies a more radical, en-bloc resection that is not explicitly expressed in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>197076005 (Excisional biopsy of lacrimal gland)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAD.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lacrimal gland)</td><td>An excisional biopsy of the lacrimal gland closely approximates local excision of a lesion of the lacrimal gland, but BAD.JI.AA frames the procedure as a therapeutic lesion excision rather than a diagnostic biopsy, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>410335001 (Exercises case management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)</td><td>ICHI does not have a concept combining exercises with case management as a single activity; PZB.TD.ZZ "Case coordination" is the closest match as it covers coordinating care across services, but the specific "exercises" (training/teaching) dimension is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>722442003 (Explanation of patient's rights)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXK.PN.ZZ (Advising about enjoying in human rights)</td><td>SXK.PN.ZZ covers advising a person about enjoying their human rights, the closest ICHI concept to explaining a patient's legal/ethical rights. The match is approximate because SXK targets the activity-participation domain of civic human rights broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a healthcare encounter action.</td></tr><tr><td>41603008 (Exploration of abdominal vein)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IED.FA.AA (Incision of abdominal or pelvic vein)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "exploration" code for abdominal or pelvic veins — the IED block contains incision, excision, occlusion, bypass, and reconstruction but no AE (exploration) action code. Incision of a vein is operationally related since surgical exploration often requires incision, but is not semantically equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>392143003 (Exploration of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.AE.AA (Exploration of abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI separates aortic exploration into segment-specific codes (ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal, aortic arch) with no single "exploration of aorta" code; HIH.AE.AA is the best single candidate but covers only the abdominal segment.</td></tr><tr><td>233417002 (Exploration of artery with arteriotomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.FA.AA (Incision of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Arteriotomy is an incision into an artery, and IZA.FA.AA represents open incision of an unspecified artery NEC, capturing the arteriotomy component; however, the SNOMED concept specifies that the incision is performed for the purpose of exploration, and ICHI does not have a combined "exploration via arteriotomy" code.</td></tr><tr><td>172117008 (Exploration of breast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LCA.FA.AA (Mastotomy)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "exploration of breast" code; mastotomy (open incision of the breast) is the closest functional equivalent, as surgical exploration is typically performed via incision, but "mastotomy" denotes the incision act itself rather than exploration as the primary intent.</td></tr><tr><td>287306002 (Exploration of bronchus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBB.AE.AD (Bronchoscopy)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "exploration of bronchus" code; bronchoscopy is the standard procedure for visually exploring the bronchus and is the closest match, though it specifies an endoscopic approach whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-neutral.</td></tr><tr><td>307663000 (Exploration of colon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "exploration of colon" code; colonoscopy is the closest available code, as it is the standard endoscopic approach for exploring the colon. However, "exploration of colon" may also refer to open surgical exploration, whereas colonoscopy is specifically the endoscopic procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>287335005 (Exploration of esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.AE.AD (Oesophagoscopy)</td><td>Oesophagoscopy is the closest ICHI procedure to oesophageal exploration, both involving direct examination of the oesophageal lumen. SNOMED "exploration" may also encompass open surgical exploration, making this approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>30778003 (Exploration of fascia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.FA.AA (Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no fascia-exploration code; fascia is classified by region with no unspecified-site fascia exploration. Incision of soft tissue at unspecified site is the closest concept since exploration typically involves incision, but fascia is not synonymous with general soft tissue.</td></tr><tr><td>288082006 (Exploration of skin or subcutaneous tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>LZZ.AE.AA aligns well in target/action but the "open" (AA) approach is more specific than the approach-unspecified SNOMED concept, and the NEC qualifier adds residual ambiguity.</td></tr><tr><td>287871002 (Exploration of stomach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.FA.AA (Gastrotomy)</td><td>ICHI has no exploration-of-stomach code; gastrotomy (incision into the stomach) is the nearest match. Gastrotomy describes the incision itself rather than its exploratory purpose, and an endoscopic alternative (gastroscopy) could also apply.</td></tr><tr><td>176147007 (Exploration of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.AE.AD (Cystoscopy)</td><td>Cystoscopy is the standard operative technique for inspecting the bladder interior; the SNOMED term "exploration" is approach-agnostic and may include open exploration, while cystoscopy specifies the endoscopic approach.</td></tr><tr><td>309878003 (Exploration of uterine cavity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.AE.AD (Hysteroscopy)</td><td>Hysteroscopy is the standard procedure for direct visual exploration of the uterine cavity; SNOMED's term is approach-agnostic (could include digital or open exploration), while hysteroscopy specifies the endoscopic technique.</td></tr><tr><td>40170002 (Extensor tendon realignment of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger)</td><td>ICHI has no specific "realignment" code for extensor tendons of the hand; reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger is the closest available code, as realignment involves reconstructive repositioning.</td></tr><tr><td>85849005 (Exteriorization of large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.LI.AA (Colostomy)</td><td>Colostomy is the prototypical large intestine exteriorization, but the SNOMED concept is broader and may include various stoma formations across the entire large bowel.</td></tr><tr><td>180107003 (Extra-articular soft tissue procedure for congenital dislocation of the hip)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MKM.FC.AA (Release of hip contracture)</td><td>ICHI has no code for extra-articular soft tissue procedures specific to congenital hip dislocation; release of hip contracture is the closest soft tissue release procedure for the hip, but does not specify congenital aetiology.</td></tr><tr><td>120129005 (Extraocular muscles reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BDA.MK.AA (Repair of extraocular muscle)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "reconstruction" code for extraocular muscle; BDA.MK.AA (repair of extraocular muscle) is the closest available code. Reconstruction is typically a more complex or complete restoration than repair, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>287997009 (Extraperitoneal exploration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAK.AE.AA (Exploratory laparotomy)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for exploration of the extraperitoneal or retroperitoneal space specifically; PAK.AE.AA (exploratory laparotomy) is the closest procedural match but refers to exploration via opening the peritoneal cavity rather than an extraperitoneal approach.</td></tr><tr><td>81257009 (Extremity testing for strength, dexterity or stamina)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MUB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of muscle power functions)</td><td>MUB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of muscle power (strength), which is one component of the SNOMED concept, but the SNOMED concept additionally encompasses dexterity (voluntary movement control) and stamina (muscle endurance), neither of which is captured by this single ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>1303668002 (Facial reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)</td><td>Facial reconstruction is a broad surgical concept encompassing soft tissue, skin, and bony components of the face, whereas LAA.ML.AA is limited to skin grafting in the head/neck region; no single ICHI code captures full facial reconstruction across all tissue types.</td></tr><tr><td>386303003 (Family process maintenance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SSJ.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in family relationships)</td><td>Family process maintenance is a nursing intervention aimed at preserving and sustaining healthy family functioning over time; SSJ.RB.ZZ (practical support for family relationships) is the closest ICHI action on the family relationship target, but "practical support" does not precisely capture the maintenance/preservation focus, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>49109005 (Fascial sling of mouth)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A fascial sling of the mouth is a suspensory/reconstructive procedure using a fascia strip to support oral structures, which aligns broadly with reconstruction of the oral cavity (NEC). ICHI has no specific sling or suspension code for the mouth, and the fascia material is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>74422001 (Fasciectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated fasciectomy code; fascia excision codes exist only at specific anatomical sites (wrist, hand, foot, knee). Partial excision of soft tissue at unspecified site is the nearest generic approximation, though it covers all soft tissue rather than fascia specifically and does not distinguish partial from total excision.</td></tr><tr><td>88379007 (Fasciocutaneous flap to extremity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no specific fasciocutaneous flap code; the extremity-specific skin reconstruction codes (LAE.ML.AA, LAG.ML.AA) are titled "skin graft" without capturing the fasciocutaneous composite tissue component or distinguishing upper from lower limb at the unspecified-extremity level. LZZ.ML.AA is the best available NEC fallback for an unspecified-extremity skin/soft-tissue reconstruction, though the flap technique and fascial layer are not represented.</td></tr><tr><td>62561007 (Fasciodesis of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)</td><td>Fasciodesis (stabilization of a joint by anchoring fascia to bone) is a reconstructive procedure on the fascia of the hand, and "reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger" is the closest ICHI category available. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated "stabilisation" or "fixation via fascia" code for this site, so the match is approximate — reconstruction implies a broader scope than the specific binding/fixation intent of fasciodesis.</td></tr><tr><td>286867009 (Female artificial urinary sphincter procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.DN.AA (Implantation of device into urinary bladder)</td><td>ICHI has no assignable artificial urinary sphincter code, so the nearest assignable procedure is implantation of a device into the urinary bladder; this captures the implantation aspect but does not specifically encode the sphincter device or female anatomy.</td></tr><tr><td>771623009 (Fiberoptic endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "endoscopic haemostasis of oesophagus" code; electrocoagulation for haemostasis is a form of tissue destruction, so KBA.GA.AD is the closest available code, but it primarily denotes destruction of a lesion rather than haemostatic coagulation of a bleeding vessel.</td></tr><tr><td>1263704002 (Fiberoptic endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal tract using hemostatic spray)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>No ICHI code represents endoscopic haemostatic coagulation of the upper GI tract, and hemostatic spray has no dedicated means axis code; KBA.GA.AD is the closest category for endoscopic tissue destruction in the oesophagus but does not capture the upper GI breadth, haemostatic intent, or spray technique.</td></tr><tr><td>438887000 (Fibrin sheath stripping of tunneled central venous catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIB.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava)</td><td>Fibrin sheath stripping is a percutaneous transluminal procedure performed in the superior vena cava to remove a fibrin deposit encasing a tunneled catheter. The match is inexact because the ICHI code implies device removal rather than sheath stripping (the catheter itself is retained), and the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>178997004 (Filling of segmental defect by compression-distraction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site)</td><td>Filling a segmental bone defect by compression-distraction (e.g., Ilizarov bone transport) uses gradual mechanical distraction to regenerate bone, mechanistically overlapping with limb lengthening via distraction osteogenesis. The match is inexact because limb lengthening and segmental defect restoration have distinct clinical goals.</td></tr><tr><td>239388007 (Fixation of maxilla - external)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAF.LD.AH (Closed reduction of maxillary bone)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "external fixation of maxilla" code; closed reduction of the maxillary bone is the closest match because closed (non-open) reduction is typically achieved through external immobilisation/fixation techniques. The ICHI code implies fracture reduction context which may be narrower or different in scope from the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>302476005 (Fixation of maxilla - internal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAF.LD.AA (Open reduction of maxillary bone)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "internal fixation of maxilla" code; open reduction of the maxillary bone is the closest match because open reduction inherently involves internal fixation with plates or wires. The ICHI code is framed as fracture reduction which may be narrower than the SNOMED concept's scope.</td></tr><tr><td>265721002 (Fixation of spinal fracture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for spinal fracture fixation; open reduction of the vertebra (unspecified site) is the closest functional approximation, but it does not capture the fracture context or the fixation/stabilisation aspect, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>1287765008 (Fixation of tendon of ankle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of lower leg)</td><td>ICHI contains no LC (fixation) action code within the lower leg or ankle tendon block; MNT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of lower leg) is the closest available code covering surgical intervention on the ankle-region tendon, but "fixation" (anchoring tendon to bone) and "repair" (suturing a torn tendon) are not semantically equivalent, and the ICHI target covers lower leg broadly rather than ankle specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>1287763001 (Fixation of tendon of foot)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of foot or toe)</td><td>ICHI has no fixation (LC) action code within the foot/toe tendon block; MOT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of foot or toe) is the closest available code for a surgical tendon procedure at the foot, but fixation and repair are distinct procedures and the ICHI target also includes toes, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>75514003 (Fixation of tendon of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of hand or finger)</td><td>ICHI has no LC (fixation) action code within the hand/finger tendon block; MGT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of hand or finger) is the nearest available code for a surgical tendon procedure on the hand, but the action semantics differ (fixation vs. repair) and the ICHI target also includes fingers, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>113148007 (Fluid intake encouragement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMG.PN.ZZ (Advising about drinking)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code specifically for "encouraging" fluid intake; SMG.PN.ZZ (Advising about drinking) is the closest functional match, as clinical encouragement of fluid intake is operationalised as advising/motivating the patient about drinking. The SNOMED concept implies a directive supportive action that is slightly more active than advising alone.</td></tr><tr><td>419526001 (Fluoroscopic angiography of aorta with contrast and insertion of stent)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers fluoroscopic angiography of the aorta combined with stent insertion without specifying the aortic segment, while HIH.LH.AF is specific to the abdominal aorta and also implies balloon dilatation (angioplasty) accompanying the stent — making it an approximate but not semantically equivalent match; additionally, ICHI lacks a code for the diagnostic angiography component of this combined procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>710163000 (Fluoroscopic angiography of artery of abdomen with contrast and insertion of stent)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies a combined fluoroscopic angiography with stent insertion into an abdominal artery (non-aortic), which aligns anatomically with IEA (abdominal or pelvic artery) and the stent/device insertion action (LH.AF — percutaneous transluminal); however, ICHI's code also implies angioplasty dilatation, does not explicitly capture the concurrent diagnostic angiography component, and uses "device" rather than "stent" specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>710131006 (Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of extremity with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of upper limb)</td><td>ICHI splits "artery of extremity" into upper limb (ICA.LA.AF) and lower limb (IFA.LA.AF) — there is no single code covering both, so no ICHI code precisely maps to the undifferentiated SNOMED concept "artery of extremity." ICA.LA.AF is chosen as a representative match, but it is only approximate because the SNOMED concept encompasses both upper and lower limb arteries and also specifies fluoroscopy with contrast guidance which ICHI does not encode here.</td></tr><tr><td>711419008 (Fluoroscopy guided nasogastric tube procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)</td><td>A nasogastric tube is placed into the stomach via the nose and oesophagus, and the predominant clinical use is insertion into the stomach (KBF target); however the SNOMED concept is expressed as a generic "procedure" (which could include removal or replacement) rather than specifically insertion, and the fluoroscopic guidance and nasal route are not reflected in the ICHI code, making this an approximate rather than direct match.</td></tr><tr><td>431254004 (Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of mesenteric vein with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEF.JE.AA (Extraction of obstruction of portal vein and branches)</td><td>No ICHI code exists specifically for endovascular obstruction extraction from the mesenteric vein; IEF.JE.AA is the closest available option given the mesenteric veins drain into the portal venous system, but the code targets portal vein and branches and does not specify a percutaneous/endovascular means.</td></tr><tr><td>439864002 (Focused assessment with ultrasonography for trauma)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of peritoneal cavity)</td><td>FAST is a structured point-of-care ultrasound protocol covering peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural windows in trauma patients; KMA.BA.BJ captures the dominant abdominal component but omits the cardiac/pleural windows, making this only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>49704005 (Food intake encouragement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with eating)</td><td>"Food intake encouragement" is a motivational/supportive act, aligning most closely with practical support with eating; the match is inexact because encouragement is primarily communication/motivation, while practical support implies more hands-on assistance.</td></tr><tr><td>182624001 (Free exercises in pool)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.ZZ.BS (Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes)</td><td>PZA.ZZ.BS captures the aquatic/pool setting but implies a passive hydrotherapy modality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies active free exercises performed by the patient in water.</td></tr><tr><td>72314008 (Full thickness graft of skin to mouth)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAZ.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No ICHI code specifically represents a skin graft to the mouth or oral mucosa; KAZ.ML.AA is the closest available code for reconstruction of the oral cavity but does not capture the skin graft nature, autologous source, or full-thickness specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>449241006 (Functional training in use of orthotic device)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAE.PH.ZZ (Training in the use of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)</td><td>ICHI lacks an orthotics-specific code; UAE.PH.ZZ covers training in use of assistive mobility products, the closest match as orthoses primarily support mobility, but it is scoped to mobility/transportation products generally.</td></tr><tr><td>395207007 (Fungal studies)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)</td><td>"Fungal studies" encompasses a broad set of mycological investigations (culture, microscopy, serology, sensitivity testing); XG6201 covers genus/species identification only, capturing the core identification component but not the full breadth of "fungal studies".</td></tr><tr><td>32345002 (Gastrointestinal isotope fat absorption study)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KZZ.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The ICHI code encompasses all nuclear imaging of the GI tract, while the SNOMED concept is a specific functional absorption study using an isotope-labelled fat tracer.</td></tr><tr><td>23225008 (Gastrointestinal protein loss study)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of assimilation functions)</td><td>KTH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of assimilation functions broadly; the SNOMED concept refers to a specific protein loss measurement protocol.</td></tr><tr><td>3063009 (Gastroscopy through artificial stoma)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.AE.AB (Transabdominal gastroscopy)</td><td>Transabdominal gastroscopy aligns with scope insertion via an abdominal wall approach but does not explicitly mean "through an artificial stoma."</td></tr><tr><td>54956002 (Gastrostomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.DL.AC (Insertion of device into stomach)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "creation of gastrostomy" code; KBF.DL.AC covers establishing stomach access with a device. PTA codes relate to managing an existing gastrostomy.</td></tr><tr><td>404639000 (General appraisal of patient weight)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of weight maintenance functions)</td><td>KTN.AA.ZZ frames weight as a functional assessment rather than a straightforward clinical body weight measurement, making it an approximate fit.</td></tr><tr><td>171313004 (Geriatric screening)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment)</td><td>ICHI has no geriatric-specific or age-defined screening code; PZB.AA.ZZ is a comprehensive whole-person assessment but lacks the population-screening intent and elderly-specific scope.</td></tr><tr><td>225071005 (Giving analgesic mouthwash)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.DB.AC (Oral or enteral medication for pain)</td><td>AXA.DB.AC covers oral/enteral analgesic administration but an analgesic mouthwash is a topical mucosal application rather than a swallowed medication; no specific topical oral analgesic code exists.</td></tr><tr><td>225072003 (Giving warm saline mouthwash)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AH (Topical application of pharmacotherapy)</td><td>A warm saline mouthwash is a cleansing/soothing rinse; PZA.DB.AH only loosely fits since saline is not strictly pharmacotherapy and ICHI has no oral rinsing code.</td></tr><tr><td>723946003 (Golimumab therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AE (Percutaneous administration of immunological agent)</td><td>Golimumab is typically given by subcutaneous injection (percutaneous), but ICHI does not name the specific agent and golimumab can also be given intravenously (DTB.DB.AF), making the route-specific match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>349744000 (Graft of skin to skin of external auditory canal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external auditory canal)</td><td>ICHI has no skin-graft-specific code for the external auditory canal; CAE.ML.AA covers all reconstruction techniques, making this an approximate technique-agnostic match.</td></tr><tr><td>73136008 (Graft of skin to skin of lip and mouth)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of lip)</td><td>ICHI has no combined lip-and-mouth skin graft code; KAA.ML.AA covers only the lip component (oral cavity portion would map separately to KAZ.ML.AA), and uses "reconstruction" rather than skin grafting specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>1331959006 (Grafting of bone of thorax)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rib or sternum)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated rib/sternum/thorax bone graft code; MCB.ML.AA covers reconstruction of thoracic cage bones broadly rather than grafting specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>1958001 (Grafting of bone of thumb with transfer of skin flap)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)</td><td>MGB.ML.AA captures the hand-bone graft component but the concurrent skin flap transfer is not represented; ICHI lacks a single combined code for both interventions.</td></tr><tr><td>31455004 (Grafting of vein with synthetic patch, Dacron or Teflon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no code capturing the specific technique of patching a vein with synthetic prosthetic material (Dacron/Teflon); IZE.ML.AA is a non-specific residual code with no information about material type or anatomical location.</td></tr><tr><td>439388005 (Grafting to aorta with shunt bypass)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is unspecified as to which segment of the aorta and combines both grafting and shunt bypass; no single ICHI code captures this composite procedure on an unspecified aortic site.</td></tr><tr><td>228564005 (Guided fantasy technique)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Guided fantasy (guided imagery) is a specific psychotherapeutic technique with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the residual whole-person psychotherapy category and serves as an approximate but imprecise match.</td></tr><tr><td>439269000 (Harvesting of conjunctiva for allograft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of conjunctiva)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "procurement of conjunctiva for graft" code; partial excision of conjunctiva is the closest available procedure, capturing the tissue removal aspect, but it does not encode the graft/allograft purpose.</td></tr><tr><td>430253004 (Health literacy enhancement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VFS.PH.ZZ (Training to influence health literacy)</td><td>"Health literacy enhancement" encompasses training, education, awareness-raising and environmental modification, while VFS.PH.ZZ captures only the training/skills-building modality; VFS.PM.ZZ (education about health literacy) is equally plausible.</td></tr><tr><td>22456006 (Hemovac pump use, care and adjustment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.SN.AE (Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A Hemovac is a closed-suction drain placed in soft tissue postoperatively; LZZ.SN.AE is the closest available ICHI code but is an NEC residual category that does not specifically represent closed-suction drain management.</td></tr><tr><td>448350000 (High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of uterus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.GA.AB (Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus)</td><td>No uterine lesion destruction code with a non-surgical or without-incision approach exists in ICHI — the only lesion-targeted uterus destruction codes specify laparoscopic or radiotherapy means, both incompatible with HIFU; NME.GA.AB is the closest in target and action, but the laparoscopic means axis is semantically incorrect for transcutaneous HIFU delivery.</td></tr><tr><td>265145009 (Hip pin for fixation of epiphysis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.DN.AE (Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur)</td><td>SCFE in situ pinning involves percutaneous insertion of a cannulated screw/pin device into the femoral bone to stabilise the slipped epiphysis, which aligns with this code's axis combination of percutaneous approach and device implantation into the femur. ICHI has no dedicated epiphysis-pinning code, and the conceptually adjacent MLB.LE.AA (Epiphysiodesis of femur) describes a different procedure (growth-plate arrest), making MLB.DN.AE the closest available match.</td></tr><tr><td>72427008 (History and physical examination, follow-up examination for cardiovascular disease)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HT2.AA.ZZ (Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This SNOMED concept describes a follow-up H&P specifically focused on cardiovascular disease, which aligns best with HT2.AA.ZZ. The match is inexact because ICHI focuses on functional cardiovascular assessment rather than a full H&P encounter, and it does not encode the follow-up context or the disease management frame of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>183211003 (Ileostomy bag fitting)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAA.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to trunk)</td><td>An ileostomy bag is an assistive product applied to the trunk, but PAA.DP.AH is generic across all trunk assistive products and does not reflect the stoma-specific or intestinal context.</td></tr><tr><td>708684002 (Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of gallbladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCF.JB.AE (Percutaneous aspiration of gallbladder)</td><td>KCF.JB.AE is the only percutaneous gallbladder fluid-removal code; titled "aspiration" rather than "drainage" and does not capture imaging guidance, so the terminology and modifiers differ.</td></tr><tr><td>234663009 (Implantation into jaw)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAG.DN.AA (Implantation of device into mandible)</td><td>"Jaw" anatomically encompasses both mandible and maxilla, but ICHI only has separate codes for each (MAG mandible, MAF maxilla); MAG.DN.AA captures the most common clinical referent but does not cover maxilla.</td></tr><tr><td>57867007 (Implantation of artificial bladder sphincter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.DN.AA (Implantation of device into urinary bladder)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for artificial urinary sphincter implantation; NAI.DN.AA is the nearest code in the urinary bladder block, though an artificial sphincter is typically placed around the bladder neck or urethra rather than into the bladder wall.</td></tr><tr><td>278854009 (Implantation of hormone implant)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.DL.AA (Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>Hormone implants are typically inserted subcutaneously, but ICHI's code is body-region-specific (trunk) whereas hormone implants are placed in various sites (arm, abdomen), and the code does not convey the pharmacological nature.</td></tr><tr><td>55632008 (Implantation of inert material into urethra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.DB.AD (Endoscopic injection of implant into urethra)</td><td>NAM.DB.AD captures implant delivery into the urethra but specifies endoscopic approach, whereas the SNOMED concept does not restrict to endoscopic technique and implies a surgical implantation.</td></tr><tr><td>112924005 (Implantation of ovary into uterine cavity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMA.LD.AA (Repositioning of ovary)</td><td>Relocating the ovary to an ectopic position within the uterine cavity is conceptually a repositioning/transposition; ICHI's "Repositioning of ovary" is the closest available code but does not capture the specific target destination.</td></tr><tr><td>443741001 (Incision and drainage of cyst)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JB.AA (Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for incision and drainage of a cyst; LZZ.JB.AA covers drainage of skin/subcutaneous tissue without specifying site, an approximate match for generic cyst I&D.</td></tr><tr><td>234315004 (Incision and drainage of cystic hygroma)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFO.JB.AA (Drainage of lymphatic vessel)</td><td>A cystic hygroma is a congenital macrocystic lymphatic malformation; DFO.JB.AA captures the lymphatic target and drainage action but describes drainage of a lymphatic vessel rather than a cystic lymphatic malformation specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>2673004 (Incision and drainage of masticator space by extraoral approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAZ.JB.AC (Drainage of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated masticator space code; the oral cavity NEC drainage code is the closest anatomical match but does not distinguish the extraoral approach nor the combined incision-and-drainage nature of the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>29013009 (Incision and drainage of masticator space by intraoral approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAZ.JB.AC (Drainage of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no masticator-space-specific or approach-specific code; the oral cavity NEC drainage category is the best available approximation, losing both the incision component and the approach distinction.</td></tr><tr><td>363156005 (Incision AND drainage of musculoskeletal system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JB.AA (Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for I&D across the entire musculoskeletal system; ICHI's closest code covers drainage of soft tissue at an unspecified site within the musculoskeletal chapter but misses the incision component and is narrower in target scope.</td></tr><tr><td>128990000 (Incision and drainage of neck)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JB.AA (Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>No specific "neck drainage" code exists in ICHI; the MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) contains only imaging and rehabilitation codes, making the unspecified-site soft tissue drainage code the closest structural equivalent but not capturing the neck target specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>31994009 (Incision and drainage of retropharyngeal abscess by intraoral approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DAA.JB.AA (Open drainage or aspiration of retropharyngeal abscess)</td><td>ICHI's only retropharyngeal abscess drainage code is labelled "open" which typically implies an external approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the transoral (intraoral) route; pathology matches but approach coding is inconsistent.</td></tr><tr><td>78819004 (Incision and drainage of tonsil and peritonsillar structures)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DAA.JB.AC (Drainage of tonsil or peritonsillar structures)</td><td>ICHI has separate codes for incision (DAA.FA.AC) and drainage (DAA.JB.AC) of tonsil/peritonsillar structures; DAA.JB.AC is selected as the primary therapeutic component but neither alone captures the combined "incision and drainage" concept.</td></tr><tr><td>36482008 (Incision and exploration of intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.FA.AA (Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>KBK.FA.AA captures incision of the small intestine, the most common context for enterotomy-with-exploration; however the SNOMED concept "intestine" encompasses both small and large intestine, and no corresponding FA code exists for the large intestine.</td></tr><tr><td>42579000 (Incision and exploration of subcutaneous tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AE.AA (Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This ICHI code explicitly encodes both the open (incision) approach and the exploration of subcutaneous tissue, closely matching the SNOMED concept, though it also includes skin and carries the NEC qualifier making it an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>699131005 (Incision of bone of cranium and repair of intracranial aneurysm using intracranial approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of intracranial artery)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated aneurysm repair or clipping code; the closest is reconstruction of intracranial artery (IAA.ML.AA), which captures the vascular repair component. The SNOMED concept also includes the craniotomy access step (incision of cranium) which is not represented in the ICHI code, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>76359002 (Incision of hematoma of broad ligament)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.FA.AA (Incision of peritoneum)</td><td>The broad ligament of the uterus is a peritoneal fold, and ICHI has no specific code for incision or drainage of a broad ligament hematoma; the closest structural match is incision of peritoneum (KMA.FA.AA), but this does not capture the haematoma drainage purpose or the specific ligament target.</td></tr><tr><td>1231171000 (Incision of maxilla with insertion and adjustment of fixed rapid maxillary expansion appliance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAF.LK.AA (Distraction osteogenesis of maxilla)</td><td>Rapid maxillary expansion performed via a fixed appliance following maxillary osteotomy is a form of distraction osteogenesis; MAF.LK.AA captures the core procedure but does not encode the device insertion/adjustment component, making it an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>112967002 (Incision of posterior segment of eye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCA.FA.AA (Incision of posterior chamber)</td><td>BCA.FA.AA covers incision of the posterior chamber of the eye, which is a structure within the posterior segment but not coextensive with it — the posterior segment also includes the vitreous, retina, choroid, and sclera, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>19214009 (Incision of spinal nerve root)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABN.FB.AA (Division of intraspinal nerve root)</td><td>ICHI has no explicit "incision" (FA action) code for spinal nerve root; the closest assignable code is ABN.FB.AA "Division of intraspinal nerve root," which represents cutting/severing the nerve root — a functionally related but not semantically identical concept.</td></tr><tr><td>360340007 (Incisional biopsy of nerve ganglion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AZZ.AD.AA (Biopsy of nerve, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for biopsy of nerve ganglion in general; while AAN.AD.AA ("Biopsy of cranial nerve or ganglion") mentions ganglion explicitly, it is restricted to cranial structures, whereas the SNOMED concept is not limited to cranial ganglia, making the NEC nerve biopsy code a better — if still imprecise — fit.</td></tr><tr><td>37667001 (Individual preventive medicine education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VE1.PM.ZZ (Education to influence lifestyle behaviours, unspecified)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code for generic individual preventive medicine education; the lifestyle behaviours education code is the closest thematic match for health-promotion education targeting modifiable behavioural risk factors, but is scoped to lifestyle behaviours specifically rather than the full breadth of preventive medicine.</td></tr><tr><td>385820004 (Infection control education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VED.PM.ZZ (Education to influence hygiene behaviours)</td><td>Infection control education encompasses instruction on hygiene, hand washing, isolation precautions, and similar practices, which aligns most closely with education targeting hygiene behaviours, but the ICHI code frames this as influencing personal hygiene behaviour rather than the clinical/institutional infection control education scope.</td></tr><tr><td>164781009 (Inferior vena cava catheterization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIC.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava)</td><td>Catheterization of the inferior vena cava involves inserting a catheter via a percutaneous transluminal route, aligning well with HIC.DL.AF; however, ICHI specifies "percutaneous transluminal" which may not cover all approaches to IVC catheterization (e.g., surgical cutdown).</td></tr><tr><td>745638006 (Injection of anesthetic agent)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve)</td><td>ICHI lacks a body-system-agnostic or unspecified-site anesthetic injection code; ACA.DC.AE (peripheral nerve) is a plausible representative, but the SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any anesthetic injection regardless of site, making any single ICHI code an approximate match at best.</td></tr><tr><td>61186007 (Injection of middle ear)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBB.DB.AC (Injection into tympanic membrane)</td><td>ICHI has no code for injection into the middle ear cavity or middle ear broadly; CBB.DB.AC targets the tympanic membrane specifically, which is a structure of the middle ear complex but not equivalent to the middle ear as a whole. This is an approximate match given the absence of a more precise code.</td></tr><tr><td>66260009 (Injection of prophylactic substance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)</td><td>"Injection of prophylactic substance" is a very broad SNOMED concept encompassing any preventive injection; vaccination (percutaneous route) is the most common and best-represented prophylactic injection in ICHI. However, the ICHI code is narrower in one dimension (specific to vaccines/immunological agents via percutaneous route) while the SNOMED concept is broader, making this an inexact approximation rather than a true equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>73819002 (Injection of vestibule for destruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMI.GA.AA (Destruction of vulva)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes chemical/injection-based destruction specifically of the vestibule (vulval vestibule), whereas NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the entire vulva by any means; the target is broader and the means (injection) is not encoded, making this an approximate but not equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>233407007 (Insertion of abdominal aorta stent)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta)</td><td>HIH.LH.AF is the only ICHI code specifically covering stent insertion into the abdominal aorta and aligns well, but it encodes the procedure as percutaneous transluminal dilatation with stenting (balloon angioplasty + stent), whereas SNOMED refers to stent insertion without mandating dilatation or the percutaneous approach.</td></tr><tr><td>176229009 (Insertion of biethium bean beneath neck of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.ML.AD (Transurethral endoscopic repair of bladder neck with graft or prosthesis)</td><td>A biethium bean is a periurethral prosthetic bulking implant placed to support the bladder neck; NAK.ML.AD is the closest available match conceptually, but specifies a transurethral endoscopic approach and frames the action as repair rather than implantation beneath the bladder neck.</td></tr><tr><td>432875004 (Insertion of drain into neck using ultrasound guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>ICHI's most specific neck drainage code targets only skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a drain into the neck generically (which may include deeper fascial planes); ultrasound guidance is also not encoded.</td></tr><tr><td>427753009 (Insertion of esophageal tracheal double lumen supraglottic airway)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.DL.AC (Insertion of device into larynx)</td><td>No specific ICHI code exists for an esophageal-tracheal double lumen device (Combitube); the closest is insertion of a device into the larynx (the supraglottic region where this device is placed), but the ICHI code is generic and does not reflect the dual-lumen or esophageal component of the device.</td></tr><tr><td>233473005 (Insertion of graft for vascular access)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Insertion of a synthetic or autologous graft to create vascular access (typically for hemodialysis) involves arterial reconstruction/graft interposition, which IZA.ML.AA partially captures; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated vascular access graft creation code, and "reconstruction" is conceptually broader and does not specifically denote the access-creation intent of the SNOMED procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>12253004 (Insertion of graft of aorta with cardiopulmonary bypass)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes aortic graft replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass without specifying the aortic segment; HIH.ML.AA (abdominal aorta reconstruction) or HIG.ML.AA (thoracic descending aorta reconstruction) both partially match the aortic graft component, but neither encodes the cardiopulmonary bypass, and the segment assumed (abdominal) may not align with the actual procedure — making this an approximate match at best.</td></tr><tr><td>177640001 (Insertion of inert substance into skin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DB.AE (Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>LZZ.DB.AE captures injection into skin/subcutaneous tissue but does not specify that the substance is inert (versus a drug or biological agent), and the NEC qualifier reflects it is not body-site specific; it is the closest available ICHI code but is only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>35619007 (Insertion of intravascular device in femoral vein, complete)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb)</td><td>The femoral vein is anatomically a lower limb vein, making IFD the correct anatomical block, but the ICHI action axis "LH" combines dilatation with device insertion whereas the SNOMED concept describes device insertion alone; additionally, ICHI does not encode the "complete" qualifier, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>8238001 (Insertion of intravascular device in femoral vein, partial)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFD.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb)</td><td>Same reasoning as the "complete" variant — IFD captures the lower limb vein anatomy correctly, but the action axis conflates dilatation with insertion and ICHI has no mechanism to express the "partial" placement qualifier present in the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>234805003 (Insertion of maxillofacial prosthesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Maxillofacial prostheses span both internal implants (anchored to facial bone) and external epithetic prostheses (orbital, nasal, auricular), whereas MAB.DN.AA covers only implantation into facial bone; ICHI has no single code capturing the full scope of this SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>103729009 (Insertion of middle ear prosthesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBA.DN.AC (Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The ICHI code captures implantation of an internal device in the middle ear, closely matching the SNOMED concept of prosthesis insertion, but the NEC qualifier indicates ICHI has no dedicated prosthesis code and the "internal device" action axis (DN) covers a broader class of devices than prostheses alone; the ossicle-specific reconstruction code (CBF.ML.AC) is more specific but limited to the ossicular chain, so CBA.DN.AC remains the best overall match.</td></tr><tr><td>29039007 (Insertion of osteogenic pins for bone growth stimulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDB.DN.AH (Noninvasive placement of bone growth stimulator in bone of shoulder region)</td><td>MDB.DN.AH is the only directly named bone growth stimulator code found in ICHI, but it specifies "noninvasive" placement (vs invasive pin insertion) and is restricted to the shoulder region. No invasive, site-unspecified bone growth stimulator code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>51486000 (Insertion of pack into sella turcica)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EAA.DL.AA (Insertion of device into pituitary gland)</td><td>Packing of the sella turcica is performed in the context of pituitary surgery and EAA.DL.AA is the closest available code; however "device" is not equivalent to a surgical pack, and pituitary fossa/sella turcica is the bony structure rather than the gland itself.</td></tr><tr><td>235274003 (Insertion of prosthesis into duodenum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBI.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into duodenum)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for standalone prosthesis/stent insertion into the duodenum; KBI.LH.AD is the closest available code, but it bundles the act with prior dilatation and does not specify a prosthesis specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>235351004 (Insertion of prosthesis into large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.LH.AD (Endoscopic insertion of colonic stent)</td><td>KBP.LH.AD covers endoscopic colonic stent insertion (colon being the main segment of the large intestine), but is restricted to the colon via endoscopic approach and uses "stent" rather than "prosthesis".</td></tr><tr><td>431192008 (Insertion of stent graft into transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEF.LH.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches)</td><td>TIPS stent graft insertion is an endovascular procedure targeting the portal venous system; IEF.LH.AF captures the core procedural elements (percutaneous approach, endovascular device, portal vein target), but does not encode the transjugular/intrahepatic route, stent-graft device type, or fluoroscopic guidance.</td></tr><tr><td>1303537009 (Insertion of stent into urinary tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAE.LH.AD (Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter)</td><td>The SNOMED concept covers stent placement anywhere in the urinary tract (ureter, urethra, renal pelvis, bladder), whereas NAE.LH.AD is specific to the ureter via an endoscopic approach; no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of the urinary tract.</td></tr><tr><td>1351358001 (Insertion of stent suture into aqueous drainage device)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBE.SN.AA (Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for inserting a stent suture into an aqueous drainage implant; BBE.SN.AA covers management of an existing internal device in the anterior chamber, the closest conceptual match, but it is broader and does not encode the stent-suture specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>427507000 (Insertion of therapeutic spacer into joint)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into hip joint)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "joint spacer insertion" code applicable across all joints; MLJ.DN.AA covers device implantation into the hip joint (most common site for therapeutic spacers) but is both site-specific and broader in device type.</td></tr><tr><td>442201003 (Insertion of transobturator tape for female urinary incontinence)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.LC.AC (Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck)</td><td>There is no ICHI code specific to transobturator tape (TOT) or mid-urethral sling procedures; NAK.LC.AC covers transvaginal surgical interventions for female stress urinary incontinence, but the TOT approach targets the mid-urethra via the obturator foramen rather than the bladder neck.</td></tr><tr><td>44194005 (Instillation of antineoplastic agent into urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AD (Intravesical administration of immunological agent)</td><td>This is the only ICHI code that captures intravesical instillation of an anti-tumour agent; however, it specifies "immunological agent" (e.g., BCG), whereas the SNOMED concept covers all antineoplastic agents including cytotoxic chemotherapy.</td></tr><tr><td>287634002 (Intermittent skeletal traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)</td><td>MBZ.LC.AE encodes skeletal traction but restricts it to the spine, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to skeletal traction applied to any bone or body region without site restriction; no site-unspecified skeletal traction code was found in ICHI, and neither code captures the intermittent schedule.</td></tr><tr><td>1331992000 (Internal fixation of bone of thorax)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCB.DN.AA (Implantation of device into bone of thoracic cage)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code explicitly named "internal fixation" for the thoracic cage; MCB.DN.AA is the closest available code, as internal fixation involves implanting a device (nail, plate, or screw) into bone, but the ICHI title covers all implanted devices broadly rather than fixation specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>182513006 (Intestinal intubation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.DL.AC (Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Intestinal intubation (e.g. Miller-Abbott, nasoenteric tube) is a per-orifice insertion of a tube/device into the small intestine, which aligns with KBK.DL.AC; however, ICHI scopes this only to the small intestine and uses the broader "device" concept rather than the specific tube/intubation procedure, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>274379005 (Intestinal scope-stomal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy)</td><td>Stomal endoscopy (endoscopy performed through a colostomy or ileostomy) is the closest procedural match available in ICHI; KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy) represents visual examination of the colon but does not encode the stomal-access route, and ICHI contains no dedicated "endoscopy through stoma" or stomal-scope category, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>180106007 (Intra-articular soft tissue procedure for congenital dislocation of the hip)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLJ.FC.AA (Release of hip joint)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes an open intra-articular soft tissue procedure (such as capsulotomy or ligament release) performed specifically for congenital hip dislocation, which most closely corresponds to MLJ.FC.AA (Release of hip joint, open); however, ICHI does not capture the etiological qualifier (congenital dislocation) or the category of "soft tissue procedure" broadly.</td></tr><tr><td>448987004 (Intraluminal brachytherapy of biliary tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi)</td><td>ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific code for the biliary tract; the closest available code is endoscopic destruction of a lesion of the biliary duct, which captures the target anatomy and destructive intent of intraluminal brachytherapy but does not specify the radiotherapeutic means.</td></tr><tr><td>449155008 (Intraluminal brachytherapy of esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific (GA.BA) code for the oesophagus; KBA.GA.AA captures the correct target (oesophagus) and the destructive action category but does not encode the intraluminal brachytherapy means.</td></tr><tr><td>448167001 (Intraluminal brachytherapy of rectum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.GA.AC (Destruction of rectal lesion or tissue)</td><td>ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific code for the rectum; KBW.GA.AC is the best available match, correctly targeting the rectum with a destruction action, but the intraluminal brachytherapy technique (radiotherapy via means axis) is absent from ICHI's rectum intervention block.</td></tr><tr><td>7414004 (Intraoperative transluminal aortic angioplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI has separate codes for abdominal aorta, descending thoracic aorta, and aortic arch but no single unspecified-segment aorta dilatation code; HIH.LG.AF is selected as the most clinically common site (infrarenal/abdominal), but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and the ICHI code commits to a specific segment.</td></tr><tr><td>79945003 (Intrathecal injection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.DB.AE (Injection into spinal canal)</td><td>The intrathecal space (subarachnoid space within the dural sac) is anatomically contained within the spinal canal, so ABG.DB.AE is the closest available code. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers the entire spinal canal rather than specifically the intrathecal compartment.</td></tr><tr><td>287952000 (Intrauterine fetal defect correction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMR.MK.AB (Endoscopic repair of fetal or embryonic structure)</td><td>The closest ICHI option is endoscopic repair of fetal or embryonic structure; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (defect correction without specifying endoscopic approach). No open or percutaneous fetal repair/correction code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>314424004 (Introduction of tension free vaginal tape)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.LC.AC (Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck)</td><td>TVT is a transvaginal mid-urethral synthetic tape/sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence; NAK.LC.AC captures the transvaginal approach and bladder neck/urethral suspension purpose, but TVT targets the mid-urethra (not the bladder neck) and involves implantation of a mesh tape rather than a simple suspension stitch.</td></tr><tr><td>53496003 (Irrigation of nasal sinus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAE.JB.AE (Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>JAE.JB.AE explicitly includes lavage of the paranasal sinus, but it is coupled with puncture/aspiration as the primary action whereas the SNOMED concept focuses solely on irrigation/lavage without implying a puncture approach.</td></tr><tr><td>228562009 (Jacobson technique)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MUC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for muscle tone functions)</td><td>The Jacobson technique (progressive muscle relaxation) involves systematic tensing and releasing of muscle groups; MUC.PG.ZZ covers exercise-based interventions on muscle tone functions, aligning with the mechanism, but ICHI does not specifically represent relaxation training.</td></tr><tr><td>431400003 (Jejunostomy using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LI.AJ (Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy)</td><td>Both describe percutaneous creation of a jejunostomy, but the SNOMED concept specifies fluoroscopic guidance while ICHI specifies percutaneous endoscopic technique; the guidance modality differs.</td></tr><tr><td>431338000 (Kyphoplasty of fracture of cervical spine using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Kyphoplasty (balloon-assisted vertebral augmentation) is closely related but distinct from vertebroplasty; the ICHI code is anatomically unspecified and does not capture cervical spine or fluoroscopic guidance.</td></tr><tr><td>431198007 (Kyphoplasty of fracture of lumbar spine using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Same reasoning as the cervical variant — ICHI lacks a kyphoplasty-specific code, no lumbar-specific vertebral augmentation code, and fluoroscopic guidance is not encoded.</td></tr><tr><td>431741007 (Kyphoplasty of fracture of thoracic spine using fluoroscopic guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.ML.AE (Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Same reasoning as the cervical and lumbar variants — ICHI lacks a kyphoplasty-specific code, a thoracic-specific vertebral augmentation code, or fluoroscopic guidance specification.</td></tr><tr><td>1255832001 (Laparoscopic anorectoplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.ML.AB (Laparoscopic reconstruction of rectum)</td><td>Anorectoplasty involves combined rectal and anal reconstruction (often for malformations); KBW.ML.AB covers only laparoscopic rectal reconstruction and omits the anal component.</td></tr><tr><td>446844009 (Laparoscopic decortication of cyst of kidney)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of kidney)</td><td>Decortication of a renal cyst (cyst-wall excision) functionally maps to local excision of a kidney lesion, but ICHI has no laparoscopic variant and no decortication-specific code.</td></tr><tr><td>440183002 (Laparoscopic drainage of lymphocele to peritoneal cavity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFO.JB.AB (Laparoscopic drainage of lymphatic vessel)</td><td>No ICHI code represents drainage of a lymphocele into the peritoneal cavity; DFO.JB.AB is the closest laparoscopic lymphatic drainage code but refers to the vessel rather than a postsurgical fluid collection.</td></tr><tr><td>782968005 (Laparoscopic pectopexy using synthetic mesh)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.LC.AB (Laparoscopic uterine suspension)</td><td>Pectopexy is a specific mesh-based suspension fixing ligaments to the pectineal ligament; ICHI has no dedicated pectopexy code, and uterine-suspension does not capture the mesh technique or pectineal fixation.</td></tr><tr><td>782717002 (Laparoscopic pectopexy with fixation of cervical stump using mesh)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.LC.AB (Laparoscopic uterine suspension)</td><td>No ICHI code for pectopexy; uterine suspension is the closest available match but does not capture cervical-stump specificity or mesh technique.</td></tr><tr><td>72791001 (Laryngectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.JJ.AA (Partial laryngectomy)</td><td>"Laryngectomy" as a general SNOMED concept spans partial, complete, and radical laryngectomy, all of which have distinct ICHI codes (JAN.JJ.AA, JAN.JK.AA, JAN.JL.AA); no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of the unspecified SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>397816000 (Laser ablation of esophageal lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus)</td><td>KBA.GA.AD captures the clinical intent well — laser ablation of an oesophageal lesion is performed endoscopically — but ICHI does not specify the means as laser, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>1295182004 (Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis of left eye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cornea)</td><td>LASIK involves laser reshaping of the corneal stroma, which aligns most closely with partial excision of cornea; ICHI has no specific code for laser refractive surgery, and the left-eye laterality can be captured via an extension code (&XCA4).</td></tr><tr><td>1295183009 (Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis of right eye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBB.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cornea)</td><td>Same rationale as left-eye LASIK — BBB.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code for corneal laser reshaping; right-eye laterality can be represented with the extension code &XCA3.</td></tr><tr><td>84267003 (Hysterotomy with removal of foreign body)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus)</td><td>NME.JD.AA captures the core clinical intent (foreign body removal from uterus) but does not encode the hysterotomy as the approach; the SNOMED concept bundles incision and removal.</td></tr><tr><td>229580007 (Ice therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SE.AH (Hypothermy for pain)</td><td>AXA.SE.AH is the closest code, representing application of cold/hypothermy as a therapeutic modality, but it is scoped specifically to pain management while ice therapy may also target inflammation or swelling.</td></tr><tr><td>386347009 (Learning readiness enhancement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ATE.PH.ZZ (Training of intellectual functions)</td><td>ICHI has no concept for "learning readiness enhancement" as a patient-preparatory intervention; ATE.PH.ZZ targets the same cognitive domain and involves a facilitative action but is about direct training rather than optimising readiness to learn.</td></tr><tr><td>49945009 (Lengthening of muscle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.FA.AA (Myotomy of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated muscle-lengthening code at unspecified site; myotomy (muscle incision/division) is the surgical basis for lengthening but does not fully capture the elongation intent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>232889006 (Lengthening operation on atrioventricular valve papillary muscle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HDF.MK.AA (Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)</td><td>ICHI has no code specific to papillary muscle lengthening; HDF.MK.AA is the closest available code as the papillary muscles are part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus, but is broader and valve-specific (mitral only) whereas SNOMED covers any AV valve.</td></tr><tr><td>1156701004 (Liaising with healthcare provider about electrolyte therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)</td><td>No ICHI code captures collaboration specifically about electrolyte therapy; UCK.TD.ZZ encodes collaboration with a health professional but loses the specific electrolyte-therapy subject matter.</td></tr><tr><td>1156700003 (Liaising with healthcare provider about fluid therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UCK.TD.ZZ (Collaboration relating to support from health professionals)</td><td>No ICHI code covers inter-professional communication specifically about fluid therapy; UCK.TD.ZZ represents the closest available match (collaboration with a health professional) but does not encode the fluid-therapy topic.</td></tr><tr><td>443402002 (Lifestyle education regarding hypertension)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ITA.PH.ZZ (Training in relation to blood pressure functions)</td><td>There is no ICHI education code specifically for blood pressure, so ITA.PH.ZZ (training in relation to blood pressure functions) is the closest available code; it captures the blood pressure / hypertension target but uses "training" rather than "education" as the action, and hypertension management education is only one aspect of blood pressure function interventions.</td></tr><tr><td>90010006 (Ligation of blood vessel)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.LA.AA (Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Ligation is a specific surgical technique for occluding a vessel, and ICHI's "Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified" captures the intent (permanent closure of a blood vessel) at an unspecified location, but the action axis LA (occlusion) is broader than ligation specifically and the means axis AA (open) does not fully encode the ligation technique as a distinct method.</td></tr><tr><td>2393003 (Ligation of vein of lower limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFD.LA.AA (Occlusion of lower limb vein)</td><td>IFD.LA.AA covers occlusion of lower limb vein at the same anatomical level, and ligation is a method of occlusion; however, the ICHI code uses the broader action "occlusion" (LA axis) rather than specifying ligation as the technique, so the match is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>29867004 (Ligation of vein of upper limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICD.LA.AA (Occlusion of vein of upper limb)</td><td>ICD.LA.AA matches the anatomical target (upper limb vein) and the functional result (occlusion), but ligation as a specific surgical technique is subsumed under the broader LA (occlusion) action axis, making this an approximate rather than exact semantic match.</td></tr><tr><td>90197008 (Lip shave)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of lip)</td><td>A lip shave (vermilionectomy) is the surgical removal of the vermilion surface of the lip, which is functionally a local excision of lip tissue/lesion; ICHI has no dedicated code for vermilionectomy, and "local excision of lesion of lip" is the closest available concept but does not capture the full-surface shaving nature of the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>713163001 (Lithotripsy of biliary stone using laser by open approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.GA.BJ (Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the bile duct)</td><td>ICHI has only one lithotripsy code for the bile duct (KCM.GA.BJ), which encodes extracorporeal shockwave as the means (BJ = ultrasound/shockwave), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies laser energy via open approach — a fundamentally different technique and access method; the target (bile duct) matches, but the means axis differs materially.</td></tr><tr><td>77738002 (Local chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AE (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated chemotherapy or antineoplastic code; PZA.DB.AE is the closest approximation for local/regional chemotherapy delivery, but it is both broader (any pharmacotherapy, any indication) and imprecise about the "local" delivery context.</td></tr><tr><td>698977005 (Local myocutaneous flap to head)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)</td><td>ICHI encodes reconstruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue to the head/neck region with extension code XG1UU3 (Local flap) available, but the base code covers skin grafts broadly rather than specifically myocutaneous (composite muscle+skin) pedicle flaps.</td></tr><tr><td>304100006 (Local transposition flap - axial pattern)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.ML.AA (Skin graft, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for axial-pattern transposition flaps; the closest available code covers skin reconstruction/graft procedures not elsewhere classified, and the extension code XG1UU3 (Local flap) can add partial context, but neither the axial vascular pattern nor the transposition technique is captured.</td></tr><tr><td>176454007 (Lord's operation for hydrocele)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis)</td><td>Lord's operation is plication of the tunica vaginalis for hydrocele, and NGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis) is the closest ICHI match since no dedicated hydrocele repair or tunica vaginalis plication code exists.</td></tr><tr><td>306824002 (Low power laser therapy to back)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk)</td><td>ICHI has no specific low-level laser therapy code; LAB.SC.AH (phototherapy to trunk) is the closest match but covers a broader range of phototherapies to the whole trunk rather than the back specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>306816007 (Low power laser therapy to face)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.SC.AH (Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck)</td><td>LAA.SC.AH is the best available match since the face is within the head/neck region; however, it is broader (whole head and neck, any phototherapy modality) than the specific SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>405296008 (Lower limb sympathectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADD.JK.AA (Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve)</td><td>Lower limb sympathectomy is achieved by excising the lumbar sympathetic chain; ICHI organises sympathectomy by spinal level rather than functional limb territory and does not distinguish partial from total excision.</td></tr><tr><td>229318008 (Lumbar traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBM.PB.AH (Mobilisation of lumbar spine)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated traction code; mobilisation of the lumbar spine is the closest available concept, but traction and mobilisation are distinct physiotherapy techniques.</td></tr><tr><td>416553003 (Lymphatic pump)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCS.PC.ZZ (Massage of soft tissue of trunk)</td><td>The lymphatic pump is an osteopathic manual rhythmic compression of the chest to stimulate lymph flow; no ICHI code exists, and trunk soft tissue massage is the closest available concept.</td></tr><tr><td>107998002 (Lymphatic system endoscopy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated endoscopy code for lymphatic structures; the generic assessment category captures the diagnostic intent but not the endoscopic approach.</td></tr><tr><td>438601000 (Lysis of adhesions of anterior segment of eye using laser)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBC.FC.AA (Release of iris)</td><td>ICHI has no code for release of anterior segment adhesions broadly; BBC.FC.AA is closest because anterior segment synechiae most commonly involve the iris, but does not capture the laser technique.</td></tr><tr><td>29211002 (Lysis of adhesions of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGL.FC.AA (Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)</td><td>ICHI offers several structure-specific release codes for the hand (joint, tendon, ligament/fascia, muscle) but no single code covering adhesiolysis of the hand non-specifically; MGL.FC.AA is the closest approximation since fascial adhesions are most common.</td></tr><tr><td>35371005 (Lysis of adhesions of pharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.FC.AA (Release of oral pharyngeal adhesions)</td><td>KAR.FC.AA is scoped specifically to the oral pharynx (oropharynx), while the SNOMED concept refers to the pharynx broadly (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx); no ICHI code covers the full pharynx for adhesion release.</td></tr><tr><td>86061008 (Lysis of adhesions of ureter, intraluminal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAE.FC.AA (Release of periureteral adhesions)</td><td>NAE.FC.AA covers release of periureteral (external/surrounding) adhesions, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies an intraluminal endoscopic approach to adhesions within the ureteral lumen — a meaningfully different anatomical context.</td></tr><tr><td>56897006 (Major thoracotomy with removal of intrapulmonary foreign body)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBF.FA.AA (Incision of lung)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for removal of a foreign body from lung parenchyma; the closest available code is "Incision of lung" (open approach), which represents the surgical access required for intrapulmonary foreign body removal but does not encode the purpose of the procedure. A thoracotomy with removal of intrapulmonary foreign body would typically involve a lung incision, making this an approximate but incomplete match.</td></tr><tr><td>310488007 (Male sterilization using silicon plug)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGD.DL.AA (Insertion of valve in vas deferens)</td><td>Both procedures involve placing an intraluminal occlusive device into the vas deferens to prevent sperm transport; ICHI uses the term "valve" while the SNOMED concept specifies a silicon plug, which is a functionally analogous but structurally different device. The match is inexact because a plug and a valve differ in design and reversibility intent, though both target the same anatomical site with the same therapeutic goal.</td></tr><tr><td>385914001 (Management of care of pressure injury)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LTC.LD.ZZ (Positioning to protect skin functions)</td><td>Pressure injury care is a multicomponent intervention (positioning, wound dressing, debridement, etc.) and ICHI has no single code for it; LTC.LD.ZZ captures the key preventive/protective positioning element that is central to pressure injury management, but does not represent the full scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>58941000087108 (Management of loneliness)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SSG.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for engaging in informal social relationships)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "management of loneliness" code; SSG.RC.ZZ targets the informal social relationship domain most closely associated with loneliness and represents the emotional support intervention most commonly deployed in its management, but it is neither a full semantic equivalent nor a clean broader/narrower match.</td></tr><tr><td>53341005 (Manipulation of displaced nasal septum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for manipulation or closed reduction of the nasal septum specifically; MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose) is the closest available code, representing non-surgical mechanical repositioning of nasal structures, but its target is the nasal bone (MAE) rather than the septum (JAB), and the septoplasty code (JAB.ML.AC) implies surgical repair rather than manipulation.</td></tr><tr><td>120227000 (Manipulation of forearm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of forearm)</td><td>ICHI encodes forearm manipulation primarily as closed reduction (MFB.LD.AH), which captures the dominant clinical meaning of manual forearm manipulation (fracture reduction without incision). There is no generic "manipulation of forearm" code in ICHI, and the match is approximate since the SNOMED concept could also refer to non-fracture manipulation (e.g., mobilisation or repositioning).</td></tr><tr><td>178789004 (Manipulation of spine using traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LC.AE (Direct or skeletal traction to the spine)</td><td>MBZ.LC.AE captures spinal traction well, but the SNOMED concept frames the primary action as spinal manipulation delivered via traction, whereas ICHI classifies traction to the spine under action LC (immobilisation/traction) rather than PA (manipulation); closely related but the primary action axis differs.</td></tr><tr><td>177194007 (Manual dilation of cervix)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMF.LG.AC (Dilatation of cervical canal)</td><td>NMF.LG.AC covers the same anatomical target (cervix uteri / cervical canal) and action (dilatation), but it does not encode the "manual" means — the means axis (.AC = transvaginal approach) specifies route, not instrument, and ICHI has no dedicated manual qualifier for this procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>90775002 (Manual reduction of closed fracture of hyoid bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AH (Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has a dedicated hyoid block (MAH) but contains no closed reduction code for the hyoid; the closest available code is the unspecified-site closed reduction, which captures the action and approach correctly but loses all anatomical specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>708588008 (Marsupialization of abscess of nasopharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAM.JI.AC (Local excision of lesion of nasal pharynx)</td><td>ICHI has no code for marsupialization of the nasopharynx; local excision of a lesion of the nasal pharynx is the closest available code targeting the same anatomical site, but marsupialization is a distinct technique from excision.</td></tr><tr><td>236824002 (Marsupialization of Bartholin's abscess)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMI.JB.AA (Drainage of vulva)</td><td>ICHI has no specific Bartholin gland intervention code; drainage of vulva is the closest match given the same anatomical region and shared drainage intent, but the marsupialization technique is more specific than generic drainage.</td></tr><tr><td>234064002 (Marsupialization of cerebral lesion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of brain)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for marsupialization of a cerebral lesion; local excision of lesion of brain is the closest available code at the correct anatomical target, but the action does not precisely capture the marsupialization technique.</td></tr><tr><td>32606000 (Marsupialization of cyst of brain)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of brain)</td><td>Marsupialization of a brain cyst is functionally distinct from complete excision, and ICHI contains no specific code for this technique on intracranial cysts; AAA.JI.AA is the best available match given the same anatomical target.</td></tr><tr><td>232173006 (Mastoid operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CDA.JK.AC (Total mastoidectomy)</td><td>"Mastoid operation" is an imprecise grouping term that could refer to any procedure on the mastoid sinus; total mastoidectomy is the most prototypical mastoid operation, but the SNOMED concept is not semantically specific enough.</td></tr><tr><td>716150004 (Measurement of segmental blood pressure of artery of limb using Doppler ultrasonography)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFA.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of artery of lower limb)</td><td>IFA.BA.BJ captures the Doppler ultrasound of a limb artery, but ICHI does not have a dedicated code for segmental blood pressure measurement specifically; the SNOMED concept is a pressure measurement technique using Doppler, while IFA.BA.BJ is a general ultrasound imaging code for that artery territory.</td></tr><tr><td>410143001 (Medical regimen orders assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAC.AA.ZZ (Assessment of medications)</td><td>UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications, but the SNOMED concept is broader, potentially encompassing non-pharmacological regimen components (diet, activity); the ICHI code is the closest available assessable entity.</td></tr><tr><td>410145008 (Medical regimen orders management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAC.RG.ZZ (Providing services in relation to medications)</td><td>No ICHI code for managing or ordering a medical regimen as a whole exists; UAC.RG.ZZ is the closest service-oriented intervention but does not capture regimen ordering management nor non-pharmacological components.</td></tr><tr><td>447972007 (Medical termination of pregnancy using prostaglandin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.DB.AC (Termination of pregnancy by oral medication)</td><td>Prostaglandin-mediated termination is pharmacological, making NME.DB.AC the closest ICHI match; however, prostaglandins can also be administered vaginally or by injection, so the ICHI code does not fully capture route specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>386358000 (Medication administration: intravenous)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.DB.AF (Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated intravenous pharmacotherapy code; AF (percutaneous transluminal) encodes intravascular delivery but is primarily used for arterial/lumenal procedures and is only an approximate fit for IV drug administration.</td></tr><tr><td>395170001 (Medication monitoring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VAD.AM.ZZ (Observation of pharmaceutical use behaviours)</td><td>ICHI uses observation as its closest equivalent to monitoring within pharmaceutical use behaviours, but VAD frames this as a health-related behaviour intervention rather than clinical therapeutic drug monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td>409024003 (Medication monitoring assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VAD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of pharmaceutical use behaviours)</td><td>VAD.AA.ZZ combines an assessment action with the pharmaceutical use behaviours target, aligning with a medication monitoring assessment, but sits in the health-related behaviours chapter and frames the act as a behaviour assessment.</td></tr><tr><td>410230008 (Mental health screening education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VDB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence screening behaviours)</td><td>VDB.PM.ZZ represents education aimed at influencing health screening behaviours, which aligns with mental health screening education as a public health activity. The match is inexact because ICHI targets the behaviour of screening uptake rather than education about mental health conditions per se, and does not specify the mental health domain.</td></tr><tr><td>4804005 (Microbial identification test)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG6201 (Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi)</td><td>XG6201 captures the core concept of microorganism identification (genus and species level for bacteria and fungi) and is the closest ICHI match; however, it is narrower in taxonomic scope than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all microorganisms including viruses and parasites, not just bacteria and fungi.</td></tr><tr><td>386555003 (Middle ear reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBA.MK.AC (Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>CBA.MK.AC covers unspecified middle ear repair; "reconstruction" in SNOMED implies more substantial rebuilding (e.g., ossiculoplasty/tympanoplasty), so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>1259023009 (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SDJ.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands)</td><td>MBSR is a structured mindfulness-based group programme for stress; ICHI does not distinguish mindfulness modalities from other psychotherapy, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>370868000 (Mobility deficit education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SJA.PM.ZZ (Education about walking)</td><td>Closest education code within the mobility block; the SNOMED concept covers all mobility-deficit education while the ICHI code is restricted to walking.</td></tr><tr><td>370867005 (Mobility deficit therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SJA.PH.ZZ (Training in walking)</td><td>Most representative ICHI category for therapeutic mobility intervention; mobility therapy may also include gait, transfer, and other modalities, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>410348002 (Mobility/transfers case management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)</td><td>Captures the care-coordination action at whole-person level; ICHI has no code linking case management specifically to the mobility/transfers domain.</td></tr><tr><td>410400002 (Mobility/transfers surveillance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SJA.AM.ZZ (Observation of walking)</td><td>Closest surveillance-like action within the mobility domain; SNOMED also encompasses transfer surveillance, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>442079009 (Monitoring of esophageal impedance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.AI.AC (Oesophageal pH monitoring)</td><td>KBA.AI.AC is the only oesophageal monitoring code in ICHI and shares the same anatomical target, monitoring action, and orifice approach; however, it specifies pH measurement rather than impedance, which is a distinct physiological parameter used to detect bolus transit and reflux independent of acidity.</td></tr><tr><td>278010004 (MRI guided removal of foreign body)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JD.AA & XG4HX8 (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified [& Magnetic resonance imaging guided])</td><td>ICHI has no single dedicated code for MRI-guided removal of a foreign body regardless of body site; the closest representation combines a residual skin/subcutaneous removal code with the MRI-guided extension modifier (XG4HX8), but the body-site axis is unspecified in the SNOMED concept while the ICHI code presumes integumentary tissue, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>698759007 (Mucolytic drug therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JZZ.DB.AC (Oral administration of pharmaceutical for respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Mucolytics are respiratory pharmaceuticals administered to break down mucus, most commonly by the oral or inhaled route, and JZZ.DB.AC is the only ICHI code for administering a respiratory pharmaceutical. However, the ICHI code is restricted to oral route and the NEC qualifier indicates it is a residual category, making this an approximate rather than precise match.</td></tr><tr><td>782671000000103 (Multidisciplinary care management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)</td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ "Case coordination" is conceptually aligned with multidisciplinary care management, both involving organised, cross-provider management of an individual's care. The match is inexact rather than wider because care management implies an ongoing, active management role whereas case coordination in ICHI has a narrower connotation of logistical coordination; neither is a full superset of the other.</td></tr><tr><td>363208009 (Musculoskeletal system biopsy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.AD.AA (Biopsy of muscle of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no single aggregating code for musculoskeletal system biopsy; separate codes exist for biopsy of bone, joint, soft tissue, and muscle at unspecified sites. MRM.AD.AA is the best single representative but covers only muscle, making it an inexact match for the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses all musculoskeletal tissue types.</td></tr><tr><td>119572000 (Musculoskeletal system closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.MK.AA (Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no code explicitly titled "closure of musculoskeletal system structure"; closure in ICHI is predominantly used for fistulas, ostomies, and cardiovascular defects. Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site (MRS.MK.AA) is the closest structural analogue — repair/closure are semantically overlapping in surgical contexts — but it covers only soft tissue rather than the full musculoskeletal system, making it an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>363214002 (Musculoskeletal system paracentesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>Paracentesis in the musculoskeletal context refers to aspiration/drainage of fluid (typically synovial fluid from a joint), and percutaneous drainage of a joint at an unspecified site is the closest ICHI match; however the SNOMED concept encompasses the entire musculoskeletal system (including bursa, bone cysts, etc.) making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>178835005 (Myeloscopy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.AE.AA (Exploration of spinal canal)</td><td>Myeloscopy is endoscopic visualisation of the spinal canal (intrathecal endoscopy), and ABG.AE.AA covers the same anatomical target and investigative intent, but the ICHI code uses a general "exploration" action with an open means rather than explicitly encoding endoscopic visualisation; the match is therefore approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>70627009 (Myocardial resection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBA.JJ.AA (Excision of left ventricular tissue)</td><td>Myocardial resection (classically the Dor procedure or septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) involves removal of a portion of myocardial tissue, and HBA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code covering excision of ventricular myocardial tissue; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the full range of myocardial resection procedures, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>83658004 (Nasoenteric tube maintenance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.KA.AC (Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A nasoenteric tube is passed nasally into the small intestine, and KBK.KA.AC covers replacement/maintenance of a tube device at the small intestine level via natural orifice; however, "maintenance" in SNOMED encompasses ongoing care (flushing, position checks, etc.) beyond just replacement, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>736165005 (Nasogastric tube care management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.KA.AC (Replacement of gastric device)</td><td>A nasogastric tube terminates in the stomach, and KBF.KA.AC is the closest ICHI code addressing management of a gastric device; however, it specifically denotes replacement rather than the broader ongoing care management (positioning, flushing, monitoring) implied by the SNOMED concept, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>241382009 (Non-imaging thyroid uptake test)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBA.BA.BE (Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies)</td><td>EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radioisotope function studies, which includes radioiodine uptake measurement, but the title also encompasses thyroid scans (which are imaging procedures), whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly excludes imaging. The match is approximate but remains the best available code in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>119705002 (Nose excision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of nose)</td><td>ICHI offers several nose excision codes — JAA.JI.AA (local excision of lesion), JAA.JJ.AA (partial excision), and JAA.JN.AA (resection/total excision) — but no single code captures the SNOMED grouper concept "Nose excision" which spans all of these. JAA.JJ.AA is selected as the most representative intermediate option, though the mapping is inherently approximate given the SNOMED concept's role as a parent category.</td></tr><tr><td>14545007 (Obliteration of maxillary sinus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAF.MK.AA (Repair of maxillary sinus)</td><td>ICHI has no obliteration code for the maxillary sinus; the closest code is JAF.MK.AA (Repair of maxillary sinus), which shares the same target but uses the broader MK (repair) action axis rather than the specific LA (obliteration) action. The frontal sinus has an explicit obliteration code but ICHI does not encode an equivalent for the maxillary sinus.</td></tr><tr><td>14538007 (Obliteration of sacral meningocele)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABC.MK.AA (Repair of spinal meninges)</td><td>ICHI has no code for meningocele obliteration or sacral-specific meningeal procedures; ABC.MK.AA is the closest match, covering repair of the spinal meninges generally, but does not specify the sacral level or the obliteration technique.</td></tr><tr><td>59031000087109 (Observational assessment of caregiver behavior)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEJ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of parenting behaviours)</td><td>ICHI has no code for observational assessment of a caregiver broadly; VEJ.AA.ZZ targets parenting behaviours specifically, which overlaps with caregiver behaviour but is narrower (parenting only) and uses "assessment" rather than "observational assessment".</td></tr><tr><td>235574004 (Occlusion of biliary fistula)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.MK.AA (Repair of bile duct)</td><td>ICHI has no specific "occlusion" or "closure of biliary fistula" code — the only biliary-fistula-adjacent code is repair of bile duct (KCM.MK.AA), which covers a broader range of bile duct repair procedures. The action (occlusion/closure of a fistulous tract) and the target (biliary fistula vs. bile duct generally) are both approximate rather than exact matches.</td></tr><tr><td>233041009 (Open atrial fenestration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.FA.AA (Incision of atrial septum)</td><td>"Open atrial fenestration" refers to surgically creating an opening in the atrial septum (e.g., Blalock-Hanlon procedure), which is conceptually the same operation as incision of the atrial septum in ICHI; the match is inexact rather than equivalent because ICHI's term implies a simple incision while fenestration denotes deliberate creation of a communication.</td></tr><tr><td>450649000 (Open embolization of artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI encodes all artery embolization procedures as endovascular (means .AF); no open surgical embolization of a generic artery exists as a distinct code. IZA.LA.AA captures the open approach (means AA) and occlusion/ligation action (LA) on an unspecified artery, making it the closest structural match, though "occlusion" is broader than embolization specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>174866007 (Open enlargement of atrial septal defect)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.FA.AA (Incision of atrial septum)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "enlargement of atrial septal defect" category; open surgical enlargement of an ASD is achieved by incision of the atrial septum (atrioseptotomy), making HAD.FA.AA the best match with the correct open approach (means AA) and atrial septum target. The ICHI code captures the operative technique but not the specific intent of enlarging a pre-existing defect.</td></tr><tr><td>177955007 (Open instillation of sclerosing substance into peritoneal cavity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.DB.AE (Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity)</td><td>KMA.DB.AE covers injection/instillation into the peritoneal cavity, which matches the target and action, but it is coded as percutaneous (AE means) rather than open, and does not specify a sclerosing agent. The open surgical approach and the specific sclerosing substance are both unrepresented, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>174250002 (Open laser destruction of lesion of rectum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum)</td><td>ICHI only provides a destruction code for rectum via endoscopic approach (AD means), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies open laser destruction. No open-approach destruction code for rectum exists in ICHI, so the approach axis is a mismatch, and the laser instrument is also not captured; the best available code is therefore only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>173728007 (Open laser destruction of lesion of stomach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.GA.AD (Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach)</td><td>As with the rectum, ICHI only provides a destruction code for stomach via endoscopic approach (AD means), while the SNOMED concept specifies open laser destruction. No open-approach destruction code for stomach exists in ICHI, and the laser instrument is not separately encoded; this is therefore only an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>240294007 (Open operation for fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCX.MK.AA (Repair of diaphragm)</td><td>MCX.MK.AA captures open repair of the diaphragm (means axis AA = open) but does not encode the fetal context or the congenital hernia aetiology; ICHI has no dedicated code for fetal diaphragmatic hernia repair, making this an approximate match that loses the fetal/congenital specificity of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>438494009 (Open osteochondral allograft transplantation to knee)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MMC.KD.AA (Transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint)</td><td>MMC.KD.AA is the only open-approach transplantation code at the knee cartilage level in ICHI, but it specifies chondrocyte cell transplantation (a cellular graft), whereas an osteochondral allograft is a structural composite of bone and cartilage from a donor — a related but mechanistically distinct procedure with no dedicated ICHI category.</td></tr><tr><td>281823006 (Open reduction of dislocated arthroplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of a joint at an unspecified site, which aligns with the open reduction action on an unspecified joint, but ICHI does not represent the arthroplasty/prosthesis context (i.e., that the dislocation involves an implanted joint replacement rather than a native joint).</td></tr><tr><td>609246008 (Open reduction of fracture of bone of spine with internal fixation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI captures open reduction of a vertebra (correct anatomical region), but the "with internal fixation" component of the SNOMED concept is not represented in any single ICHI code, and MBZ is a residual NEC category covering vertebral sites not specified elsewhere.</td></tr><tr><td>23897002 (Open reduction of fracture of orbit)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit)</td><td>ICHI classifies orbital interventions under the visual system (BAM block) rather than the musculoskeletal facial bone section, and has no dedicated "open reduction of orbit" code. BAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit) is the closest match but uses broader repair terminology and does not specify an open surgical approach or fracture reduction.</td></tr><tr><td>608867005 (Open reduction of fracture of orbit with insertion of implant into bone of orbit)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit)</td><td>BAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit) best captures the compound nature of this procedure — fracture reduction plus implant insertion into the orbital bone constitutes orbital reconstruction. It is still an inexact match because the open reduction and specific implant insertion detail are not explicitly encoded.</td></tr><tr><td>450710009 (Open repair of extraarticular ligament)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNL.FA.AA (Incision of ligament or fascia of lower leg)</td><td>ICHI has no code for open repair of an unspecified extraarticular ligament; the lower leg ligament block contains only incision and division codes with no repair/reconstruction equivalent, making any mapping approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>73171008 (Operation for anti-incontinence)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any surgical anti-incontinence operation, whereas NAK.LC.AA captures only bladder neck suspension — the most common open surgical anti-incontinence approach.</td></tr><tr><td>239228006 (Operation on lesion of bursa)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated bursa target with procedure codes; bursa-related interventions fall under the soft tissue classification. MRS.JI.AA is the closest approximation, but it is both too narrow (implying excision only, not all operations) and too broad in target (soft tissue generally, not bursa specifically), making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>239217007 (Operation on lesion of fascia)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has site-specific "local excision of lesion of ligament or fascia" codes (e.g. MDL.JI.AA for shoulder, MEL.JI.AA for elbow) but no unspecified-site fascia lesion excision code, and no generic "operation on lesion of fascia" grouper. MRS.JI.AA is the closest available code, but it applies to soft tissue broadly rather than fascia specifically and implies excision rather than any operation.</td></tr><tr><td>233037005 (Operation to close an interatrial communication)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HAD.ML.AA (Closure of interatrial communication with patch or device)</td><td>HAD.ML.AA is the closest single ICHI code for surgical closure of an interatrial communication (ASD), but the SNOMED concept covers all closure techniques (including partial closure HAD.LL.AA and percutaneous HAD.ML.AF), so no single ICHI category captures the full breadth; HAD.ML.AA represents the most common open surgical technique.</td></tr><tr><td>726582005 (Opiate therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.DB.AC (Oral or enteral medication for pain)</td><td>Opiate therapy is primarily administered for pain management and most commonly via oral/enteral route, making AXA.DB.AC the closest ICHI match; however, opiates can be used for non-pain indications (e.g., cough suppression, diarrhoea) and via multiple routes, and the ICHI code does not specify the drug class.</td></tr><tr><td>312600002 (Oral frenectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAA.FB.AA (Division of labial fraenum)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "oral frenectomy" code; the closest specific codes are KAA.FB.AA (labial frenulum) and KAB.FB.AC (lingual frenulum), but neither covers the full breadth of the SNOMED term. KAA.FB.AA is chosen as the most representative single code, though it is site-restricted to the lip and uses "division" rather than excision.</td></tr><tr><td>234931000 (Oral irrigation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAG.JA.AC (Irrigation of gingiva)</td><td>ICHI's only oral irrigation code is site-specific to the gingiva, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses irrigation of the entire oral cavity; this makes it an approximate match — capturing the procedure type (irrigation in the oral cavity) but not the full anatomical scope.</td></tr><tr><td>120090001 (Orbit closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit)</td><td>"Orbit closure" is a reconstructive procedure restoring the orbital walls/volume that aligns most closely with "Repair of orbit"; however, ICHI's repair code is a broad category that does not specifically denote a closure procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>288162005 (Orthopedic device removal)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>MZZ.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device, whereas the SNOMED concept also encompasses external devices (casts, splints, braces, external fixators); no single ICHI code captures removal of all orthopedic device types.</td></tr><tr><td>243214009 (Orthoptic treatment - Fresnel prisms)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BT2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for seeing and related functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Fresnel prism application is a therapeutic optical intervention for binocular vision disorders that does not fit neatly into ICHI's surgery, assessment, or training categories; BT2.PG.ZZ is the closest available approximation but imperfectly captures a passive optical device prescription.</td></tr><tr><td>419154004 (Orthoptic treatment -prism in spectacles)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BT2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for seeing and related functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Prescribing prisms ground into spectacles is a therapeutic optical intervention for binocular dysfunction with no direct ICHI counterpart; BT2.PG.ZZ is the closest available category but is an imprecise match for a spectacle lens prescription.</td></tr><tr><td>1263477007 (Osteoplasty of carpal bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGB.ML.AA (Bone graft to bone of hand or finger)</td><td>ICHI does not have a specific code for carpal bones; MGB.ML.AA is the closest match but is anatomically broader (covering all hand and finger bones) and specifically frames the procedure as a bone graft rather than generalized osteoplasty.</td></tr><tr><td>14587009 (Osteoplasty of humerus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MEB.ML.AA (Bone graft to humerus)</td><td>ICHI lacks a generic "osteoplasty of humerus" code; MEB.ML.AA (bone graft) is the best available approximation of the broader reconstructive intent but remains imprecise.</td></tr><tr><td>736955003 (Osteoporotic fracture probability assessment using FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool))</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MZZ.AA.ZZ (Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>FRAX is a validated clinical scoring tool for estimating 10-year osteoporotic fracture probability; ICHI has no code for fracture risk scoring, so MZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest residual category but does not capture the specific risk-prediction nature.</td></tr><tr><td>439793006 (Osteotomy and discectomy of cervical spine by anterior approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBA.FA.AA (Osteotomy of cervical spine)</td><td>ICHI has separate codes for cervical osteotomy and cervical discectomy but no combined code; the anterior approach is also not captured. The osteotomy is mapped as the primary procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>439275009 (Osteotomy and discectomy of thoracic spine by anterior approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBG.FA.AA (Osteotomy of thoracic spine)</td><td>ICHI provides distinct codes for thoracic osteotomy and discectomy but no combined code or anterior-approach specification; the osteotomy is mapped as the primary procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>91243005 (Osteotomy and transfer of greater trochanter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.FA.AA (Osteotomy of femur)</td><td>The greater trochanter is part of the proximal femur and ICHI has no dedicated trochanter code; MLB.FA.AA covers the osteotomy component but the "transfer" (repositioning and reattachment) is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>410097004 (Pacemaker care education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No ICHI code exists specifically for pacemaker care education; HT2.PM.ZZ is the best available match as it covers cardiovascular system education under which pacemaker-related patient education would fall, but it is a residual NEC category broader than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>302398002 (Painting of warts)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Painting of warts" refers to topical application of a chemical agent to cutaneous warts; ICHI has no wart-specific or site-specific code for this, and LZZ.DB.AH is the best available match though it does not specify the wart target or the destructive intent.</td></tr><tr><td>287425000 (Palate excision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAT.JJ.AA (Partial excision of hard palate)</td><td>"Palate excision" is unspecified as to hard vs soft palate and partial vs total, making an exact match impossible; KAT.JJ.AA (partial excision of hard palate) is chosen as the closest representative code.</td></tr><tr><td>287426004 (Palate incision - drainage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAS.JB.AC (Drainage of soft palate)</td><td>Incision-and-drainage of the palate most commonly refers to an abscess of the soft palate; the SNOMED concept does not specify hard vs soft palate, and ICHI has no combined "incision and drainage" code — the drainage code implicitly covers this.</td></tr><tr><td>119937009 (Pancreas reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCO.MK.AA (Repair of pancreas)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated reconstruction-of-pancreas code; KCO.MK.AA (Repair of pancreas) conflates closure, suture, and reconstruction concepts without distinguishing reconstructive intent, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>32419005 (Parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration by cervical approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBB.JK.AA (Complete parathyroidectomy)</td><td>ICHI has no single code combining parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration; the cervical approach is an access technique not separately coded in ICHI, and the mediastinal exploration component would need to be captured as a second code. EBB.JK.AA covers the primary parathyroid excision but omits the mediastinal exploration and approach specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>21537002 (Parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration by sternal split approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBB.JK.AA (Complete parathyroidectomy)</td><td>ICHI has no combined code for parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration via sternotomy; the sternal split (median sternotomy) approach is an access technique that would require a separate ICHI code alongside EBB.JK.AA, so the single best code captures only the parathyroid excision component.</td></tr><tr><td>63382008 (Parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration by transthoracic approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBB.JK.AA (Complete parathyroidectomy)</td><td>The transthoracic approach implies a thoracotomy to access the mediastinum combined with parathyroid excision, but ICHI has no single composite code for this procedure; EBB.JK.AA captures the parathyroid excision component only, and the thoracotomy-based mediastinal exploration is not reflected.</td></tr><tr><td>700446001 (Parent-infant psychotherapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEJ.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for parenting behaviours)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for dyadic parent-infant psychotherapy; VEJ.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy targeting parenting behaviours) is the closest available code, capturing the parenting focus and psychotherapy modality, but it does not encode the infant as a co-participant or the relational/attachment-based dyadic nature of the intervention.</td></tr><tr><td>340922009 (Partial hip replacement by cup)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into hip joint)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated hemiarthroplasty or cup arthroplasty code in the hip joint block; the cup component of a partial hip replacement is best approximated by "Implantation of device into hip joint" (MLJ.DN.AA), but this code does not capture the concurrent partial bone resection or the specific cup-only (acetabular resurfacing) nature of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>51116004 (Passive immunization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.DB.AF (Intravenous administration of immunological agent)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated code for passive immunization as a concept; the closest match is intravenous administration of an immunological agent (e.g., IVIG or immune globulin), which captures the predominant clinical route, but ICHI codes in DTB.DB are route-specific rather than mechanism-specific and do not collectively encode the concept of passive (antibody-mediated) immunity transfer across all routes.</td></tr><tr><td>13573001 (Patellapexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MMP.LC.AA (Patellar stabilisation)</td><td>Patellapexy is surgical fixation/suturing of the patella to correct instability or dislocation, and "Patellar stabilisation" is the closest functional equivalent in ICHI; however, "stabilisation" is broader and may include non-surgical or device-based techniques rather than specifically referring to a pexy (suture fixation) procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>385719000 (Patient counseling education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMH.PP.ZZ (Counselling about looking after one's health)</td><td>SMH.PP.ZZ represents counselling focused on the self-care domain of looking after one's health, which captures the general patient counselling/health education intent, but the SNOMED concept is broader (patient counseling on any topic) while the ICHI code anchors to a self-care context specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>385818002 (Patient feeding technique management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with eating)</td><td>"Feeding technique management" implies active clinical oversight and hands-on management of how a patient feeds, which aligns most closely with "Practical support with eating" (SMF.RB.ZZ) — the ICHI action denoting direct facilitative/supportive intervention on eating. The match is approximate because ICHI does not capture the clinical management/care-planning dimension of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>399302007 (PCR test for Dengue virus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG90U4 (Qualitative dengue virus nucleic acid test)</td><td>XG90U4 matches on both the target organism (Dengue virus) and the nucleic acid / molecular method, making it the closest available code; the match is inexact because "qualitative nucleic acid test" is not fully synonymous with PCR specifically, and PCR can be run quantitatively, so there is a minor method-level mismatch.</td></tr><tr><td>399256002 (PCR test for HIV 1)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG52S2 (Qualitative HIV virological nucleic acid test)</td><td>XG52S2 matches on both target (HIV) and molecular/nucleic acid method, and is the most specific available code; the match is inexact because it does not distinguish HIV-1 from HIV-2, and "qualitative" does not fully capture PCR which can be quantitative, introducing both organism-specificity and method-level gaps.</td></tr><tr><td>442876001 (Percutaneous drainage of retroperitoneal abscess using ultrasound guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated retroperitoneal space drainage code; KMA.JB.AE covers the peritoneal cavity rather than the retroperitoneal space, an anatomically approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>257828004 (Percutaneous fixation of bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LC.AE (Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI uses "external immobilisation device" rather than fixation; action axis (LC) does not precisely distinguish internal hardware fixation from external devices.</td></tr><tr><td>174473008 (Percutaneous removal of calculus from liver)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from liver)</td><td>No dedicated code for percutaneous calculus extraction from liver parenchyma; the closest code's action axis (JD) does not precisely represent calculus/stone extraction.</td></tr><tr><td>277994007 (Percutaneous removal of foreign body from coronary artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery)</td><td>No dedicated code for percutaneous foreign body removal from coronary artery; "obstruction" is broader than "foreign body" and action axis differs from JD.</td></tr><tr><td>428391009 (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of congenital heart malformation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>ICHI has no code for ablation specifically targeting a congenital heart malformation; HFC.GA.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and ablation action on the heart but is scoped to the cardiac conduction system rather than a congenital structural malformation, making it a poor but nearest available match.</td></tr><tr><td>1354591005 (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of myocardium of cardiac septum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>ICHI contains no ablation code with the septal myocardium as target; the myocardium block (BlockL5-HFD) lacks any ablation entry, so HFC.GA.AF is the closest in approach (percutaneous transluminal) and action (ablation) but targets the conducting system rather than the septal myocardium itself.</td></tr><tr><td>1348322009 (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of septum of heart using alcohol)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>Alcohol septal ablation (TASH) targets the interventricular septal myocardium via transcoronary alcohol injection to reduce outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; ICHI has no dedicated code for this, and HFC.GA.AF shares the percutaneous transluminal approach and ablation action but misrepresents the target (conducting system vs. septal myocardium) and omits the alcohol means.</td></tr><tr><td>442328006 (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of septum of heart using chemical substance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>This is a broader form of alcohol septal ablation covering any chemical substance used for percutaneous septal ablation; ICHI equally lacks a dedicated code, and HFC.GA.AF is the nearest available option with the same approach and action but an incorrect target axis and no representation of the chemical means.</td></tr><tr><td>428290007 (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of wall of atrium)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFC.GA.AF (Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system)</td><td>Both codes share the same action (ablation, GA) and means (percutaneous transluminal, AF), but the ICHI target is the cardiac conduction system (HFC block) rather than the atrial wall myocardium; no dedicated ICHI code exists for percutaneous ablation of the atrial wall itself.</td></tr><tr><td>426059008 (Percutaneous transluminal thrombolysis of blood vessel of liver)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEF.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers broadly to any blood vessel of the liver (hepatic artery, hepatic vein, or portal vein), while the best ICHI match IEF.DB.AF covers only the portal vein and its branches via a percutaneous transluminal approach. No single ICHI code captures the full vascular scope of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>88058003 (Perfusion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PSA.DD.AF (Cardiopulmonary bypass)</td><td>"Perfusion" as a generic SNOMED concept encompasses any delivery of fluid through tissue/organ, including but not limited to cardiopulmonary bypass; PSA.DD.AF is the most prominent perfusion-type procedure in ICHI but represents only one specific application. No generic "perfusion" parent code exists in ICHI, making any assignment an inexact approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>287286003 (Pericardial decortication)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HFF.FC.AA (Release of adhesions of pericardium)</td><td>Pericardial decortication (surgical stripping of a thickened, calcified, or fibrotic pericardial "peel" to restore cardiac compliance, typically for constrictive pericarditis) is functionally related to release of pericardial adhesions, which is the closest ICHI concept. However, decortication implies removal of a constrictive fibrous layer rather than lysis of adhesions, and the surgical scope is substantially greater.</td></tr><tr><td>13398004 (Perilymphatic tap)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CCA.JB.AC (Drainage of inner ear)</td><td>A perilymphatic tap involves accessing the inner ear's perilymphatic space to sample or drain perilymph fluid, which overlaps with "Drainage of inner ear" in both target and action; however, ICHI does not distinguish the perilymphatic compartment specifically, and "tap" may imply diagnostic aspiration rather than therapeutic drainage.</td></tr><tr><td>2406000 (Periodontic dental consultation and report)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)</td><td>ICHI has no concept for "consultation and report" nor for a periodontics-specialist encounter; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest available assessment-type code within the oral/dental section, but it is scoped to teeth rather than the periodontium and does not capture the consultation or reporting component.</td></tr><tr><td>252366003 (Peripheral blood lymphocyte cross-match)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the immunological system)</td><td>ICHI contains no specific code for lymphocyte crossmatch or histocompatibility testing. The immunological system function test category captures the immunological domain of the procedure but is far broader and does not specify the crossmatch methodology or target cells.</td></tr><tr><td>120183008 (Peritoneum closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KMA.MK.AA (Repair of peritoneum)</td><td>Peritoneum closure (suturing/closing the peritoneum, typically as part of another procedure) most closely corresponds to repair of peritoneum in ICHI, but "repair" is a broader concept that can include closure of defects, wounds, or hernias, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>287421009 (Pharyngeal web division)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.FC.AA (Release of oral pharyngeal adhesions)</td><td>ICHI lacks a specific code for pharyngeal web division; KAR.FC.AA is the functionally closest match — both involve releasing or dividing obstructive tissue in the pharynx — but a web and adhesions are distinct pathological entities, making this an approximate rather than equivalent mapping.</td></tr><tr><td>13403003 (Pharyngoesophageal repair)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.MK.AA (Repair of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI has no combined pharyngoesophageal repair code; the SNOMED concept spans the pharynx–oesophageal junction. KAR.MK.AA captures the pharyngeal component, but the oesophageal component (cf. KBA.MK.AA — Repair of oesophagus) is not represented, making this only an approximate match for the full procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>87724004 (Photosensitivity test)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.AC.ZZ (Provocation test, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A photosensitivity test is a structured provocation of the skin with calibrated light doses to assess abnormal light reactions, which fits the general concept of a provocation test; however, ICHI has no specific light provocation or phototesting code, and PZA.AC.ZZ is a whole-body NEC residual code that does not capture the dermatological or light-specific nature of the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>183130005 (Physiological visual assistance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BT2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for seeing and related functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Physiological visual assistance" implies functional support or exercise to assist remaining visual capacity, which approximates BT2.PG.ZZ. No closer ICHI code exists; this functional-assistance code captures the rehabilitative intent but is not a precise semantic match.</td></tr><tr><td>408860000 (Plastic operation on hand with implant)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGJ.DN.AA (Implantation of device into finger or hand joint)</td><td>ICHI lacks a single generic "plastic operation on hand with implant" code; the best match captures implant placement in the hand, but presupposes the target is the joint structure rather than other hand tissues (soft tissue, bone, or skin), making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>703715003 (Plastic operation on trachea)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of trachea)</td><td>"Plastic operation on trachea" encompasses both repair and reconstruction; ICHI offers both JBA.MK.AA (repair) and JBA.ML.AA (reconstruction). JBA.ML.AA is the closer match to "plastic operation" as a surgical reshaping concept, though the SNOMED term is broader.</td></tr><tr><td>119754009 (Pleura reconstruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCA.MK.AA (Repair of pleura)</td><td>No ML (reconstruction) code exists for pleura in ICHI; "Repair of pleura" is the closest available code, though repair implies restoring integrity after injury whereas reconstruction implies a more extensive structural rebuilding.</td></tr><tr><td>23979009 (Pleurectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCA.JJ.AA (Partial excision of pleura)</td><td>Pleurectomy maps most commonly to partial excision of pleura, as pleurectomy in clinical practice is typically partial; however the SNOMED term is unspecified as to extent, and ICHI also has JCA.JK.AA (Total excision), so neither alone is a precise equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>312302004 (Plication of ascending aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ascending aorta)</td><td>ICHI lacks a specific plication code for the ascending aorta; HIF.ML.AA is the closest match because aortic plication (folding/reducing the aortic wall) is a reconstructive technique, but the ICHI code covers a wider range of reconstructive approaches beyond plication alone.</td></tr><tr><td>178859000 (Plication of sagittal bands of fingers)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of hand or finger)</td><td>The sagittal bands of the fingers are part of the extensor hood mechanism overlying the MCP joints, and their plication is a soft-tissue repair of that structure; ICHI has no dedicated code for sagittal band plication, and the closest available code covers repair of the tendon of the hand or finger, which is anatomically adjacent but not identical to the sagittal band retinaculum.</td></tr><tr><td>41184001 (Plication of tendon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.LL.AA (Shortening of tendon of unspecified site)</td><td>Tendon plication is performed to tighten and shorten a lax tendon through suture folding, making shortening the functionally closest ICHI action; however, "shortening" in ICHI typically implies formal shortening procedures rather than suture plication specifically, and the site is unspecified rather than a body-part-specific code.</td></tr><tr><td>37301005 (Plication of urethrovesical junction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.LC.AA (Suspension procedures on bladder neck)</td><td>The urethrovesical junction is anatomically synonymous with the bladder neck (NAK block in ICHI), and plication of this junction is classically performed as a continence procedure functionally equivalent to bladder neck suspension; however, plication (suture tightening) and suspension (structural lifting) are distinct surgical techniques, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>410220004 (Positioning therapy assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SHD.AA.ZZ (Assessment of maintaining body position)</td><td>Positioning therapy assessment evaluates how a patient responds to and tolerates therapeutic positioning, which aligns most closely with assessing the maintenance of a body position; ICHI does not have a dedicated "positioning therapy assessment" concept, and SHA.AA.ZZ (assessment of changing body position) is an alternative but the therapeutic focus of positioning therapy is predominantly on sustained postures.</td></tr><tr><td>410221000 (Positioning therapy education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SHD.PH.ZZ (Training in maintaining body position)</td><td>Positioning therapy education involves instructing patients or carers in therapeutic positioning techniques, which maps most closely to training in maintaining a body position; sustained therapeutic positioning aligns better with SHD than SHA, but ICHI separates "education" (PM) from "training" (PH) and has no "positioning therapy" specific node.</td></tr><tr><td>699580006 (Postmortem imaging procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BC (Computerised tomography of whole body)</td><td>ICHI has no concept of postmortem imaging as a distinct category; the closest structural candidates are whole-body imaging codes under BlockL6-PZA, but none carries the postmortem qualifier. PZA.BA.BC (CT of whole body) is selected as the most commonly performed postmortem imaging modality (virtopsy/forensic CT), but the match is inexact as the modality is not specified in the SNOMED concept and the postmortem context is absent from ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>313211008 (Posture education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SHA.PM.ZZ (Education about changing body position)</td><td>Posture education involves instructing patients on maintaining correct body alignment, which maps most closely to the body position education codes (SHA/SHD block); SHA.PM.ZZ (education about changing body position) is the best available fit, but posture is about sustained alignment rather than movement transitions, and a parallel "education about maintaining body position" code does not exist as an assignable category in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>386463000 (Prescribed activity/exercise education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEB.PM.ZZ (Education to influence physical activity behaviours)</td><td>VEB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting physical activity behaviours, which aligns with the educational component of the SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED concept also emphasises the prescriptive/prescribed nature of the activity (exercise prescription), which is better captured by VEB.TI.ZZ, though neither code alone is an exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>178688001 (Primary bedrest stabilization of spinal fracture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LC.AH (Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Bedrest is a conservative positional immobilisation strategy for spinal fractures and does not precisely equate to applying an external immobilisation device; however, MBZ.LC.AH is the closest ICHI concept covering non-surgical spinal stabilisation.</td></tr><tr><td>429615002 (Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBV.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This SNOMED concept is itself site-unspecified, matching MBV.GA.AE's unspecified-site scope; however, the ICHI code uses the general action "destruction" rather than specifying thermocoagulation or radiofrequency as the means, making the match approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>429617005 (Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of lumbar intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBN.GA.AE (Percutaneous destruction of lumbar intervertebral disc)</td><td>MBN.GA.AE matches the lumbar site and the percutaneous approach exactly, and thermocoagulation using a radiofrequency probe is a form of disc destruction; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique (radiofrequency thermocoagulation) within the means axis, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>230937006 (Procedure for monitoring intracranial pressure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.AI.AE (Percutaneous monitoring of the brain)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for intracranial pressure monitoring; AAA.AI.AE (percutaneous monitoring of the brain) is the closest match within the "Monitoring interventions of the brain" block, capturing the percutaneous approach used for ICP bolt/transducer placement, but the target is the brain generically rather than intracranial pressure specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>118482006 (Procedure to abduct extremity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTB.LD.ZZ (Positioning for joint mobility)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for abduction of an extremity as a procedure; MTB.LD.ZZ "Positioning for joint mobility" is the closest match because abducting an extremity is a positioning act performed to achieve or maintain joint range of motion. The match is inexact because MTB.LD.ZZ is a rehabilitation-targeted positioning concept covering all joint mobility, not specifically abduction or extremities.</td></tr><tr><td>35152000 (Prostatolithotomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGA.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from prostate)</td><td>Prostatolithotomy is surgical incision of the prostate to remove a calculus; ICHI has no dedicated prostate calculus extraction code. NGA.JD.AA is the closest conceptual match, as a prostatic calculus is analogous to a foreign body being extracted, though the incision aspect is not captured and the ICHI code's primary intent is device/foreign body removal rather than lithotomy.</td></tr><tr><td>312616000 (Provision of mainstream further education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>STG.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in higher education)</td><td>"Mainstream further education" aligns most closely with higher education participation support in ICHI; STG.RB.ZZ covers practical support for engaging in higher education, though it represents an intervention to facilitate participation rather than the direct provision/arrangement of an educational programme.</td></tr><tr><td>425249005 (Provision of overbed trapeze)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UAE.DP.ZZ (Installation of assistive products for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation)</td><td>An overbed trapeze is an assistive device that aids bed mobility and repositioning; UAE.DP.ZZ covers installation of assistive products for personal mobility, which is the closest available ICHI category. The match is approximate because ICHI targets indoor/outdoor mobility and transportation rather than in-bed mobility aids specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>312625006 (Provision of specialist peripatetic education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>STE.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in school education)</td><td>Peripatetic education refers to itinerant outreach teaching delivered to children unable to attend a fixed school, which differs structurally from standard school attendance implied by ICHI's STE target; the delivery model (mobile/outreach) is absent from ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>312628008 (Provision of support as Braille user)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SCF.RB.ZZ (Practical support with reading)</td><td>Braille is a tactile reading and writing system; SCF.RB.ZZ captures the functional reading activity but does not specify the Braille modality or the writing component, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>312629000 (Provision of support as Makaton user)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SFJ.RB.ZZ (Practical support with producing messages in sign languages)</td><td>Makaton uses symbols, signs, and speech to support communication; SFJ.RB.ZZ covers the signing component but Makaton also encompasses symbols and speech, so the match is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>699822008 (Provision of written information about bowel preparation for procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for education about pre-procedural bowel preparation; KT2.PM.ZZ is the closest anatomically relevant education code but covers digestive system functions broadly rather than procedure preparation.</td></tr><tr><td>699836003 (Provision of written information about bronchoscopy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JT2.PM.ZZ (Education about functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No ICHI education code exists for bronchoscopy as a procedure; JT2.PM.ZZ addresses the respiratory system as a functional domain rather than information provision about a specific diagnostic/therapeutic procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>715894001 (Provision of written information about diabetes mellitus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ETB.PM.ZZ (Education about general metabolic functions)</td><td>ETB.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for patient education about diabetes mellitus, as ICHI classifies diabetes under general metabolic functions; the code is broader than diabetes alone and does not specify the written modality.</td></tr><tr><td>108311000 (Psychiatric procedure, interview AND/OR consultation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AS1.AN.ZZ (Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified)</td><td>Best available code for a psychiatric interview targeting mental functions; however, it covers only the interview action and does not capture the consultation component or restrict to a formal psychiatric encounter.</td></tr><tr><td>31205005 (Psychiatric therapeutic procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)</td><td>This SNOMED grouper covers any psychiatric therapy (pharmacotherapy, ECT, psychotherapy); AS1.PQ.ZZ captures only the psychotherapy modality under that umbrella, an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>397074006 (Psychologic desensitization therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Systematic desensitization is a specific behavioural psychotherapy technique with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.PQ.ZZ is a NEC psychotherapy fit, an approximate match that does not specify target or behavioural technique.</td></tr><tr><td>401083009 (Psychological well-being education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEL.PM.ZZ (Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing)</td><td>VEL.PM.ZZ covers education targeting psychological health and wellbeing but sits in the health-behaviour chapter (behaviour change focus), making it an approximate rather than equivalent match to direct knowledge-provision/psychoeducation.</td></tr><tr><td>1222582007 (PTK - phototherapeutic keratectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBB.GA.AH (Destruction of corneal lesion)</td><td>PTK uses an excimer laser to ablate superficial corneal tissue without incision, aligning with destruction without incision on cornea, but PTK targets corneal tissue broadly rather than a discrete lesion and the laser/phototherapeutic means is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>32723001 (Puncture and drainage of Rathke's pouch)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EAA.JB.AA (Drainage of pituitary gland)</td><td>Rathke's pouch is an embryological remnant intimately associated with the pituitary gland; ICHI has no dedicated code (XA9787 is an extension/anatomy code only), so drainage of pituitary gland is the closest procedural parent but the anatomical target is not precisely equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>236192006 (Push-bang operation for ureteric calculus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAE.JE.AD (Transurethral extraction of calculus from ureter)</td><td>The push-bang technique is a composite procedure (retrograde manipulation of the stone into the renal pelvis followed by lithotripsy); NAE.JE.AD reflects the retrograde ureteral approach and calculus management intent but does not encode the repositioning or subsequent lithotripsy steps.</td></tr><tr><td>173794002 (Pyloromyotomy and wedge resection)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBF.LG.AA (Pyloroplasty)</td><td>ICHI has no code for pyloromyotomy or combined pyloromyotomy with wedge resection; KBF.LG.AA covers open surgical reconstruction of the pyloric outlet, but pyloroplasty is a distinct technique (full-thickness longitudinal incision with transverse closure).</td></tr><tr><td>31606002 (Radical maxillary sinusotomy with removal of antrochoanal polyps)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAF.FA.AA (Radical maxillary antrotomy)</td><td>JAF.FA.AA describes a radical opening of the maxillary sinus (Caldwell-Luc procedure class) which matches the radical sinusotomy component, but ICHI does not capture the additional element of antrochoanal polyp removal.</td></tr><tr><td>363269004 (Radical resection of soft tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JJ.AA (Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no "radical excision" (JL action) code for any soft tissue target; MRS.JJ.AA is the best available approximation but differs in both the degree of radicality and the implied clinical intent.</td></tr><tr><td>12135002 (Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of ankle area)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for radical resection of soft tissue at the ankle; MRS.JI.AA captures the lesion-directed excision intent but differs in anatomical site specificity and radicality.</td></tr><tr><td>85732008 (Radiculectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABN.FB.AA (Division of intraspinal nerve root)</td><td>Radiculectomy is surgical excision or section of a spinal nerve root; ABN.FB.AA captures the same target and closest action (division/cutting), but "division" does not fully convey excision/removal of the root segment.</td></tr><tr><td>1287994008 (Radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of bile duct)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.GA.AF (Percutaneous destruction of bile ducts)</td><td>The ICHI code refers to the ducts broadly rather than a specific neoplastic lesion and does not encode RFA modality; RFA of bile duct neoplasms is also frequently performed endoscopically rather than percutaneously.</td></tr><tr><td>171905008 (Radiofrequency destruction of thoracic sympathetic nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADC.JK.AA (Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve)</td><td>The target matches exactly but ICHI has no destruction/RF code for this nerve — only excision and anaesthetic injection; the means (RFA vs. open surgical excision) differs fundamentally.</td></tr><tr><td>404222008 (Radionuclide blood pool study)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HTB.BA.BE (Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Radionuclide blood pool studies (e.g. MUGA gated scan) are primarily used to measure cardiac ejection fraction and output using radioisotope-labelled blood; HTB.BA.BE sits in the cardiac functions imaging block and captures the cardiac output measurement purpose, though it does not specify the radionuclide blood-pool technique.</td></tr><tr><td>433027003 (Radionuclide defecating proctography)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTK.AC.ZZ (Test of defaecation functions)</td><td>KTK.AC.ZZ correctly encodes functional testing of defaecation, which matches the clinical purpose of defecating proctography; however, it does not capture the radionuclide/scintigraphic imaging modality that distinguishes this procedure from conventional (X-ray) defaecating proctography.</td></tr><tr><td>303870001 (Radionuclide male genital system study)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGL.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the testis)</td><td>ICHI's most specific nuclear imaging code under the male genital system is at the testis level (NGL.BA.BE), which matches the most common clinical use (scrotal/testicular scintigraphy), but the SNOMED concept refers to the male genital system more broadly and could include other structures such as the prostate or seminal vesicles not captured by this code.</td></tr><tr><td>706951006 (Radionuclide non-imaging glomerular filtration rate estimation study)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAA.BA.BE (Nuclear imaging study of the kidney)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is explicitly a non-imaging study (plasma clearance technique for GFR quantification using a radionuclide tracer without a gamma camera scan), whereas NAA.BA.BE implies a nuclear imaging/scintigraphic procedure; it is the closest available code in the kidney block but misrepresents the non-imaging nature of the SNOMED procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>169355005 (Radiotherapy by infusion of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder by radiotherapy)</td><td>NAI.GA.BA covers radiotherapy applied to the bladder but does not specify the intracavitary infusion route; it is the only ICHI code for bladder radiotherapy and represents an approximate rather than exact match to this intravesical delivery method.</td></tr><tr><td>429774000 (Radiotherapy to abdomen)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFF.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of abdominal or pelvic lymph node by radiotherapy)</td><td>ICHI has no general "radiotherapy to abdomen" code; DFF.GA.BA is the only abdominal radiotherapy code available, but it is limited to abdominal or pelvic lymph nodes by radiotherapy, making it a narrow subset of the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses any abdominal tissue target.</td></tr><tr><td>428412000 (Radiotherapy to head)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.GA.BA (Destruction of lesion or tissue of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck by radiotherapy)</td><td>ICHI has no code for general head radiotherapy; LAA.GA.BA is the closest available option targeting the head region by radiotherapy, but it is restricted to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck and also includes the neck, making it both narrower in anatomical target (skin only) and wider in anatomical scope (head and neck vs. head alone) than the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>171809001 (Radiotherapy to lesion of peripheral nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.GA.AA (Destruction of peripheral nerve)</td><td>ICHI codes destruction of peripheral nerve (ACA.GA.AA) but has no radiation-specific variant (no ACA.GA.BA exists), so the means axis does not specify radiotherapy; the code captures the target and action but omits the radiotherapy modality.</td></tr><tr><td>410086004 (Range of motion management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTB.PH.ZZ (Training of joint mobility)</td><td>"Range of motion management" is a broad clinical concept encompassing assessment, exercise, and therapeutic maintenance of joint mobility; MTB.PH.ZZ (Training of joint mobility) is the closest single ICHI code but captures only the active training/exercise component, not the full management spectrum.</td></tr><tr><td>238256008 (Re-exploration of abdomen)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAL.FA.AA (Reopening of recent laparotomy site)</td><td>ICHI's "Reopening of recent laparotomy site" captures the re-operative abdominal entry, but restricts it to a "recent" laparotomy site whereas abdominal re-exploration may occur after any prior surgery; the intent of exploratory re-entry is shared but the scope differs.</td></tr><tr><td>257899004 (Realignment and suture of posterior urethra)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.LB.AA (Anastomosis of urethra)</td><td>Urethral realignment and suture (typically for post-traumatic disruption) is closest to urethral anastomosis — both involve re-joining the urethra — but ICHI does not encode the "posterior" specificity or the explicit suture component, and "anastomosis" implies end-to-end joining which may not always match the technique.</td></tr><tr><td>48588001 (Reattachment of nerve)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ACA.LB.AA (Anastomosis of peripheral nerve)</td><td>Nerve reattachment is performed surgically as neurorrhaphy/anastomosis (joining severed nerve ends), making ACA.LB.AA the closest procedural equivalent. ICHI's code is specific to peripheral nerve, while the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to nerve type.</td></tr><tr><td>11685005 (Recession of tendon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.LK.AA (Lengthening of tendon of unspecified site)</td><td>Tendon recession involves detaching and reattaching a tendon at a more proximal point, which functionally lengthens the tendon unit — making MRT.LK.AA an approximate but not semantically exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>304505006 (Recommendation regarding functional activity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEB.PN.ZZ (Advising about physical activity behaviours)</td><td>"Functional activity" in SNOMED encompasses a broad range of activities beyond physical exercise (e.g., occupational, cognitive), so VEB.PN.ZZ is an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>304979007 (Recommendation regarding seeking help)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>UEP.PN.ZZ (Advising about health services, systems and policies)</td><td>"Seeking help" refers broadly to recommending a patient engage with support or health services; the match is approximate because UEP.PN.ZZ is oriented toward systems and policy advising rather than the personal clinical act of encouraging a patient to seek help.</td></tr><tr><td>439410009 (Reconstruction of bone of thoracic dorsal spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBG.ML.AA (Bone graft to thoracic spine)</td><td>MBG.ML.AA is the only ICHI code under the thoracic vertebral column block that involves reconstructive/grafting work on thoracic spinal bone; however, it specifically denotes bone grafting rather than the broader concept of bone reconstruction (which may include non-graft reconstructive techniques).</td></tr><tr><td>303445008 (Reconstruction of breast with flap)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LCA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of breast)</td><td>LCA.ML.AA is semantically very close — both describe breast reconstruction — but the SNOMED concept specifies a flap technique whereas ICHI does not distinguish method; the match is approximate rather than exact because the flap qualifier is lost.</td></tr><tr><td>438488001 (Reconstruction of cranial and facial bones using autograft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MAB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI separates skull (MAA.ML.AA) from facial bones (MAB.ML.AA), whereas the SNOMED concept covers both cranial and facial bones together as a combined reconstruction; neither code alone captures the full scope, and neither specifies autograft as a means.</td></tr><tr><td>172907002 (Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with bone graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxillary sinus)</td><td>ICHI has separate reconstruction codes per individual nasal sinus (JAF for maxillary, JAG for frontal, etc.) but lacks a generic "nasal sinus reconstruction" code; JAF.ML.AA is the closest available category, though the SNOMED concept is sinus-type-agnostic and specifies bone graft as the material.</td></tr><tr><td>1345122002 (Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with mucosal graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxillary sinus)</td><td>The same reasoning applies as for the bone graft variant — ICHI lacks a generic nasal sinus reconstruction code and does not represent mucosal graft as a means; JAF.ML.AA is the best available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>172903003 (Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with skin graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of maxillary sinus)</td><td>As with the other nasal sinus reconstruction concepts, ICHI does not have a sinus-agnostic reconstruction code and does not encode the skin graft means; JAF.ML.AA is the best available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>4811009 (Reconstruction of diaphragm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MCX.ML.AA (Repair of diaphragm with graft or prosthesis)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "reconstruction of diaphragm" code; the diaphragm block (MCX) contains only repair, biopsy, imaging, and device codes. MCX.ML.AA is the closest available match as it involves structural restoration of the diaphragm using a graft or prosthesis.</td></tr><tr><td>29646002 (Reconstruction of foot and toes with synthetic joint prosthesis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOJ.DN.AA (Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe)</td><td>MOJ.DN.AA captures the implantation of an internal device (which encompasses a synthetic joint prosthesis) into the joint of the foot or toe, but "implantation" and "reconstruction" are not equivalent actions and the ICHI code does not convey the reconstructive intent.</td></tr><tr><td>1303763001 (Reconstruction of head and/or neck with mucosal graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)</td><td>ICHI does not have a distinct mucosal graft code for head or neck; LAA.ML.AA (skin graft to head or neck) is the closest available code under interventions on skin of head or neck, but a mucosal graft is biologically distinct from a skin graft (different tissue layer/type), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>736490004 (Reconstruction of hypopharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated hypopharynx block or reconstruction code — the hypopharynx is not represented as a separate target entity; the closest reconstruction codes are for adjacent structures (oral pharynx KAR.ML.AA, nasopharynx JAM.ML.AA, larynx JAN.ML.AA). KAR.ML.AA is selected as the nearest pharyngeal reconstruction code, but it refers to the oropharynx rather than the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx), making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>287423007 (Reconstruction of palate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of hard palate)</td><td>ICHI does not have a single "reconstruction of palate" code — it splits palate reconstruction into hard palate (KAT.ML.AA) and soft palate (KAS.ML.AA); since the SNOMED concept does not specify which sub-structure, KAT.ML.AA is an approximate but imprecise match, and the same caveat applies to KAS.ML.AA.</td></tr><tr><td>389059002 (Reconstruction of pharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oral pharynx)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "pharynx" reconstruction code — it distinguishes nasopharynx (JAM.ML.AA) and oral pharynx (KAR.ML.AA); KAR.ML.AA is the most clinically common context for pharyngeal reconstruction, but it specifies only the oropharynx rather than the pharynx as a whole, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>178203000 (Reconstruction of tendon sheath)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI uses "tendon" as the target throughout its tendon block and does not differentiate the tendon sheath (synovial sheath) as a separate structure from the tendon itself; MRT.ML.AA is the unspecified-site tendon reconstruction code and is the closest approximation. The distinction between tendon and tendon sheath is clinically meaningful, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>1344617005 (Reconstruction of vulva with tissue graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMI.ML.AA (Repair of vulva using graft or other biosynthetic material)</td><td>The target (vulva) and graft technique align well, but ICHI uses "repair" rather than "reconstruction" and broadens material to any biosynthetic, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>112732006 (Reduction of congenital hip dislocation by traction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLJ.LD.AH (Closed reduction of hip joint)</td><td>MLJ.LD.AH captures the hip joint and closed nature but does not encode the congenital aetiology or specific traction technique.</td></tr><tr><td>62864006 (Reduction of fracture of leg with internal fixation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNB.LD.AA (Open reduction of tibia or fibula)</td><td>ICHI correctly targets tibia/fibula and uses an open approach implied by internal fixation, but has no combined "reduction with internal fixation" code; the fixation component requires a separate extension code.</td></tr><tr><td>449640003 (Reduction of fracture of upper limb with internal fixation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>No ICHI code spans the entire upper limb at an unspecified bone level; MRB.LD.AA is anatomically too broad and still omits the internal fixation component.</td></tr><tr><td>84530005 (Reduction of intussusception of large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.LD.AC (Reduction of colon by enema)</td><td>KBP.LD.AC matches on anatomy and method but does not capture intussusception specifically and does not encompass the full large intestine (rectum/sigmoid) or surgical approaches.</td></tr><tr><td>56288000 (Reduction of intussusception of small intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LD.AC (Reduction of small intestine by enema)</td><td>Matches on anatomy and method (enema) but ICHI does not specify intussusception as the indication and SNOMED may also encompass surgical/manual reduction.</td></tr><tr><td>180099009 (Reduction of macrodactyly of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedures of bone of hand or finger)</td><td>Captures the osseous shortening component of macrodactyly reduction but omits the soft tissue/nerve debulking component and is not specific to macrodactyly.</td></tr><tr><td>337664005 (Reduction of simple fracture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI lacks a generic fracture reduction code; MRB.LD.AA specifies open approach and does not distinguish simple from other fracture types.</td></tr><tr><td>13341006 (Reduction of volvulus by laparotomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBU.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal reduction of the sigmoid colon)</td><td>Sigmoid volvulus is the most common volvulus reduced by laparotomy, but the SNOMED concept is non-site-specific.</td></tr><tr><td>62539002 (Reduction of volvulus of large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBZ.LD.AA (Intra-abdominal manipulation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Same anatomy and broad procedural intent; "manipulation" is coarser than "reduction of volvulus" and does not distinguish surgical detorsion.</td></tr><tr><td>438775000 (Reduction of volvulus of small intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.LD.AD (Endoscopic reduction of small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Closest small intestine reduction code but specifies endoscopic approach, not the surgical detorsion typically used for small bowel volvulus.</td></tr><tr><td>10900009 (Reefing of joint capsule)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.MK.AA (Repair of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>Capsular reefing is a form of joint repair; ICHI lacks a dedicated capsular plication code and the unspecified-site repair is broader.</td></tr><tr><td>63312004 (Refractometer measurement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BZA.AB.AH (Measurement of the eye, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A refractometer most commonly measures ocular refractive error, but is also used for non-eye purposes (e.g., urine specific gravity), making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>766823009 (Regulated breathing method)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JTG.PH.ZZ (Training for coughing, sneezing, expectorating and other functions related to breathing)</td><td>Closest breathing-training code; focuses on cough/expectoration training rather than breath-pattern regulation specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>410408009 (Relaxation/breathing techniques surveillance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SDJ.PH.ZZ (Training in handling stress and other psychological demands)</td><td>ICHI has no code for surveillance/monitoring of relaxation and breathing techniques; SDJ.PH.ZZ approximates as it covers stress-handling training, but is a training action rather than surveillance and the target is stress management rather than breathing per se.</td></tr><tr><td>178251008 (Release of contracture of muscle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRM.FB.AA (Division of muscle of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no code titled "release of contracture of muscle"; MRM.FB.AA is closest as muscle division is the operative technique used, though "division" vs "release" differ in semantics.</td></tr><tr><td>73497006 (Release of Volkmann contracture by graft of muscle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of muscle of forearm)</td><td>Volkmann ischemic contracture is a forearm compartment syndrome sequela; repair via muscle graft aligns with reconstruction of forearm muscle, but the code does not capture the contracture release component.</td></tr><tr><td>302414003 (Removal of clip from skin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk without incision)</td><td>LAB.JD.AH matches the action but locks the site to the trunk, whereas a skin clip could be located anywhere; site-specificity mismatch makes this inexact. No site-unspecified skin removal code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>46130000 (Removal of coronary artery obstruction by direct intracoronary artery infusion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIA.DB.AF (Thrombolysis of coronary artery)</td><td>Both describe pharmacological dissolution of coronary thrombus via catheter-delivered drug, but ICHI's thrombolysis code does not distinguish systemic from direct intracoronary delivery.</td></tr><tr><td>395721008 (Removal of electronic stimulator of brain with synchronous replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAA.KA.AA (Replacement of intracranial device)</td><td>AAA.KA.AA captures combined removal-and-replacement of an intracranial/brain device aligning with synchronous replacement, but the SNOMED concept specifically names an electronic stimulator (DBS) while the ICHI code is generic for any intracranial device.</td></tr><tr><td>425900008 (Removal of filter in vena cava)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIC.JD.AF (Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from inferior vena cava)</td><td>The SNOMED concept does not specify which vena cava or the approach, whereas HIC.JD.AF specifies the inferior vena cava and percutaneous approach — clinically the most common scenario but adding specificity not in SNOMED.</td></tr><tr><td>63044005 (Removal of foreign body from ear with incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CAA.JD.AA (Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>CAA.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from the external ear but does not specify incision as the approach, and the SNOMED concept does not distinguish external from middle/inner ear; the external ear is the most common site for this procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>5966002 (Removal of foreign body from elbow area, deep)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MEJ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from elbow joint)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies deep tissue of the elbow area (not necessarily intra-articular), while MEJ.JD.AA is specific to the elbow joint; no ICHI code exists for deep soft tissue of the elbow.</td></tr><tr><td>711501001 (Removal of foreign body from head and neck using imaging guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from skin or subcutaneous tissue of head or neck)</td><td>No ICHI code explicitly encodes imaging-guided foreign body removal from the head and neck; LAA.JD.AE (percutaneous) is the closest approximation since percutaneous removal typically implies image guidance, but tissue scope remains limited to skin/subcutaneous tissue.</td></tr><tr><td>88354009 (Removal of foreign body from intestine by incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBK.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>KBK.JD.AA uses the open (incision) approach matching "by incision," but the SNOMED concept covers intestine broadly (small and large) whereas this ICHI code is limited to small intestine.</td></tr><tr><td>711502008 (Removal of foreign body from lower limb using imaging guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAG.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb)</td><td>ICHI restricts the target tissue to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any tissue of the lower limb; additionally, the imaging guidance is not captured by the open approach means axis.</td></tr><tr><td>112849008 (Removal of foreign body from mouth by incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from oral cavity, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>KAZ.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from the oral cavity (the anatomical equivalent of "mouth") and the open approach implies incision; however, ICHI provides more specific codes for sub-sites within the oral cavity.</td></tr><tr><td>234545002 (Removal of foreign body from palate by incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAT.JD.AA (Removal of foreign body from hard palate)</td><td>ICHI separates hard (KAT.JD.AA) and soft (KAS.JD.AA) palate, while the SNOMED concept specifies "palate" without distinguishing between them; KAT.JD.AA is the most anatomically likely site for incision-based foreign body removal.</td></tr><tr><td>711503003 (Removal of foreign body from upper limb using imaging guidance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAE.JD.AE (Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb)</td><td>Captures percutaneous (image-guided) removal from the upper limb but is restricted to skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify tissue depth.</td></tr><tr><td>405711003 (Removal of foreign body from upper limb, except hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAE.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb)</td><td>Covers open removal from the upper limb but is scoped to skin and subcutaneous tissue only, while the SNOMED concept applies to any tissue of the upper limb regardless of depth.</td></tr><tr><td>37692003 (Removal of gallstones from large intestine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon)</td><td>No specific "extraction of calculus from colon" code; closest is foreign body removal from colon, treating gallstones as a foreign body rather than using calculus-specific JE action axis.</td></tr><tr><td>80029002 (Removal of necrotic bone fragment from joint)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.JG.AA (Debridement of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>No ICHI code specifically encodes sequestrectomy from a joint; debridement of joint is the closest functional equivalent but broader.</td></tr><tr><td>440523005 (Removal of nonbiodegradable drug delivery device)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>No ICHI code for drug-delivery-device removal as a device-type-specific concept; the ICHI code assumes a skin/subcutaneous location not explicit in SNOMED.</td></tr><tr><td>445845004 (Removal of obstruction of renal pelvis by transurethral approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAB.JD.AD (Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from renal pelvis)</td><td>Approach and target match exactly; SNOMED's "obstruction" is broader (could be stone, clot, stricture) than ICHI's "internal device or foreign body."</td></tr><tr><td>177713006 (Removal of pack from subcutaneous tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk without incision)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated wound pack removal code; LAB.JD.AH is the closest match as wound packing is a temporary material removed without incision, but it is restricted to the trunk and the SNOMED concept specifies no body region.</td></tr><tr><td>233752006 (Removal of penetrating foreign body from palate)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAT.JD.AA (Removal of foreign body from hard palate)</td><td>ICHI separates the palate into hard (KAT) and soft (KAS) palate with no unspecified palate code; a penetrating foreign body most commonly involves the hard palate, but the SNOMED concept is unspecified, making this an inexact match.</td></tr><tr><td>313220004 (Removal of pressure garment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAA.SO.AH (Removal of assistive product from trunk)</td><td>Pressure garments are assistive products and PAA.SO.AH covers their removal, but it is restricted to the trunk whereas pressure garments can be applied to limbs, head, or the full body.</td></tr><tr><td>233063000 (Removal of right ventricular thrombus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBB.JJ.AA (Excision of right ventricular tissue)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated ventricular thrombectomy code; the closest is excision of right ventricular tissue, which covers the same anatomical site and involves open surgical removal of material but is not specific to thrombus.</td></tr><tr><td>56812004 (Removal of spinal pacemaker with synchronous replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)</td><td>ABG.KA.AE captures combined removal-and-replacement of a spinal canal device; the match is inexact because ICHI specifies a percutaneous approach and does not name the pacemaker device type, while SNOMED implies an open or unspecified approach.</td></tr><tr><td>303968006 (Removal of surgical material)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MZZ.JD.AA (Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Removal of surgical material" is body-site-agnostic; ICHI's closest generic code constrains the target to the musculoskeletal system and frames the material as an internal device or foreign body, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>302415002 (Removal of suture from skin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.JD.AH (Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated suture-removal-from-skin code; LZZ.JD.AH covers removal of a device/foreign body from skin without incision but frames sutures as a "foreign body/device" and covers a broader NEC class.</td></tr><tr><td>443187002 (Removal of tattoo of skin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no explicit tattoo-removal code; the dominant clinical method is laser-mediated destruction of pigmented tissue, aligning with destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, though the code does not distinguish laser tattoo removal from other modalities.</td></tr><tr><td>128407004 (Removal of therapeutic shunt device)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.JD.AF (Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI's only shunt-specific code (IZA.SN.AF) covers management rather than removal; IZA.JD.AF captures removal-of-internal-device on an artery NEC, the closest structural match for vascular shunt device removal but not non-vascular shunts.</td></tr><tr><td>22800003 (Removal of thrombus from arteriovenous shunt or cannula)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.JE.AF (Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no AV-shunt thrombectomy code; IZA.JE.AF captures mechanical extraction of an obstructing thrombus from an arterial/vascular structure, approximate as it is a broad NEC artery category.</td></tr><tr><td>225713007 (Removal of vomit from airway)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAR.JB.AC (Oropharyngeal suctioning)</td><td>Vomit in the airway is typically cleared by oropharyngeal suctioning; the match is inexact because ICHI does not specify the content (vomit) and the airway scope may extend beyond the oropharynx.</td></tr><tr><td>253766005 (Renal capsulectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAA.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of kidney)</td><td>No specific capsulectomy code exists in the ICHI kidney block; excision of the renal fibrous capsule is anatomically distinct from local lesion excision, but this is the closest available excisional kidney category.</td></tr><tr><td>49868001 (Renal sympathectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADD.JK.AA (Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve)</td><td>Renal sympathectomy classically involves division/excision of the lumbar sympathetic chain supplying the kidney (L1–L2 ganglia), making ADD.JK.AA the closest available ICHI code; ICHI codes the procedure by nerve level (lumbar) rather than the target organ (kidney) and does not capture partial sympathectomy variants or the renal-specific intent.</td></tr><tr><td>230826009 (Renewal of subdural-pleural shunt)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.KA.AE (Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device)</td><td>A subdural-pleural shunt connects the subdural/spinal canal space to the pleural cavity; ABG.KA.AE captures the spinal canal target and the replacement action but does not encode the pleural destination or the specific shunt nature of the device.</td></tr><tr><td>33973002 (Repair of aneurysm by endoaneurysmoplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Endoaneurysmoplasty is an open surgical reconstruction of an arterial aneurysm; ICHI has no dedicated aneurysm repair code, so the closest is reconstruction of artery NEC, capturing the reconstructive nature but not the aneurysm target or the specific technique.</td></tr><tr><td>43785003 (Repair of aneurysm by endovascular coil embolization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)</td><td>Endovascular coil embolization (most commonly intracranial/cerebral) is best represented by this ICHI code, which covers endovascular embolisation of the intracranial artery; however, the SNOMED concept is body-site agnostic while the ICHI code is specific to the intracranial artery.</td></tr><tr><td>412711000 (Repair of aneurysm of hepatic artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery)</td><td>The hepatic artery falls within the abdominal artery territory captured by IEA.ML.AA, the closest anatomically relevant code; however, the ICHI action axis is reconstruction (ML) rather than repair (MK), and the code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the hepatic artery specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>75579003 (Repair of artery with vein graft of lower extremity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of lower limb)</td><td>IFA.ML.AA is anatomically correct (lower limb artery) and reconstruction encompasses vein graft interposition procedures; the equivalence is inexact because the ICHI action is "reconstruction" rather than "repair," and the vein graft as the specific means is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>251736005 (Repair of cleft palate using pharyngeal flap)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft palate)</td><td>This SNOMED concept describes a specific reconstructive technique (pharyngeal flap) used to address velopharyngeal incompetence; KAS.ML.AA captures the reconstructive nature and correct anatomical target, but does not encode the pharyngeal flap technique or the velopharyngeal origin.</td></tr><tr><td>15044006 (Repair of exstrophy of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.ML.AA (Reconstruction of urinary bladder)</td><td>Bladder exstrophy repair is a complex congenital reconstructive procedure; ICHI has no specific exstrophy code, and NAI.ML.AA is the closest conceptual match, capturing the reconstructive nature of the surgery, though it does not specify the congenital anomaly.</td></tr><tr><td>399158005 (Repair of fallopian tube by reimplantation into uterus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMC.ML.AA (Salpingoplasty)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for fallopian tube reimplantation into the uterus; the closest code is NMC.ML.AA (Salpingoplasty), which denotes reconstructive surgery of the fallopian tube but does not specifically encode the reimplantation-into-uterus technique.</td></tr><tr><td>80859008 (Repair of fascia of hand by graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGL.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies repair using a graft technique, which aligns more closely with reconstruction (MGL.ML.AA) than simple repair, since grafting implies tissue replacement or augmentation rather than direct suture repair. The ICHI code covers ligament or fascia together and includes finger alongside hand, making it a reasonable but not exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>234877005 (Repair of fixed orthodontic appliance component)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.SM.AC (Management of external appliance of tooth)</td><td>This is the closest available ICHI code — an orthodontic brace is a dental appliance and repair fits within "management" — but the SNOMED concept specifically refers to a fixed (bonded/cemented) appliance component, whereas the ICHI code describes management of an external appliance more generally, creating an approximate rather than direct match.</td></tr><tr><td>22213003 (Repair of inverted uterus by vaginal approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.LD.AC (Manual repositioning of inverted uterus)</td><td>ICHI has two codes for inverted uterus correction: surgical (NME.LD.AA) and manual (NME.LD.AC); vaginal-approach correction of uterine inversion is most commonly performed as manual repositioning (Johnson's maneuver) transvaginally, making NME.LD.AC the closest match, but it does not capture the surgical repair connotation of the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>77531006 (Repair of mastoid antrum or cavity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CDA.LA.AA (Obliteration of mastoid cavity)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "repair of mastoid antrum or cavity" code; the closest relevant procedure is CDA.LA.AA (Obliteration of mastoid cavity), which is a specific type of cavity repair (obliteration) under the mastoid sinus block. Repair of mastoid antrum or cavity encompasses a range of procedures beyond obliteration, so this is an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>77348002 (Repair of muscle of hand with graft of tendon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGM.ML.AA (Plastic operation on hand with graft of muscle)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifically describes repairing hand muscle using a tendon graft, whereas the closest ICHI code describes a plastic operation on the hand using a muscle graft; the graft material differs (tendon vs. muscle), so the match is approximate but not semantically equivalent or hierarchically aligned.</td></tr><tr><td>275189005 (Repair of nasopharynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nasopharynx)</td><td>"Repair of nasopharynx" and "Reconstruction of nasopharynx" are closely related but not identical — repair implies restoring structural integrity (e.g., suture, closure) while reconstruction implies a more extensive rebuilding, potentially with grafts or flaps. JAM.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for a general restorative intervention on the nasopharynx, but the action axis ML (reconstruction) is slightly more specific/extensive than a generic repair concept.</td></tr><tr><td>18701002 (Repair of tendon of hand with graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifies tendon repair using a graft technique, which aligns more closely with ICHI's "reconstruction" (ML action) than simple repair (MK action), as tendon reconstruction implies graft or plasty; however, "finger" is included in the ICHI title while absent from the SNOMED concept, and "graft" is not explicit in ICHI's title, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>312311004 (Replacement of ascending aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ascending aorta)</td><td>ICHI uses "reconstruction" rather than "replacement" for the ascending aorta, which corresponds to graft interposition or surgical repair — functionally overlapping with aortic replacement but not an exact terminological or semantic match, as reconstruction can include partial repairs that do not constitute full segment replacement.</td></tr><tr><td>175364008 (Replacement of carotid artery using graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IBB.ML.AA (Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial)</td><td>ICHI does not have a specific "replacement with graft" code for the carotid artery; IBB.ML.AA is the closest match as graft replacement is a form of arterial reconstruction, but the action axis (ML = reconstruction/graft) aligns well even though the SNOMED concept uses the term "replacement" rather than "reconstruction."</td></tr><tr><td>707802000 (Replacement of hormone implant in subcutaneous tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAB.KA.AA (Replacement of internal device of skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk)</td><td>ICHI captures replacement of an internal device in subcutaneous tissue but requires a body-region qualifier (trunk, head/neck, upper limb, lower limb), whereas the SNOMED concept is body-region agnostic; LAB.KA.AA (trunk) is chosen as the most clinically common site for hormone implants, but the match is approximate due to the region constraint.</td></tr><tr><td>302350006 (Repositioning of salivary duct)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAM.LJ.AA (Transposition of duct of major salivary gland)</td><td>"Repositioning" and "transposition" of a duct are clinically close — both describe moving the duct orifice to a new location — but the ICHI code specifies major salivary gland only and uses the term transposition rather than repositioning, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>243064009 (Reproductive education)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUA.PM.ZZ (Education about sexual functions)</td><td>"Reproductive education" spans sexual functions, fertility, pregnancy, and childbirth, but ICHI fragments this across multiple codes (NUA.PM.ZZ, NUD.PM.ZZ, etc.); NUA.PM.ZZ is the closest single assignable code but covers only a subset of the SNOMED concept's scope.</td></tr><tr><td>233105007 (Resection of subarterial outlet septum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBB.JI.AA (Local excision of right ventricular outflow tract tissue)</td><td>The subarterial outlet septum is a component of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and HBB.JI.AA captures excision of tissue in that location; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the outlet septum itself, so this is an approximate match at the anatomical region level.</td></tr><tr><td>43805005 (Resection of thoracic artery with replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IDA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of thorax)</td><td>Reconstruction of the thoracic artery (IDA.ML.AA) best captures the combined concept of resection and replacement of a thoracic artery segment; IDA.ML.AA implies resection-with-replacement as a reconstructive procedure, though it is not an exact semantic match for the combined SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>63970009 (Resection of upper limb artery with anastomosis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of artery of upper limb)</td><td>Resection with end-to-end or interposition anastomosis is a reconstructive procedure on the upper limb artery; ICA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI concept, as it implies resection of a diseased segment followed by reconstitution of arterial continuity, though ICHI does not encode the anastomosis technique explicitly.</td></tr><tr><td>425123005 (Respiratory therapy surveillance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JTB.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of respiration function)</td><td>JTB.AI.ZZ captures monitoring/surveillance of respiration function, which is the closest ICHI category to ongoing respiratory therapy surveillance; however, the SNOMED concept implies surveillance of the therapy process itself rather than purely of the physiological function, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>74596007 (Resuscitation with artificial respiration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JTB.DE.AC (Artificial ventilation)</td><td>The SNOMED concept specifically describes resuscitation delivered via artificial respiration (ventilatory support), which aligns most closely with ICHI's "Artificial ventilation." Neither ICHI code captures the combined resuscitation framing of the SNOMED concept exactly.</td></tr><tr><td>233498006 (Revascularization of upper limb)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ICA.LI.AA (Bypass of artery of upper limb)</td><td>The target (artery of upper limb) aligns well with the SNOMED concept's anatomical scope, but the ICHI action "bypass" represents one specific revascularization technique rather than the full range of revascularization procedures implied by the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>275076002 (Revision of artificial bladder neck sphincter in female)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.ML.AA (Reconstruction of bladder neck)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for revision of an artificial bladder neck sphincter; NAK.ML.AA (reconstruction of bladder neck) is the nearest available code covering corrective work at the bladder neck but does not capture the device-revision or female-specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>275078001 (Revision of artificial urinary sphincter around male bladder neck or sphincter)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAN.KA.AA (Replacement of device of urinary system, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for revision of an artificial urinary sphincter; NAN.KA.AA is the best residual option covering device revision within the urinary system, but does not reflect the sphincter target, bladder neck location, or male-specific anatomy.</td></tr><tr><td>450789001 (Revision of cardiac conduit)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBB.KA.AA (Replacement of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary artery)</td><td>HBB.KA.AA uses the action "KA" (replacement of device), which aligns with revising/replacing a cardiac conduit, but ICHI restricts this to the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to cardiac conduit generically.</td></tr><tr><td>46070005 (Revision of colostomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBP.MK.AA (Repair of colon)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "revision of colostomy" code; KBP.MK.AA "Repair of colon" is the closest available code representing a corrective intervention on the colon, though the stoma-specific nature is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>707807006 (Revision of dermofasciectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger)</td><td>Dermofasciectomy involves en bloc excision of skin and palmar fascia (typically for Dupuytren's contracture); ICHI captures the fascial component but not the concomitant skin excision or the revision character.</td></tr><tr><td>14265004 (Revision of exenteration of eye cavity with secondary graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAM.ML.AC (Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball)</td><td>BAM.ML.AC covers secondary/reconstructive procedures in the orbit after eyeball removal, aligning with revision with graft after exenteration; however, exenteration removes all orbital contents (not just the eyeball), and the code is broad rather than graft-specific.</td></tr><tr><td>429741000 (Revision of laser foraminoplasty of cervical spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBA.JJ.AA (Partial cervical vertebrectomy)</td><td>ICHI has no code for foraminoplasty; MBA.JJ.AA is the closest available code as both involve partial removal of cervical bony structures for decompression, but procedure targets, laser technique, and revision intent are not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>450815006 (Revision of prosthesis of abdominal aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated "revision of prosthesis" code for the abdominal aorta; "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta" (HIH.ML.AA) is the closest concept, as revision of an aortic graft/prosthesis is clinically performed as a reconstructive procedure, but "reconstruction" is broader and does not specifically denote prosthesis revision.</td></tr><tr><td>175332001 (Revision of prosthesis of bifurcation of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI has no code for the aortic bifurcation as a distinct target and no concept of prosthesis revision; HIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta) is the best available fit because aortic bifurcation prosthesis revision is anatomically within the abdominal aorta and operationally constitutes aortic reconstruction, though the bifurcation specificity and the re-do nature are both lost.</td></tr><tr><td>175331008 (Revision of prosthesis of thoracic aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIG.ML.AA (Reconstruction of descending thoracic aorta)</td><td>ICHI's "Reconstruction" (ML action) is the closest available concept to surgical revision of an aortic prosthesis/graft, but ICHI scopes this only to the descending thoracic aorta (HIG block) rather than the thoracic aorta as a whole. The SNOMED term is anatomically broader and procedurally more specific (revision of an existing prosthesis), while ICHI encodes a general reconstruction.</td></tr><tr><td>275073005 (Revision of prosthetic collar around female urinary bladder neck)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.ML.AD (Transurethral endoscopic repair of bladder neck with graft or prosthesis)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for revision of a prosthetic collar (artificial urinary sphincter cuff) at the bladder neck, nor does it distinguish female from male for this intervention. NAK.ML.AD captures repair/reconstruction at the bladder neck involving a prosthesis, which is the closest structural and anatomical match, but the action (repair vs. revision of existing device) and approach (transurethral vs. open/perineal) differ from the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>275077006 (Revision of prosthetic collar around male urinary bladder neck)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.ML.AD (Transurethral endoscopic repair of bladder neck with graft or prosthesis)</td><td>Same reasoning as 275073005 — ICHI has no sex-specific or device-revision-specific code for this procedure; NAK.ML.AD is the closest available code covering prosthesis-related intervention at the bladder neck, but it does not capture the revision nature of the procedure or the male-specific anatomical context.</td></tr><tr><td>440037005 (Revision of vaginal prosthesis by vaginal approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMH.KA.AC (Replacement and refitting of vaginal device)</td><td>NMH.KA.AC captures the concept of revision/refitting of a vaginal device via the transvaginal approach, which aligns best with this SNOMED concept, but "revision of prosthesis" and "replacement and refitting of device" are not exact semantic equivalents and the ICHI term is somewhat broader in scope.</td></tr><tr><td>301041000 (Revision open wire fixation of fracture)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LD.AA (Open reduction of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI contains no specific code for wire fixation (Kirschner wire, tension band) of a fracture; the closest available code covers open fracture reduction at an unspecified skeletal site, which shares the open surgical approach and bone target but does not encode the wire-based internal fixation technique, the "revision" nature, or the fact that it is fixation rather than reduction alone.</td></tr><tr><td>1237112006 (Revision parotidectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAL.JJ.AA (Partial excision of parotid gland)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for a revision (redo) parotidectomy; partial excision of the parotid gland is the closest procedure-type match since revision parotidectomy typically involves removing residual or recurrent parotid tissue after a prior operation, but the ICHI code does not encode the revision context and may not capture the full extent of the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>179747001 (Revision xenograft replacement extra-articular ligament)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MML.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ligaments of knee)</td><td>ICHI's most closely related code is "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee," but the SNOMED concept does not specify the knee and refers specifically to extra-articular ligament with xenograft (animal-derived) material in a revision setting — none of these distinctions (site generality, xenograft, extra-articular, revision) are captured in ICHI. The match is approximate and assumes the most common clinical context (knee ligament reconstruction).</td></tr><tr><td>178634006 (Revisional anterior excision of lumbar disc and fusion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes a combined revisional procedure — anterior lumbar discectomy plus spinal fusion — but no single ICHI code represents this combination. "Lumbar discectomy" captures the primary excision component only; the fusion element (MBM.LE.AA) and the revision/anterior-approach specificity are not reflected.</td></tr><tr><td>265715001 (Revisional anterior excision of lumbar disc and posterior fusion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBN.JJ.AA (Lumbar discectomy)</td><td>Like concept 178634006, this SNOMED concept combines revisional anterior lumbar discectomy with a posterior fusion, but ICHI has no combined code for this procedure. "Lumbar discectomy" captures only the disc excision component; the posterior fusion and the anterior/posterior dual-approach specificity are absent from ICHI's coding granularity.</td></tr><tr><td>229276001 (Rhythmic initiation technique)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MVD.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for control of voluntary movement functions)</td><td>Rhythmic initiation is a PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) technique where the therapist guides passive-to-active rhythmic movements to facilitate voluntary motor initiation; MVD.PG.ZZ captures the core action — therapist-assisted/led exercise targeting voluntary movement control — making it an approximate but not exact match since the PNF specificity and rhythmic nature are not encoded.</td></tr><tr><td>229241003 (Rhythmic stabilization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTC.PH.ZZ (Training for stability of joint functions)</td><td>Rhythmic stabilization is a PNF technique using alternating isometric contractions to improve joint stability and neuromuscular co-contraction; MTC.PH.ZZ (training for stability of joint functions) is the best available match as it targets the same functional goal — joint stabilization through exercise — but does not encode the isometric/rhythmic or PNF-specific methodology of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>282568009 (Ring annuloplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HDF.ML.AA (Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus)</td><td>ICHI has no generic valve-nonspecific annuloplasty procedure code; "Annuloplasty ring" in ICHI is an extension code (a therapeutic product specifier), not an assignable procedure. Ring annuloplasty is most frequently performed on the mitral valve and the procedure is best captured as valve reconstruction, but HDF.ML.AA is valve-specific (mitral) and does not encode the ring insertion technique, making this an approximate rather than a direct match.</td></tr><tr><td>176716008 (Sacrocolpopexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMH.LC.AB (Laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation)</td><td>Sacrocolpopexy is a laparoscopic procedure fixing the vaginal vault to the sacrum with mesh, and ICHI captures the laparoscopic approach and the vaginal fixation action, but does not encode the sacral attachment point or the use of mesh, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>236859002 (Sacrospinous fixation of vaginal vault)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMH.LC.AC (Vaginal suspension and fixation via transvaginal approach)</td><td>Both describe transvaginal fixation of the vaginal vault, and the approach (transvaginal) aligns well; however, ICHI does not specify the sacrospinous ligament as the fixation point, so the anatomical detail of the SNOMED concept is lost, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>91402007 (Salabrasion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Salabrasion is a mechanical abrasion of skin using salt crystals — functionally a destructive/ablative procedure on skin tissue — which maps approximately to the NEC destruction-of-skin code. ICHI has no specific abrasion, dermabrasion, or tattoo-removal code, and the body-site component of LZZ.GA.AH is unspecified (NEC), so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>17606004 (Sclerectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BCB.JI.AA (Local excision of lesion of sclera)</td><td>A sclerectomy is a full-thickness excision of a portion of scleral tissue (most commonly performed as a glaucoma filtering procedure), which is an excision of the sclera itself rather than excision of a discrete lesion within it; BCB.JI.AA is the closest available code in the sclera block but implies a lesion-targeted local excision rather than the tissue-removing filtration sclerectomy.</td></tr><tr><td>447099007 (Scraping of conjunctiva)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZX.AH.XH (Specimen collection of tissue)</td><td>Conjunctival scraping is performed to collect surface cellular material for cytological or microbiological analysis, which is functionally a tissue/cellular specimen collection procedure. No site-specific conjunctival specimen collection code exists in ICHI (the conjunctiva block BBA contains biopsy but not scraping), so the generic "specimen collection of tissue" code is the closest available match, though it does not specify the conjunctival site or scraping technique.</td></tr><tr><td>866148006 (Screening for domestic abuse)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VBB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours)</td><td>VBB.AA.ZZ (assessment of family and partner violence behaviours) is the best ICHI match for domestic abuse screening, as domestic abuse maps most closely to the "family and partner violence" target in ICHI; the fit is approximate because ICHI frames this as assessment of violence behaviours rather than clinical screening for abuse status, though the intent is similar.</td></tr><tr><td>762447008 (Screening for nutritional disorder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KTN.AA.ZZ (Assessment of weight maintenance functions)</td><td>ICHI lacks a dedicated nutritional disorder assessment code; KTN.AA.ZZ is the closest in the digestive system function hierarchy, but it covers only weight maintenance rather than the full scope of nutritional disorders (deficiencies, overnutrition, metabolic nutritional conditions), making it an approximate and partial match.</td></tr><tr><td>300004007 (Screening for osteoporosis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.AC.BA (Bone mineral density studies)</td><td>Bone mineral density studies (DEXA/DXA) represent the principal method used for osteoporosis screening, making this a clinically close match; however, the SNOMED concept is the act of screening (which may also include risk assessment tools and questionnaires), whereas the ICHI code denotes the specific measurement procedure, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>57238002 (Selective embolization of artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.LA.AF (Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no generic "embolisation of artery" code — all embolisation/occlusion codes are region-specific, and the best non-region-specific match is endovascular occlusion of artery NEC, which conflates embolisation with other occlusion techniques and does not capture the "selective" (branch-specific targeting) nature of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>234246002 (Selective neck dissection of cervical lymph nodes)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DFB.JK.AA (Total excision of cervical lymph node)</td><td>Selective neck dissection is a distinct oncological surgical procedure that removes defined groups of cervical lymph nodes while preserving key structures; ICHI's "total excision of cervical lymph node" does not reflect the multi-nodal-group, structure-preserving nature of selective neck dissection, and the only other candidate — radical neck dissection (DFB.JL.AA) — represents a more extensive, different procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>386420003 (Self-care assistance: bathing/hygiene)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMB.RB.ZZ (Practical support with washing oneself)</td><td>SMB.RB.ZZ represents practical support (assistance) with washing/bathing, which is the closest match for the bathing component of the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not combine bathing and hygiene into one code, and the hygiene component would require a separate code (e.g. SMC.RB.ZZ for caring for body parts), making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>311622007 (Sentence mapping)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language)</td><td>Sentence mapping is a specific speech-language therapy technique targeting sentence-level language processing (commonly used in aphasia rehabilitation). ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique; AUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language) is the nearest intervention category but covers a far broader range of language training interventions.</td></tr><tr><td>172760006 (Septorhinoplasty using graft)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of nose)</td><td>Septorhinoplasty is a combined procedure addressing both the nasal septum and external nose using graft material; ICHI does not have a combined septorhinoplasty code. JAA.ML.AA captures the rhinoplasty/reconstruction component of the nose, but it omits the septal correction component and the graft specificity, making it an approximate rather than precise match.</td></tr><tr><td>58071000087101 (Setting limit on substance use)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VA1.WF.ZZ (Restrictions concerning the consumption or use of products or technologies, unspecified)</td><td>"Setting limit on substance use" is a clinical/behavioural intervention (typically advising a patient to reduce use), whereas ICHI's VA1.WF.ZZ and related WF codes represent regulatory/legal restrictions on consumption. The closest individual-level match within VA1 would be VA1.PN.ZZ (Advising about substance-related and addictive behaviours), but neither fully captures "setting a limit" as a specific therapeutic act — the concept sits between advising and restriction without an exact ICHI equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>243070003 (Sexual abuse counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VBB.PP.ZZ (Counselling about family and partner violence behaviours)</td><td>There is no ICHI code specific to sexual abuse counselling; the closest available code targets family and partner violence behaviours (which commonly encompasses sexual abuse in the intimate/family context). The match is approximate because sexual abuse in ICHI's behaviour taxonomy is not separated from other violence types, and VBB.PP.ZZ is broader, covering all family/partner violence counselling rather than the sexual abuse dimension specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>229111007 (Shoulder shrugging exercises)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTB.PH.ZZ (Training of joint mobility)</td><td>Shoulder shrugging exercises target shoulder/scapular joint mobility and muscle function; MTB.PH.ZZ is the closest mobility-training concept but is generic across joints and does not capture the specific muscle activation aspect.</td></tr><tr><td>1371280001 (Simple limbal epithelial transplantation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBB.KD.AA (Corneal transplant)</td><td>SLET transplants limbal stem cells from the corneal-conjunctival junction; BBB.KD.AA is the closest available code but is oriented toward corneal grafting rather than limbal epithelial cell transplantation specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>16534511000119102 (Single photon emission computed tomography of bones of whole body)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BF (Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is SPECT specifically targeting the skeletal system across the entire body (bone scan), while the ICHI code refers to whole-body SPECT without specifying bone as the target — close in scope but not a precise match.</td></tr><tr><td>171237002 (Skin disease screening)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AE.AH (Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI lacks a dedicated skin-disease screening code; inspection of the skin is the closest procedural match since clinical skin screening is fundamentally a visual/physical inspection, though it does not convey population-level or preventive screening intent.</td></tr><tr><td>170856006 (Skin disorder monitoring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LT2.AM.ZZ (Observation of skin functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Observation of skin functions" is the nearest ICHI equivalent for ongoing monitoring of a skin disorder, capturing the surveillance/follow-up intent, though it frames the activity around functional observation rather than disorder-focused clinical monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td>119848001 (Skin of extremity closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.LC.AA (Fixation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI uses "fixation" (LC) for wound/skin closure with body-site-specific codes for upper limb (LAE.LC.AA) and lower limb (LAG.LC.AA); SNOMED covers extremity in general without specifying which limb, so the NEC code is best, though "fixation" is not a perfect match for "closure".</td></tr><tr><td>119842000 (Skin of head transposition)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)</td><td>Skin transposition (local flap transfer) is not the same as a skin graft, but LAA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for tissue movement to head-or-neck skin; site specificity matches, but the procedural action (graft vs. transposition/flap) is approximate rather than exact.</td></tr><tr><td>119841007 (Skin of neck transposition)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LAA.ML.AA (Skin graft to head or neck)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for skin; a local flap rearrangement is most closely represented by the reconstruction/graft category for head-or-neck skin. The match is approximate because grafting and transposition are related but not identical, and the ICHI target covers head and neck combined.</td></tr><tr><td>713700008 (Smoking cessation drug therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VAB.TI.ZZ (Prescription related to tobacco use)</td><td>VAB.TI.ZZ covers prescribing interventions for tobacco use behaviours, aligning with prescribing cessation pharmacotherapy, but "drug therapy" as ongoing administered treatment is conceptually broader than the act of prescribing alone.</td></tr><tr><td>406551008 (Social assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VEK.AA.ZZ (Assessment of social behaviours)</td><td>"Social assessment" in clinical practice typically evaluates a patient's social circumstances, support networks, and participation; the ICHI code focuses on social behaviours as a public health target, not a fully equivalent construct.</td></tr><tr><td>439807007 (Social integration therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXB.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in community life)</td><td>Social integration therapy aims to support reintegration into community/social roles, aligning with training in engaging in community life; however, "therapy" implies a more structured therapeutic process than training/rehabilitation.</td></tr><tr><td>265190000 (Soft tissue correction of hallux valgus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOJ.FC.AA (Release of joint of foot or toe)</td><td>Soft tissue correction of hallux valgus releases and rebalances soft tissues (capsule, tendons, ligaments) around the first MTP joint; MOJ.FC.AA captures the dominant component but the SNOMED concept may include additional soft tissue steps.</td></tr><tr><td>225307000 (Special observation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.AM.ZZ (Observation of whole person)</td><td>PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest ICHI equivalent covering clinical observation at the whole-person level without specifying a body system; however, the SNOMED "special observation" implies directed/heightened monitoring, whereas the ICHI code is a generic, unspecified observation, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>424748009 (Speech and language therapy surveillance)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JU1.AM.ZZ (Observation of voice and speech functions, unspecified)</td><td>"Surveillance" implies ongoing monitoring of speech and language status, mapping most closely to ICHI Observation (AM) on voice and speech; however, JU1.AM.ZZ does not cover the language axis and "observation" is narrower than "surveillance" (which typically includes structured follow-up, outcome tracking, and reporting).</td></tr><tr><td>183273007 (Speech defect remedial therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JUC.PH.ZZ (Training of speech functions)</td><td>ICHI does not encode a "remedial" or "defect-corrective" distinction within training codes, so the closest available code is JUC.PH.ZZ (Training of speech functions), which covers therapeutic training of speech but does not specify that the intervention targets a defect.</td></tr><tr><td>311641005 (Speech promotion therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JUC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for speech functions)</td><td>"Speech promotion therapy" implies proactive facilitation rather than corrective training, mapping most closely to JUC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for speech functions) — an action code emphasising guided, facilitative exercise; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated "promotion" action code.</td></tr><tr><td>66285000 (Sphenoid endoscopy with removal of mucous membrane)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAI.JI.AD (Endoscopic local excision of lesion of sphenoidal sinus)</td><td>JAI.JI.AD captures the endoscopic approach and local tissue removal from the sphenoid sinus, but ICHI frames it as excision of a "lesion" rather than mucous membrane stripping specifically; procedural intent is similar but anatomical scope is not precisely mirrored.</td></tr><tr><td>287225002 (Spinal bone fragment elevation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LD.AA (Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Elevation of a displaced spinal bone fragment is functionally a form of open reduction of a vertebral element; no specific "fragment elevation" code exists in ICHI, so open reduction of vertebra is the closest structural equivalent, though it is broader and does not specify fragment elevation.</td></tr><tr><td>89516003 (Spinal injection of alcohol)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.GA.AE (Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal)</td><td>Alcohol is a destructive/neurolytic agent and ABG.GA.AE covers percutaneous injection of a destructive agent into the spinal canal; the SNOMED concept does not specify the route is strictly into the spinal canal (could be epidural or perineural), making this approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>56390001 (Spinal injection of phenol)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABG.GA.AE (Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal)</td><td>Phenol is a neurolytic/destructive agent and spinal phenol injection mirrors alcohol injection in mechanism, mapping to the same destructive-agent code; the SNOMED concept does not restrict the anatomical compartment to the spinal canal specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>385728004 (Spiritual comfort)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXH.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for engaging in religion and spirituality)</td><td>Spiritual comfort aligns most closely with SXH.RC.ZZ, which represents emotional support in the context of religious/spiritual engagement; the ICHI code captures the supportive/affective dimension but does not precisely encode "comfort" as a discrete intervention type.</td></tr><tr><td>231269000 (Splanchnic nerve block)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADC.DC.AE (Injection of anaesthetic into thoracic sympathetic nerve)</td><td>The splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least) are thoracic sympathetic nerves, making ADC.DC.AE the anatomically closest match; however, ICHI has no splanchnic-specific code and the splanchnic plexus block at the celiac level may extend beyond the thoracic sympathetic trunk.</td></tr><tr><td>112947006 (Splanchnicectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADC.JK.AA (Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve)</td><td>Splanchnicectomy is excision of the splanchnic nerves, which are thoracic sympathetic nerves; ADC.JK.AA is the best available match, but ICHI has no splanchnic-specific excision code and the SNOMED concept may also cover partial or bilateral procedures.</td></tr><tr><td>372083001 (Spleen imaging)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DJA.BA.BE (Spleen scan or function study)</td><td>ICHI's only spleen imaging code specifically represents a nuclear scan/function study, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any imaging modality (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear); no generic spleen imaging code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>229225004 (Sport participated in as part of therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXC.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in recreation and leisure)</td><td>ICHI has no code specifically for therapeutic sport participation; SXC.PH.ZZ is the closest match as it covers structured facilitation of sport/leisure activities, but is framed as training/skill-building rather than therapeutic sport participation per se.</td></tr><tr><td>408916001 (Sputum specimen care assessment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JTG.AA.ZZ (Assessment of coughing, sneezing, expectorating and other functions related to breathing)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is an assessment of the sputum specimen care process, whereas JTG.AA.ZZ assesses expectorating as a respiratory function; both are assessments in the sputum/expectorating domain but the ICHI code targets physiological function rather than specimen care procedures.</td></tr><tr><td>179825009 (Stabilization of joint by repair of capsule)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.LC.AA (Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no capsulorrhaphy-specific code; MRJ.LC.AA captures the stabilisation outcome at an unspecified joint site but does not encode the specific mechanism (capsule repair/plication), resulting in an approximate match lacking both site and technique specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>239437008 (Stabilization of shoulder joint)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDL.LC.AA (Stabilisation of shoulder)</td><td>ICHI has no stabilisation code under the shoulder joint block (MDJ); the only shoulder stabilisation code sits under the ligament or fascia of shoulder region block (MDL), reflecting that shoulder stabilisation procedures act on capsulolabral/ligamentous structures rather than the joint cavity itself, creating an axis mismatch between the SNOMED joint target and the ICHI ligament/fascia target.</td></tr><tr><td>239552003 (Stabilization of spinal dislocation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBZ.LE.AA (Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no code explicitly for stabilization of spinal dislocation; spinal fusion (MBZ.LE.AA) represents the definitive stabilization procedure performed after reduction of a spinal dislocation and is the closest functional equivalent, but the ICHI code does not capture the dislocation context or the reduction component inherent in the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>386733008 (Stamey endoscopic suspension of neck of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.LC.AC (Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck)</td><td>The Stamey procedure is an endoscopic needle suspension of the bladder neck for stress urinary incontinence; NAK.LC.AC captures the correct target, action (suspension), and approach (transvaginal), but ICHI does not encode the specific Stamey needle technique.</td></tr><tr><td>67059003 (Stapedectomy with incus replacement)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBF.JJ.AC (Stapedectomy)</td><td>CBF.JJ.AC covers stapedectomy but does not capture the incus replacement component of this procedure; the ossicular reconstruction aspect is present in CBF.ML.AC, but neither code alone captures the combined stapedectomy-plus-incus-replacement procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>65392003 (Stapling of artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.LA.AA (Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Stapling of an artery achieves surgical occlusion of the vessel, matching the action coded in IZA.LA.AA; ICHI does not specify stapling as the means and "not elsewhere classified" indicates a residual code, though the functional outcome is well represented.</td></tr><tr><td>58551009 (Stapling of carpal bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGB.LL.AA (Limb shortening procedures of bone of hand or finger)</td><td>Epiphyseal stapling of a carpal bone is a limb-shortening/growth-arrest procedure, and carpal bones fall within the MGB target; however MGB.LL.AA encompasses all limb-shortening procedures without specifying the stapling technique or the carpal bone specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>86749008 (Stripping and ligation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IFD.JJ.AA (Partial excision of lower limb vein)</td><td>"Stripping and ligation" almost universally refers to surgical treatment of varicose saphenous veins. ICHI has no dedicated code for this combined procedure; "Partial excision of lower limb vein" is the closest structural match for the stripping component but omits the ligation step.</td></tr><tr><td>22977002 (Stripping of bone)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>Periosteal stripping has no dedicated ICHI code; "Debridement of bone of unspecified site" is the closest available action on bone but implies removing necrotic or foreign material rather than stripping the periosteal layer.</td></tr><tr><td>1995001 (Stripping of cerebral meninges)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAC.JJ.AA (Partial excision of cerebral meninges)</td><td>Stripping (meningolysis or cortical decortication) differs from true excision, but ICHI's "Partial excision of cerebral meninges" is the closest available code in the cerebral meninges block.</td></tr><tr><td>265121005 (Stripping of intrinsic muscle origin from os calcis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MOL.JJ.AA (Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe)</td><td>Stripping of intrinsic muscle origins from the calcaneus most closely aligns with excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe; however, the ICHI code does not precisely capture the muscle-origin-stripping aspect, and no foot muscle-specific stripping code exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>72575001 (Stripping of spinal meninges)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ABC.JG.AA (Debridement of spinal meninges)</td><td>Stripping of spinal meninges (meningolysis) involves mechanically removing or peeling meningeal tissue; debridement implies removal of devitalised tissue whereas meningeal stripping is typically performed to release adhesions, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>73474008 (Stump elongation of upper extremity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.LK.AA (Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI's limb lengthening codes cover distraction osteogenesis of bone, whereas stump elongation may involve soft-tissue or osseous techniques across the whole upper extremity without specifying a single bone; MRB.LK.AA is the closest available unspecified-site limb lengthening code but is an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>233511004 (Subclavian artery cannula insertion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZA.DL.AF (Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for subclavian artery cannula insertion; no DL (device insertion) code exists within the upper-limb or head/neck artery blocks, so the NEC residual category is the closest available match, though "transluminal" does not precisely align with simple cannulation technique.</td></tr><tr><td>415662004 (Substance misuse monitoring)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VA1.AA.ZZ (Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated monitoring code for substance misuse; VA1.AA.ZZ is the closest approximation, as monitoring is an ongoing form of assessment, but the ICHI code does not specifically convey the longitudinal surveillance aspect of misuse monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td>423416000 (Substance use cessation case management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination)</td><td>ICHI has no code combining substance-use cessation with case management; PZB.TD.ZZ captures the care management and coordination component but does not encode the substance-use or cessation context, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>424589009 (Substance use treatment: cessation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VA1.PP.ZZ (Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified)</td><td>ICHI lacks a specific cessation treatment code for substance use; VA1.PP.ZZ is the closest clinical-intervention code covering therapeutic work aimed at behaviour change, but it does not capture the full scope of cessation treatment which may include pharmacotherapy or structured programs beyond counselling.</td></tr><tr><td>702738006 (Supervision of high risk pregnancy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUE.AI.ZZ (Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy)</td><td>NUE.AI.ZZ covers ongoing monitoring of pregnancy-related functions, which is a core component of high-risk pregnancy supervision. However, the SNOMED concept implies a broader care management role including risk stratification, while the ICHI code is limited to the monitoring action.</td></tr><tr><td>710821002 (Support of spiritual ritual)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SXH.RB.ZZ (Practical support with engaging in religion and spirituality)</td><td>Supporting a spiritual ritual is a form of practical support for religious and spiritual engagement, which aligns closely with SXH.RB.ZZ. The ICHI code is slightly broader (covers all religion and spirituality engagement, not only ritual specifically).</td></tr><tr><td>1172623006 (Support of victim of intimate partner violence)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>VBB.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for family and partner violence behaviours)</td><td>VBB.RC.ZZ targets the violence behaviour itself (family and partner violence) rather than framing the intervention as directed at a victim, and also encompasses family violence beyond intimate partners; the semantic fit is approximate but this is the closest available ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>274356009 (Surgical biopsy of biliary system)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCM.AD.AA (Biopsy of bile duct)</td><td>KCM.AD.AA represents an open (approach AA) biopsy of the bile duct, which aligns with the surgical approach and is the closest structural match, but "biliary system" in SNOMED is broader than "bile duct" alone (it could include the gallbladder and hepatic ducts), making this an approximate rather than exact or simple wider/narrower equivalence.</td></tr><tr><td>287522000 (Surgical biopsy of female perineum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAW.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of perineum)</td><td>The target (perineum) and action (biopsy/AD) match precisely, but ICHI only encodes a percutaneous (AE) approach here — no open surgical (AA) variant exists for this site. The SNOMED term specifies a surgical approach, making this an approximate rather than exact match; additionally, ICHI's perineum block is anatomically sex-neutral, while the SNOMED concept is scoped to the female perineum.</td></tr><tr><td>287560009 (Surgical biopsy of gastrointestinal tract)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KZZ.AD.AA (Intestinal biopsy, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>This is the closest residual ICHI code for a non-site-specific GI biopsy, but "intestinal" does not cover the full gastrointestinal tract (it excludes oesophagus and stomach), and the SNOMED concept is explicitly a surgical/open approach whereas ICHI does not specify means (ZZ implied). A broader GI biopsy NEC code does not exist in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>287525003 (Surgical biopsy of male perineum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAW.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of perineum)</td><td>PAW.AD.AE covers biopsy of the perineum but specifies a percutaneous approach, whereas the SNOMED concept denotes a surgical (open/incisional) approach; no open biopsy of perineum code exists in ICHI. Additionally, ICHI does not restrict the target to male perineum specifically, making this an approximate match on both approach and sex-specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>308000002 (Surgical biopsy of skin)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI bundles skin and subcutaneous tissue together and only classifies skin biopsy as percutaneous (AE), whereas SNOMED's "surgical biopsy" implies an open/incisional approach; LZZ.AD.AE is the closest site-unspecified code but differs in both approach and target scope.</td></tr><tr><td>287563006 (Surgical biopsy of subcutaneous tissue)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.AD.AE (Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no standalone subcutaneous tissue biopsy code — it groups skin and subcutaneous tissue together under a single target axis, and the only site-unspecified biopsy code specifies a percutaneous rather than open surgical approach.</td></tr><tr><td>1805005 (Surgical closure of stoma)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PTB.LA.AC (Closure of enterostomy)</td><td>ICHI distinguishes stoma closure by specific type (gastrostomy PTA.LA.AC, enterostomy PTB.LA.AC, tracheostomy PTC.LA.AC) but has no single generic "closure of stoma" code that spans all types. PTB.LA.AC is selected as a representative approximate match for a generic stoma closure, though it applies only to intestinal stomas.</td></tr><tr><td>274052000 (Surgical dislocation reduction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.LD.AA (Open reduction of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI structures joint reduction by specific site and approach (open vs. closed), with no single code covering "dislocation reduction" generically across all joints; MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction at an unspecified joint site, which approximates the surgical (open) intent but does not capture closed surgical reduction, and ICHI's "LD" action (repositioning) maps well to dislocation reduction semantics.</td></tr><tr><td>265730005 (Surgical manipulation of coccyx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBU.LD.AH (Closed reduction of coccyx)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "manipulation of coccyx" code; the coccyx block contains reduction, osteotomy, excision, and immobilisation codes but not a general manipulation category. Closed reduction (MBU.LD.AH) is the closest procedural analog for a manual surgical manipulation of the coccyx, but it implies a fracture/dislocation context that the SNOMED term does not necessarily specify.</td></tr><tr><td>29454005 (Surgical occlusion of aorta)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HIH.LA.AA (Partial occlusion of abdominal aorta)</td><td>ICHI lacks a general "occlusion of aorta" code — all aortic occlusion codes are segment-specific (ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal) and qualified as "partial"; HIH.LA.AA is the most commonly referenced aortic occlusion code but differs from the SNOMED concept in both anatomical specificity and the "partial" qualifier.</td></tr><tr><td>450826000 (Surgical procedure on internal thoracic artery by transluminal approach)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IDA.LG.AF (Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of thorax)</td><td>ICHI does not have a code specific to the internal thoracic artery; the target axis IDA covers arteries of the thorax in general, and the means axis AF encodes the percutaneous/endovascular transluminal approach. IDA.LG.AF is the best fitting assignable code for a transluminal intervention on a thoracic artery, but it specifies dilatation as the action whereas the SNOMED concept is agnostic to the specific procedure type, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>230897007 (Surgical procedure on intracranial aneurysm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of intracranial artery)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated code for intracranial aneurysm repair (neither clipping nor coiling appears as a named code); "Reconstruction of intracranial artery" (IAA.ML.AA) is the closest assignable code that encompasses surgical repair/reconstruction of an intracranial arterial abnormality such as an aneurysm. The match is approximate because the aneurysm-specific pathology is not encoded, and endovascular coiling would instead map to IAA.LA.AF.</td></tr><tr><td>89844005 (Surgical reduction of torsion of testis with orchiopexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGL.LC.AA (Orchiopexy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept combines two distinct components — detorsion of the testis and orchiopexy (fixation to prevent recurrence) — but ICHI codes these separately: NGD.LD.AA covers reduction of torsion of spermatic cord while NGL.LC.AA covers orchiopexy. Orchiopexy is chosen as the primary mapping because it is the definitive surgical fixation step that characterises this combined procedure, but the match is inexact as neither code alone captures the full dual intent of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>33398007 (Surgical sequestration)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRB.JG.AA (Debridement of bone of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI contains no code for sequestrectomy (removal of necrotic bone sequestrum); debridement of bone at an unspecified site is the functionally closest match, capturing the removal of devitalised bone tissue, though debridement is a broader concept than the specific act of sequestrum excision.</td></tr><tr><td>231735002 (Surgical trabeculoplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BBE.LI.AA (Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye)</td><td>ICHI lacks a dedicated trabeculoplasty code; "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye" best reflects the functional goal of trabeculoplasty — improving aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork — though it does not specify the surgical/laser technique or the trabecular meshwork as the target structure.</td></tr><tr><td>448410004 (Suturing of ligament of shoulder joint)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MDL.LB.AA (Reattachment of ligament or fascia of shoulder)</td><td>There is no "repair" code in the shoulder ligament block; the closest available concept is MDL.LB.AA (reattachment), which overlaps in intent with suturing/repair of a ligament but denotes reattachment specifically. This is an approximate match as suturing a shoulder ligament may or may not involve reattachment from a bony site.</td></tr><tr><td>225137003 (Swabbing skin area)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DB.AH (External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Swabbing a skin area (e.g., with an antiseptic or cleansing agent) is best approximated by LZZ.DB.AH, which covers external application of a substance to the skin. The match is inexact because "swabbing" connotes a physical cleansing/sampling action that is not perfectly captured by "external application," and no specimen-collection or skin-cleansing code specific to a generic skin area exists in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>33567009 (Synovectomy of tendon sheath)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.JJ.AA (Tenonectomy of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated synovectomy of tendon sheath code; MRT.JJ.AA "Tenonectomy of unspecified site" is the closest available code, representing excision of tendon tissue at an unspecified location, but it describes excision of the tendon itself rather than specifically the synovial lining (sheath) of the tendon.</td></tr><tr><td>85396007 (Synovial fluid analysis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRJ.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no code for laboratory analysis of synovial fluid; MRJ.JB.AE is the closest code as it represents the procedural step of percutaneously obtaining fluid from a joint, but it does not capture the analytical/diagnostic laboratory examination component.</td></tr><tr><td>241720001 (Taping of eyelid)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BAA.DK.AH (Dressing of eyelid)</td><td>Taping of the eyelid (typically used to keep the eye closed in facial palsy or protect the cornea) is an external application to the eyelid, which is functionally similar to dressing; BAA.DK.AH is anatomically precise (eyelid) and the action axis DK covers external application/dressing, but "dressing" does not fully capture the mechanical fixation purpose of taping.</td></tr><tr><td>288078009 (Tendon transposition)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)</td><td>Tendon transposition (re-routing a tendon to a new attachment without detaching it from its origin) is closely related to but conceptually distinct from tendon transfer (which involves detachment and reattachment). MRT.LJ.AA is the best available match at an unspecified site, but the equivalence is inexact due to both the procedural distinction and the lack of a specified anatomical site in the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>118659004 (Tenosuspension)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.ML.AA (Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site)</td><td>Tenosuspension (using a tendon as a suspensory sling/anchor) does not have a direct ICHI equivalent; MRT.ML.AA (reconstruction) is the closest action since suspension procedures involve rerouting/reattaching tendon tissue, but the concepts are not directly equivalent and no dedicated ICHI suspension code exists.</td></tr><tr><td>305064008 (Therapeutic stretching)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MTB.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for mobility of joint functions)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated stretching or flexibility code; the closest functional rehabilitation concept is guided exercise to improve joint mobility, which overlaps substantially with therapeutic stretching intent. However, the ICHI code is restricted to the joint-mobility functional target and does not explicitly capture soft-tissue or muscle stretching as a distinct intervention.</td></tr><tr><td>119945004 (Thyroid gland closure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBA.MK.AA (Suture of thyroid gland)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated "thyroid closure" code; suture of the thyroid gland is the closest available wound-closure intervention on the thyroid, but "closure" in SNOMED may encompass techniques beyond suturing alone.</td></tr><tr><td>119947007 (Thyroid gland repair)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>EBA.MK.AA (Suture of thyroid gland)</td><td>EBA.MK.AA is the only repair-type code in the ICHI thyroid block, and suturing is a common form of organ repair, but "repair" is a broader concept that may include techniques not covered by suture alone.</td></tr><tr><td>34935006 (Toe to finger transfer, first stage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PME.LB.AA (Reattachment of finger, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>A toe-to-finger transfer (first stage) involves toe procurement for microsurgical transplantation to reconstruct a finger; ICHI lacks a specific code for toe-to-finger transfer, and PME.LB.AA is the closest covering reattachment/microsurgical work at the finger.</td></tr><tr><td>88762003 (Toe to finger transfer, second stage)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PME.ML.AA (Reconstruction of finger)</td><td>The second stage of a toe-to-finger transfer typically involves completion of the reconstruction (inset, revascularisation, refinement); PME.ML.AA best reflects the reconstructive outcome but does not capture the staged/microsurgical nature or the toe origin.</td></tr><tr><td>60562006 (Tooth extraction, root removal of exposed roots)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.JE.AC (Extraction of tooth without incision)</td><td>Removal of exposed (retained) roots is typically performed without mucosal incision using forceps or elevators, aligning closest with KAE.JE.AC, but ICHI does not distinguish root-only removal from full-tooth extraction.</td></tr><tr><td>443231000 (Total excision of nail and nail matrix with amputation of tuft of distal phalanx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LBF.JK.AA (Total excision of nail of toe)</td><td>This SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining total nail excision, nail matrix removal, and bony tuft amputation (MOB.JN.AA territory); no single ICHI code covers all three components. LBF.JK.AA captures the dominant nail excision component but omits the nail matrix removal and the bony amputation, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>237368004 (Total mastectomy and excision of part of pectoral muscles and chest wall)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LCA.JL.AA (Radical mastectomy)</td><td>Radical mastectomy classically involves removal of the breast with pectoral muscles (Halsted procedure), which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's inclusion of pectoral muscle and chest wall excision alongside total mastectomy; however, "radical" in ICHI may imply a fully standardised extent that does not precisely map to the partial chest wall excision variant described in the SNOMED term, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>718630007 (Training to manage personal hygiene)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SMC.PH.ZZ (Training in caring for body parts)</td><td>Personal hygiene management maps most closely to "caring for body parts" (SMC.PH.ZZ), which covers the activity-level self-care task of keeping one's body clean — the core of personal hygiene. The match is inexact because personal hygiene also encompasses behaviours like hand hygiene addressed under VED.PH.ZZ, and the SNOMED concept is somewhat broader than the single ICHI code captures.</td></tr><tr><td>448767009 (Transcatheter embolization of intracranial vessel)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IAA.LA.AF (Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery)</td><td>The SNOMED concept refers to any intracranial vessel (artery or vein), while ICHI specifies the intracranial artery; there is no single ICHI code covering endovascular embolisation of intracranial vessels generally, so this is an approximate match that may exclude intracranial venous embolizations.</td></tr><tr><td>870382003 (Transfer of gluteus maximus tendon)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site)</td><td>The gluteus maximus (hip/pelvic region) has no dedicated tendon transfer code in ICHI — the hip tendon block contains only tenotomy and division codes — so the unspecified-site fallback MRT.LJ.AA is the best available match. The action (tendon transfer) is semantically correct but the anatomical specificity is entirely absent.</td></tr><tr><td>444115008 (Transfer of tibialis anterior tendon through interosseous membrane of leg)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MNT.LJ.AA (Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle)</td><td>MNT.LJ.AA resides in the "Interventions on tendon of lower leg" block and covers lower-leg tendon transfer, which includes the tibialis anterior. However, the ICHI title references "ankle" rather than the specific tibialis anterior tendon, and does not encode the distinctive surgical route through the interosseous membrane, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>699074005 (Transgastric plication of esophageal varices)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.LA.AD (Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus)</td><td>ICHI has no specific code for transgastric plication of oesophageal varices; KBA.LA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and occlusive intent on the oesophagus, but does not specify the transgastric route, the plication technique, or that the target is varices specifically.</td></tr><tr><td>421239004 (Transillumination of eye)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>BZA.AA.ZZ (Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated eye transillumination code; the only transillumination codes in ICHI are for paranasal sinus and infant skull. Transillumination of the eye is a diagnostic assessment technique, so BZA.AA.ZZ captures the general intent but does not reflect the specific illumination-based method.</td></tr><tr><td>309889005 (Transillumination of tooth)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated tooth transillumination code; transillumination of a tooth (fiber-optic transillumination/FOTI) is a diagnostic dental examination technique, so KAE.AE.AC is the closest available code. The match is approximate as it does not convey the specific transillumination method.</td></tr><tr><td>265506006 (Translocation of branch of renal artery)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IEA.LB.AA (Reimplantation of aberrant renal vessel)</td><td>IEA.LB.AA is the only ICHI code specifically addressing surgical repositioning/reattachment of a renal vessel; "reimplantation" overlaps with "translocation," but reimplantation of aberrant renal vessel implies correcting a congenital anomaly, while translocation of branch of renal artery is a broader surgical repositioning concept.</td></tr><tr><td>233093006 (Transluminal left ventricular outflow tract laser operation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>HBA.JI.AA (Local excision of left ventricular outflow tract tissue)</td><td>Both target the left ventricular outflow tract with the therapeutic aim of reducing obstructive tissue, but the SNOMED concept specifies a transluminal laser whereas ICHI codes only an open local excision; no transluminal or laser/destruction code exists for the LVOT in ICHI.</td></tr><tr><td>56429009 (Transnasal eustachian tube inflation with catheterization)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBH.LG.AC (Dilatation of eustachian tube)</td><td>Eustachian tube inflation achieves dilatation/opening of the tube, making CBH.LG.AC the closest semantic match. However, the SNOMED concept combines inflation with catheterization as a composite procedure, and ICHI represents these as separate codes, so neither alone is a precise equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>6471000179103 (Transplantation of kidney and pancreas)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCO.KD.AA (Pancreatic transplant)</td><td>ICHI has no combined kidney-pancreas transplant code (unlike heart-lung); the pancreatic transplant code is selected as the less-routine organ in this combined procedure, but the kidney transplantation component (NAA.KD.AA) is omitted.</td></tr><tr><td>13392003 (Transplantation of larynx)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.ML.AA (Reconstruction of larynx)</td><td>There is no JAN.KD.AA (larynx transplantation) code in ICHI; reconstruction of the larynx is the closest available code within the larynx block, but it does not convey the transplantation action (allograft replacement of the entire organ).</td></tr><tr><td>174691005 (Transplantation of pancreas and duodenum)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KCO.KD.AA (Pancreatic transplant)</td><td>ICHI has no combined pancreas-duodenum transplant code and no duodenum transplant code; KCO.KD.AA covers the pancreatic component but omits the duodenum, losing the clinically significant co-transplantation of the duodenal segment.</td></tr><tr><td>19175006 (Transposition of tendon of hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MGT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger)</td><td>ICHI uses MGT (tendon of hand or finger) with action LJ (transfer/transplantation) as the best available code; tendon transposition and tendon transfer are closely related but not identical operations, and the ICHI title also bundles in transplantation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match.</td></tr><tr><td>120159000 (Transposition of tissue of thorax)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall)</td><td>No reconstruction or transposition code exists for the thorax or chest wall soft tissue in ICHI; PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall) is the nearest available code but covers a narrower anatomical target (chest wall specifically, not the full thorax) and a less specific action (repair rather than transposition/reconstruction).</td></tr><tr><td>449657004 (Transposition of tissue of upper arm)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MRS.ML.AA (Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site)</td><td>ICHI has no transposition or reconstruction code for soft tissue of the upper arm specifically (the MIS upper limb soft tissue block contains only rehab codes); MRS.ML.AA captures the surgical action (reconstruction/tissue rearrangement) but loses the upper-arm site specificity, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>86561003 (Transurethral clearance of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.JA.AB (Endoscopic irrigation of bladder clots)</td><td>"Clearance" of the bladder via the urethra most closely corresponds to endoscopic (transurethral) irrigation to evacuate clots or debris; however, "clearance" is a broader concept that may include debris other than clots, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>51421008 (Transurethral curettage of urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.JI.AD (Transurethral resection of bladder lesion)</td><td>Curettage (scraping of the bladder wall via the urethra) and transurethral resection are both tissue-removal procedures performed endoscopically via the urethra, but they differ in technique and clinical indication; no dedicated curettage code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available approximation.</td></tr><tr><td>388229009 (Transurethral external sphincterotomy of male urinary bladder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAK.FA.AD (Transurethral endoscopic incision of bladder neck)</td><td>ICHI does not have a dedicated code for external urethral sphincterotomy; the closest available code is transurethral incision of the bladder neck (NAK.FA.AD), which shares the same approach and a similar incision action but targets the bladder neck rather than the external sphincter specifically, making this an approximate rather than exact match.</td></tr><tr><td>24485004 (Trochanterplasty)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MLB.ML.AA (Bone graft to femur)</td><td>Trochanterplasty is a reconstructive/reshaping procedure of the femoral trochanter — ICHI has no specific trochanterplasty or trochanteric reconstruction code, and the closest available is bone grafting/reconstruction of the femur. This is an approximate match as it covers femoral bone reconstruction but does not specifically encode trochanteric reshaping or the plasty concept.</td></tr><tr><td>397862008 (Tympanostomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>CBB.JB.AC (Myringotomy with insertion of tube)</td><td>Tympanostomy (creation of a stoma in the tympanic membrane) is most commonly performed with ventilation tube insertion, which matches CBB.JB.AC well, but tympanostomy can also refer to the opening alone without tube placement, introducing a slight semantic mismatch with this ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>6527005 (Uchida fimbriectomy with tubal ligation by endoscopy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMC.LA.AB (Laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes)</td><td>The Uchida procedure involves partial salpingectomy of the fimbrial end (fimbriectomy) combined with tubal ligation performed endoscopically, but ICHI separates occlusion from partial salpingectomy and has no single code combining both steps; laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes is the closest single match given that the primary sterilisation intent is tubal occlusion performed endoscopically.</td></tr><tr><td>702985005 (Ultrasonography of fetal shunt)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMR.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI has no code for imaging a fetal shunt specifically; all ICHI shunt codes represent interventional creation or dilatation procedures, not imaging. NMR.BA.BJ is the closest available code as a catch-all for ultrasound of any fetal structure, but the target (a shunt device within a fetus) is not directly represented.</td></tr><tr><td>304436001 (Ultrasound treatment to abdomen)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the abdomen; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) is the closest match for the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound, though the abdomen as target and ultrasound as means are not encoded. Aligned with rows 20319-20323.</td></tr><tr><td>304439008 (Ultrasound treatment to ankle)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain, using heat as means) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the ankle as the target or ultrasound as the specific physical agent. The SNOMED concept's anatomical site specificity is entirely lost.</td></tr><tr><td>304431006 (Ultrasound treatment to elbow)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI lacks a therapeutic ultrasound code for any musculoskeletal site; AXA.SD.BQ is the closest available code for a heat-based physical agent treatment targeting pain, but neither the elbow target nor the ultrasound modality is represented.</td></tr><tr><td>304440005 (Ultrasound treatment to foot)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI has no therapeutic ultrasound code for the foot or any specific body part; AXA.SD.BQ approximates the intent (deep heat application for pain/tissue treatment) but omits the foot as anatomical target and ultrasound as the specific modality.</td></tr><tr><td>304433009 (Ultrasound treatment to hand)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>No ICHI code exists for therapeutic ultrasound applied to the hand; AXA.SD.BQ is the nearest available concept, representing heat-based intervention for pain, but it does not encode the hand as target or ultrasound as means.</td></tr><tr><td>304437005 (Ultrasound treatment to hip)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI contains no therapeutic ultrasound codes for any joint or limb region; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) is the closest match for a heat-based physical therapy modality, but the hip target and ultrasound-as-instrument are absent from the ICHI code.</td></tr><tr><td>304438000 (Ultrasound treatment to knee)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the knee; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the knee as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality.</td></tr><tr><td>304435002 (Ultrasound treatment to pelvis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the pelvis; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the pelvis as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality.</td></tr><tr><td>304430007 (Ultrasound treatment to shoulder)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the shoulder; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the shoulder as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality.</td></tr><tr><td>304432004 (Ultrasound treatment to wrist)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AXA.SD.BQ (Hyperthermy for pain)</td><td>ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the wrist; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the wrist as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality.</td></tr><tr><td>182668004 (Ultraviolet lesion destruction)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>ICHI captures destruction of skin tissue (LZZ.GA.AH) but has no means code representing ultraviolet radiation as the destructive agent — the .AH means code denotes 'without incision/external' broadly, and radiotherapy-specific destruction codes use .BA (ionising radiation). The match is approximate: the action (destruction) and target (skin) align, but the UV modality is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>386302008 (Unplanned pregnancy counseling)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NUE.PM.ZZ (Education about functions related to pregnancy)</td><td>ICHI has no counselling (PP action) code under the pregnancy functions block NUE — only education (PM), training (PH), and emotional support (RC). NUE.PM.ZZ is the closest available code for a pregnancy-related psychosocial intervention, but it maps education rather than counselling and does not capture the "unplanned" specificity.</td></tr><tr><td>405292005 (Upper limb sympathectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>ADC.JK.AA (Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve)</td><td>Upper limb sympathectomy is performed by ablating the thoracic sympathetic chain (typically T2–T4), which corresponds to ADC.JK.AA; however, ICHI encodes this by anatomical level of the nerve (thoracic) rather than by the limb territory affected, and the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic while this ICHI code specifies open excision.</td></tr><tr><td>359877002 (Uranorrhaphy for cleft palate repair)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KAT.MK.AA (Repair of hard palate)</td><td>Uranorrhaphy (suture repair of the palate) for cleft palate involves both hard and soft palate structures, but ICHI has no single code covering the full cleft palate repair procedure. KAT.MK.AA captures the primary structural component of the repair, though it excludes the soft palate element and does not specify the cleft palate aetiology.</td></tr><tr><td>108039008 (Urethra excision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAM.JJ.AA (Partial urethrectomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept is an unqualified grouper for any excision of the urethra, covering both partial (NAM.JJ.AA) and complete (NAM.JK.AA) urethrectomy; no single NOS urethra-excision code exists in ICHI, so partial urethrectomy is selected as the most representative category.</td></tr><tr><td>737841004 (Urinary elimination care management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Urinary elimination care management" is a nursing/care coordination concept encompassing practical oversight and support for a patient's urinary elimination; NT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions) is the closest ICHI concept, but the match is approximate as care management implies a broader coordination role beyond direct practical support.</td></tr><tr><td>236167008 (Urinary undiversion)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of ureter)</td><td>ICHI contains no specific code for reversal of urinary diversion (undiversion). The closest structural code is "Reconstruction of ureter" (NAE.ML.AA), since undiversion typically involves ureteric re-implantation and reconstruction of the normal urinary conduit, but this does not fully represent the complexity or scope of the undiversion procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>167217005 (Urine examination)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry)</td><td>ICHI has no single code for a general urine examination; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the closest available concept within the Essential Laboratory Tests section, but it captures only the chemical analysis component and excludes physical or microscopic examination elements that "urine examination" may encompass.</td></tr><tr><td>418704006 (US scan and aspiration of kidney)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAA.JB.AE (Percutaneous drainage of kidney)</td><td>ICHI has no combined ultrasound-guided aspiration code for the kidney; NAA.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of kidney) is the closest interventional kidney procedure, but it does not capture the imaging guidance component nor the precise aspiration (as opposed to drainage) intent of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>225980008 (Using a calm reassuring manner)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AUD.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for emotional functions)</td><td>Using a calm reassuring manner is a form of emotional support directed at reducing patient distress, which aligns most closely with emotional support for emotional functions; however ICHI frames this as a structured intervention whereas the SNOMED concept describes a communication style or behavioural approach during care.</td></tr><tr><td>63516002 (Vaginal hysterectomy with colpo-urethrocystopexy, Pereyra type)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NME.JK.AC (Total vaginal hysterectomy)</td><td>The SNOMED concept describes a compound procedure combining total vaginal hysterectomy with a Pereyra-type needle suspension for stress urinary incontinence. ICHI has no single code for this combined procedure; NME.JK.AC captures only the hysterectomy component, omitting the colpo-urethrocystopexy element.</td></tr><tr><td>174000 (Vaginopexy by colposuspension)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NMH.LC.AC (Vaginal suspension and fixation via transvaginal approach)</td><td>Colposuspension (Burch procedure) is classically an abdominal/retropubic procedure to elevate the vagina and bladder neck, while NMH.LC.AC specifically denotes the transvaginal approach; no ICHI code precisely captures the colposuspension technique, making this an approximate match.</td></tr><tr><td>301885002 (Venous clamping procedure)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZD.LA.AA (Occlusion of vein, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Clamping is a temporary mechanical occlusion of a vein (typically intraoperative), while IZD.LA.AA captures the functional intent (blocking venous flow) but does not convey the temporary/surgical-clamp nature of the procedure.</td></tr><tr><td>265218003 (Ventriculocisternostomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AAE.LI.AA (Ventricular shunt)</td><td>Ventriculocisternostomy (Torkildsen's procedure) creates a direct surgical anastomosis between a lateral ventricle and the cisterna magna without implanting a shunt device; AAE.LI.AA is the closest available code but the operative technique differs.</td></tr><tr><td>71840009 (Vesicourethropexy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NAI.LC.AA (Cystopexy)</td><td>Vesicourethropexy is a combined bladder-and-urethra suspension procedure (e.g., Burch colposuspension, MMK); ICHI offers only Cystopexy (fixation of the bladder alone), so the urethral component is not captured.</td></tr><tr><td>287339004 (Vessel graft implant)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>IZE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Vessel graft implantation involves inserting a graft to replace or reinforce a vessel segment, which most closely aligns with reconstruction of blood vessel; however "reconstruction" is a broader action that is not synonymous with graft implantation alone.</td></tr><tr><td>449201002 (Video assisted thoracoscopy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JCH.AE.AB (Transpleural thoracoscopy)</td><td>JCH.AE.AB describes thoracoscopic examination via a transpleural route, closely aligning with VATS, but does not explicitly encode the "video-assisted" technique and covers a slightly different anatomical framing.</td></tr><tr><td>446895006 (Visual laser assisted prostatectomy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>NGA.JJ.AD (Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy)</td><td>VLAP is a transurethral laser vaporisation of the prostate, but ICHI has no specific laser prostatectomy code; the closest available shares the route and intent but does not capture the laser means axis.</td></tr><tr><td>87852001 (Vocational retraining)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>STF.PH.ZZ (Training in engaging in vocational training)</td><td>Retraining implies acquiring new occupational skills (often after injury or job loss); ICHI does not distinguish retraining from initial training, making the match approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>266720005 (Wart treatment)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.GA.AH (Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Wart treatment is method-unspecified — destruction (cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser, excision) is captured by LZZ.GA.AH but topical chemical treatment (salicylic acid, podophyllin) falls under LZZ.DB.AH (external application), so destruction does not cover the full semantic scope. LZZ.GA.AH remains the best single-code mapping since destruction is the most clinically predominant modality.</td></tr><tr><td>241421003 (Whole body counting of radioactivity)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>PZA.BA.BE (Radioisotope scan of whole body)</td><td>Whole body counting of radioactivity is a dosimetry/measurement technique using radiation detectors to quantify radioactive material retained in the body, which is distinct from a diagnostic radioisotope scan; PZA.BA.BE is the closest ICHI code by modality and anatomical scope but conflates a scanning/imaging procedure with a counting/measurement procedure. No dedicated ICHI dosimetry counting code exists.</td></tr><tr><td>78283003 (Wide excision of malignant lesion of cervical esophagus)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBA.JJ.AA (Partial oesophagectomy)</td><td>Wide excision of a malignant lesion of the cervical esophagus is functionally a partial oesophagectomy, but ICHI does not encode the cervical segment specifically nor the malignant indication; KBA.JI.AA (local excision of lesion) is too limited in scope for a "wide excision," while KBA.JJ.AA (partial oesophagectomy) is the closest structural and procedural match, though the correspondence is approximate.</td></tr><tr><td>228645006 (Work simulation)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SU2.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>Work simulation is an occupational rehabilitation technique in which real or simulated work tasks are practiced to restore work capacity, which aligns most closely with the "assisting and leading exercise" (PG action axis) applied to the work and employment target (SU2). No ICHI code specifically names work simulation.</td></tr><tr><td>385942004 (Wound care management)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>LZZ.DK.AH (Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>"Wound care management" encompasses the full range of wound treatment activities (dressing, debridement, irrigation, monitoring), while the ICHI code captures only dressing application — the most prototypical single wound care management act. The match is approximate since no single ICHI code covers the breadth of the SNOMED concept.</td></tr><tr><td>119645001 (Wrist incision)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFJ.FA.AA (Arthrotomy of wrist joint)</td><td>ICHI's best incision code for the wrist is arthrotomy of the wrist joint, but the SNOMED concept "wrist incision" is anatomically non-specific and could refer to incision of skin, tendons, ligaments, or the joint capsule, whereas the ICHI code is restricted to the joint. No ICHI category covers a generic open incision of the wrist across all structures.</td></tr><tr><td>119656001 (Wrist repair)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MFJ.MK.AA (Repair of wrist joint, not elsewhere classified)</td><td>The ICHI code covers repair specifically of the wrist joint, whereas the SNOMED concept "wrist repair" is unspecified as to structure and could encompass tendon repair, ligament reconstruction, skin repair, or joint repair at the wrist. The joint-specific ICHI code is the closest available but does not fully capture the breadth of the SNOMED term.</td></tr><tr><td>430871004 (Writing therapy)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>SCG.PH.ZZ (Training in writing)</td><td>"Writing therapy" refers to the therapeutic use of writing for psychological or rehabilitative benefit (e.g., expressive writing, journaling), while ICHI's "Training in writing" (SCG = writing activity target, PH = training) emphasises skill acquisition rather than therapeutic intent. The two concepts are related and partially overlapping but not semantically equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>235371008 (Abdominosacroperineal pull-through)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>KBW.ML.AA (Reconstruction of rectum)</td><td>Abdominosacroperineal pull-through is a complex colorectal reconstruction procedure involving abdominal, sacral, and perineal approaches to pull bowel through to the perineum; ICHI has no specific pull-through code, but reconstruction of rectum (KBW.ML.AA) captures the reconstructive nature of the operation, albeit without the multi-approach specificity or the sacral component.</td></tr><tr><td>48457002 (Abduction procedure of arytenoid)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>JAN.LC.AA (Arytenoidopexy)</td><td>Arytenoid abduction (lateralisation of the arytenoid to widen the glottic airway) and arytenoidopexy (surgical fixation of the arytenoid) are closely related laryngeal procedures — both manipulate and permanently reposition the arytenoid cartilage — but arytenoidopexy technically denotes fixation rather than pure abduction; no dedicated arytenoid abduction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match.</td></tr><tr><td>304894007 (Abreaction under hypnosis)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>AS1.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified)</td><td>Abreaction under hypnosis is a specific psychotherapeutic technique (cathartic emotional release using hypnotic induction) that ICHI does not represent at this level of granularity; the closest available code is the unspecified psychotherapy for mental functions. Hypnotherapy and psychoanalytic techniques are not individually classified in ICHI, making this an approximate fit.</td></tr><tr><td>229417004 (Accessory mobilization of the lumbar spine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>MBM.PB.AH (Mobilisation of lumbar spine)</td><td>ICHI has a direct mobilisation code for the lumbar spine at the correct anatomical level; however, "accessory mobilization" is a specific physiotherapy technique (passive joint-play mobilisation) that is not distinguished from general mobilisation in ICHI, making the match approximate rather than equivalent.</td></tr><tr><td>312871001 (Administration of bacterial vaccine)</td><td><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R5/codesystem-concept-map-relationship.html#inexact" title="inexact">maps loosely to</a></td><td>DTB.VD.AE (Percutaneous vaccination)</td><td>DTB.VD.AE represents percutaneous vaccination, the dominant route for bacterial vaccines, within the immunological system block. The match is inexact: the SNOMED specifies vaccine type without route, while ICHI specifies route without organism class.</td></tr></table></div>
</text>
<url
value="https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ConceptMap/SnomedProceduresToIchiInexact"/>
<version value="0.1.0"/>
<name value="SnomedProceduresToIchiInexact"/>
<title
value="SNOMED CT Procedures to WHO ICHI - Inexact mappings (DRAFT - UNVALIDATED)"/>
<status value="draft"/>
<experimental value="true"/>
<date value="2026-05-11T05:36:07+00:00"/>
<publisher value="Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting)"/>
<contact>
<name value="Vadim Peretokin (Peretokin Consulting)"/>
<telecom>
<system value="url"/>
<value value="https://vadimperetok.in"/>
</telecom>
</contact>
<description
value="**WARNING - FIRST-PASS, UNVALIDATED MAPPING.** Subset of [SnomedProceduresToIchi](ConceptMap-SnomedProceduresToIchi.html) containing only mappings with equivalence `inexact`. It has **not** been clinically reviewed, terminology-reviewed, or otherwise verified for correctness. **Do not use** for patient care, billing, statistics, or any production purpose without independent expert review."/>
<purpose
value="Filtered view of the SNOMED CT procedure to ICHI mapping containing only mappings with equivalence `inexact`."/>
<copyright
value="First-pass draft. Mappings are provided as-is, without warranty of any kind. Users must independently verify correctness before use. SNOMED CT is © SNOMED International. ICHI is © World Health Organization."/>
<sourceCanonical
value="https://vadimperetok.in/fhir/who-ichi-to-snomed/ValueSet/snomed-procedure-root"/>
<targetUri value="http://id.who.int/ichi"/>
<group>
<source value="http://snomed.info/sct"/>
<target value="http://id.who.int/ichi"/>
<element>
<code value="71388002"/>
<display value="Procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="BlockL1-??."/>
<display value="Health interventions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SNOMED CT "Procedure" is the root concept for all procedures and maps conceptually to ICHI's root block "Health interventions," which is the top-level organizational grouping of the entire ICHI classification. The match is inexact because the two concepts have overlapping but not identical scope — SNOMED "Procedure" includes diagnostic/assessment activities that ICHI may classify differently, while ICHI "Health interventions" includes environmental and behavioural interventions that may not all map to SNOMED procedures — and because BlockL1 is a structural block rather than an assignable intervention code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265271003"/>
<display value="Insertion of artificial eye"/>
<target>
<code value="BZZ.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of ocular implant"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both codes describe inserting a device into the eye/orbit to replace a lost eye. However, "artificial eye" in SNOMED typically refers to the visible prosthetic shell, while "ocular implant" in ICHI more specifically denotes the internal orbital implant placed after enucleation; these are closely related but not semantically identical components of the same clinical process."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="88572002"/>
<display value="Injection of alcohol into nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Alcohol injection into a nerve is a form of chemical neurolysis (nerve destruction), making "Destruction of peripheral nerve" the closest functional match. The equivalence is inexact because ICHI restricts the target to peripheral nerves while SNOMED says "nerve" generically, and ICHI covers all destruction methods rather than specifically alcohol injection."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405323007"/>
<display value="Diathermy of vein"/>
<target>
<code value="IZD.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal destruction of vein, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IZD.GA.AF covers percutaneous transluminal destruction of veins at unspecified sites, which encompasses diathermy as one destruction method but is broader in method scope. Conversely, the SNOMED concept specifies diathermy specifically but does not restrict the approach to percutaneous transluminal, making this an overlapping but inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232885000"/>
<display value="Atrioventricular valve annuloplasty using ring"/>
<target>
<code value="HDF.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Annuloplasty using a ring is a valve reconstruction procedure most commonly performed on the mitral valve, and HDF.ML.AA captures the reconstruction action on the mitral valve, but ICHI has no dedicated annuloplasty code and this SNOMED concept covers both mitral and tricuspid AV valves whereas ICHI separates them; the ring-implantation technique is also not distinguished from other reconstruction approaches at this level of ICHI granularity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="413633002"/>
<display value="Balloon dacryoplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="BAD.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of lacrimal apparatus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated dilatation code for the lacrimal apparatus — the dilatation action (LG) exists for vascular targets but not for BAD. BAD.FA.AA (Incision of lacrimal apparatus) is the closest available code as both procedures mechanically relieve lacrimal outflow obstruction, but incision and balloon dilation are distinct techniques, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233202003"/>
<display value="Balloon dilation of ductus arteriosus"/>
<target>
<code value="HIJ.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ductus arteriosus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HIJ.LH.AF is the only dilatation code for the ductus arteriosus in ICHI and matches the target, approach, and action; however, the ICHI code explicitly includes insertion of a device (suggesting stenting), whereas the SNOMED concept describes balloon dilation without necessarily implying device implantation, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235228002"/>
<display value="Balloon dilation of pyloric stricture"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.LG.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic pyloroplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both procedures address pyloric obstruction endoscopically and aim to widen the pyloric outlet, but pyloroplasty involves tissue incision/reconstruction whereas balloon dilation achieves mechanical stretching without cutting; ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic balloon dilation of pylorus code, making this the closest available approximation under the stomach interventions block (KBF)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="50080181000188101"/>
<display value="Brachytherapy of bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MRB.GA.AA matches the target (bone, unspecified site) and action (destruction), but its means axis (AA = open/unspecified) does not specify radiotherapy or brachytherapy — ICHI has no dedicated bone brachytherapy or bone radiotherapy destruction code, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225150002"/>
<display value="Cleaning wound"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JA.AH"/>
<display
value="Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Wound cleaning (SNOMED) encompasses the broad act of cleansing a wound by any method (irrigation, mechanical scrubbing, antiseptic application), while ICHI's LZZ.JA.AH specifically captures irrigation/flushing of skin tissue — the most common clinical technique for wound cleaning but not the full semantic scope. No ICHI code for generic wound cleaning exists; this is the closest available category under the integumentary system NEC block."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="10029008"/>
<display value="Suicide precautions"/>
<target>
<code value="VBA.TM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Environment modification to influence self-harm behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Suicide precautions" encompasses a bundle of clinical actions including close patient observation, removal of lethal means, and environmental safety structuring to prevent self-harm, whereas VBA.TM.ZZ captures only the environmental modification component targeting self-harm behaviours. No single ICHI code covers the full multi-component precautionary intervention, making this an approximate but meaningful match within the most directly relevant block (Interventions on self-harm behaviours, BlockL4-VBA)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="64670002"/>
<display
value="Embolectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by leg incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.JE.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IEA.JE.AF captures the correct target (abdominal/pelvic artery, covering the iliac segment of the aortoiliac territory) and the action of catheter-based extraction of an obstruction (embolus), but the means axis "AF" (endovascular/percutaneous) does not fully reflect the open leg incision approach of the SNOMED concept, and the target is broader than the specific aortoiliac artery."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="15905001"/>
<display
value="Embolectomy with catheter of celiac artery by abdominal incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The celiac artery is an abdominal artery and the open abdominal incision maps to the "AA" (open) means axis, with "JE" representing extraction of obstruction — the closest ICHI action to embolectomy. However, "endarterectomy" in ICHI nomenclature typically implies removal of atheromatous plaque rather than catheter-based clot/embolus extraction, and the target is broader (any abdominal or pelvic artery, not specifically the celiac), making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="80150009"/>
<display
value="Embolectomy with catheter of innominate artery by neck incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IBA.JE.AA"/>
<display
value="Endarterectomy of artery of head and neck, open approach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for the innominate (brachiocephalic) artery, and its JE action combines endarterectomy and embolectomy without distinguishing catheter-based extraction from direct removal; IBA.JE.AA is the closest match because the procedure is performed via a neck incision on the extracranial head and neck artery segment, but the ICHI code does not capture the catheter technique or the specific vessel anatomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="47912003"/>
<display
value="Embolectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by arm incision"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICA.JE.AA captures open removal of obstructing material from an upper limb artery (the subclavian falls within this target grouping), which is the closest available ICHI category to catheter embolectomy of the subclavian; however, endarterectomy strictly denotes intimal plaque removal, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies Fogarty-catheter mechanical extraction of an embolus, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46071009"/>
<display
value="Embolectomy with catheter of subclavian artery by thoracic incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IDA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of artery of thorax"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated embolectomy code for peripheral or thoracic arteries (only pulmonary thromboembolectomy exists at HID.JE.AA); IDA.JE.AA captures the open surgical removal of intraluminal material from a thoracic artery via arteriotomy with the correct anatomical target (the subclavian artery is a thoracic artery, accessed here by thoracic incision), but JE action strictly denotes endarterectomy (plaque removal) rather than catheter-based embolus extraction, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="18404006"/>
<display
value="Embolectomy with catheter of ulnar artery by arm incision"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes an open catheter-based embolectomy (clot removal) of the ulnar artery, while ICHI's closest code covers endarterectomy (plaque removal) of the upper limb artery — both are open surgical extractions from an upper limb artery, but the pathological target differs (embolus vs. atheroma). ICHI has no dedicated embolectomy code for upper limb arteries, and the ulnar artery specificity is also lost as ICHI operates at the "artery of upper limb" level."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405399003"/>
<display
value="Endarterectomy and angioplasty of aorta with prosthesis"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — endarterectomy plus angioplasty with prosthetic material — on the aorta without specifying the anatomical segment, whereas HIH.JE.AA captures only the endarterectomy action on the abdominal aorta and does not encode the angioplasty or prosthesis component. No single ICHI code exists for this combined procedure, making this an approximate match at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405407008"/>
<display
value="Endarterectomy and angioplasty of internal carotid artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IBB.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IBB.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery, which is the primary component of this SNOMED concept, but ICHI has no combined endarterectomy-and-angioplasty code and no code specific to the internal carotid artery (only the extracranial carotid as a group). The angioplasty component (vessel dilation/reconstruction performed alongside the endarterectomy) is unrepresented, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405456009"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy and angioplasty of lower limb artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IFA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept combines two distinct procedures — endarterectomy and angioplasty — both on the lower limb artery, but ICHI has no single code encoding that combination; IFA.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy component precisely, while the angioplasty component (IFA.LG.AF) remains unrepresented, making any single-code mapping an incomplete approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405397001"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy and angioplasty of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code combining endarterectomy and angioplasty of the aorta in a single entry, and no code covering the aorta as a whole across all segments. HIH.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy component at the most clinically common aortic site (abdominal), but omits the angioplasty action and restricts to one anatomical segment of an unspecified-segment SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440190007"/>
<display
value="Extracranial contouring of facial and skull bones for benign neoplasm"/>
<target>
<code value="MAB.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Contouring" of craniofacial bones for a benign neoplasm is clinically equivalent to local excision/removal of a bony lesion to restore normal contour, making MAB.JI.AA the closest available match; however, the SNOMED concept explicitly covers both facial and skull bones together (not just facial bone), and "contouring" implies reshaping rather than a discrete lesion excision, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="773291002"/>
<display value="Fluoroscopy guided biopsy of abdomen"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.AD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous biopsy of peritoneum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KMA.AD.AE captures the percutaneous biopsy approach within the abdominal (peritoneal) region, which aligns with the procedural intent of a fluoroscopy-guided abdominal biopsy, but the SNOMED concept's target ("abdomen") is broader than "peritoneum" specifically, and ICHI does not encode fluoroscopic guidance as a distinct means — only the percutaneous route."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="718313003"/>
<display value="Fluoroscopy guided embolization of track"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Injection into soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes fluoroscopy-guided injection of embolic material into a percutaneous tract through soft tissue, and MRS.DB.AE captures percutaneous injection into soft tissue of unspecified site but does not encode the specific embolisation/occlusion action, the fluoroscopic guidance, or the procedural context of tract closure. No dedicated ICHI code for tract or sinus embolisation exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="397047005"/>
<display value="Fogarty embolectomy of artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.JE.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code captures the correct action (extraction of an obstruction/embolus) from an unspecified artery, which aligns with the procedural intent of Fogarty embolectomy, but the means axis (.AF = endovascular/percutaneous) does not match — a Fogarty procedure is performed via open arteriotomy with a balloon catheter, not a purely endovascular route. No open-approach embolus extraction code for artery exists in ICHI, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="89398002"/>
<display
value="Implantation of implantable intra-arterial infusion pump"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The target (artery NEC) and action (DL = insertion of internal device) axes match the SNOMED concept well, but the means axis (AF = percutaneous transluminal) does not align — implantation of an intra-arterial infusion pump (e.g., hepatic artery pump) is typically an open surgical procedure, and no open surgical equivalent (IZA.DL.AA) exists in ICHI. No more specific arterial device-insertion code covering a drug-delivery pump was found."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="711506006"/>
<display
value="Implantation of patient-activated cardiac event recorder"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.DN.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both codes describe percutaneous implantation of a permanent cardiac device within the conducting system of the heart, but ICHI's HFC.DN.AF specifically names pacemaker or defibrillator systems whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a subcutaneous implantable loop recorder (cardiac event monitor) — a device used for long-term rhythm recording rather than therapy delivery. No dedicated ICHI category code exists for implantable loop recorder implantation; the ICHI "Cardiac event recorder" entity is an unassigned extension code for device specification, not an assignable procedure code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1236930009"/>
<display
value="Implantation of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.DN.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal implantation of permanent endocardial pacemaker or defibrillator system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The S-ICD is implanted entirely subcutaneously without transvenous or endocardial leads, whereas HFC.DN.AF specifies a percutaneous transluminal (transvenous/endocardial) approach, making the means axis a mismatch. No ICHI code exists specifically for subcutaneous defibrillator implantation, so this is the closest available code sharing the same target (cardiac conduction system) and action (permanent device implantation)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1010336006"/>
<display value="Right hydrocelectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="NGL.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of testis and tunica vaginalis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated hydrocelectomy code; NGL.FA.AA is the closest available code as it targets the tunica vaginalis — the sac excised or everted in a hydrocelectomy — but captures an incision action rather than excision/eversion, and does not encode laterality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="429446009"/>
<display value="Insertion of catheter into blood vessel"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both concepts describe inserting an intravascular device (catheter) into a blood vessel without specifying a particular vessel, making this the closest available ICHI match. However, the ICHI code constrains the approach to percutaneous/transluminal and uses the broader term "device" rather than "catheter," while the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic and explicitly names catheter insertion, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="48403009"/>
<display value="Insertion of infusion pump"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.DL.AA"/>
<display
value="Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept refers to insertion of an infusion pump generically (any site, any pump type), while the ICHI code captures the most common scenario — device insertion into the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk — but is both anatomically restricted and not pump-specific. No ICHI code for a generic or non-insulin infusion pump insertion exists; the only pump-specific ICHI entry is limited to implantable insulin infusion pump."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449380001"/>
<display value="Insertion of orthodontic screw"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.DN.AC"/>
<display value="Prosthetic dental implant"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An orthodontic screw (TAD/mini-implant) is a temporary anchorage device screwed into jawbone for orthodontic anchorage, which is conceptually and functionally distinct from a prosthetic dental implant used for tooth replacement. ICHI lacks a dedicated orthodontic implant/screw category, so this dental implant code under "Interventions on teeth" is the closest available approximation, but the purpose and nature of the devices differ significantly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1010436007"/>
<display value="Destruction of left fallopian tube"/>
<target>
<code value="NMC.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMC.GA.AA is the only ICHI code in the fallopian tube block that uses the destruction action (GA), but it specifies destruction of a lesion within the tube rather than destruction of the tube itself, and ICHI does not encode laterality (left), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1010437003"/>
<display value="Destruction of right fallopian tube"/>
<target>
<code value="NMC.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of fallopian tube"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMC.GA.AA is the only ICHI code in the fallopian tube block that uses the destruction action (GA) on the fallopian tube target (NMC), making it the closest structural match; however, the ICHI title specifies destruction of a "lesion of" the fallopian tube rather than the tube itself, and ICHI does not encode laterality (right), so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1010452005"/>
<display value="Excision of left ovotestis"/>
<target>
<code value="NMA.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Oophorectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An ovotestis is a gonad containing both ovarian and testicular tissue and is not represented in ICHI, which has no gonadectomy or DSD-specific gonadal excision code. NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy, total excision of ovary) is the closest available code as it represents total excision of a gonadal structure, but it does not capture the mixed tissue nature of an ovotestis, the laterality (left), or the DSD/intersex clinical context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1010453000"/>
<display value="Excision of right ovotestis"/>
<target>
<code value="NMA.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Oophorectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An ovotestis is a mixed gonad (containing both ovarian and testicular tissue) with no dedicated ICHI concept; NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy — total excision of the ovary) is the closest structural match, as ICHI has no code for gonadectomy or excision of an intersex/DSD gonad, and the ovarian tissue component makes this a better fit than orchidectomy, though neither code captures the mixed gonadal nature of the target. The laterality qualifier ("right") in the SNOMED concept is also not represented in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="43628009"/>
<display value="Introduction of needle into carotid artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IBB.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of carotid artery, extracranial"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a specific needle puncture or percutaneous access code for the carotid artery; "Incision of carotid artery, extracranial" (action FA = Incision, means AA = Open) is the closest available category on the correct target body part, but it implies a surgical cut with open approach rather than a needle introduction, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1010714005"/>
<display value="Excision of left uterine adnexa"/>
<target>
<code value="NMA.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Oophorectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined adnexectomy (ovary + fallopian tube) code; NMA.JK.AA covers only the oophorectomy component of the adnexal excision and does not capture the concurrent salpingectomy, nor does it encode left-sided laterality (which would require an extension code). The SNOMED concept is clinically broader, as uterine adnexa includes both the ovary and fallopian tube."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1010715006"/>
<display value="Excision of right uterine adnexa"/>
<target>
<code value="NMA.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Oophorectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI NMA.JK.AA (Oophorectomy) covers total excision of the ovary but does not include the fallopian tube component that is part of adnexal excision, and does not specify laterality (right side); no single ICHI code exists for combined salpingo-oophorectomy, making this the best available but partial mapping. The right-side specificity of the SNOMED concept could partially be addressed with the laterality extension, but the multi-structure nature of adnexal excision remains unrepresented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="176054003"/>
<display value="Percutaneous nephroscopic balloon dilation of ureter"/>
<target>
<code value="NAE.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into ureter"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies percutaneous nephroscopic balloon dilation, which matches the percutaneous transluminal approach and device (balloon catheter) insertion captured by NAE.LH.AF. ICHI does not distinguish the nephroscopic (antegrade) route from other percutaneous transluminal approaches, nor specify balloon as the dilation mechanism, making it an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="118754003"/>
<display value="Procedure on gland"/>
<target>
<code value="EZZ.ZZ.ZZ"/>
<display value="Interventions on the endocrine system, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is a high-level grouping covering procedures on any gland (both endocrine and exocrine), whereas EZZ.ZZ.ZZ is scoped only to the endocrine system and excludes exocrine glands (salivary, lacrimal, etc.), which fall under separate ICHI body-system chapters. No single ICHI code spans all gland types."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31629005"/>
<display value="Pump extraction of milk from lactating breast"/>
<target>
<code value="LCA.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of breast"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pump extraction of breast milk is a drainage-type action targeting the breast, making LCA.JB.AA the closest assignable ICHI category; however, ICHI has no code capturing the lactation context, the milk-specific target, or the pump/mechanical means, so the match is only approximate. The lactation block (BlockL5-NUH) is conceptually closer but contains no assignable procedure code for physical milk extraction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="103715008"/>
<display value="Removal of catheter"/>
<target>
<code value="IZD.JD.AF"/>
<display
value="Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from vein, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a generic "removal of catheter" code applicable across all anatomical sites; IZD.JD.AF is the closest match as catheters are predominantly vascular devices, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and could apply to non-vascular catheters (e.g., urinary, pleural)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="6026008"/>
<display
value="Removal of coronary artery obstruction by percutaneous transluminal balloon with thrombolytic agent"/>
<target>
<code value="HIA.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Thrombolysis of coronary artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure using both a balloon catheter and a thrombolytic agent; ICHI separates balloon angioplasty and thrombolysis into distinct codes with no combined code available. HIA.DB.AF is chosen because the thrombolytic agent is the pharmacologically active element, but the balloon component means neither ICHI code alone is precise."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405349002"/>
<display value="Removal of lower limb vascular prosthesis"/>
<target>
<code value="IFA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of artery of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated code for removal of a vascular prosthesis (graft) from the lower limb; IFA.JJ.AA is the closest approximation, as explantation of a vascular prosthesis involves excision of the graft from the arterial segment, but the ICHI code targets native arterial tissue excision rather than prosthesis removal."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="732204000"/>
<display value="Repair of laceration of nose"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.MK.AA"/>
<display
value="Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The nose block (JAA) contains no general repair or wound closure code — only closure of nasal fistula — so the best available approximation is repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck, which captures the wound-closure intent but is anatomically broader and does not specifically target the nose as a structural unit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="372456005"/>
<display value="Repair of obstetric laceration"/>
<target>
<code value="PAW.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of perineum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Obstetric lacerations commonly involve the perineum, but the SNOMED concept also covers cervical, vaginal, and other obstetric tears beyond the perineum; PAW.MK.AA is the closest structural match but is both a site-specific subset and does not capture the full obstetric context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="237031007"/>
<display value="Repair of paraurethral tear"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of urethra"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A paraurethral tear involves periurethral soft tissues rather than the urethra itself, so NAM.MK.AA (repair of the urethra proper) is an approximate but not precise match; no dedicated ICHI code for paraurethral tissue repair exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="20786009"/>
<display value="Revision of peripheral neurostimulator electrodes"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.KA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous replacement of peripheral nerve device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ACA.KA.AE covers replacement of a device in the peripheral nerve percutaneously, capturing the revision/replacement intent and peripheral nerve target, but is constrained to a percutaneous approach whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify approach, and "revision" may involve repositioning rather than full replacement."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="17286005"/>
<display value="Revision of spinal neurostimulator electrodes"/>
<target>
<code value="ABN.KA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous replacement of spinal nerve device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ABN.KA.AE aligns on the spinal target and device-replacement intent, but the SNOMED concept targets the spinal cord neurostimulator electrode specifically and does not constrain to a percutaneous approach, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="236953000"/>
<display
value="Therapeutic drainage of amniotic fluid by indwelling catheter"/>
<target>
<code value="NMM.JB.AC"/>
<display
value="Drainage of amniotic sac to decrease fluid volume via transcervical approach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMM.JB.AC captures the therapeutic intent (decreasing fluid volume) and the transcervical route that an indwelling catheter would follow, making it the closest available match. The SNOMED concept specifies an indwelling catheter, which is a narrower instrument detail not captured in the ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="870745009"/>
<display
value="Therapeutic transcatheter insertion of interatrial shunt"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into interatrial communication"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HAD.LH.AF captures percutaneous transcatheter access, device insertion, and the interatrial location. The SNOMED concept is specifically a shunt creation (establishing a new communication), whereas HAD.LH.AF describes dilatation with device insertion into an existing interatrial communication, introducing a slight mismatch in clinical intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="48710004"/>
<display
value="Thrombectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by abdominal incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IEA.JE.AA covers open surgical removal of obstruction from the abdominal or pelvic artery (which includes the iliac segment) via open approach; however, ICHI uses "endarterectomy" rather than distinguishing catheter thrombectomy specifically, and the aortoiliac territory spans both abdominal aorta and iliac artery blocks."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112821001"/>
<display
value="Thrombectomy with catheter of aortoiliac artery by leg incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The aortoiliac territory maps best to the abdominal or pelvic artery block (IEA), and the open endarterectomy/extraction code (JE.AA) is the closest available action; the leg incision approach is not represented as a distinct means axis value in ICHI, making this an inexact match on both vessel target and approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="39887009"/>
<display
value="Thrombectomy with catheter of carotid artery by neck incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IBB.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is the only open-approach intervention code at the correct anatomical site (extracranial carotid artery), but endarterectomy denotes removal of atherosclerotic plaque from the vessel wall, whereas thrombectomy with catheter is removal of a thrombus — a procedurally related but semantically distinct operation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1231449003"/>
<display value="Transcatheter repair of tricuspid valve"/>
<target>
<code value="HDH.ML.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal reconstruction of tricuspid valve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HDH.ML.AF is the closest available code capturing both the transcatheter/transluminal approach and a restorative intervention on the tricuspid valve; "repair" exists only as an open approach, while "reconstruction" is the transluminal variant, making it an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231318003"/>
<display value="Wound infiltration"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DB.AE"/>
<display
value="Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Wound infiltration is specifically the injection of local anaesthetic into a wound or tissue plane; the ICHI code covers generic injection into skin and subcutaneous tissue without specifying the substance or infiltration intent, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405373005"/>
<display value="Abdominal vascular prosthesis thrombectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.JE.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular extraction of obstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is the closest ICHI code for removing thrombotic obstruction from an abdominal vessel, but ICHI specifies an endovascular (percutaneous) approach and an artery, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a prosthesis (graft) as the target and does not specify approach or vessel type (artery vs vein). The semantic overlap is approximate rather than direct."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1336105008"/>
<display value="Airway clearance"/>
<target>
<code value="JZZ.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Airway clearance is a multi-modal concept encompassing suctioning, postural drainage, coughing assistance, and other techniques to remove secretions; JZZ.JB.AC captures only the suctioning modality, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match. No single ICHI code covers the full breadth of airway clearance as a clinical intervention category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446135006"/>
<display value="Amnioinfusion using ultrasound guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="NMM.DB.AC"/>
<display value="Transcervical amnioinfusion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMM.DB.AC is the only ICHI amnioinfusion code and represents the transcervical approach, which aligns with the procedural intent, but the SNOMED concept specifies ultrasound guidance while the ICHI code defines the approach (transcervical) rather than the guidance modality — partially overlapping but not equivalent dimensions."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386513007"/>
<display value="Anesthesia management"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DC.AC"/>
<display value="Inhalational anaesthesia"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI codes for anaesthesia all represent specific administration methods, whereas "anesthesia management" refers to the overall clinical oversight and conduct of anaesthesia without specifying technique. No single ICHI code captures the management concept broadly; the inhalational code is chosen as the most representative whole-body anaesthesia type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="82361004"/>
<display value="Anesthesia of intracranial nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="AAN.DC.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of anaesthetic into cranial nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AAN.DC.AE covers percutaneous injection of anaesthetic into a cranial nerve, which aligns well with the clinical intent; however, SNOMED's "intracranial nerve" may be slightly more specific than ICHI's "cranial nerve," and ICHI specifies the means as percutaneous injection while the SNOMED concept does not constrain delivery method."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="310890002"/>
<display value="Application of cast brace"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A cast brace is a hybrid functional orthosis distinct from a simple cast or splint; the ICHI NEC cast/splint code captures generic cast application without site, broadly aligning but imprecisely."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="430263007"/>
<display value="Arthroscopic shoulder decompression"/>
<target>
<code value="MDB.JJ.AB"/>
<display
value="Arthroscopic partial ostectomy of bone of shoulder region"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Arthroscopic shoulder decompression (subacromial decompression) primarily involves arthroscopic acromioplasty — partial resection of the acromion (a bone of the shoulder region) — which aligns with this ICHI code. However, ICHI does not capture the full procedure intent (subacromial space widening, which may also include bursectomy), and the ICHI code covers any bone of the shoulder rather than the acromion specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442891004"/>
<display
value="Aspiration of cyst of breast using mammographic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="LCA.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of breast"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LCA.JB.AE covers percutaneous drainage (aspiration) of the breast, capturing the target organ and approach, but does not specify mammographic guidance (which would require a distinct means axis value) nor restrict the target to a cyst; the match is therefore approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178106000"/>
<display value="Aspiration of ganglion - ankle"/>
<target>
<code value="MNJ.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of ankle joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MNJ.JB.AE is the closest available code for a percutaneous aspiration at the ankle, but a ganglion cyst is a periarticular soft-tissue structure rather than the joint cavity itself, so the target (ankle joint vs. periarticular ganglion cyst) does not precisely align, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="709503007"/>
<display value="Assessment of quality of life"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of quality of life"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZB.AC.ZZ is the only ICHI code explicitly referencing quality of life; however, it uses the action "AC" (Test) rather than "AA" (Assessment), indicating a structured test instrument rather than a broader clinical assessment. The conceptual intent is closely aligned but the action axis differs, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="107641000202104"/>
<display value="Assessment of social interaction"/>
<target>
<code value="SSG.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of engaging in informal social relationships"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SSG.AA.ZZ is the closest ICHI code available for assessing how a person engages socially, but it is scoped to informal social relationships rather than social interaction as a general functional or clinical concept; the SNOMED concept is broader and could also cover formal or therapeutic interaction contexts."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="711018006"/>
<display value="Assessment of social support"/>
<target>
<code value="UEO.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of general social support services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="UEO.AA.ZZ targets assessment at the level of social support services, systems and policies — an environmental/public-health perspective — whereas the SNOMED concept refers to assessing the social support available to or received by an individual patient, making the axes of assessment meaningfully different."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225964003"/>
<display value="Assisting with personal hygiene"/>
<target>
<code value="SMB.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with washing oneself"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Personal hygiene" encompasses washing oneself (SMB) and caring for body parts (SMC), but no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of personal hygiene; SMB.RB.ZZ (washing oneself) captures the core activity most closely associated with personal hygiene assistance in a clinical setting."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1156693003"/>
<display value="Attention to heel protector"/>
<target>
<code value="PND.DP.AH"/>
<display value="Installation of assistive product to foot"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code specifically addresses attention to or management of a heel protector. PND.DP.AH (installation of assistive product to foot) is the most proximate code but covers only the initial application/installation; "attention to" implies ongoing maintenance, checking, or replacement, and the SNOMED concept is more specific to the heel rather than the whole foot."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="315644009"/>
<display value="Attention to laryngeal prosthetic device"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.KA.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic replacement of laryngeal stent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JAN.KA.AD is the only ICHI code in the larynx block that involves attending to an in-situ laryngeal device (endoscopic replacement of a laryngeal stent), making it the closest available match. However, it is inexact because it specifies stent replacement via endoscopy, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any form of attention (checking, adjusting, replacing) to any laryngeal prosthetic device — a considerably broader and semantically different concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235207006"/>
<display value="Attention to prosthesis within esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.SN.AC"/>
<display value="Management of internal device for oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Management of internal device for oesophagus" aligns well with the concept of attending to an existing oesophageal prosthesis, and is the closest ICHI code semantically. However, "prosthesis" and "internal device" are not perfectly synonymous, and the ICHI code does not specify that the device is a prosthesis specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="711552004"/>
<display value="Attention to prosthetic ear bone anchor pin"/>
<target>
<code value="MAA.KA.AA"/>
<display value="Replacement of internal device of skull"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A bone-anchored hearing aid pin is a device implanted in the skull (temporal bone), and "replacement of internal device of skull" is the closest procedural action in ICHI for attending to this anchor. However, SNOMED's "attention to" encompasses all forms of maintenance (not only replacement), and the skull target is broader than the specific temporal bone site used for BAHA implants."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="426243004"/>
<display value="Balloon kyphoplasty of fracture of spine"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.ML.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are related but distinct procedures — kyphoplasty uses a balloon to create a cavity before cement injection (with height restoration), while vertebroplasty involves direct cement injection without a balloon; MBZ.ML.AE is the closest available ICHI code but does not capture the balloon-mediated cavity creation or the fracture reduction aspect of kyphoplasty, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173679008"/>
<display value="Balloon tamponade of esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of device into oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Balloon tamponade involves inserting an inflatable balloon device (e.g. Sengstaken-Blakemore tube) into the oesophagus to compress varices and control haemorrhage. ICHI has no dedicated oesophageal tamponade or haemostasis code; KBA.DL.AC captures the device-insertion component but does not encode the haemostatic compression purpose."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235247004"/>
<display value="Balloon tamponade of stomach"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of device into stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Gastric balloon tamponade uses an inflatable balloon device placed in the stomach to apply haemostatic pressure, analogous to the oesophageal form. ICHI lacks a dedicated gastric tamponade or haemostasis code; KBF.DL.AC represents the closest structural parallel (device insertion into stomach) but omits the compressive haemostatic intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410273004"/>
<display
value="Behavior modification education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="VFZ.PP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Counselling about other specified health-related behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept bundles education (PM), advising/guidance (PN), and counselling (PP) across unspecified health-related behaviours, whereas ICHI codes these as separate action axes; VFZ.PP.ZZ captures the counselling component for "other specified health-related behaviours" but omits the education and guidance dimensions, making it an approximate rather than exact or wider match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228576005"/>
<display value="Behavior rehearsal technique"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Behaviour rehearsal is a cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy technique in which a patient practises new behaviours in a safe therapeutic setting; ICHI does not enumerate individual psychotherapy techniques, so PZB.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy NEC for the whole person) is the closest available code, but it is considerably broader than this specific technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="240962009"/>
<display value="Biliary dilation procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.LG.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic dilatation of ampulla or biliary duct"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is an unspecified biliary dilation procedure covering any approach and any biliary structure, while ICHI offers only approach-specific codes (KCM.LG.AD endoscopic, KCM.LG.AF percutaneous transluminal, KCM.LH.AA open with device insertion); KCM.LG.AD is chosen as the most clinically common approach, but the match is inexact because the SNOMED term is approach-agnostic and also encompasses dilation with or without device insertion."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410274005"/>
<display value="Bladder care education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="NT2.PP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Counselling for urinary functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NT2.PP.ZZ covers counselling for urinary functions (the urinary bladder being the primary organ involved), which is the closest single ICHI code; however, the SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counselling together, whereas ICHI separates these into distinct codes (NT2.PM.ZZ for education, NT2.PN.ZZ for advising, NT2.PP.ZZ for counselling), and none targets the bladder specifically rather than urinary functions in general."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234326005"/>
<display value="Bone marrow sampling"/>
<target>
<code value="DGA.AD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Bone marrow sampling is performed clinically by percutaneous biopsy/aspiration, and DGA.AD.AE captures the biopsy form of this, but it also constrains the approach to percutaneous (AE) and the action to biopsy (AD) rather than the broader concept of "sampling," making it an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="362997005"/>
<display value="Brain stimulation"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.SC.BP"/>
<display value="Stimulation of the brain using electric fields"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has two specific brain stimulation codes — AAA.SC.BP (electric field stimulation) and AAA.SC.BO (transcranial magnetic stimulation) — but no single umbrella category for "brain stimulation" as a generic grouper. AAA.SC.BP is the closest named category, but it covers only one modality (electrical), whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses all forms including magnetic and deep brain stimulation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="54636000"/>
<display value="Cardiomyopexy"/>
<target>
<code value="HZZ.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of heart, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cardiomyopexy is the surgical attachment of a pedicled muscle (e.g., omentum or pectoralis) to the myocardium to improve vascularisation, a procedure not represented by any specific ICHI code; the closest available code covers open surgical repair of the heart in general, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232970005"/>
<display value="Cardiomyoplasty operation"/>
<target>
<code value="HZZ.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of the heart, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cardiomyoplasty involves wrapping a stimulated skeletal muscle (typically latissimus dorsi) around the heart to augment cardiac function, a reconstructive procedure with no dedicated ICHI code; "Reconstruction of the heart, NEC" is the closest structural fit but is considerably broader in scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="276341003"/>
<display value="Cardiovascular investigation"/>
<target>
<code value="HT2.AC.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Test of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Cardiovascular investigation" in SNOMED covers all diagnostic procedures across the cardiovascular system (imaging, catheterisation, electrophysiology, functional tests), whereas HT2.AC.ZZ covers only functional testing of the cardiovascular system, making it an approximate but not full match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="309468007"/>
<display value="Cardiovascular observation regime"/>
<target>
<code value="HT2.AM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Observation of functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HT2.AM.ZZ is the only ICHI code explicitly representing observation of the cardiovascular system, making it the closest available match. However, "observation regime" in SNOMED implies a structured, ongoing monitoring programme rather than a single observation action, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363003006"/>
<display value="Cardiovascular physical examination"/>
<target>
<code value="HT2.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HT2.AA.ZZ represents assessment of cardiovascular function and is the broadest functional assessment code in the cardiovascular block, best approximating a cardiovascular physical examination. The ICHI code emphasises functional assessment rather than physical/clinical examination technique, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1153458007"/>
<display value="Care of closed wound"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "closed wound care" concept; the closest clinical match is application of a dressing to skin/subcutaneous tissue (LZZ.DK.AH), which represents the primary nursing action performed in caring for a closed wound, but the ICHI code does not capture the wound-care context specifically and is limited to the dressing step rather than the full scope of closed wound care."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1155760007"/>
<display value="Care of malignant wound"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no concept for malignant (fungating) wound care specifically; LZZ.DK.AH represents the dominant clinical action (wound dressing) within malignant wound care but does not encode the malignant nature of the wound or the full palliative care scope, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1153457002"/>
<display value="Care of open wound"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a discrete "open wound care" category; LZZ.DK.AH (dressing of skin/subcutaneous tissue, NEC) is the closest actionable match as dressing application is the central component of open wound care, but it does not capture wound irrigation, debridement, or monitoring aspects that open wound care may also include."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225357008"/>
<display value="Care of pressure injury"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pressure injury care is a multi-component nursing intervention (repositioning, wound cleaning, debridement, dressing application, skin protection) and no single ICHI code captures it in full; LZZ.DK.AH covers the most characteristic component — applying a wound dressing to skin — but is narrower than the full care bundle and body-site unspecified, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="35823001"/>
<display value="Catheter ablation of lesion of heart"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HFC.GA.AF targets the cardiac conduction system specifically, whereas SNOMED's "lesion of heart" is a broader anatomical designation not restricted to the conduction system. The ICHI code captures the catheter-based ablation modality and cardiac site but does not semantically align with a generic cardiac lesion, making this an approximate rather than wider/narrower match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="90442009"/>
<display
value="Cerclage of cervix during pregnancy by vaginal approach"/>
<target>
<code value="NMF.LL.AC"/>
<display value="Cerclage of internal cervical os"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code explicitly labelled "vaginal cerclage"; NMF.LL.AC represents the standard vaginally-performed cerclage technique (Shirodkar/McDonald) and is the best available match, but it defines the site rather than the approach and also lacks the pregnancy specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231375007"/>
<display
value="Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of vertebra"/>
<target>
<code value="ABN.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous destruction of spinal nerve root"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for facet joint denervation or medial branch/dorsal ramus nerve block specifically; the closest available code covers percutaneous destruction of a spinal nerve root, which shares the key axes (spinal nerve target, destruction action, percutaneous means) but refers to the nerve root rather than the facet joint's innervation, and does not capture the chemical means of denervation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438555006"/>
<display value="Chemodenervation of internal sphincter muscle of anus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBX.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Injection into anus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBX.DB.AE represents injection into the anus, which anatomically encompasses the internal sphincter as a target and matches the procedural means (percutaneous injection), but does not specify the internal sphincter muscle as the target or encode the chemodenervation mechanism, making it an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="27481003"/>
<display value="Chemosurgery"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Chemosurgery (topical chemical destruction of tissue) aligns with the destruction action axis applied to skin without incision, but the ICHI code is limited to head or neck skin; chemosurgery as a generic SNOMED concept is not body-site restricted and the chemical nature of the means is not encoded."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120150001"/>
<display value="Chest wall endoscopy"/>
<target>
<code value="JCH.AE.AB"/>
<display value="Transpleural thoracoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no dedicated chest wall endoscopy code in ICHI; the chest wall block (PAF) contains biopsy, drainage, excision, and repair codes but no endoscopic inspection category. JCH.AE.AB Transpleural thoracoscopy is the closest available code — an endoscopic procedure of the thoracic cavity accessed via the pleural space — but its target is the thoracic/pleural cavity rather than the chest wall itself."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="37674006"/>
<display value="Child continence training"/>
<target>
<code value="NTD.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of urination functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Child continence training typically encompasses both urinary and faecal continence (toilet training), whereas NTD.PH.ZZ addresses only training of urination functions; faecal continence training would fall under the defaecation functions block. Neither code alone captures the full scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="28443006"/>
<display value="Chiropractic diathermy"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Muscle hyperthermy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no diathermy-specific code; diathermy is a form of deep-heat/hyperthermy therapy applied to muscles and soft tissue, making MRM.SD.BQ (Muscle hyperthermy, electromagnetic/radiofrequency means) the closest functional analogue. The match is inexact because diathermy is a specific electromagnetic technique and the SNOMED concept is chiropractic-provider-specific."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172629000"/>
<display value="Clearance of external auditory canal"/>
<target>
<code value="CAE.JA.AC"/>
<display value="Irrigation of external auditory canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Clearance of the external auditory canal corresponds most closely to irrigation of the external auditory canal in ICHI; however, the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing mechanical removal methods in addition to irrigation, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="427391006"/>
<display value="Clearance of secretions of respiratory tract"/>
<target>
<code value="JZZ.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Suctioning of airways, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single code for secretion clearance of the respiratory tract as a whole; JZZ.JB.AC is the closest single code, but the SNOMED concept is broader — it encompasses suctioning, postural drainage, chest physiotherapy, and other techniques."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386496003"/>
<display value="Closed drainage wound care"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for closed (sealed/suction) wound drainage; the closest available concept is the application of a dressing to skin or subcutaneous tissue, which captures wound care management but does not represent the drainage/drain-tube aspect."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="127588005"/>
<display
value="Closed reduction of dislocation AND application of cast"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept combines two procedures — closed reduction of a dislocation and cast application — at an unspecified joint, and no single ICHI code captures this combination; MRJ.LD.AH covers the reduction component but omits the cast immobilisation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179634002"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of dislocation of nasal septum"/>
<target>
<code value="MAE.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of nose"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific closed reduction code for the nasal septum; the closest available code is closed reduction of the nose (nasal bone), which is anatomically adjacent but targets a different structure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450656006"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of injury to epiphyseal growth plate"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for the epiphyseal growth plate (physeal/Salter-Harris injuries); the closest available code is closed reduction of bone at an unspecified site, which captures the closed reduction approach but does not distinguish the epiphyseal plate as the injured structure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1287543006"/>
<display value="Coagulation of external ear using electrical energy"/>
<target>
<code value="CAC.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of auricle of ear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept targets the "external ear" broadly (auricle plus external auditory canal), while CAC.GA.AA is specific to the auricle; furthermore, the electrical energy means is not captured in the ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386241007"/>
<display value="Cognitive stimulation"/>
<target>
<code value="AUH.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for higher-level cognitive functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cognitive stimulation is a structured therapeutic technique to engage and stimulate cognitive functioning, which aligns most closely with AUH.PG.ZZ in the specific mental functions block. No dedicated "cognitive stimulation" code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182660006"/>
<display value="Cold therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.SE.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Cooling of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cold therapy (cryotherapy) as applied in rehabilitation and pain management primarily targets peripheral body areas, making PZX.SE.ZZ the best available match. ICHI does not have a dedicated "cold therapy" or physiotherapy modality code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="418479003"/>
<display value="Community education"/>
<target>
<code value="SXB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about engaging in community life"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Education about engaging in community life" is the closest assignable ICHI category, but the SNOMED concept denotes educating a population or community group broadly, whereas the ICHI code frames it as education directed at an individual about their participation in community life."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="424673000"/>
<display
value="Community resources education, guidance and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="UEO.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about general social support services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Community resources" is most closely mirrored by UEO.PM.ZZ; the match is inexact because the ICHI code refers to services/systems/policies rather than "community resources" broadly, and the SNOMED concept also encompasses guidance and counselling."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="17217009"/>
<display value="Composite graft"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for composite grafts (grafts combining multiple tissue types such as skin and cartilage); LZZ.ML.AA is the closest available code as a skin graft residual category but does not capture the multi-tissue nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="84251009"/>
<display value="Comprehensive consultation"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="General health assessment"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no consultation code; the closest functional equivalent is PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment of the whole person), which overlaps with what a comprehensive consultation achieves, but ICHI does not encode the act of consulting/advising."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="3891000"/>
<display
value="Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, permanent dentition, for class I malocclusion"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.SM.AC"/>
<display value="Management of external appliance of tooth"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific orthodontic treatment code; KAE.SM.AC captures ongoing management of orthodontic braces but does not cover the full scope of comprehensive orthodontic treatment including diagnosis, planning, and fitting, nor does it distinguish dentition type or malocclusion class."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="77406008"/>
<display value="Confirmatory medical consultation"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="General health assessment"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no code for a confirmatory or second-opinion consultation as a distinct clinical encounter type; "General health assessment" is the closest approximation but does not capture the confirmatory or inter-clinician referral nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="400984005"/>
<display value="Congenital hypothyroidism screening test"/>
<target>
<code value="XG6YN3"/>
<display value="Thyroid-stimulating hormone"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Congenital hypothyroidism newborn screening is performed primarily by TSH measurement, and XG6YN3 is the ICHI essential laboratory test code for TSH; however, the ICHI code names only the analyte/test, while the SNOMED concept specifies the full neonatal screening programme context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="420650002"/>
<display value="Consultation for pain"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's counselling for pain targets the same clinical domain (sensation of pain as the intervention target, action PP = counselling), making this the closest available match; however, a SNOMED "consultation for pain" is a broader clinical encounter that may include assessment, investigation, and treatment planning, whereas ICHI's code specifies only the counselling action component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439301002"/>
<display
value="Contouring of forehead for reduction and application of prosthetic material"/>
<target>
<code value="MAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Cranial osteoplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept describes craniofacial bone contouring of the forehead with prosthetic augmentation, corresponding most closely to cranial osteoplasty; however, ICHI does not capture the specific sub-procedure of forehead reduction with prosthetic material application, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440590002"/>
<display
value="Contouring of forehead for reduction and setback of anterior frontal sinus wall"/>
<target>
<code value="MAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Cranial osteoplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Setback of the anterior frontal sinus wall is an osteotomy-and-repositioning procedure of the skull, best captured by cranial osteoplasty in ICHI; the frontal sinus block (JAG) does not contain a code for wall setback or craniofacial contouring, so this is an approximate match at the skull-reconstruction level."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="19067002"/>
<display
value="Control of epistaxis by excision of nasal mucosa with grafting"/>
<target>
<code value="JAA.LA.AC"/>
<display value="Control of epistaxis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes a compound procedure — excision of nasal mucosa combined with grafting to achieve haemostasis — which is not representable by a single ICHI code; "Control of epistaxis" captures the therapeutic intent but entirely misses the excision and reconstruction components, so the match is approximate at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410282005"/>
<display value="Coping skills education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="SDJ.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about handling stress and other psychological demands"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's SDJ block (handling stress and other psychological demands) is the best structural match for coping skills, and SDJ.PM.ZZ (education) covers the education/guidance component; however, no single ICHI code combines education, guidance, and counselling as the SNOMED concept does — SDJ.PP.ZZ (counselling) or SDJ.PN.ZZ (advising) would each capture only part of the concept — making this an inexact, partial match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="409062000"/>
<display value="Coping skills treatments and procedures"/>
<target>
<code value="SDJ.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Coping skills treatments and procedures" is a broad SNOMED grouper covering any therapeutic intervention to build coping capacity; SDJ.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy for handling stress and psychological demands) is the most treatment-oriented code in the SDJ block and a reasonable approximation, but it specifies psychotherapy specifically rather than the wider set of therapeutic modalities implied by the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448402000"/>
<display value="Core decompression of head of femur"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no code specifically for core decompression of the femoral head; MLB.JI.AA "Local excision of lesion of femur" is the closest available match because core decompression involves removal of a core of bone tissue from the femoral head, which approximates a local excision of bone, but the intent (relieving intraosseous pressure in avascular necrosis) and technique differ meaningfully from a standard lesion excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="275249009"/>
<display value="Correction of scoliosis"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LE.AA"/>
<display value="Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Surgical correction of scoliosis most commonly involves spinal fusion with instrumentation, making MBZ.LE.AA the closest available ICHI code; however, the match is inexact because scoliosis correction may also involve osteotomy or other techniques, and the ICHI code does not capture the scoliosis indication or the multi-level nature of the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1345170008"/>
<display value="Counseling about housing"/>
<target>
<code value="SNC.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling about acquiring a place to live"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SNC.PP.ZZ is the closest individual-level housing counselling code in ICHI, but it frames housing narrowly as "acquiring a place to live" rather than the full range of housing topics (safety, suitability, adaptations, homelessness) covered by the SNOMED concept, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1303768005"/>
<display value="Counseling about transportation"/>
<target>
<code value="SKA.PN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Advising about using transportation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SKA.PN.ZZ covers advising about using transportation (an activity/participation domain code), which is the closest available match; however, the SNOMED concept uses the counselling action (PP) rather than advising (PN), and no fully assignable counselling-about-transportation code exists. SKA.PN.ZZ is a reasonable approximation but the action axis differs slightly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405350002"/>
<display value="Removal of abdominal vascular prosthesis"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.JD.AF"/>
<display
value="Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IZA.JD.AF is the closest available ICHI code for removal of an intravascular device from an artery when no more specific abdominal artery code with a JD (removal) action exists; the ICHI code does not distinguish prostheses from other devices, does not specify the abdominal location, and does not cover venous prostheses, making this an approximate rather than precise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1366575006"/>
<display
value="Ultrasonography guided catheter-directed injection of sclerosing agent foam into vein"/>
<target>
<code value="IFD.GA.AF"/>
<display value="Endovenous destruction of vein of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Chemical foam sclerotherapy is a form of endovenous chemical destruction, so IFD.GA.AF captures the functional intent; however the ICHI code is limited to the lower limb while the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified, and ICHI does not distinguish the foam injection technique from other endovenous destruction methods."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1359752000"/>
<display
value="Ultrasonography guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into abdomen"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.DL.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for percutaneous device insertion into the abdominal cavity or organs; the closest available code targets the integumentary layer of the trunk, which is anatomically narrower than the abdominal cavity, so the match is only approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1359753005"/>
<display
value="Ultrasonography guided percutaneous insertion of fiducial marker into pelvis"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.DL.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for percutaneous device insertion into the pelvic cavity or its organs, and no pelvic NOS block with a device insertion code; the closest available code targets the integumentary tissue of the trunk, which does not accurately represent the pelvic target site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702593002"/>
<display value="Ultrasound guided needle localization of chest"/>
<target>
<code value="PAE.BA.BJ"/>
<display value="Ultrasound of thorax"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for needle localization under ultrasound guidance; PAE.BA.BJ captures only the ultrasound imaging component of the chest and omits the needle localization action that is the defining feature of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702592007"/>
<display value="Ultrasound guided needle localization of pelvis"/>
<target>
<code value="PAK.BA.BJ"/>
<display value="Ultrasound of abdomen"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks both a pelvic-specific topographic imaging code and any needle localization procedure code; PAK.BA.BJ is the nearest topographic ultrasound code but covers the abdomen rather than the pelvis, and entirely omits the needle localization action."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="281588005"/>
<display value="Vascular cannula insertion"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is the closest ICHI code for inserting a device into a blood vessel, but it specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach while vascular cannula insertion can also be performed via open cutdown; the SNOMED concept is not restricted to percutaneous access, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233551001"/>
<display value="Vascular cannula unblockage"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.JE.AA"/>
<display
value="Extraction of obstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Clearing a blocked cannula maps most closely to extracting an obstruction from a blood vessel, but ICHI conceptualises this as a vessel-level obstruction (e.g. thrombus) rather than a device-level blockage; the clinical intent is similar but the target of the intervention differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710853006"/>
<display value="Assessment of fluid balance"/>
<target>
<code value="SMG.AB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Measurement of fluid intake"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code representing overall fluid balance assessment (intake versus output); SMG.AB.ZZ captures only the intake component, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231421000"/>
<display value="Cryotherapy to trigger point"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SE.AH"/>
<display value="Hypothermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A trigger point is a focal area of muscle pain/tenderness, and cryotherapy to it is a cold-based pain relief intervention; AXA.SE.AH (Hypothermy for pain) captures the cold modality applied for pain management but does not specify the trigger point target or muscle site, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="90226004"/>
<display
value="Cytopathology procedure, preparation of smear, genital source"/>
<target>
<code value="NMF.AH.XH"/>
<display value="Cervical papanicolaou smear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMF.AH.XH represents a smear preparation from a genital source (cervix) and is the closest assignable ICHI code, but it is narrower (cervix only, not all genital sources) and conflates collection with preparation rather than isolating the preparation step; the SNOMED concept covers any genital-source smear preparation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229203005"/>
<display value="Daily living activities in water"/>
<target>
<code value="SMB.RA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Performing the task of washing oneself"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for water-based activities of daily living as a category; the closest approximation within the activities-and-participation domain is SMB.RA.ZZ (performing washing oneself), which captures a functional self-care activity performed in water, but does not cover the full breadth of water-based daily living activities (e.g., swimming, hydrotherapy). The match is approximate rather than direct."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410283000"/>
<display value="Day care/respite education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="UEO.RG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Providing general social support services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for day care or respite services with an educational and counselling component; UEO.RG.ZZ (providing general social support services) is the closest available code as it encompasses the delivery of community-based support services to patients and caregivers, but it is broader and does not capture the education, guidance, and counselling dimensions of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="238301005"/>
<display value="Debulking of lesion of peritoneum"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of peritoneal tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Debulking implies deliberate partial removal of a lesion to reduce tumour burden rather than complete local excision, so the SNOMED concept is functionally distinct from full local excision. KMA.JI.AA is the closest available code in ICHI's peritoneum section — no dedicated debulking or cytoreduction code exists — making this an approximate but not equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="133920001"/>
<display value="Decision making encouragement"/>
<target>
<code value="SCL.RC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Emotional support for decision making"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Decision making encouragement" is a motivational/supportive intervention to foster patient autonomy in decision-making, which most closely aligns with SCL.RC.ZZ (Emotional support for decision making). The match is inexact because "encouragement" has a distinct motivational connotation not fully captured by "emotional support," and ICHI does not have a dedicated "encouragement" intervention type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363050002"/>
<display value="Decompression of ear structure"/>
<target>
<code value="CBA.FC.AC"/>
<display value="Release of middle ear, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept "ear structure" is deliberately non-specific and could encompass the middle ear, inner ear, or other ear structures, whereas ICHI's release code is anchored to the middle ear; no generic "ear decompression" code exists in ICHI. The match is approximate given the ambiguity of the SNOMED term and the narrower anatomical scope of the ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="48914004"/>
<display value="Decompression of hand, injection injury"/>
<target>
<code value="MGL.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Decompression following high-pressure injection injury to the hand requires urgent surgical incision of the fascial compartments (fasciotomy) of the hand to relieve pressure, which is best approximated by the ICHI code for incision of fascia of hand or finger. The match is inexact because the SNOMED concept encodes both the decompression purpose and the injection-injury aetiology, neither of which is captured in the ICHI title."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="28537006"/>
<display value="Decompression of internal auditory canal"/>
<target>
<code value="CCA.FA.AC"/>
<display value="Incision of inner ear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The internal auditory canal is a bony canal within the petrous bone containing cranial nerves VII and VIII; its decompression involves drilling into the bone, which is not precisely represented in ICHI. The closest available code is incision of inner ear (CCA.FA.AC), as the inner ear block (BlockL4-CCA) is the most anatomically relevant section, but this is an approximate match since ICHI does not have a dedicated internal auditory canal target or a bone-drilling/decompression action for this structure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="69003002"/>
<display value="Decompression of muscle"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of muscle of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code explicitly for muscle decompression (e.g., fasciotomy for compartment syndrome); the closest available code is "Division of muscle of unspecified site," which represents a related surgical action on muscle tissue, but does not precisely capture the decompression intent and the target axis is the muscle itself rather than its compartment or fascia."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="38135000"/>
<display value="Decompression of nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Decompression of nerve" is a generic SNOMED concept covering both peripheral and central nerves, while "Release of peripheral nerve" covers only the peripheral nervous system; this is the best available match but it excludes spinal nerve root and cranial nerve decompression which also fall under the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="79538007"/>
<display value="Decompression of thoracic outlet by tenotomy"/>
<target>
<code value="MCT.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of tendon of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a thoracic outlet tenotomy code; the closest approximation is MCT.FC.AA "Release of tendon of trunk," which covers tendon release in the trunk region where the thoracic outlet is anatomically located. The match is inexact because ICHI uses "release" (FC) rather than tenotomy/division (FA), the thoracic outlet is not equivalent to the trunk as a target, and the decompression-by-tenotomy specificity is lost."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1335753008"/>
<display
value="Decompression of thoracic spinal cord and fusion of joint of thoracic spine"/>
<target>
<code value="MBG.LE.AA"/>
<display value="Fusion of thoracic spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept encodes a compound procedure (spinal cord decompression plus thoracic spine fusion) for which ICHI has no single code. MBG.LE.AA "Fusion of thoracic spine" represents the definitive stabilisation component at the correct anatomical site, but does not capture the spinal cord decompression component (ABA.FC.AA would be needed for that), making the single-code mapping inherently inexact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1115001"/>
<display value="Decortication"/>
<target>
<code value="JCA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of pleura"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Decortication (SNOMED 1115001) is an unspecified/generic concept that in clinical use most commonly refers to pleural decortication — removal of the restrictive fibrous peel from the visceral pleura — which aligns best with JCA.JJ.AA (partial excision of pleura); however, the match is inexact because the SNOMED concept is broader (decortication can apply to lung, kidney, etc.) and the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the decortication technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="78110003"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion of choroid by implantation of radiation source"/>
<target>
<code value="BCA.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BCA.GA.BA covers destruction of posterior eyeball structures (which includes the choroid) by radiotherapy, matching the radiation-based mechanism. However, SNOMED specifies implantation of a radiation source (brachytherapy/plaque), while the ICHI code does not distinguish between brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120224007"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure in forearm"/>
<target>
<code value="MFJ.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of wrist joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "destruction of forearm tissue" code; the only forearm-region destruction code is for the wrist joint specifically (BlockL4-MFB > BlockL5-MFJ). This is an approximate match — same anatomical region and destructive action, but restricted to the joint rather than covering the full range of forearm tissues implied by the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="86201001"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure of musculoskeletal system"/>
<target>
<code value="MZZ.ZZ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Interventions on the musculoskeletal system, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "destruction of musculoskeletal structure NEC" code; the only musculoskeletal system-level unspecified code (MZZ.ZZ.ZZ) covers any unspecified musculoskeletal intervention, not destruction specifically, making it only approximately related. The SNOMED concept specifies the action (destructive) while the ICHI code is action-agnostic."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="58117001"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure of shoulder and arm"/>
<target>
<code value="LAE.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No single ICHI code covers destruction across the full shoulder-and-arm region for all tissue types; LAE.GA.AH is the broadest anatomically relevant code (upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue), but the SNOMED concept encompasses deep structures including bone, muscle, and joint of both the shoulder and arm, which this ICHI code does not capture."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="103724004"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure on skin using laser surgery"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no means code that explicitly represents laser surgery for skin destruction; LZZ.GA.AH captures destruction of skin (NEC, non-radiotherapy, non-site-specific) which aligns with the action and target axes of the SNOMED concept, but the laser modality is not specified in the ICHI code and the anatomical site is left unspecified (NEC), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="61473007"/>
<display value="Detorsion of ovary"/>
<target>
<code value="NMA.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of ovary"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "reduction of torsion of ovary" code (unlike its counterparts for spermatic cord and fallopian tube); "Release of ovary" is the closest available code, as detorsion involves releasing the twisted adnexal pedicle, but the action axis FC (release/freeing of adhesions) is broader and does not specifically denote torsion correction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274387006"/>
<display value="Diagnostic aspiration of breast"/>
<target>
<code value="LCA.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of breast"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "aspiration of breast" code; percutaneous drainage of breast is the closest procedural match (same approach, same target, fluid removal), but the ICHI code implies a therapeutic drainage intent whereas the SNOMED concept is specifically a diagnostic aspiration for cytological or fluid analysis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1398005"/>
<display
value="Direct thrombectomy of iliac vein by incision of lower limb"/>
<target>
<code value="IED.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of abdominal or pelvic vein"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies open thrombectomy of the iliac vein via a lower limb incision — a procedure spanning both pelvic (iliac) and lower limb anatomy. ICHI's IED.FA.AA captures the iliac vein target with an open approach but does not encode the thrombectomy action (removal of thrombus) nor the lower-limb incision access; IFD.FA.AA (incision of lower limb vein) captures the access route but misses the iliac target, so neither is a clean fit and IED.FA.AA is the least-wrong choice."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56991008"/>
<display value="Discission"/>
<target>
<code value="BBF.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Capsulotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Discission is an ophthalmologic needle-incision of the lens capsule (used historically for cataract or posterior capsule opacification), functionally equivalent to capsulotomy — incision of the lens capsule. ICHI has no specific "discission" code, but BBF.FA.AA (Capsulotomy, within the Interventions on Lens block) is the closest structural and procedural match; the terminology differs but the target anatomy and action align well."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440546007"/>
<display value="Discussion about pregnancy"/>
<target>
<code value="NUE.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about functions related to pregnancy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NUE.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for a clinical encounter focused on pregnancy, covering education/information provision about pregnancy functions within the genitourinary system block. The match is inexact because SNOMED's concept is a general discussion (could include counselling, planning, or risk discussion), whereas ICHI is scoped to education specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1356785007"/>
<display
value="Doppler ultrasonography of penis with injection of vasoactive agent into corpus cavernosum of penis"/>
<target>
<code value="NGM.BA.BJ"/>
<display value="Ultrasound of penis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NGM.BA.BJ captures the ultrasound component of this combined diagnostic-interventional procedure (penile Doppler imaging), but ICHI has no equivalent code for the intracavernosal vasoactive injection component, leaving a clinically significant part of the SNOMED concept unrepresented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231414000"/>
<display value="Dorsal root entry zone lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="ABN.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of spinal nerve root"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="DREZ-tomy creates a surgical lesion at the dorsal horn entry zone of the spinal cord to ablate pain pathways, which is distinct from simple nerve root destruction; ABN.GA.AA is the closest ICHI code but does not precisely capture the spinal cord dorsal horn target or the specific neurosurgical lesioning technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="791006"/>
<display value="Dressing and fixation procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept combines two distinct components — wound dressing and mechanical fixation — but ICHI only provides codes for one at a time; LZZ.DK.AH covers the dressing aspect but has no direct parallel for the combined dressing-and-fixation concept, making this an approximate match at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385947005"/>
<display value="Dressing change assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The closest ICHI match is a general skin/subcutaneous tissue assessment; ICHI does not have a specific code for assessing a wound during or after a dressing change, making this an approximate alignment focused on the assessment act rather than the dressing-change context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410285007"/>
<display
value="Dressing change/wound care education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="LT2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about skin functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LT2.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI code for educating a patient about skin-related care, but it does not specifically address wound care or dressing technique and does not capture the guidance/counselling components that are part of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1259018009"/>
<display value="Education about adult learning center"/>
<target>
<code value="STC.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about engaging in informal education"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Adult learning centers provide non-formal continuing education for adults, which maps closest to ICHI's informal education target (STC). The ICHI code covers the same general domain but does not distinguish adult learning centers as a specific setting, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710716009"/>
<display value="Education about breast care during postpartum period"/>
<target>
<code value="NUH.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about lactation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Postpartum breast care education is predominantly centred on lactation support, making NUH.PM.ZZ the closest clinical match; however, the SNOMED concept is broader as it includes non-lactation aspects of postpartum breast care (e.g., mastitis prevention, engorgement management) that are not captured by the lactation-specific ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710717000"/>
<display value="Education about breast care during prenatal period"/>
<target>
<code value="NUH.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about lactation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Prenatal breast care education is primarily directed at preparing for breastfeeding, making NUH.PM.ZZ the closest available ICHI code; the SNOMED concept is broader, encompassing general breast health during pregnancy beyond lactation preparation, and the prenatal timing is not reflected in the ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="720510004"/>
<display value="Education about chronic kidney disease"/>
<target>
<code value="NT2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about urinary functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated code for education about kidney disease as a pathological condition; NT2.PM.ZZ targets urinary functions (a functional domain) rather than the disease entity of chronic kidney disease. The match is approximate — the functional scope overlaps with CKD management education but the framing and target differ."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710553000"/>
<display value="Education about fluid balance"/>
<target>
<code value="ETE.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about water, mineral and electrolyte balance function"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Fluid balance and water/electrolyte balance are closely related but not identical physiological concepts — fluid balance encompasses broader aspects (e.g. intake/output, oedema management) beyond just water-mineral-electrolyte balance. The ICHI code is the best available approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1345005002"/>
<display value="Education about parenting skills"/>
<target>
<code value="VEJ.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education to influence parenting behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VEJ.PM.ZZ is the most specific ICHI code available for parenting-related education and aligns well with the intervention type. However, SNOMED frames the concept as imparting parenting skills (a competency/knowledge focus), while ICHI frames it as influencing parenting behaviours (a behaviour-change focus), creating a meaningful semantic difference."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="243112001"/>
<display value="Educational placement for visually impaired child"/>
<target>
<code value="STE.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with engaging in school education"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for educational placement as such, nor a code specific to visual impairment in children. STE.RB.ZZ (practical support with school education) is the closest match — it captures the facilitative/support action toward school participation — but it is neither specific to visual impairment nor to the formal placement decision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="303394007"/>
<display value="Electrocoagulation of gastric lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both concepts describe destruction of a gastric lesion, but the ICHI code specifies the endoscopic approach while the SNOMED concept specifies electrocoagulation as the means without mandating an approach; the overlap is substantial but neither is a strict superset of the other."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="414089002"/>
<display value="Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention"/>
<target>
<code value="HIA.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with insertion of stent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HIA.LH.AF is the most specific ICHI code for percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting, the predominant form of PCI in contemporary practice; the SNOMED concept covers PCI broadly (including balloon-only angioplasty) and encodes an emergency context that ICHI does not capture."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="395094003"/>
<display value="Emotional and psychosocial support and education"/>
<target>
<code value="ATF.RC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Emotional support for global psychosocial functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ATF.RC.ZZ captures the emotional support component targeting global psychosocial functions, which aligns well with the support dimension of the SNOMED concept; however, the education component is a separate ICHI code (ATF.PM.ZZ), and the SNOMED concept bundles both into one undifferentiated term."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="698412001"/>
<display value="Endoscopic coagulation of esophageal hemorrhage"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic haemostasis or bleeding control code for the oesophagus (unlike the colon); KBA.GA.AD covers endoscopic destruction of oesophageal tissue, which is the closest functional match for thermal/electrocoagulation of a bleeding site, but the "destruction" framing is not equivalent to haemostasis and the code does not specifically convey bleeding control."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="698411008"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic control of esophageal hemorrhage by injection"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.DB.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic administration of agent into lesion of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBA.DB.AD captures the injection/agent-administration aspect of the procedure endoscopically in the oesophagus, which aligns with the "by injection" means in the SNOMED concept; however, the ICHI code is framed as administration into a lesion rather than explicitly as haemostatic injection, so the bleeding control intent is not conveyed."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="426589007"/>
<display value="Endoscopic decompression of joint"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically titled "endoscopic decompression of joint"; joint decompression via endoscopy is functionally achieved by drainage (fluid removal), so MRJ.JB.AA is the closest structural match, but it does not encode the endoscopic approach and the decompression intent is only implied by the drainage action."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609283008"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic surgical procedure on esophagus using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Laser surgery on the oesophagus is most commonly ablative/destructive, and KBA.GA.AD captures the endoscopic destruction action on the oesophagus; however, ICHI does not encode laser as a specific means, and the SNOMED concept is broader than destruction alone (it could include excision), making this an approximate rather than precise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609284002"/>
<display value="Endoscopic surgical procedure on stomach using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBF.GA.AD captures endoscopic destruction on the stomach, which aligns with the primary clinical use of laser in this context, but ICHI lacks a laser-specific means code and the SNOMED term is broader than destruction alone, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="7824000"/>
<display value="Enlargement of pre-existing atrial septal defect"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HAD.LG.AF represents the percutaneous balloon dilatation of an interatrial communication, which is the predominant technique used to enlarge a pre-existing atrial septal defect (e.g., Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy). The SNOMED concept is slightly broader as enlargement could also be achieved by other means (e.g., surgical), whereas the ICHI code specifies the percutaneous transluminal approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="50887005"/>
<display value="Enlargement of pre-existing foramen ovale"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of interatrial communication"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A patent foramen ovale is anatomically an interatrial communication at the same septal level, and HAD.LG.AF is the best available ICHI match for enlarging a pre-existing foramen ovale. The code is not specific to the foramen ovale as a distinct anatomical variant versus a general atrial septal defect, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="134425009"/>
<display value="Enuresis support"/>
<target>
<code value="NTD.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of urination functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no enuresis-specific code; NTD.PH.ZZ (training of urination functions) is the closest functional match as enuresis support typically involves behavioural/functional training of urination, but the ICHI code does not specifically denote enuresis or a support-oriented framing."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386288006"/>
<display value="Environmental management: worker safety"/>
<target>
<code value="VCB.TM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Environment modification to influence workplace safety behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VCB.TM.ZZ encodes environment modification targeting workplace safety behaviours, which aligns with the intent of managing the environment for worker safety, but ICHI frames the target as a safety behaviour rather than the environment itself as a hazard domain, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="34814005"/>
<display value="Epicardial poudrage"/>
<target>
<code value="HFF.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Injection into the pericardium"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Epicardial poudrage involves applying an irritant powder to the epicardial surface to stimulate adhesion or neovascularization, which is not injection and is performed open surgically (not percutaneously); HFF.DB.AE is the closest available pericardium-intervention code involving introduction of a substance, but the route, technique, and purpose differ significantly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1255196002"/>
<display
value="Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with control of hemorrhage of esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no haemostasis or hemorrhage-control code for the oesophagus; KBA.GA.AD is the closest endoscopic interventional code on oesophageal tissue, but "destruction of lesion or tissue" is a different clinical action than "control of haemorrhage.""/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="370795000"/>
<display
value="Evaluation for signs and symptoms of injury as a result of positioning"/>
<target>
<code value="LT2.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of skin functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Positioning-related injury most commonly presents as pressure injury or skin/tissue damage, making assessment of skin functions the closest ICHI category available. However, positioning injury can also affect nerves, muscles, and joints, so the match is approximate rather than direct."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="250570001"/>
<display value="Evaluation of acid-base balance"/>
<target>
<code value="ETE.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of water, mineral and electrolyte balance function"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Acid-base balance (pH regulation via bicarbonate and CO2) is physiologically distinct from but closely related to water, mineral, and electrolyte balance, as both reflect the body's internal chemical homeostasis. No dedicated ICHI code for acid-base balance exists, making ETE.AA.ZZ the nearest available category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="447241003"/>
<display value="Evaluation of endocrine system"/>
<target>
<code value="EZZ.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of endocrine system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="EZZ.AA.ZZ is the residual whole-endocrine-system assessment code and aligns well with the SNOMED concept's broad scope, but the "not elsewhere classified" qualifier means it is a residual catch-all rather than a dedicated code for general endocrine system evaluation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443466001"/>
<display value="Evaluation of gastrointestinal tract"/>
<target>
<code value="KT2.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of function of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code for structural/anatomical assessment of the gastrointestinal tract; KT2.AA.ZZ is the best available residual code under digestive system interventions, but it targets digestive system functions rather than the gastrointestinal tract as an anatomical entity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274943006"/>
<display value="Examination of female genital tract under anesthetic"/>
<target>
<code value="NMS.AE.AC"/>
<display
value="Gynaecological internal examination, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMS.AE.AC represents an internal gynaecological examination (per orifice approach, AC means), which captures the internal examination of the female genital tract; however, ICHI does not encode the use of anaesthesia as part of this code, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231751005"/>
<display value="Exchange of intraocular lens"/>
<target>
<code value="BBF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Insertion of prosthetic lens"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "replacement/exchange of intraocular lens" code; BBF.ML.AA (lens target, insertion of prosthetic lens, open approach) captures the insertion component of the exchange but omits the removal of the existing lens (BBF.JD.AA), making it an incomplete but closest available approximation of the bilateral-step procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1351330009"/>
<display value="Excimer laser trabeculostomy"/>
<target>
<code value="BBE.GA.AH"/>
<display value="Destruction of anterior chamber of eye"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Excimer laser trabeculostomy creates outflow channels through the trabecular meshwork using laser ablation (a destruction mechanism) in the anterior chamber, but ICHI has no dedicated trabeculostomy or trabecular meshwork code — BBE.GA.AH is the closest available code capturing the target (anterior chamber) and the energy-based ablative action, though it does not specify the laser modality, the trabecular target, or the outflow-creating intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119582004"/>
<display value="Excision of neck"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.JJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "excision of neck" code — neck procedures are split across vascular (IBA/IBD), lymphatic (DFB), and skin/subcutaneous (LAA) targets. LAA.JJ.AA is the closest approximate match for a non-specific neck excision targeting superficial structures of the head or neck, but it does not cover deeper neck structures and is scoped to head or neck combined rather than neck alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="432258004"/>
<display value="Excision of neoplasm of central nervous system"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The CNS encompasses brain, spinal cord, meninges, and other structures, while AAA.JI.AA is limited to brain lesion excision only. ICHI provides site-specific codes for each CNS structure (AAA for brain, ABA for spinal cord, AAC for meninges, etc.) but no single code covering the CNS as a whole, making AAA.JI.AA an approximate match for the most common scenario but not covering the full scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1263735008"/>
<display
value="Excision of rectum by TEM (transanal endoscopic microsurgery)"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.JJ.AC"/>
<display value="Transanal resection of rectum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBW.JJ.AC matches the transanal route and partial rectal resection, which aligns well with TEM. However, TEM is a specific microsurgical endoscopic technique whereas KBW.JJ.AC uses the means axis .AC (transanal approach) without distinguishing the endoscopic microsurgery instrument; the more granular endoscopic local excision code KBW.JI.AD could also be considered for smaller TEM lesion excisions, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="444029007"/>
<display
value="Exploration of wrist with removal of deep foreign body"/>
<target>
<code value="MFJ.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from wrist joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MFJ.JD.AA captures the wrist site and foreign body removal action that are central to this SNOMED concept, but it is scoped to the wrist joint specifically rather than the broader soft tissue/deep structures around the wrist, and ICHI does not have a combined "exploration plus removal" code that reflects the procedural intent described in the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="79259004"/>
<display value="Extraction of secondary membrane by needling"/>
<target>
<code value="BBF.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Mechanical fragmentation of secondary membrane"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BBF.GA.AA "Mechanical fragmentation of secondary membrane" is the closest ICHI code for treating a secondary membrane (posterior capsule opacification), but it specifies mechanical fragmentation as the technique rather than needling (discission). Since needling is a specific mechanical technique for disrupting a secondary membrane, this is an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="170945005"/>
<display value="Eye disorder monitoring"/>
<target>
<code value="BZA.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ongoing monitoring of an eye disorder is most closely represented by assessment of the eye NEC in ICHI, but ICHI does not have a dedicated "monitoring" action code for the eye; the AI (monitoring) action axis exists for other body systems but no specific eye-monitoring category is present, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1285281001"/>
<display value="Eye health education program"/>
<target>
<code value="BTB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about seeing functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BTB.PM.ZZ is the only ICHI code specifically addressing eye-related education, but it is scoped to seeing functions rather than the full breadth of eye health (which includes structural, preventive, and rehabilitative education); the match is approximate as the SNOMED concept is a broader educational program while ICHI's code is functionally narrower."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386296001"/>
<display value="Fall prevention"/>
<target>
<code value="VCC.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in relation to home safety behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Falls predominantly occur in the home setting and fall prevention programmes characteristically include training; VCC (home safety behaviours) is the closest ICHI domain for fall prevention as a specific safety intervention. The match is inexact because fall prevention spans multiple settings and modalities beyond home-safety training, and ICHI has no dedicated fall-prevention code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="389110003"/>
<display value="Family health promotion"/>
<target>
<code value="VEJ.VB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Awareness raising to influence parenting behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no general "family health promotion" code; VEJ.VB.ZZ is an approximate match covering awareness-raising within the parenting-behaviours block, which is the closest lifestyle-behaviour promotion code with a family orientation, but it is narrower than the SNOMED concept (family health promotion is a broader construct spanning all family members and health topics, not just parenting behaviour awareness)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="6100001"/>
<display value="Fenestration of stapes footplate with vein graft"/>
<target>
<code value="CCA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Fenestration of inner ear with graft"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="CCA.ML.AA captures both fenestration and graft placement, and the stapes footplate forms the boundary of the inner ear vestibule, so procedurally this is the closest available code; however, the SNOMED concept targets the stapes footplate (middle ear ossicle) specifically, whereas ICHI classifies this under inner ear interventions, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="771624003"/>
<display
value="Fiberoptic endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal tract"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.LA.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic control of gastric bleeding"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI codes haemostasis at the organ level (stomach, duodenum) rather than at the upper GI tract level; KBF.LA.AD is selected as the most common site for upper GI haemorrhage, but the SNOMED concept spans oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173805001"/>
<display
value="Fiberoptic endoscopic laser destruction of lesion of upper gastrointestinal tract"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI encodes endoscopic destruction of lesions at the organ level without a combined upper-GI-tract code; KBF.GA.AD (stomach) is the representative best fit, but the SNOMED concept spans the entire upper GI tract and specifies laser as the means, neither captured by this code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="700121008"/>
<display value="Filing of toenail"/>
<target>
<code value="LBF.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of nail, nail bed, or nail fold of toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Filing a toenail is a basic nail care procedure that overlaps conceptually with debridement of the nail of the toe (especially in podiatry); however, ICHI's debridement code encompasses a broader, more surgical scope than simple filing."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="445265001"/>
<display value="Filing toenails of both feet"/>
<target>
<code value="LBF.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of nail, nail bed, or nail fold of toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same as 700121008 — LBF.JG.AA is the closest available ICHI code but is broader than simple bilateral nail filing; the bilateral aspect would require a laterality extension code rather than a different base code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1351799005"/>
<display value="Financial education"/>
<target>
<code value="SVA.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about engaging in basic economics transactions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Education about engaging in basic economics transactions" is the closest match to financial education, covering teaching about managing money and financial transactions; however, ICHI frames this within an activities-and-participation context rather than as a standalone health education intervention."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="37030005"/>
<display value="Fitting of orthotic device"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.DP.AH"/>
<display
value="Installation of assistive product to body site, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Orthotic devices are a category of assistive product, so PZX.DP.AH (Installation of assistive product to body site, NEC) is the closest ICHI code; the match is approximate because orthoses represent only a subset of assistive products and the SNOMED concept may imply a clinical fitting/customisation process beyond simple installation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="133859009"/>
<display value="Fixation and immobilization"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single generic code for fixation and immobilisation across all body sites; this SNOMED concept is a high-level grouper (not a specific procedure) and ICHI only offers site-specific immobilisation codes or the NEC cast/splint code. PZX.LC.AH is the closest site-unspecified external immobilisation option but is limited to cast and splint as the means, making it only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172477005"/>
<display value="Fixation of iris"/>
<target>
<code value="BBC.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of iris"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated fixation code for the iris (the BBC block lists biopsy, measurement, release, drainage, excision, and repair but no fixation/LC action for the iris). "Repair of iris" (BBC.MK.AA) is the closest available code, as surgical iris fixation (iridopexy) is frequently performed as part of iris repair; however, the concepts are not semantically equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="81676000"/>
<display value="Fixed appliance therapy for control of harmful habit"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.SM.AC"/>
<display value="Management of external appliance of tooth"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code capturing "fixed dental appliance for habit control" as a specific intervention — KAE.SM.AC (management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest available dental appliance code, but it is a management/maintenance action rather than therapeutic application for behavioural habit correction, making it only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="79091009"/>
<display
value="Fixed appliance therapy for interceptive orthodontic treatment"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.SM.AC"/>
<display value="Management of external appliance of tooth"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no dedicated orthodontic or interceptive treatment codes — no search on "orthodontic," "malocclusion," "interceptive," or "tooth alignment" returned results. KAE.SM.AC (management of external appliance of tooth) is the closest available code in the dental domain, but it does not capture the therapeutic intent of interceptive orthodontic correction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443829004"/>
<display
value="Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of coarctation of aorta with insertion of stent with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="HIK.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into aortic arch"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Coarctation of the aorta most commonly occurs at the aortic isthmus (junction of arch and descending aorta), and ICHI classifies stent-assisted percutaneous repair in the aortic arch block; however, ICHI does not distinguish coarctation from other arch lesions, and some coarctations are treated at the proximal descending thoracic aorta rather than the arch proper, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="433631008"/>
<display
value="Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal cutting balloon angioplasty of dialysis fistula with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for balloon angioplasty of an arteriovenous dialysis fistula as a distinct target; the closest available code covers percutaneous transluminal dilatation (angioplasty) of an upper limb artery, but this does not capture the fistula target, the cutting balloon technique, fluoroscopy guidance, or contrast use, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438309005"/>
<display
value="Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous transluminal temporary balloon occlusion of common iliac artery with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.LA.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The common iliac artery is an abdominal/pelvic artery and endovascular occlusion is the closest procedural match, but the ICHI code conflates embolisation (permanent) with occlusion and covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the specific common iliac, and does not capture the temporary nature of the balloon occlusion or the fluoroscopy guidance with contrast."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="238289008"/>
<display value="Flushing of peritoneal drain"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.JA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous irrigation of peritoneal cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KMA.JA.AE is the closest ICHI concept, as irrigation and flushing of a peritoneal drain share the intent of instilling fluid through a percutaneous route into the peritoneal cavity. However, flushing a drain is a tube-maintenance act rather than a cavity irrigation procedure, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1370901002"/>
<display value="Foraminoplasty of cervical spine using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="MBA.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of cervical spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no foraminoplasty or foraminal decompression code; laser foraminoplasty ablates bone and soft tissue around the intervertebral foramen using laser energy, which most closely aligns with percutaneous destruction of a lesion of the cervical spine, but this does not capture the specific foraminal widening intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1370919006"/>
<display value="Foraminoplasty of lumbar spine using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="MBM.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of lumbar spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a foraminoplasty-specific code; MBM.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of lesion of lumbar spine) is the closest structural match for a laser-based percutaneous ablation procedure on the lumbar vertebral column, though it does not encode the foraminal target or decompressive intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1370920000"/>
<display value="Foraminoplasty of thoracic spine using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="MBG.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of thoracic spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Parallel to the cervical and lumbar mappings, MBG.GA.AE is the best available ICHI code for a laser-based percutaneous procedure on the thoracic vertebral column, but foraminoplasty's specific goal of enlarging the neural foramen is not represented in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304673006"/>
<display value="Functional activity education"/>
<target>
<code value="SM1.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about self care, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Functional activity education" in a clinical/rehabilitation context refers to educating patients about performing functional daily-living tasks, which aligns most closely with SM1.PM.ZZ (education about self-care). No ICHI code for "education about activities" in general exists; SM1.PM.ZZ is an approximate match as self-care represents the core functional activities domain in ICHI's activity classification."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410294001"/>
<display value="Gait training education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="MVG.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of gait pattern"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's gait block (BlockL5-MVG) has no dedicated education, advising, or counseling code for gait pattern, unlike other body function domains; MVG.PH.ZZ (Training of gait pattern) partially overlaps in that training inherently includes instruction and guidance, but it does not capture the education and counseling dimensions of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182515004"/>
<display value="Gastrointestinal decompression"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Drainage of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Gastric drainage is the most common clinical form of GI decompression, but the SNOMED concept encompasses drainage of any GI segment (small intestine, colon) whereas ICHI's code is restricted to the stomach. The procedural intent aligns but the scope diverges, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="63771003"/>
<display value="General actinotherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.SC.AH"/>
<display value="Whole body phototherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Actinotherapy is the therapeutic use of radiation (typically UV or visible light) applied to the body, which corresponds most closely to whole body phototherapy in ICHI; however, actinotherapy can refer to other radiation types beyond phototherapy, and the SNOMED term is general (not body-site-specific), making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="18071000202109"/>
<display value="Giving encouragement to wash self"/>
<target>
<code value="SMB.RC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Emotional support for washing oneself"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Giving encouragement to wash self" is a motivational/supportive act directed at the self-care activity of washing; "emotional support for washing oneself" (SMB.RC.ZZ) is the closest ICHI concept, as encouragement is a form of emotional support. However, it is not an exact match since ICHI's emotional support is a broader rehabilitative concept, while SNOMED's term is a specific nursing encouragement act."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1287530006"/>
<display value="Grafting of connective tissue to gingiva"/>
<target>
<code value="KAG.ML.AC"/>
<display value="Gingivoplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Gingivoplasty (KAG.ML.AC) is the closest ICHI code for a reconstructive/grafting procedure on the gingiva, using the ML (reconstruction) action on the gum (KAG) target; however, ICHI does not distinguish connective tissue grafting as a specific technique, and gingivoplasty more precisely denotes gingival reshaping, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="827098001"/>
<display value="Grafting of dura mater"/>
<target>
<code value="AAC.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of cerebral meninges"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Dura mater is a layer of the meninges, and ICHI addresses meningeal repair at the cerebral (AAC.MK.AA) and spinal (ABC.MK.AA) levels separately; there is no single unifying "dura mater graft" code. AAC.MK.AA is the closest match for cranial dura mater grafting, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific (cranial or spinal) and "grafting" implies a more specific reconstructive technique than the general repair code captures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="712822003"/>
<display value="Grafting of fat"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.LK.AA"/>
<display
value="Augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated fat grafting or lipofilling code; LZZ.LK.AA (augmentation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue NEC) captures the functional intent of fat grafting — adding volume to soft tissue — but is an approximate match because it does not specify the technique (autologous fat transfer), the donor harvest step, or body-site specificity, and "augmentation" may also be achieved by non-graft means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="271581005"/>
<display value="Grafting of scrotum"/>
<target>
<code value="NGG.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of scrotum with rotational or pedicle flaps"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated grafting code for the scrotum; NGG.ML.AA is the closest reconstructive procedure using tissue transfer techniques (rotational or pedicle flaps), but it specifies a particular flap method rather than grafting generically. No other assignable code in the scrotum block better captures tissue grafting."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1344616001"/>
<display value="Grafting of tissue to anus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBX.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of anus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The anus block contains no dedicated graft code; KBX.MK.AA (Repair of anus) is the broadest repair/reconstructive code available and subsumes tissue grafting as one possible repair technique, but it is far more general than the specific SNOMED grafting concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1354614005"/>
<display value="Grafting of tissue to esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated graft code for the oesophagus; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) uses the ML action axis (reconstruction/graft) which most closely aligns with tissue grafting, but it is broader and encompasses any reconstructive technique rather than grafting specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1344716007"/>
<display value="Grafting of tissue to lower limb"/>
<target>
<code value="LAG.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft to lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LAG.ML.AA specifically covers skin grafts to the lower limb and is the closest ICHI code available, but the SNOMED concept refers to grafting of tissue generically (which could include muscle, fascia, or other tissue types beyond skin), making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="37423005"/>
<display value="Gross operation repair of omphalocele, first stage"/>
<target>
<code value="PAO.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of umbilical hernia"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated omphalocele code; PAO.MK.AA (repair of umbilical/periumbilical wall defect) is the closest structural match. The SNOMED concept is specifically a first-stage staged repair of a congenital abdominal wall defect, distinct from a routine umbilical hernia repair."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="47076007"/>
<display value="Gross operation repair of omphalocele, second stage"/>
<target>
<code value="PAO.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of umbilical hernia"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a code for staged omphalocele closure, and PAO.MK.AA is the best available structural approximation for an open repair of an umbilical/abdominal wall defect, though it does not capture the staged or congenital nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="309076000"/>
<display value="Harvest of musculoskeletal tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.JH.AA"/>
<display value="Procurement of bone from unspecified site for graft"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No single ICHI code covers procurement of generic musculoskeletal tissue. MRB.JH.AA is one component but the SNOMED concept also encompasses muscle, tendon, cartilage, and fascia, making the match approximate at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385827001"/>
<display value="Health promotion education"/>
<target>
<code value="VE1.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education to influence lifestyle behaviours, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI encodes health education within targeted behaviour domains rather than offering a single generic "health promotion education" code; VE1.PM.ZZ is the closest broadly-applicable match, but health promotion encompasses dimensions beyond lifestyle behaviours that are split across many other ICHI codes."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440085006"/>
<display value="Home visit for postpartum care and assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="NUE.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of functions related to pregnancy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NUE.AA.ZZ is the nearest available code in the reproductive/genital functions chapter and covers assessment in the pregnancy/perinatal context, but is scoped to pregnancy functions rather than the postpartum period specifically; the postpartum setting, the home visit, and the care component are not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="424753004"/>
<display
value="Dietary management education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="VEA.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling about eating behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept spans education, guidance, and counselling about dietary management, while ICHI separates these into distinct codes (VEA.PM.ZZ education, VEA.PN.ZZ advising, VEA.PP.ZZ counselling about eating behaviours); no single ICHI code captures all three modalities combined, and the target domain in ICHI ("eating behaviours" under health-related behaviours) is a reasonable but not exact fit for clinical dietary management."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1297093001"/>
<display value="Dilation and manipulation of intestinal stoma"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LG.AC"/>
<display
value="Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for dilation/manipulation of an intestinal stoma; KBK.LG.AC covers dilatation of the small intestine (the most common intestinal stoma type), making it the closest available match. However, it does not capture stoma manipulation as a distinct stomal care intervention, nor does it cover colostomy or other intestinal stoma types, making this an approximate rather than equivalent mapping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438520009"/>
<display value="Dilation of arteriovenous fistula"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specific to arteriovenous fistula dilation; dialysis AV fistulas are predominantly upper-limb structures and balloon dilation of a stenotic fistula targets the arterial inflow or venous outflow limb percutaneously, making ICA.LG.AF the nearest anatomical and procedural approximation. The match is inexact because ICHI codes the target as "artery of upper limb" rather than the AV fistula itself, and does not capture the venous outflow component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274471009"/>
<display value="Dilation of gastrointestinal tract"/>
<target>
<code value="KZZ.LG.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic dilatation of intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is the broadest available gastrointestinal dilatation category in ICHI, covering intestinal dilatation not classified elsewhere, but it constrains the approach to endoscopic and the target to intestine rather than the full GI tract. The SNOMED concept covers all GI dilatation regardless of approach or GI segment, so the match is approximate rather than semantically equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="67293006"/>
<display value="Dilation of lymphatic structure"/>
<target>
<code value="DFO.LG.AA"/>
<display value="Dilatation of peripheral lymphatic vessel"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="DFO.LG.AA is the only dilatation code within the lymphatic system section of ICHI, but it is specific to peripheral lymphatic vessels rather than lymphatic structures generally (which include lymph nodes, thoracic duct, and unspecified lymphatic structures). The SNOMED concept is broader in scope, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="237021000"/>
<display value="Hydrostatic replacement of inverted uterus"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.LD.AC"/>
<display value="Manual repositioning of inverted uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Hydrostatic replacement uses fluid pressure (saline infusion) to restore an inverted uterus, while ICHI's manual repositioning implies direct physical manipulation; both are non-surgical repositioning techniques for the same condition but differ in the means employed. No ICHI code captures the hydrostatic technique specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="426585001"/>
<display value="Imaging guided insertion of colorectal stent"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.LH.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic insertion of colonic stent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBP.LH.AD covers endoscopic colonic stent insertion but is scoped only to the colon (not the rectum, which is a distinct target in ICHI), and its means axis encodes an endoscopic rather than imaging-guided approach; there is no ICHI code for imaging-guided colorectal stent insertion that spans both colon and rectum."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="708680006"/>
<display value="Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of peritoneum"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KMA.JB.AE maps percutaneous drainage of the peritoneal cavity, which aligns closely with the SNOMED concept's target anatomy; however, the imaging guidance component present in the SNOMED concept is not reflected in the ICHI code, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="708811003"/>
<display value="Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of pleura"/>
<target>
<code value="JCB.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JCB.JB.AE specifies percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity, which matches the target anatomy and approach of the SNOMED concept precisely; the only missing element is the imaging guidance qualifier, which ICHI does not encode at this level of granularity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="870387009"/>
<display value="Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous administration of immunological agent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies) are immunological agents almost universally given intravenously, making DTB.DB.AF the closest ICHI code; however, ICHI does not have a specific code for checkpoint inhibitor therapy, so the match is approximate — the ICHI code is broader (covering all IV immunological agents) and does not capture the mechanism of immune checkpoint blockade."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1344960004"/>
<display value="Immunomodulator therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous administration of immunological agent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The DTB.DB family (administration of immunological agents) is the closest available ICHI representation for immunomodulator therapy, but no route-unspecified or route-agnostic single code exists for the class as a whole; the SNOMED concept covers all routes and mechanisms of immunomodulation, whereas ICHI codes this at the specific-route level. DTB.DB.AF is selected as the most clinically representative route, but the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="7447008"/>
<display value="Immunosuppressive therapy for transplant"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous administration of immunological agent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for post-transplant immunosuppression as a clinical management category; DTB.DB.AF (intravenous administration of immunological agent, under "Interventions on immunological system function") is the closest structural fit, but it does not capture the transplant context or the immunosuppressive direction of the therapy, making the match approximate rather than semantically equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="373416003"/>
<display value="Implantation of anterior chamber intraocular lens"/>
<target>
<code value="BBF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Insertion of prosthetic lens"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BBF.ML.AA is the only IOL insertion code in ICHI and covers intraocular lens implantation broadly, but the target axis (BBF = lens/capsule) is anatomically imprecise for an anterior chamber IOL, which sits in the anterior chamber (BBE); BBE has no corresponding implantation/insertion category, making this an approximate match with a slightly misaligned target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="61952002"/>
<display value="Implantation of diaphragmatic pacemaker"/>
<target>
<code value="MCX.DL.AA"/>
<display value="Insertion of internal device of diaphragm"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MCX.DL.AA is the closest assignable ICHI code, representing insertion of an internal device into the diaphragm, which describes the procedural action of diaphragmatic pacemaker implantation. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated code for diaphragmatic/phrenic pacing systems, so the functional purpose (electrical pacing) is not captured, making this an approximate rather than precise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1255915001"/>
<display
value="Implantation of osseointegrated implant into bone of jaw"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.DN.AC"/>
<display value="Prosthetic dental implant"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Osseointegrated implants into the jaw are clinically synonymous with prosthetic dental implants in the vast majority of cases, and ICHI places this under "Interventions on teeth" rather than the bone axis; however, the SNOMED concept frames it anatomically (bone of jaw) rather than functionally (dental prosthesis), making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56783008"/>
<display value="Incision AND drainage"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.FA.AA"/>
<display
value="Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates incision (FA) and drainage (JB) into distinct action codes and always requires a specific body-part target; there is no single code combining both actions on an unspecified site. LZZ.FA.AA is the closest available code but captures only the incision action and defaults to an integumentary target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="26667003"/>
<display value="Incision and packing of wound"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Wound packing is a specific form of wound cavity management which ICHI classifies under the action DK "Application of dressing"; LZZ.DK.AH is the unspecified-site skin/subcutaneous dressing code. The match is approximate because the ICHI code does not capture the incision component or distinguish packing from surface dressings."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172960003"/>
<display value="Incision of retropharyngeal abscess"/>
<target>
<code value="DAA.JB.AA"/>
<display
value="Open drainage or aspiration of retropharyngeal abscess"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The target (retropharyngeal abscess) is an exact anatomical match, but the ICHI action is "open drainage or aspiration" rather than pure incision, and the code includes aspiration as an alternative technique, making it an approximate rather than exact semantic match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1287824002"/>
<display value="Incision of vascular structure of head"/>
<target>
<code value="IBA.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of artery of head and neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates head and neck vessels by vessel type — IBA.FA.AA covers extracranial arteries while IBD.FA.AA covers veins; there is no single ICHI category code for "vascular structure of head" that encompasses both. IBA.FA.AA is the closest available code but is inexact because the SNOMED concept is vessel-type-unspecified and IBA.FA.AA also includes the neck."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="7635007"/>
<display value="Incision of vertebral column"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Osteotomy of spine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code explicitly titled "incision of vertebral column"; MBZ.FA.AA uses the FA (incision) action axis on the vertebral column at an unspecified site, which corresponds to osteotomy — a bone incision — making it the closest semantic match, though "osteotomy" is more specific than the general "incision" in the SNOMED term."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="266826009"/>
<display value="Incontinence control"/>
<target>
<code value="NTD.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of urination functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Incontinence control" refers to active therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring continence (e.g., bladder training, pelvic floor exercises), which maps most closely to training of urination functions in ICHI; however, NTD.PH.ZZ covers only urination and does not capture bowel incontinence, and the SNOMED concept is broader in scope across both types."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233179002"/>
<display value="Indirect temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal endocardial insertion of temporary pacemaker system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Indirect temporary cardiac pacemaker procedure" refers to transcutaneous or transvenous temporary pacing, which aligns most closely with the percutaneous transluminal endocardial approach; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (could encompass external transcutaneous pacing), so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="262297000"/>
<display value="Induced diuresis"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AZ"/>
<display value="Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Induced diuresis is primarily achieved by administering diuretic agents, and PZA.DB.AZ covers pharmacotherapy administration without route specification, which is the closest ICHI code; however, this code is very broad and does not capture the specific intent of increasing urine output."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169421008"/>
<display value="Infrared radiation therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.SC.AH"/>
<display
value="Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Infrared radiation therapy is most commonly applied to the skin/superficial tissues as a form of phototherapy, and LZZ.SC.AH is the closest conceptual match ICHI offers; however, phototherapy in ICHI principally refers to ultraviolet-based skin treatments, while infrared radiation therapy can have distinct therapeutic indications, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="392247006"/>
<display value="Insertion of catheter into artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IZA.DL.AF is the closest available code covering catheter (device) insertion into an unspecified artery, but it specifies a percutaneous transluminal approach ("AF" means), whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic. The added route specificity in ICHI makes this an approximate rather than direct match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1236813006"/>
<display value="Insertion of indwelling catheter into pleural cavity"/>
<target>
<code value="JCB.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no specific ICHI code for insertion of an indwelling pleural catheter; JCB.JB.AE is the closest structural match as it captures the percutaneous approach to the pleural cavity, but it frames the procedure as drainage rather than catheter insertion specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="206175003"/>
<display
value="Insertion of orbital implant with synchronous evisceration"/>
<target>
<code value="BAM.ML.AC"/>
<display value="Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept describes a combined procedure — evisceration of the eye plus simultaneous orbital implant insertion — which is not directly represented in ICHI. BAM.ML.AC covers interventions after eyeball removal and is the closest available code, but it implies a staged/secondary procedure rather than the synchronous combined nature of this operation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440001000"/>
<display
value="Insertion of vascular cannula for prolonged extracorporeal circulation"/>
<target>
<code value="IZD.DL.AA"/>
<display
value="Insertion of a device into a vein, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is about inserting a vascular cannula (arterial or venous) for prolonged extracorporeal circulation, whereas IZD.DL.AA covers only venous device insertion and omits the extracorporeal circulation purpose and arterial component, making it an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="177200004"/>
<display
value="Instrumental removal of products of conception from delivered uterus"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.JE.AC"/>
<display value="Dilatation and curettage of uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Instrumental removal of retained products of conception is most closely represented by D&C (NME.JE.AC), the standard instrumental procedure for this indication; the ICHI code does not specify the post-delivery context, making this an inexact but clinically reasonable match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="36015009"/>
<display value="Insufflation of eustachian tube"/>
<target>
<code value="CBH.LG.AC"/>
<display value="Dilatation of eustachian tube"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for eustachian tube insufflation (Politzer manoeuvre or catheter inflation); CBH.LG.AC is the closest available code as insufflation achieves dilatation by forcing air through the tube, but the techniques are distinct."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234729001"/>
<display value="Interdental stripping"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.JG.AC"/>
<display value="Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Interdental stripping (interproximal enamel reduction) is the mechanical removal of healthy tooth enamel from proximal surfaces to create space, whereas KAE.JG.AC primarily describes removal of calculus and plaque deposits — both involve mechanical reduction of tooth surface material but with different clinical indications."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287570006"/>
<display value="Intracranial surgical biopsy"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Biopsy of brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's "Biopsy of brain" (AAA.AD.AA, open approach) is the closest match for an open intracranial biopsy, but the SNOMED concept is broader — it could encompass biopsy of meninges, cranial nerve, or intracranial space, whereas the ICHI code targets brain parenchyma specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287569005"/>
<display value="Intraspinal surgical biopsy"/>
<target>
<code value="ABA.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Biopsy of spinal cord"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies a surgical (open) biopsy within the spinal canal, which aligns with ABA.AD.AA (open approach); however, "intraspinal" could also encompass the spinal meninges or canal contents beyond the cord itself, so the anatomical target is not a precise one-to-one match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231065002"/>
<display value="Intrathecal injection of radiological dye"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.BA.BB"/>
<display value="Contrast myelogram of spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ABG.BA.BB captures the myelography procedure — contrast imaging of the spinal canal — into which intrathecal injection of radiological dye is the preparatory step; the SNOMED concept focuses solely on the injection act, while the ICHI code encodes the full imaging procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="16554931000119102"/>
<display
value="Intravenous radionuclide therapy using radium 223 dichloride"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AF"/>
<display
value="Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code specifically represents systemic radionuclide therapy via IV; the closest available code captures the IV administration route but entirely omits the radioactive/destructive nature of the intervention, making this an approximate match at best — the mechanism (targeted radiation) is not reflected in the ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="16554781000119103"/>
<display value="Intravenous radionuclide therapy using strontium 89"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AF"/>
<display
value="Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="As with radium-223, ICHI has no dedicated systemic radionuclide therapy code; the IV administration route is captured by PZA.DB.AF but the bone-seeking radioactive mechanism of strontium-89 for palliation of bone metastases is not represented, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="278872003"/>
<display value="Intravenous regional analgesia"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous administration of medication for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AXA.DB.AF captures the intravenous route and pain-relief purpose, but intravenous regional analgesia (Bier block) is a specific technique using a tourniquet-isolated limb with local anaesthetic, which is more specialised than the broader concept of IV medication for pain. No ICHI code for regional anaesthesia/analgesia by IV route exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="429734006"/>
<display value="Intubation using medication"/>
<target>
<code value="JBA.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of endotracheal tube"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Drug-assisted or rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is fundamentally the act of endotracheal intubation facilitated by neuromuscular blockers and induction agents; JBA.DL.AC captures the core procedural act (endotracheal tube insertion), but ICHI has no means axis code for the pharmacological facilitation component, so the medication-assisted aspect is not represented, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="391988000"/>
<display value="Inversion of tunica vaginalis"/>
<target>
<code value="NGL.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of testis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Inversion of the tunica vaginalis (Jaboulay/Lord procedure for hydrocele) is a repair/reconstruction of the testicular coverings with no dedicated ICHI code. NGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis) is the closest structural match under the testis block, but it does not precisely capture the tunica vaginalis eversion technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="117616006"/>
<display value="Investigation of transfusion reaction"/>
<target>
<code value="DTA.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of functions of the haematological system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for investigating a transfusion reaction; the closest match is DTA.AC.ZZ (Test of functions of the haematological system), which sits under the haematological system function block and captures the investigative/testing nature of the activity. The immunological dimension is also relevant given that transfusion reactions are immune-mediated, but the primary domain is haematological, making this an inexact fit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="704408003"/>
<display value="Invitation for diabetes screening"/>
<target>
<code value="VDB.PN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Advising about screening behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for a screening invitation or recall as an individual administrative act, and no diabetes-specific screening code exists. VDB.PN.ZZ (advising about screening behaviours) is the closest approximation, covering individual-level communication to encourage screening uptake, but it is broader in target population and does not capture the specific "invitation" act or diabetes context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228690002"/>
<display value="Iodine 125 brachytherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="NGA.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of the prostate by radiotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no standalone code for brachytherapy as a technique — "Brachytherapy seeds" and "Interstitial radioactive material" appear only as extension/modifier entries without assignable procedure codes. NGA.GA.BA is the most clinically relevant assignable code since I-125 seed brachytherapy is predominantly performed on the prostate, but the SNOMED concept is not prostate-specific (it also covers ocular tumors) and the ICHI code specifies no technique (it covers all radiotherapy modalities to the prostate)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="86411005"/>
<display value="Ion laser photocoagulation"/>
<target>
<code value="BCA.GA.AH"/>
<display value="Destruction of chorioretinal lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ion (argon) laser photocoagulation is predominantly used for retinal/chorioretinal destruction in ophthalmology, and BCA.GA.AH covers destruction of chorioretinal lesions; however, the ICHI code does not specify the laser or photocoagulation means, and ion laser photocoagulation can also be performed on other ocular structures, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439979008"/>
<display value="Isolation of subject emitting radiation"/>
<target>
<code value="UBR.VE.ZZ"/>
<display value="Infection control measures in relation to radiation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no ICHI code specifically for isolating an individual who emits radiation (e.g., after radionuclide therapy); UBR.VE.ZZ captures infection-control-type measures in the context of radiation but is a public-health/environmental intervention rather than an individual patient isolation measure, making it only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229592007"/>
<display value="Kromayer treatment"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.SC.AH"/>
<display
value="Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Kromayer treatment is the application of ultraviolet light from a water-cooled quartz lamp directly to skin lesions — a localised UV phototherapy technique. ICHI does not have a code for contact UV lamp therapy by name; LZZ.SC.AH captures the general modality (phototherapy to skin) but not the specific UV contact method used in Kromayer therapy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431995006"/>
<display
value="Kyphoplasty of fracture of spine using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.ML.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Kyphoplasty (balloon kyphoplasty) and vertebroplasty are related but distinct — kyphoplasty uses an inflatable balloon tamp to restore vertebral height before cement injection. ICHI does not have a separate kyphoplasty code; MBZ.ML.AE is the closest available code covering percutaneous cement augmentation of fractured vertebrae, though the balloon step and fluoroscopic guidance qualifier are not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="118161009"/>
<display value="Laser enucleation of the prostate"/>
<target>
<code value="NGA.JJ.AD"/>
<display value="Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated enucleation code for the prostate; transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy is the closest functional equivalent (same route and organ), but enucleation is a distinct surgical technique from standard resection, and neither code captures the laser means axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="424830006"/>
<display value="Laser peripheral iridoplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="BBC.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of iris"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Peripheral iridoplasty uses laser burns to remodel the peripheral iris stroma (a repair/reshaping action), and "Repair of iris" is the closest ICHI action for iris remodelling; no iridoplasty-specific code exists. The ICHI code does not capture the laser means, the peripheral target location, or the contracture mechanism."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450501004"/>
<display value="Laser recanalization of intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LG.AC"/>
<display
value="Dilatation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "recanalization" code; dilatation is the closest functional equivalent for restoring intestinal luminal patency, but the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to intestinal segment while this ICHI code is specific to small intestine, and the laser means is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="103725003"/>
<display value="Laser resurfacing of skin"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Laser resurfacing is an ablative/destructive intervention on the skin surface, best mapped to the destruction action in ICHI, but all skin destruction codes are region-specific and none capture the unspecified-body-region nature of the SNOMED concept; the laser means and "resurfacing" cosmetic intent are also not represented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231077007"/>
<display value="Laser uterosacral nerve ablation"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.GA.AC"/>
<display value="Paracervical uterine denervation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both procedures destroy uterine nerve fibres to treat pelvic pain/dysmenorrhea, but NME.GA.AC refers to paracervical denervation (a different anatomical approach) rather than specifically targeting the uterosacral nerve fibres, and does not capture the laser modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446297008"/>
<display value="Lithotripsy using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="NAN.GA.BJ"/>
<display
value="Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of urinary system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's lithotripsy codes all encode extracorporeal shockwave (means BJ), while the SNOMED concept specifies laser as the means (a fundamentally different physical modality, typically delivered endoscopically); NAN.GA.BJ is the closest generic lithotripsy code but differs in both technique and implicitly in body-site scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="171891006"/>
<display value="Lumbar chemical sympathectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ADD.DC.AE"/>
<display
value="Injection of anaesthetic into lumbar sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Lumbar chemical sympathectomy uses injection of a neurolytic (destructive) chemical agent — not an anaesthetic — to permanently ablate the lumbar sympathetic chain, so the intent and substance differ from ADD.DC.AE which is an anaesthetic block. No ICHI code for chemical/neurolytic destruction of the lumbar sympathetic nerve exists, making ADD.DC.AE the best approximate match within the correct anatomical block."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="17481002"/>
<display value="Major thoracotomy with removal of fibrin deposit"/>
<target>
<code value="JCH.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Thoracotomy, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for removal of fibrin deposits via thoracotomy; the NEC thoracotomy code captures the surgical approach but not the specific action of removing fibrin deposits, and the only thoracic debridement code (JCH.JG.AB) specifies thoracoscopic (endoscopic) access rather than open thoracotomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46468006"/>
<display value="Malar augmentation with alloplastic material"/>
<target>
<code value="MAC.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into zygomatic bone"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The malar (cheekbone) region corresponds anatomically to the zygomatic bone (MAC target axis), and implantation of an alloplastic (synthetic) implant is represented by the DN.AA action-means combination (implantation of device, open approach); however, MAC.DN.AA is not specific to cosmetic/aesthetic augmentation and the "alloplastic material" nuance is not captured in the ICHI title, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182832007"/>
<display value="Management of drug regimen"/>
<target>
<code value="UAC.TB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Planning in relation to medications"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="UAC.TB.ZZ (Planning in relation to medications, under Interventions on medicaments) is the closest ICHI concept — it covers the deliberate planning and organisation of a patient's medication use. ICHI PZX.TI.ZZ (Pharmacotherapy prescription) covers only the prescribing act, while UAC.TB.ZZ more broadly covers the coordination and planning dimension of a drug regimen, making it the best available approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="718675005"/>
<display value="Management of inpatient discharge"/>
<target>
<code value="XG38D0"/>
<display value="Discharge planning"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Discharge planning" is the closest ICHI code and covers the core activity of managing an inpatient discharge, but it is an extension/descriptor code rather than a full intervention code, and planning is only one component of discharge management. No more precise code exists in ICHI for this administrative process."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="737856008"/>
<display value="Management of vaginal blood loss"/>
<target>
<code value="NMH.DK.AC"/>
<display value="Tamponade of vagina"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no direct code for managing vaginal blood loss broadly; NMH.DK.AC (tamponade of vagina) is the closest procedure in the vaginal block used to control vaginal haemorrhage, but it represents only one specific technique rather than the broader management activity implied by the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274470005"/>
<display value="Manipulation under anesthesia"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.PA.AH"/>
<display value="Manipulation of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not encode the use of anesthesia as a distinguishing axis within its manipulation codes — the "means" axis (AH = closed/non-invasive approach) does not differentiate anesthesia-assisted from unassisted manipulation; MRJ.PA.AH is the closest unspecified-joint manipulation code, but it loses the key clinical specificity of anesthesia, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="59900003"/>
<display value="Manual and mechanical traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.PD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Stretch of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated traction code; the closest conceptual match is MRS.PD.ZZ (Stretch of soft tissue, unspecified site), as traction applies a sustained stretching force to soft tissue and joints, but this ICHI code does not distinguish manual from mechanical application and is limited to soft tissue rather than encompassing the bone/joint traction also implied by the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173339007"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of dental lesion of jaw"/>
<target>
<code value="MAG.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of mandible"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Marsupialization of a dental/odontogenic jaw cyst is most classically performed on the mandible, and ICHI's local excision of a mandibular lesion is the closest available code; however, the SNOMED concept specifies neither mandible nor maxilla, and marsupialization is not excision but a decompression procedure that leaves the cyst lining in situ."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440064006"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of diverticulum of urethra"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Urethrotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Marsupialization of a urethral diverticulum involves incising the diverticulum wall and suturing it open, mechanistically an incision-based procedure (urethrotomy); however, urethrotomy in ICHI typically refers to urethral stricture incision rather than diverticulum marsupialization, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239375009"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of lesion of bone of face"/>
<target>
<code value="MAB.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of facial bone, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Marsupialization of a facial bone lesion (typically an odontogenic cyst) deliberately preserves the cyst wall by creating an open pouch rather than fully excising the lesion, so it is not a true local excision; however, MAB.JI.AA is the closest available ICHI code as no drainage or marsupialization-specific code exists for facial bone lesions."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232542003"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of pharyngeal cyst"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Pharyngeal cyst" is unspecified as to subsite (naso-, oro-, or hypopharynx), and ICHI's pharynx drainage codes are split by subsite; drainage of oral pharynx is selected as the most commonly affected region. The match is inexact because the anatomical subsite may differ."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410263001"/>
<display
value="Medical/dental care education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="UEP.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about health services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept covers patient-facing education, guidance, and counseling about receiving medical/dental care, which aligns most closely with ICHI's education action (PM) targeting health services (UEP); however, ICHI does not bundle guidance and counseling into this code, and its scope extends to systems and policies beyond direct care education."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="390823002"/>
<display value="Mental health functional therapies"/>
<target>
<code value="AT2.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for global mental functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Mental health functional therapies" refers to a cluster of therapies targeting mental and psychosocial functioning (e.g., cognitive, behavioural, psychosocial interventions), which aligns most closely with ICHI psychotherapy and training codes in the global mental functions block. No single ICHI code captures the full breadth of "functional therapies" as a group, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match; AT2.PQ.ZZ represents the most clinically central intervention type within that cluster."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385891009"/>
<display value="Mental health promotion"/>
<target>
<code value="VEL.VB.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Awareness raising to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Mental health promotion is a broad concept encompassing awareness, education, and community-level interventions to improve mental wellbeing; VEL.VB.ZZ captures the awareness-raising dimension within the psychological health and wellbeing behaviour block, but mental health promotion is wider than awareness raising alone and ICHI lacks a single consolidated "health promotion" code, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="390832000"/>
<display value="Mental health support - no facilitation"/>
<target>
<code value="AS1.RB.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Practical support with mental functions, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Mental health support - no facilitation" describes a passive or non-active support contact in a mental health context; AS1.RB.ZZ (practical support with mental functions, unspecified) is the closest ICHI code for a non-therapeutic supportive intervention directed at mental functions, though ICHI does not distinguish between facilitated and non-facilitated support modes, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="390824008"/>
<display value="Mental health support groups - staff facilitated"/>
<target>
<code value="ATF.RE.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Provision of peer support for global psychosocial functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's closest concept captures peer support in the domain of global psychosocial functions, which overlaps in intent (mutual support for mental health) but differs in structure — the SNOMED concept specifically describes a staff-facilitated group, whereas ATF.RE.ZZ focuses on peer-to-peer support and does not encode the group format or the staff facilitation role."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="85472003"/>
<display value="Mesenteriopexy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LC.AA"/>
<display
value="Fixation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Mesenteriopexy is surgical fixation of the mesentery (the peritoneal fold suspending the small intestine) to prevent volvulus; ICHI has no dedicated mesentery fixation code, but KBK.LC.AA (fixation of small intestine, NEC) is the closest available code in the digestive system hierarchy since the functional effect targets the small intestinal mesentery, though the target tissues are not identical."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233447000"/>
<display value="Mesoatrial shunt"/>
<target>
<code value="IEF.LI.AA"/>
<display value="Bypass of portal vein and branches"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A mesoatrial shunt connects the superior mesenteric vein to the right atrium to decompress portal hypertension; ICHI has no dedicated mesoatrial or mesocaval shunt code, and IEF.LI.AA (bypass of portal vein and branches) is the closest in the portal venous system, though the atrial connection and the specific vein involved (superior mesenteric rather than portal trunk) are not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="395118002"/>
<display value="Metabolic screening test"/>
<target>
<code value="XG2VK6"/>
<display value="Basic metabolic panel"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A basic metabolic panel is the most common operationalisation of a metabolic screening test in ICHI, but the SNOMED concept is a broader category covering any metabolic screening test (not only a blood panel), whereas XG2VK6 is a specific extension code for one defined panel type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1197530007"/>
<display value="Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="NGD.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Ligation of spermatic cord"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Varicocelectomy involves ligation or occlusion of the dilated pampiniform plexus veins within the spermatic cord, and NGD.LA.AA (ligation of spermatic cord) is the closest available ICHI code for this procedure; however, it targets the cord as a whole rather than its venous component specifically, and does not capture the subinguinal approach or microsurgical technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287613009"/>
<display value="Middle ear syringing or suction"/>
<target>
<code value="CAE.JA.AC"/>
<display value="Irrigation of external auditory canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ear syringing is performed on the external auditory canal (not the middle ear space), and ICHI's irrigation of the external auditory canal covers the syringing component. However, the SNOMED concept also includes suction (aspiration), and the ICHI code covers only irrigation, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="370866001"/>
<display value="Mobility deficit assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="MTB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of joint mobility"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Mobility deficit assessment" is a broad clinical evaluation of a patient's mobility limitations, which ICHI approximates through assessment of joint mobility (a key musculoskeletal component), but ICHI does not have a single code for a comprehensive, multi-domain mobility deficit assessment spanning joints, gait, and functional activities; the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="171301009"/>
<display value="Mobility screening"/>
<target>
<code value="SJA.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of walking"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Mobility screening in clinical practice typically involves standardised tests of walking and movement capacity (e.g., Timed Up-and-Go), making "Test of walking" the closest ICHI concept, but the SNOMED term implies a broader population-level screening intent across multiple mobility domains that a single walking test does not fully capture."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228583003"/>
<display value="Motivation therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="ATI.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling for energy and drive functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Motivation therapy is a therapeutic intervention targeting drive and motivational functions, which aligns well with the ATI (energy and drive functions) target axis; counselling (PP) is the closest available action. The match is inexact because "therapy" implies a structured therapeutic modality somewhat more specific than the broad ICHI counselling category, and ICHI has no dedicated motivation therapy code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="713144002"/>
<display value="Motivational interviewing technique"/>
<target>
<code value="ATI.AN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Interview in relation to energy and drive functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Motivational interviewing is a specific evidence-based technique combining interviewing and counselling to enhance motivation; the ICHI action axis AN (interview) with the ATI target (energy and drive functions) is the closest structural match, but ICHI does not represent the specific motivational interviewing technique, making this an inexact approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175988004"/>
<display value="Nephrostogram"/>
<target>
<code value="NAB.BA.BB"/>
<display value="Pyelogram"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A nephrostogram is a contrast X-ray of the renal collecting system via an existing nephrostomy tube, which is functionally very close to a pyelogram (contrast imaging of the renal pelvis); ICHI has no dedicated nephrostogram code, and NAB.BA.BB is the best structural match, though it does not specify the percutaneous nephrostomy access route."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287256005"/>
<display value="Nerve division/destruction"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is a combined grouping of both division and destruction of nerve, which ICHI represents as two separate codes (ACA.FB.AA for division and ACA.GA.AA for destruction); ACA.FB.AA is selected as the primary match but the SNOMED concept's dual nature means no single ICHI code is fully equivalent, and neither spinal-level nor cranial-level division codes are appropriate for this general/unspecified concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="303358008"/>
<display value="Neurolytic nerve block around spinal cord meninges"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A neurolytic block around the spinal cord meninges involves percutaneous injection of a destructive agent into the intrathecal/perimeningeal space, which corresponds most closely to ABG.GA.AE "Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal." The spinal canal target (ABG) encompasses the perimeningeal space around the cord, though "around the meninges" is anatomically slightly distinct from the canal itself, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="441041000124100"/>
<display value="Nutrition counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="KTB.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling in relation to ingestion functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KTB.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code for one-to-one nutrition counselling; however "ingestion functions" is narrower in scope than full nutrition counselling (which may also address metabolism, weight, diet composition), making the target axis only a partial match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="61310001"/>
<display value="Nutrition education"/>
<target>
<code value="KTB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about ingestion functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KTB.PM.ZZ is the best available ICHI match with the action "PM" (education) aligning precisely; however the target "ingestion functions" is narrower than the full scope of nutrition education, which also covers dietary knowledge, metabolic health, and food choices beyond swallowing/ingestion mechanics."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386373004"/>
<display value="Nutrition therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Administering nutritional requirements, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Nutrition therapy" encompasses the full clinical management of nutritional needs (including enteral/parenteral feeding, dietary prescribing, and counselling), while PZA.DA.ZZ covers only the administration of nutritional substances; the therapeutic/management dimension is not fully captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410270001"/>
<display value="Nutritionist education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="KTN.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling for weight management"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KTN.PP.ZZ is the closest ICHI code capturing the counselling/advisory dimension of a nutritionist's role, situated within "weight maintenance functions"; however, it covers only counselling for weight management and does not encompass the full scope of nutritionist education and guidance."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173758001"/>
<display
value="Open reduction of intussusception of gastroenterostomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for reduction of intussusception at a gastroenterostomy site; KBK.LD.AA captures the open surgical repositioning action on the intestinal limb of the gastroenterostomy, but does not reflect the gastric anastomosis specificity or the intussusception etiology."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="713046002"/>
<display value="Open reduction of intussusception of intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated intussusception reduction code; KBK.LD.AA covers open intra-abdominal manipulation of the small intestine, which is the operative action performed during open surgical reduction of intestinal intussusception. The code is restricted to small intestine and does not specify intussusception, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72557002"/>
<display value="Open reduction of open hyoid fracture"/>
<target>
<code value="MAB.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Open reduction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no open reduction code for the hyoid bone specifically — the hyoid block only contains partial excision and suspension codes. MAB.LD.AA covers open reduction of unspecified head/neck musculoskeletal structures and is the closest available code, though the hyoid is anatomically not a facial bone, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174153009"/>
<display value="Open relief of strangulation of colon"/>
<target>
<code value="KBZ.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Intra-abdominal manipulation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no code specifically for relieving strangulation; the closest concept is intra-abdominal manipulation of the large intestine NEC, which operationally encompasses open surgical release of a strangulated colon segment, but the terms and intended scope differ enough that this is an approximate rather than direct match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1287436003"/>
<display value="Open repair of intraarticular ligament"/>
<target>
<code value="MML.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of ligaments of knee"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's only open repair-of-ligament category is specific to the knee, while the SNOMED concept refers to any intraarticular ligament; MML.MK.AA captures the repair action and open approach correctly for the knee but is anatomically narrower to the knee joint."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609638001"/>
<display value="Operation on pelvic region of trunk"/>
<target>
<code value="BlockL4-MKB"/>
<display
value="Interventions on musculoskeletal structures of pelvic region"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's closest pelvic-region block (BlockL4-MKB) is restricted to musculoskeletal structures (bone and joints) of the pelvic region, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses all operations on the pelvic region of the trunk including soft tissue, vascular, and visceral structures; no broader single ICHI block covers the full anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="64467007"/>
<display value="Operation with graft for slipping patella"/>
<target>
<code value="MMP.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft to patella"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MMP.ML.AA (bone graft to patella) is the only ICHI code combining a graft procedure on the patella, which partially matches the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not encode the specific indication of patellar instability/slipping, and MMP.LC.AA (patellar stabilisation) addresses the indication but not the graft technique — making MMP.ML.AA an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385742007"/>
<display value="Oral fluid therapy assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="SMG.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of drinking"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Oral fluid therapy assessment" is a clinical assessment of a patient's response to or suitability for oral rehydration, while SMG.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the activity of drinking more broadly as a self-care function; the functional domain overlaps but the clinical intent and specificity differ."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386376007"/>
<display value="Oral health promotion"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.JG.AC"/>
<display value="Dental scaling, polishing, and debridement"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code for "oral health promotion" as a concept exists; KAE.JG.AC is one of the most common preventive dental interventions but represents only a single procedural component of what SNOMED treats as a broader health promotion activity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="266740003"/>
<display value="Orthoptic treatment"/>
<target>
<code value="BTB.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of seeing functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Orthoptic treatment consists of therapeutic exercises aimed at improving binocular vision and ocular motor control — fundamentally a training/rehabilitation of visual functions. BTB.PH.ZZ is the closest ICHI code, but it is broader than orthoptics specifically and does not encode the binocular or vergence-specific dimension."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="26464002"/>
<display value="Orthotic bracing"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Orthotic bracing is the application of an external supportive device to a body part. PZX.LC.AH is the NEC residual for external immobilisation application and is the best available general match, though it nominally references casts and splints rather than braces specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72594006"/>
<display value="Orthotic check-out readjustment"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.KB.AH"/>
<display
value="Replacement of external immobilisation device, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Orthotic check-out readjustment involves reviewing and readjusting a previously fitted orthotic device, which aligns most closely with the ICHI KB (replacement/exchange) action. The match is inexact because ICHI KB implies physical replacement rather than the assessment-and-readjustment workflow."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182607007"/>
<display value="Packing for non-obstetric uterine bleeding"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.DK.AC"/>
<display value="Tamponade of uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Tamponade of the uterus is the closest available ICHI code and represents the same clinical intent (mechanical compression of the uterine cavity to control bleeding), but "tamponade" technically encompasses balloon devices and other techniques beyond gauze packing."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="168528006"/>
<display value="Palliative course of radiotherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue by radiotherapy, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has many site-specific radiotherapy (destruction by radiotherapy, GA.BA) codes but none capture palliative intent or a "course" of radiotherapy generically across body sites; LZZ.GA.BA is a residual skin/subcutaneous radiotherapy code and does not represent the broad, palliative, multi-site concept — a site-specific code such as those under GA.BA would need to be selected per case, and none convey the palliative qualifier."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1345025003"/>
<display value="Parenting skills promotion"/>
<target>
<code value="VEJ.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education to influence parenting behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Parenting skills promotion" is a health-promotion intervention targeting parenting behaviours, and VEJ.PM.ZZ (education to influence parenting behaviours) is the closest single code, but "promotion" in the SNOMED sense is broader than education alone — it also encompasses awareness-raising, training, and capacity building, all of which have separate VEJ codes in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="19379006"/>
<display value="Partial denture, including adjustments"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.LC.AC"/>
<display value="Application of dental device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept covers both the provision and subsequent adjustment of a partial denture (a removable prosthesis); KAE.LC.AC (application of dental device) captures the fitting aspect but does not encompass the adjustment component, and "dental device" is broader than a removable partial denture specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46594004"/>
<display value="Patellar retinacula release"/>
<target>
<code value="MML.FC.AB"/>
<display value="Arthroscopic release of ligament of knee"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The patellar retinaculum is a ligament/fascia structure of the knee, and "release" (action FC) precisely matches the procedure intent; however, MML.FC.AB specifies an arthroscopic approach while the SNOMED concept does not constrain the approach, and the target is "knee ligament" rather than retinaculum specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410075001"/>
<display value="Patient transfer assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="SHG.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of transferring oneself"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SHG.AA.ZZ is the assessment counterpart within the "transferring oneself" target axis in ICHI, which captures evaluation of a patient's transfer ability; however, the ICHI code is framed around assessing the patient's own capacity to transfer (self-transfer), whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses broader pre-transfer clinical assessments performed by a clinician."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="75014006"/>
<display value="Pelvimetry"/>
<target>
<code value="MKB.BA.BA"/>
<display value="X-ray of pelvis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pelvimetry is the measurement of pelvic dimensions to assess adequacy for childbirth, classically performed by X-ray (or MRI) of the pelvis, but its clinical purpose (obstetric assessment) is distinct from a general pelvis imaging code. MKB.BA.BA captures the most common radiographic method but does not encode the obstetric measurement intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="68965004"/>
<display value="Pelvimetry with placental localization"/>
<target>
<code value="MKB.BA.BA"/>
<display value="X-ray of pelvis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept combines pelvic measurement with placental localisation in a single procedure, but ICHI has no compound code covering both; MKB.BA.BA represents the pelvis imaging component while the placental localisation aspect is not captured, making this an inexact and partial match to a combined procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="712811002"/>
<display value="Penile brachial pressure index"/>
<target>
<code value="NGM.BA.BJ"/>
<display value="Ultrasound of penis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The penile brachial pressure index is a non-invasive vascular assessment comparing penile arterial pressure to brachial pressure (typically using Doppler ultrasound) to evaluate erectile dysfunction; NGM.BA.BJ (Ultrasound of penis) is the nearest ICHI code by modality and target organ, but it does not capture the comparative vascular pressure measurement or the brachial component of the index."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179265003"/>
<display value="Percutaneous diagnostic puncture of bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.AD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous biopsy of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A diagnostic puncture of bone (needle aspiration or trocar puncture for diagnostic purposes) is closely related to a percutaneous bone biopsy; ICHI's MRB.AD.AE captures the percutaneous approach on an unspecified bone site, but "biopsy" implies tissue sampling while "diagnostic puncture" may encompass aspiration without tissue retrieval, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233189003"/>
<display value="Percutaneous insertion of pericardial drainage tube"/>
<target>
<code value="HFF.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Pericardiocentesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pericardiocentesis in ICHI covers percutaneous pericardial drainage (needle aspiration with or without catheter), which overlaps substantially with the SNOMED concept, but ICHI does not distinguish between simple aspiration and tube/catheter placement, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439833004"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous skeletal fixation of dislocation of interphalangeal joint with manipulation"/>
<target>
<code value="MOJ.LC.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to joint of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code specific to the interphalangeal joint nor one that combines percutaneous skeletal fixation (K-wire pinning) with closed reduction of a dislocation; MOJ.LC.AE captures the percutaneous approach and joint stabilisation/fixation component but omits the reduction/manipulation and is broader in body site (foot or toe rather than specifically interphalangeal). The hand-joint equivalent (MGJ.LC.AE) is equally plausible since the SNOMED concept does not lateralise to foot vs. hand."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439764006"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous skeletal fixation of fracture of great toe with manipulation"/>
<target>
<code value="MOB.DN.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code specific to percutaneous fracture fixation of the great toe; MOB.DN.AE most closely represents the K-wire/pin insertion aspect ("percutaneous implantation of device into bone") but is broader in body site (foot or toe, not specifically great toe) and does not capture the closed manipulation/reduction component that accompanies the fixation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="707821008"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of anastomosis between pulmonary artery and subclavian artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IDM.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of systemic to pulmonary collateral artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept refers to balloon dilation of a surgically created systemic-to-pulmonary anastomosis (e.g., a Blalock-Taussig shunt), while the ICHI code addresses balloon dilatation of a systemic-to-pulmonary collateral artery. Both involve percutaneous transluminal balloon dilation of a systemic-to-pulmonary connection, but the SNOMED concept specifies a surgical anastomosis rather than a collateral vessel."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="24602008"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal catheter embolectomy of femoropopliteal artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IFA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The femoropopliteal artery is an artery of the lower limb, and catheter-based embolectomy (mechanical removal of an embolus) is the closest procedural intent to endarterectomy (extraction of obstruction from a lower limb artery). No dedicated lower-limb-artery embolectomy code exists in ICHI; endarterectomy strictly denotes plaque stripping rather than embolus extraction, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="432866001"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal cutting balloon angioplasty of mesenteric vein using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="IEF.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of portal vein and branches"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The mesenteric vein drains into the portal system and is anatomically a branch of the portal venous tree, making IEF.LG.AF the closest available code; however, there is no dedicated ICHI dilatation code for the abdominal/pelvic vein block (IED), and the cutting-balloon technique specificity and fluoroscopic-with-contrast guidance detail are not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="238277006"/>
<display value="Peritoneal cyst marsupialization"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of peritoneal cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Marsupialization of a peritoneal cyst is a surgical technique of opening a cyst and suturing its edges to create a permanent drainage pouch — it is functionally a form of drainage, but with a specific surgical construction not captured in ICHI. KMA.JB.AA is the closest available code, but it does not encode the marsupialization technique or the cyst-specific target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="82350007"/>
<display value="Photochemotherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.SC.AH"/>
<display value="Whole body phototherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Photochemotherapy (photodynamic therapy) combines a photosensitising chemical agent with light activation, but ICHI only encodes the phototherapy component without capturing the chemical/drug axis. "Whole body phototherapy" is the closest code for an unspecified-site photochemotherapy but omits the chemotherapy element, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46467001"/>
<display value="Photochemotherapy with psoralens and ultraviolet A"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.SC.AH"/>
<display
value="Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PUVA therapy is a skin-directed phototherapy using psoralen drug plus UVA light; ICHI captures the phototherapy-to-skin component under the NEC category but has no code that encodes psoralens or the UVA-specific means, so the chemical sensitiser and specific wavelength are lost, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410182004"/>
<display value="Physical examination assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.AE.AH"/>
<display value="Physical examination of whole body"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZA.AE.AH captures the physical examination of the whole body, which is the closest match to a physical examination assessment; however, ICHI codes the examination act itself rather than the combined examination-plus-assessment documentation activity implied by the SNOMED concept, and the SNOMED concept may apply to a body site rather than necessarily the whole body."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56706002"/>
<display value="Physical examination under local anesthesia"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.AE.AH"/>
<display value="Physical examination of whole body"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZA.AE.AH is the closest ICHI code for physical examination, but ICHI has no dedicated code that combines physical examination with local anaesthesia as a procedural means; the local anaesthesia component (which is the defining feature of the SNOMED concept) is not captured in this code, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="226007004"/>
<display value="Post-surgical wound care"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single code representing post-surgical wound care as a composite intervention. LZZ.DK.AH captures the most characteristic component — dressing application to skin — but post-surgical wound care also encompasses inspection, irrigation, debridement, and suture management, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent or simply directionally wider/narrower."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1356804001"/>
<display
value="Postoperative examination of eye and application of dressing to eye"/>
<target>
<code value="BZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display value="Dressing of eye"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining both a postoperative eye examination and application of a dressing to the eye, whereas ICHI BZZ.DK.AH covers only the dressing component; the examination component (BZA.AA.ZZ — Assessment of eye, NEC) would require a separate code, so no single ICHI code captures the full scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="91552000"/>
<display
value="Postoperative revision of scleral fistulization procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="BCB.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of sclera"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BCB.MK.AA is the closest available ICHI code for surgical work on the sclera after a prior fistulizing procedure; however, scleral fistulization (trabeculectomy-type drainage surgery) is not explicitly represented in ICHI, and "repair" does not fully capture the concept of revising a deliberately created fistula for glaucoma drainage."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="133906008"/>
<display value="Postpartum care"/>
<target>
<code value="NUE.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of functions related to pregnancy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated postpartum or puerperium care code; the closest available concept is NUE.AA.ZZ, which covers assessment within the pregnancy functions block, but this is both too narrow (assessment only, not the full care package) and framed around pregnancy rather than the postpartum period specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="786455008"/>
<display value="Prehabilitation"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="General health assessment"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Prehabilitation is a pre-operative multimodal programme (exercise, nutrition, psychology) aimed at improving functional capacity before surgery; no ICHI code directly captures this concept. General health assessment is the closest available code but captures only the evaluative component, not the full preparatory intervention programme."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="26446009"/>
<display value="Preliminary incision"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.FA.AA"/>
<display
value="Incision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A "preliminary incision" is a preparatory skin incision made at the start of a surgical procedure rather than a named independent procedure on a specific structure; ICHI classifies incisions by body target. LZZ.FA.AA is the generic skin/subcutaneous incision residual code, which approximates the concept but does not convey the preparatory or sequential context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179875006"/>
<display value="Primary arthroscopic xenograft ligament replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="MML.ML.AB"/>
<display value="Arthroscopic reconstruction of ligaments of knee"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no xenograft-specific or anatomically unspecified arthroscopic ligament reconstruction code; MML.ML.AB is the closest assignable code representing arthroscopic ligament reconstruction, but it is restricted to the knee and does not capture the xenograft (animal tissue) graft type or the site-unspecified nature of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386398003"/>
<display value="Product evaluation"/>
<target>
<code value="UAC.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of medications"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Product evaluation" in a health context most commonly refers to evaluating health-related products such as medicaments; UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications but does not encompass non-medicament health products (devices, consumer goods)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228584009"/>
<display value="Projective therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Projective therapy is a psychotherapeutic technique using expressive/projective methods; ICHI has no specific code for it. PZB.PQ.ZZ as the residual whole-person psychotherapy category is the closest assignable code but does not capture the projective methodology specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1153471005"/>
<display value="Promotion of mobility using mobility aid"/>
<target>
<code value="UAE.RD.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="UAE.RD.ZZ captures the provision of mobility aids, which is the core action; however ICHI splits the activity across multiple codes (provision, training, prescription) and none individually captures the compound concept of promoting mobility through a mobility aid."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="63668003"/>
<display
value="Prophylactic treatment of clavicle with methyl methacrylate"/>
<target>
<code value="MDB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of shoulder region"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for methyl methacrylate (bone cement) injection into the clavicle; MDB.DN.AA covers device/material implantation into bones of the shoulder region (which includes the clavicle) and is the closest structural match, but does not specify the material, the clavicle, or the prophylactic intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="24538008"/>
<display
value="Prophylactic treatment of femur with methyl methacrylate"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MLB.DN.AA covers device/material implantation into the femur, the closest structural equivalent for bone cement injection; however, it does not specify methyl methacrylate as the implanted material nor encode the prophylactic intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="736786002"/>
<display
value="Provision of advice about muscle strengthening exercise"/>
<target>
<code value="MU2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about muscle functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "advising about muscle strengthening" code; MU2.PM.ZZ is the closest available — covering education on muscle functions — but the action axis is education (PM) rather than advising (PN), and the target is all muscle functions rather than specifically strengthening."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228610003"/>
<display value="Provision of assistive equipment"/>
<target>
<code value="UA1.DP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Installation of assistive products, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI frames this as "installation" of unspecified assistive products, which partially overlaps with "provision" but carries a different primary action (fitting/installing vs. supplying), making the action axis not an exact semantic equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="266728003"/>
<display value="Provision of auditory appliance"/>
<target>
<code value="UAF.DP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Installation of assistive products for communication"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Hearing/auditory appliances are a subset of assistive products for communication in ICHI, so the target scope is wider than just auditory devices; "installation" is also not semantically identical to "provision"."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="243754005"/>
<display value="Provision of device for impotence"/>
<target>
<code value="NGM.DP.AH"/>
<display value="Fitting of external penile prosthesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NGM.DP.AH represents provision and fitting of an external penile prosthesis, the closest available ICHI code. However, the SNOMED concept is broader (could include vacuum erection devices or other external aids), so neither ICHI code alone captures the full scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="423637002"/>
<display value="Provision of early intervention service for child"/>
<target>
<code value="UEP.RG.ZZ"/>
<display value="Providing health services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specific to early intervention or child developmental services; UEP.RG.ZZ captures providing a health-related service but lacks any child-age or developmental specificity and is far broader in scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="716732003"/>
<display value="Provision of emergency ambulance"/>
<target>
<code value="UAE.RD.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Providing goods for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An ambulance is fundamentally a transportation vehicle, and UAE.RD.ZZ covers provision of goods for mobility/transportation; ICHI does not encode the emergency, medical, or pre-hospital nature of the service."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="211026007"/>
<display value="Puncture of bursa"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JB.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated bursa puncture or drainage code; a bursa is a soft tissue fluid-filled sac, so percutaneous drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site is the closest structural approximation, but it is an inexact match as it does not identify the bursa as the target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443579008"/>
<display
value="Radionuclide imaging with computed tomography attenuation correction"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.BA.BF"/>
<display
value="Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code representing hybrid SPECT/CT or the specific technique of CT-based attenuation correction applied to nuclear imaging; PZA.BA.BF captures the SPECT nuclear imaging component but does not represent the integrated CT correction component, and the whole-body target is an assumption since the SNOMED concept specifies no anatomical site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="241370000"/>
<display value="Radionuclide non-imaging renal studies"/>
<target>
<code value="NAA.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Nuclear imaging study of the kidney"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifically denotes non-imaging radionuclide renal studies (e.g., radioisotope GFR measurement without producing a scan), whereas the only ICHI renal radionuclide code — NAA.BA.BE — is explicitly an imaging study. The modality overlap is partial but the imaging/non-imaging distinction makes this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="241292003"/>
<display value="Radionuclide ophthalmology study"/>
<target>
<code value="BAD.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Nuclear imaging study of lacrimal apparatus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code covers radionuclide imaging of the eye or orbit as a whole; the only ophthalmology-related nuclear imaging code available is restricted to the lacrimal apparatus, which is one sub-structure of the eye. The SNOMED concept spans the broader ophthalmological domain, making BAD.BA.BE an incomplete and structurally inexact approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="268443005"/>
<display value="Radionuclide studies in hematology"/>
<target>
<code value="DGA.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Bone marrow radionucleide scan"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept covers the full range of radionuclide studies used in hematology (bone marrow scan, spleen scan, labelled red/white cell studies), whereas DGA.BA.BE addresses only the bone marrow component; while this is the most clinically prominent hematological radionuclide target, the mapping captures only part of the SNOMED concept's intended scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="303905006"/>
<display value="Radionuclide study of gastrointestinal function"/>
<target>
<code value="KZZ.BA.BE"/>
<display
value="Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KZZ.BA.BE covers nuclear imaging of the gastrointestinal tract and is the best available ICHI code, but it emphasises the anatomical target (GI tract structure) rather than the functional aspect specified in the SNOMED concept. The "not elsewhere classified" residual nature of the code and the structural vs. functional distinction make this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="38665006"/>
<display
value="Rastelli operation for repair of pulmonary artery atresia"/>
<target>
<code value="HBB.LI.AA"/>
<display
value="Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary arterial tree"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Rastelli procedure for pulmonary atresia centres on creating a valved conduit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arterial tree (bypassing the atretic outflow tract), which is precisely what HBB.LI.AA describes; however, the full Rastelli operation also involves VSD closure and RVOT reconstruction, components not captured by this single ICHI code, making it an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="18932005"/>
<display
value="Rastelli operation in repair of transposition of great vessels"/>
<target>
<code value="HZM.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Rastelli for transposition of the great vessels is a multi-component repair (intraventricular LV-to-aorta baffle, VSD enlargement, and RV-to-PA conduit) involving both ventricles and the great vessels; HZM.ML.AA is the most appropriate ICHI code as a catch-all for complex congenital reconstructions not classified elsewhere, though it is far broader than the specific named procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31623006"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of angular deformity of toe by soft tissue procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="MOM.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of muscle of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Reconstruction of muscle of foot or toe" is the closest ICHI code for a soft tissue reconstruction procedure of the toe, but it is not a precise match — the SNOMED concept specifically targets correction of an angular deformity and the soft tissue involved could include tendons or ligaments, not just muscle; ICHI has no single code that captures all relevant soft tissue types together for a deformity correction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1345121009"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with graft"/>
<target>
<code value="JAE.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No reconstruction code exists for paranasal sinuses in ICHI; JAE.MK.AA (repair of paranasal sinus) is the closest available concept, but "repair" is a less specific action than "reconstruction with graft," and the SNOMED concept also specifies a defect and graft use, making this an approximate match only."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="272386003"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of scrotum with graft"/>
<target>
<code value="NGG.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of scrotum with rotational or pedicle flaps"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NGG.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for scrotal reconstruction, but its title specifies rotational or pedicle flaps as the technique, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to reconstruction with a graft (which may be a free skin graft rather than a pedicle flap). The two concepts share the same target and reconstructive intent but differ in the specified means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1231506002"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of uvula and soft palate using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="KAS.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of soft palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KAS.ML.AA covers reconstruction of the soft palate but ICHI has no dedicated uvula reconstruction code and does not encode the laser technique in the means axis; the SNOMED concept covers both the uvula and soft palate as a combined target with a specified laser approach, making this an approximate rather than wider match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="42364006"/>
<display value="Recreational therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="SXC.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in engaging in recreation and leisure"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated "recreational therapy" profession-level code; SXC.PH.ZZ captures the core therapeutic action of training in recreation and leisure, but recreational therapy as a discipline also encompasses assessment, counselling, and goal-setting not fully represented by a single code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="423273004"/>
<display
value="Recreational therapy education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="SXC.PP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Counselling about engaging in recreation and leisure"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept bundles three distinct actions (education, guidance/advising, counselling) that map to three separate ICHI codes (SXC.PM.ZZ, SXC.PN.ZZ, SXC.PP.ZZ); SXC.PP.ZZ is selected as the primary best match but it only covers counselling, so the full semantic scope of the SNOMED concept requires all three codes."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="82425008"/>
<display value="Reduction of intussusception of intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LD.AC"/>
<display value="Reduction of small intestine by enema"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBK.LD.AC is the only ICHI code that explicitly names "reduction of small intestine," and hydrostatic/air enema reduction is the standard first-line treatment for ileocolic intussusception. However, the SNOMED concept is broader (covers surgical and other approaches across the intestine generally), while this ICHI code is specific to enema approach of the small intestine."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="116355009"/>
<display value="Reduction of open fracture without manipulation"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Open fracture without manipulation" refers to surgical wound management without repositioning bone fragments, which is semantically distinct from open reduction (LD implies active repositioning). MRB.LD.AA is the closest available code but implies manipulative reduction, creating an approximate rather than accurate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="340712005"/>
<display value="Reduction of volvulus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Intra-abdominal manipulation of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Volvulus can affect various intestinal segments (small bowel, sigmoid, cecum) and ICHI has no single cross-segment "reduction of volvulus" code; KBK.LD.AA captures the dominant small bowel use case but the match is approximate since the SNOMED concept is body-site-unspecified and segment-specific ICHI codes exist."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="77419007"/>
<display value="Reduction osteoplasty of facial bones"/>
<target>
<code value="MAB.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Reduction osteoplasty is a surgical reshaping/contouring of facial bone volume, which is closest to reconstruction in ICHI; however MAB.ML.AA is broader than the contouring-specific intent of the SNOMED concept, and ICHI's MAB.LD codes (open/closed reduction) refer to fracture reduction rather than osteoplasty."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710872006"/>
<display value="Regimen management support"/>
<target>
<code value="UAC.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with medications"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Regimen management support" encompasses helping a patient adhere to a therapeutic plan (often medication-based), which aligns most closely with UAC.RB.ZZ (Practical support with medications), though the SNOMED concept is broader — it may include non-medication regimens (diet, exercise, rehabilitation schedules) not captured by the UAC (medications) target axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410351009"/>
<display value="Relaxation/breathing techniques case management"/>
<target>
<code value="SDJ.PH.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Training in handling stress and other psychological demands"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Relaxation and breathing technique training is a method for managing stress and psychological demands, making SDJ.PH.ZZ the closest ICHI code, but the SNOMED concept includes a "case management" framing and the specific physical technique of breathing exercises that ICHI does not capture."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="180155003"/>
<display value="Release of constriction ring"/>
<target>
<code value="HIK.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of vascular ring"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A constriction ring in the surgical context most commonly refers to a vascular ring — an anomalous aortic arch structure that constricts adjacent structures — which maps directly to HIK.FC.AA. However, "constriction ring" in SNOMED can also apply to non-vascular fibrous rings (e.g., uterine constriction ring), so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179835003"/>
<display value="Release of webbing of neck"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.MK.AA"/>
<display
value="Repair of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Release of neck webbing (pterygium colli) is a skin and subcutaneous soft-tissue plasty of the neck, most closely represented by repair of skin and subcutaneous tissue of head or neck; however, the ICHI code does not capture the specific reconstructive (Z-plasty/flap) nature or the webbing indication, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120218001"/>
<display value="Removal from forearm"/>
<target>
<code value="MFB.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of forearm"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single code for removal from the forearm as a body region; the closest surgical removal code is MFB.JD.AA, which is specific to the bone of the forearm rather than the forearm as a whole. The SNOMED concept is a broader super-type covering removal from any forearm structure, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172867004"/>
<display value="Removal of antrochoanal polyp"/>
<target>
<code value="JAF.JI.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic local excision of lesion of maxillary sinus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An antrochoanal polyp originates in the maxillary antrum (sinus) and extends through the choana into the nasopharynx, so the procedure spans two anatomical sites; JAF.JI.AD captures the origin and primary surgical site (maxillary sinus, endoscopic approach) but does not represent the full extent of the polyp's removal into the nasopharynx."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="89329002"/>
<display value="Removal of artificial urinary bladder sphincter"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from urethra"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The artificial urinary sphincter is a prosthetic device whose cuff is implanted around the urethra; NAM.JD.AA (removal of internal device from urethra) is the closest anatomical match, but the ICHI code is generic for any urethral device or foreign body rather than specifically an artificial sphincter prosthesis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="3479000"/>
<display value="Removal of heart assist system with replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="HZZ.JD.AH"/>
<display value="Removal of extrinsic heart assist device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined removal-with-replacement code for a heart assist system; the VAD-specific removal codes (HBA/HBB/HBZ) each specify laterality which is not given in the SNOMED concept, while HZZ.JD.AH covers removal of any extrinsic cardiac assist device without capturing the replacement component, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450584009"/>
<display value="Removal of intermaxillary fixation screw"/>
<target>
<code value="MAF.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from maxillary bone"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Intermaxillary fixation involves both the maxilla and mandible; the SNOMED concept specifies a screw used to fix the jaw in occlusion, which spans both bones. MAF.JD.AA covers device removal from the maxillary bone specifically (one of the two bones involved), making it an approximate rather than equivalent match — MAG.JD.AA (mandible) would equally apply, and neither alone fully captures the cross-jaw nature of the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232476005"/>
<display value="Removal of nasal septal spur"/>
<target>
<code value="JAB.JJ.AC"/>
<display value="Submucous resection of nasal septum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A nasal septal spur is a focal bony or cartilaginous protrusion; its targeted removal is more limited than a submucous resection of the full septum. ICHI has no specific code for spur removal, making this the closest available option but an imprecise fit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46582008"/>
<display value="Removal of neuropacemaker of peripheral nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.JD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code matches on target (peripheral nerve) and action (removal of internal device), but specifies a percutaneous approach while neuropacemaker removal from a peripheral nerve is typically performed as an open procedure; additionally, ICHI does not specify the device type. The approach discrepancy makes this an imprecise rather than simply wider match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231041000"/>
<display
value="Removal of neurostimulator electrode from spinal nerve root"/>
<target>
<code value="ABN.JD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from spinal nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ABN.JD.AE matches on the spinal nerve target and device removal action, but specifies a percutaneous approach and addresses the spinal nerve generally rather than the spinal nerve root specifically; the approach specification and anatomical granularity difference make this an inexact rather than a simply wider match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702643008"/>
<display value="Removal of pilonidal cyst"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no pilonidal-specific code; a pilonidal cyst is located in the sacrococcygeal skin/subcutaneous tissue of the trunk, so local excision of that tissue region is the closest available code, but it does not capture the specific pathology nor distinguish it from other local excisions of trunk skin."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235277005"/>
<display value="Removal of prosthesis from duodenum"/>
<target>
<code value="KBI.JD.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic removal of internal device or foreign body from duodenum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is approach-neutral, whereas the only ICHI code for this target and action specifies the endoscopic means. The anatomical target and procedural intent match well, but the forced approach specificity makes this an approximate rather than equivalent mapping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235354007"/>
<display value="Removal of prosthesis from large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBP (colon) is the primary and broadest large-intestine segment code with a device removal action, but the SNOMED concept encompasses the entire large intestine including rectum and sigmoid colon which have separate ICHI blocks, so the anatomical scope is not fully aligned."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302408005"/>
<display value="Removal of skin flap"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for removal or division of a skin flap; LZZ.JI.AA is the closest available code representing local excision of skin tissue at an unspecified site, but it does not capture the flap-specific context or the surgical stage implied by the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="12128005"/>
<display
value="Removal of spinal electrodes with synchronous replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.KA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies simultaneous removal and replacement of spinal electrodes, while ABG.KA.AE encodes percutaneous replacement of a spinal canal device, which logically encompasses the removal-and-reinsertion action but does not explicitly name electrodes and presupposes a percutaneous approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235404002"/>
<display value="Removal of stomal bridge"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A stomal bridge (support rod under a loop stoma) is most commonly associated with a colostomy, and its removal is conceptually a device removal from the colonic stoma site. The match is inexact because stomal bridges occur at various ostomy types, and ICHI has no dedicated code for this procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="426565000"/>
<display value="Removal of subretinal vascular membrane"/>
<target>
<code value="BCA.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from posterior segment of eye"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The subretinal space lies within the posterior segment of the eye, and this is the only ICHI code in the posterior segment block that involves removal. However, a subretinal neovascular membrane is not a foreign body or device — it is pathological tissue — making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699082005"/>
<display
value="Repair of blood vessel of extremity with synthetic patch graft"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates upper limb (ICA.ML.AA) and lower limb (IFA.ML.AA) artery reconstruction codes with no unified "extremity" category, and neither code distinguishes synthetic versus tissue patch grafts or covers veins; the match is approximate due to limb-level ambiguity and lack of graft-material specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699084006"/>
<display
value="Repair of blood vessel of extremity with tissue patch graft"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI provides no unified "extremity blood vessel" reconstruction code and does not differentiate tissue versus synthetic graft material; ICA.ML.AA is the closest available category but the match is approximate due to limb ambiguity and absent graft-type specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1279575005"/>
<display
value="Repair of defect of atrioventricular septum with tissue graft"/>
<target>
<code value="HFB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of atrioventricular septal defect with patch"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HFB.ML.AA describes repair of an atrioventricular septal defect using a patch, which is conceptually close to the SNOMED concept's tissue graft; however, "patch" in ICHI typically refers to synthetic or pericardial material, whereas "tissue graft" implies autologous or biological tissue, making this an approximate but not exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232926001"/>
<display
value="Repair of implanted atrioventricular paravalvular leak"/>
<target>
<code value="HDF.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "atrioventricular valve" repair category for non-congenital valves; the SNOMED concept covers both mitral and tricuspid implanted valves, and mitral is the most commonly implanted AV valve, making HDF.MK.AA the closest available code, but it omits the tricuspid laterality and the paravalvular/prosthetic context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174181000112102"/>
<display value="Repair of ligament of glenohumeral joint"/>
<target>
<code value="MDL.LB.AA"/>
<display value="Reattachment of ligament or fascia of shoulder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically titled "repair of ligament of shoulder"; the closest available code is reattachment of shoulder ligament/fascia, which overlaps in clinical intent but differs in action axis (reattachment vs. repair) and also includes fascia."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="315307003"/>
<display value="Repair of obstetric laceration of lower urinary tract"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of urethra"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The lower urinary tract encompasses both the bladder and urethra, and ICHI has no single code covering both; NAM.MK.AA (urethra, the most commonly lacerated structure in obstetric injury) is selected as the closest approximation, but it covers only one component of the lower urinary tract."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="68371002"/>
<display value="Repair of symblepharon with free graft"/>
<target>
<code value="BBA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Symblepharon repair with free graft aims to restore the conjunctival fornix and separate the adhesed conjunctiva, which aligns most closely with reconstruction of the conjunctival cul-de-sac; however, ICHI does not explicitly encode "symblepharon" or "free graft.""/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="28003005"/>
<display
value="Repair of symblepharon with free graft of buccal mucous membrane"/>
<target>
<code value="BBA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same procedural intent as concept 68371002 (restoration of the conjunctival cul-de-sac after symblepharon), but the SNOMED concept specifies buccal mucous membrane as the graft source — a distinction ICHI does not capture."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="34098008"/>
<display value="Repair of symblepharon with free graft of conjunctiva"/>
<target>
<code value="BBA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of conjunctival cul-de-sac"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same base procedure as 68371002 and 28003005; the conjunctival free graft source is more anatomically consistent with the ICHI target, but ICHI still does not distinguish graft material type or explicitly name symblepharon repair."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31230008"/>
<display
value="Repair of tear of retina by coagulation using electrical energy"/>
<target>
<code value="BCC.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of retina"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Retinal tear repair by electrical coagulation works by creating a controlled destructive chorioretinal burn to seal the tear, making BCC.GA.AA (Destruction of retina) the best available match for the mechanism — it does not capture the "repair" intent or the electrical means specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="240939007"/>
<display value="Replacement of arterial intraluminal device"/>
<target>
<code value="IBB.KA.AA"/>
<display value="Replacement of carotid artery device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI codes device replacement only at specific named arteries (e.g., carotid), and has no generic "arterial" intraluminal device replacement code; IBB.KA.AA is the best available structural analog but is limited to the carotid artery rather than any artery. The SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific whereas the ICHI code is restricted to a single vessel."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="713037008"/>
<display value="Replacement of larynx"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of larynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated "replacement of larynx" code; reconstruction of the larynx is the closest available option, as total laryngeal replacement (e.g., laryngeal transplant or prosthetic larynx) would typically be encoded under reconstruction in ICHI. The semantic match is approximate since replacement implies a different scope than reconstruction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431846007"/>
<display
value="Replacement of permanent cardiac pacemaker using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.KA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal replacement of pacemaker or defibrillator system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The percutaneous transluminal route (AF means axis) corresponds to the transvenous approach typically performed under fluoroscopic guidance, making this the best available match; however, ICHI does not explicitly encode the fluoroscopic guidance modality, and the code also encompasses defibrillator systems beyond just pacemakers."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="57462009"/>
<display
value="Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.KA.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic replacement of colonic device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBP.KA.AD is the closest available ICHI code, covering endoscopic replacement of a colonic device, but the SNOMED concept is site-broader (large intestine includes colon, caecum, and rectum) and approach-neutral, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="236208006"/>
<display value="Replacement of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of urinary bladder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code titled "replacement of urinary bladder"; NAI.ML.AA is the closest concept, as total bladder replacement (e.g., orthotopic neobladder after cystectomy) involves bladder reconstruction, though "replacement" and "reconstruction" are not fully synonymous."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174312005"/>
<display value="Reversal of Hartmann's procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.LB.AA"/>
<display value="Anastomosis of rectum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Reversal of Hartmann's procedure involves colostomy takedown, mobilisation of the rectal stump, and colorectal anastomosis; ICHI has no dedicated code, but KBW.LB.AA captures the definitive anastomotic step. The colostomy takedown and full operative context are not represented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="311428000"/>
<display
value="Revision closed reduction and internal fixation of fracture"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LD.AH"/>
<display
value="Closed reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates closed reduction (LD.AH) from device implantation (DN.AA) and has no combined "closed reduction + internal fixation" code; MBZ.LD.AH is the only site-unspecified vertebral closed reduction code, but neither the internal fixation component, the fracture qualifier, nor the revision status are captured, making this an approximate and partial match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179775004"/>
<display
value="Revision intra-articular autograft augmentation intra-articular ligament"/>
<target>
<code value="MML.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of ligaments of knee"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's reconstruction of knee ligaments is the closest structural match for autograft augmentation of an intra-articular ligament, but the ICHI code is knee-specific whereas the SNOMED concept does not constrain to the knee, and neither the "revision" nor the "autograft" detail is encoded in the ICHI title."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="69486001"/>
<display value="Revision neuroplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Neuroplasty (surgical repair or mobilisation of a nerve) aligns most closely with repair of a peripheral nerve, but the ICHI code does not capture the "revision" (redo) nature of the procedure, nor does it distinguish peripheral from cranial or spinal nerve targets where relevant."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448817006"/>
<display
value="Revision of closed reduction of fracture and skeletal traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept combines closed reduction of a fracture with concurrent skeletal traction as a revision procedure; ICHI has no single code uniting all three elements, and the only general skeletal traction code (MBZ.LC.AE) is restricted to the spine, so the fracture-reduction code is an inexact approximation that omits both the traction and the revision aspects."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174810007"/>
<display value="Revision of implantation of prosthetic heart"/>
<target>
<code value="HZZ.DN.AA"/>
<display
value="Implantation of cardiac assist device, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated code for a total artificial heart (prosthetic heart) or for revision of its implantation; the nearest available code covers implantation of an unspecified cardiac assist device. This is an approximate match that captures the cardiac device implantation domain but misses both the total-heart specificity and the revision (redo) intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112706000"/>
<display
value="Revision of internal fixation device, broken or displaced"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "internal fixation" terminology or "revision of fixation device" concept; the closest available code addresses removal of an internal device from bone of unspecified site, which captures the primary surgical step in revising a broken or displaced fixation device. The match is inexact because revision typically also involves re-implantation (not encoded here), the site is unspecified, and the specific clinical indication (broken/displaced hardware) is absent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609139008"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of calcaneus"/>
<target>
<code value="MOB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The calcaneus is a foot bone, so the foot/toe bone block (MOB) is the correct anatomical target. Revision of internal fixation primarily involves re-implanting fixation hardware, making MOB.DN.AA (implantation of device into foot/toe bone) the closest action; however, it captures only the re-fixation step and not the removal of the original hardware or the revision context, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609129002"/>
<display
value="Revision of internal fixation of carpal and metacarpal bones"/>
<target>
<code value="MGB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific "revision of internal fixation" code; MGB.DN.AA (implantation of device into bone of hand or finger) captures the dominant surgical act — re-placing internal fixation hardware — but does not encode the revision/correction nature of the procedure, and the target is broader than carpal and metacarpal bones specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609130007"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of femur"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no revision-of-fixation category; MLB.DN.AA matches the correct anatomical target (femur) and the primary surgical act (device implantation), but does not capture the revision/corrective intent — removal of prior hardware and re-fixation — that distinguishes this from a primary internal fixation procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609131006"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of fibula"/>
<target>
<code value="MNB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into tibia or fibula"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MNB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code, covering device implantation into the tibia or fibula (wider anatomical target than fibula alone), but ICHI does not encode the revision/corrective nature of the procedure, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609124007"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of humerus"/>
<target>
<code value="MEB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of humerus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MEB.DN.AA correctly identifies the humerus as the target and device implantation as the primary act, but ICHI lacks a dedicated revision concept; the code does not distinguish a re-do procedure (with prior hardware removal/correction) from a primary internal fixation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609136001"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of metatarsal bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MOB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MOB.DN.AA is the best available ICHI code, but it covers all bones of the foot or toe (broader than metatarsal alone) and addresses only the implantation act rather than the full revision concept; no ICHI code specifically represents revision of internal fixation at this site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609138000"/>
<display
value="Revision of internal fixation of tarsal and metatarsal bones"/>
<target>
<code value="MOB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MOB.DN.AA covers device implantation into foot/toe bones, which encompasses tarsal and metatarsal bones, but the ICHI code describes initial implantation rather than revision of existing fixation. The "revision" (re-fixation) aspect of the SNOMED concept is not captured by ICHI, making this an approximate match only."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609137005"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of tarsal bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MOB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MOB.DN.AA is the closest available ICHI code, covering device implantation in foot/toe bones (which includes tarsal bones), but it is wider anatomically (includes metatarsals and toes) and does not encode the "revision" nature of the procedure — only initial device implantation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609132004"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of tibia"/>
<target>
<code value="MNB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into tibia or fibula"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MNB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code but is wider anatomically (covers both tibia and fibula, not tibia alone) and represents initial device implantation rather than revision of existing fixation hardware, so neither the anatomical specificity nor the procedural intent aligns precisely."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609134003"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of tibia and fibula"/>
<target>
<code value="MNB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into tibia or fibula"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MNB.DN.AA covers the correct anatomical target (tibia or fibula, matching the combined tibia-and-fibula scope), but it describes initial device implantation rather than revision of existing internal fixation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609127000"/>
<display value="Revision of internal fixation of ulna"/>
<target>
<code value="MFB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of forearm"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MFB.DN.AA is the closest ICHI code but is anatomically wider (covers all forearm bones — both radius and ulna — not the ulna specifically) and encodes initial device implantation rather than revision of existing fixation, yielding only an approximate semantic match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178988003"/>
<display value="Revision of reconstruction of bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "reconstruction of bone, unspecified site" category — the only ML-action code for unspecified bone is "Bone graft of unspecified site," which is a reconstructive technique for bone but does not fully align with the broader concept of bone reconstruction revision; additionally, the "revision of" qualifier is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173388007"/>
<display value="Revision of repair of cleft palate"/>
<target>
<code value="KAS.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of soft palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cleft palate repair typically involves the soft palate (and often the hard palate), and ICHI has no combined or cleft-specific palate repair code; KAS.MK.AA is the closest single code, but it omits the hard palate component, does not specify cleft aetiology, and does not encode the "revision of" qualifier."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179548008"/>
<display value="Revision of resurfacing arthroplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="MLJ.KA.AA"/>
<display value="Replacement of hip joint device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Resurfacing arthroplasty is predominantly a hip procedure, and ICHI's "Replacement of hip joint device" (KA = replacement of existing device) captures the revision intent, but ICHI does not distinguish resurfacing from total joint arthroplasty, and the SNOMED concept does not specify the joint site, making this an approximate match only."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="230820003"/>
<display value="Revision of shunt in intracranial subdural space"/>
<target>
<code value="AAE.KA.AA"/>
<display value="Replacement of ventricular device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for a subdural shunt; the closest available brain shunt revision code targets ventricular structures (AAE), whereas a subdural shunt is sited in the subdural space, making this an approximate anatomical match for the concept of intracranial shunt revision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231056009"/>
<display value="Revision of shunt in spinal syrinx"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.KA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for a syrinx (syringomyelia cavity) shunt; the closest available code covers device replacement in the spinal canal (ABG), which is anatomically adjacent but not identical to the intramedullary syrinx cavity, and the percutaneous approach is specified in ICHI but not necessarily implied by the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="226833008"/>
<display value="Revision of stoma of thorax"/>
<target>
<code value="PAF.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of chest wall"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no thoracic stoma-specific code; a stoma of the thorax (e.g. a thoracostomy opening) involves the chest wall, making PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall) the closest approximation, though the match is imprecise as it covers general chest wall repair rather than stoma revision specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442373004"/>
<display value="Revisional laminoplasty of cervical spine"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for laminoplasty or lamina reconstruction; MBZ.ML.AA captures the reconstructive nature of laminoplasty (a remodelling/plasty of the posterior arch) but loses both the cervical specificity and the lamina-specific target, and does not encode the revisional aspect. This is an approximate match at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265567000"/>
<display value="Rigid cystoscopy and cystodiathermy"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.LA.AC"/>
<display value="Transurethral haemostasis of bladder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cystodiathermy (electrocoagulation/diathermy of bladder tissue via cystoscope) is closest in ICHI to transurethral haemostasis of bladder, as both involve transurethral energy-based tissue treatment of the bladder. ICHI has no dedicated code for cystodiathermy or endoscopic electrocoagulation of bladder, so NAI.LA.AC is an approximate match — the SNOMED concept implies a combined diagnostic-plus-therapeutic procedure and diathermy is not restricted to haemostasis alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="708816008"/>
<display
value="Robot assisted laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="NMC.JK.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic total salpingectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined code for simultaneous salpingectomy and oophorectomy; NMC.JK.AB covers the laparoscopic total removal of the fallopian tube but omits the ovary removal component, the bilateral nature, and the robot-assisted technique, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410353007"/>
<display value="Safety case management"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.TD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Case coordination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZB.TD.ZZ represents coordinating care across services for a whole person, which overlaps significantly with safety case management as a coordinating function; however, ICHI does not distinguish a "safety" focus, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448895004"/>
<display value="Sampling for smear"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.AH.XH"/>
<display value="Specimen collection of tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Sampling for smear" is a surface cytology technique (cell scraping/swabbing) applied to any site, while ICHI's best available generic option is tissue specimen collection NEC; no ICHI code specifically represents a smear-type collection independent of site, making this an approximate match only."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410306009"/>
<display value="Screening education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="VDB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education to influence screening behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VDB.PM.ZZ is the best available code — it specifically targets education aimed at influencing screening behaviours, capturing the educational and guidance component. However, the SNOMED concept also explicitly includes "counseling" (a distinct action, PN in ICHI), making this an inexact match; the full intent would require combining VDB.PM.ZZ with VDB.PN.ZZ (Advising about screening behaviours)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="310858007"/>
<display value="Self-monitoring"/>
<target>
<code value="SMH.AM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Observation of looking after one's health"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Self-monitoring in SNOMED is a patient-performed activity of observing one's own health status, which aligns most closely in ICHI with "Observation of looking after one's health" (SMH.AM.ZZ) under the self-care block; however, the ICHI code represents a clinician observing the patient's self-care activity rather than the patient's own monitoring act, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1285184001"/>
<display value="Sexual and reproductive health promotion program"/>
<target>
<code value="VEF.VB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Awareness raising to influence sexual behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VEF.VB.ZZ is the closest single ICHI code, covering population-level awareness raising about sexual behaviours, which overlaps with sexual health promotion; however, the SNOMED concept is broader — encompassing reproductive health, program-level delivery, and multiple intervention modalities that no single ICHI code captures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1231376002"/>
<display value="Sialendoscopic removal of mucus plug of salivary duct"/>
<target>
<code value="KAM.JE.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic extraction of calculus from salivary gland or duct"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code captures endoscopic extraction from a salivary duct (matching the sialendoscopic approach and ductal target), but its action axis specifies "calculus" while the SNOMED concept specifies "mucus plug" — a functionally similar but materially distinct obstruction. No more precise ICHI code for endoscopic mucus plug removal from a salivary duct exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="5154007"/>
<display value="Speech therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="JU1.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of voice and speech functions, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Speech therapy as a clinical discipline encompasses assessment, training, advising, and counselling of speech and language functions, whereas JU1.PH.ZZ captures only the training/exercise component; the block BlockL4-JU1 (Interventions on voice and speech) would be a better structural fit but is not an assignable category code, making JU1.PH.ZZ the best available assignable approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448352008"/>
<display
value="Sphincteroplasty of pancreatic duct using duodenal approach"/>
<target>
<code value="KCO.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of pancreatic duct"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Sphincteroplasty of the pancreatic duct is a repair/reconstruction of the pancreatic sphincter mechanism accessed via the duodenum; KCO.ML.AA (Reconstruction of pancreatic duct) is the closest structural match but does not distinguish the sphincter specifically or the duodenal approach, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178814008"/>
<display value="Spinal facet joint denervation"/>
<target>
<code value="ABN.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of spinal nerve root"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Facet joint denervation targets the medial branch nerves supplying the zygapophyseal joints (not strictly the spinal nerve root), but ABN.GA.AA (Destruction of spinal nerve root) is the closest available ICHI code covering nerve destruction in the spinal region; ICHI does not have a dedicated facet joint denervation code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="105408001"/>
<display value="Spiritual assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="SXH.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SXH.AA.ZZ is an assessment of a patient's engagement with religion and spirituality as an activity/participation domain (ICF-aligned), which overlaps meaningfully with a clinical spiritual assessment but is not semantically identical — the SNOMED concept frames this as a health-care assessment act, while the ICHI code frames it as an intervention on a participation domain. It is the closest available code but the fit is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410313009"/>
<display value="Spiritual care education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="SXH.PN.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Advising about engaging in religion and spirituality"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept combines education, guidance, and counseling in one term, whereas ICHI splits these into separate codes (SXH.PM.ZZ for education, SXH.PN.ZZ for advising); SXH.PN.ZZ (advising/guidance) is the closest single match but does not fully capture the combined scope including formal counseling and education components."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386444001"/>
<display value="Spiritual support"/>
<target>
<code value="SXH.RC.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Emotional support for engaging in religion and spirituality"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Spiritual support" is closely aligned with providing emotional and practical support within a spiritual/religious context; SXH.RC.ZZ (emotional support) is the best single-code fit, though spiritual support may also encompass practical dimensions captured by SXH.RB.ZZ, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265726007"/>
<display value="Spondylolisthesis operation"/>
<target>
<code value="MBM.LE.AA"/>
<display value="Fusion of lumbar spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Spondylolisthesis operations most commonly involve spinal fusion (with or without reduction) at the lumbar level, making MBM.LE.AA a clinically reasonable representative code; however, the SNOMED concept is non-specific (covers any surgical approach — reduction alone, fusion, decompression, or instrumentation, and at any spinal level), so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31774006"/>
<display value="Steinberg operation, revision of gastric anastomosis"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Steinberg operation is a revision of a gastric anastomosis — a reconstructive procedure on the stomach — which aligns most closely with reconstruction of stomach; ICHI has no specific "revision of anastomosis" code, so reconstruction better captures the revisional/corrective nature than a simple anastomosis code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439106001"/>
<display
value="Stimulation of bone healing using ultrasonic osteogenic stimulator"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.DN.AH"/>
<display
value="Noninvasive placement of external device of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MRB.DN.AH represents noninvasive external device placement on bone at unspecified site, aligning with how a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) osteogenic stimulator is applied; however, it does not specify the ultrasound modality or the bone-healing stimulation purpose."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="226060000"/>
<display value="Stress management"/>
<target>
<code value="ATF.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of global psychosocial functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Stress management as a clinical intervention encompasses training, skill-building, and self-regulation techniques mapping most closely to ATF.PH.ZZ; the match is inexact because "stress management" is broader than training alone and could also involve counselling (ATF.PP.ZZ) or advising (ATF.PN.ZZ)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410315002"/>
<display value="Stress management education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="ATF.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling for global psychosocial functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept combines three distinct activities (education, guidance, and counseling) for stress management; ATF.PP.ZZ for counselling of global psychosocial functions is the closest single ICHI code but does not capture the education or advising components."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="2677003"/>
<display value="Stripping"/>
<target>
<code value="IFD.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of lower limb vein"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Stripping" without further qualification most commonly refers to surgical vein stripping (saphenectomy); IFD.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code, but ICHI does not have a dedicated "stripping" technique term, and the SNOMED concept is generic enough that it could refer to non-venous stripping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="16662008"/>
<display value="Stripping of carotid sinus"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Stripping of the carotid sinus (carotid sinus denervation) involves surgical removal/disruption of the carotid sinus nerve, functionally mapping to destruction/excision of a peripheral nerve; ICHI has no carotid-sinus-specific nerve code, and ACA.GA.AA is the closest available concept though broader."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="55161005"/>
<display value="Stripping of fascia"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a dedicated "stripping of fascia" or "fasciectomy" code; MRS.JJ.AA is preferred as stripping of fascia is functionally a partial removal of soft tissue, though ICHI does not distinguish fascia as a specific target at this level."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="424407005"/>
<display
value="Substance use cessation education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="VA1.PP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept bundles education, guidance, and counseling about cessation; VA1.PP.ZZ covers counselling only, with separate ICHI codes for education (VA1.PM.ZZ) and advising (VA1.PN.ZZ), so no single ICHI code combines all three modalities."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385989002"/>
<display value="Substance use therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="VA1.PP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Substance use therapy" is a broad term encompassing psychotherapeutic and behavioural interventions; the closest ICHI code is counselling (VA1.PP.ZZ), though no single ICHI code covers "therapy" in its broadest sense across all modalities."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="395169002"/>
<display value="Superior mediastinal lymph nodes neck dissection"/>
<target>
<code value="DFB.JL.AA"/>
<display value="Radical neck dissection"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes dissection spanning cervical and superior mediastinal lymph nodes; DFB.JL.AA captures radical neck dissection but does not encompass the superior mediastinal component, making this approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1230103006"/>
<display value="Support during first stage of labor"/>
<target>
<code value="NUG.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling for functions related to childbirth"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no first-stage-of-labour-specific code; NUG.PP.ZZ is the closest within the childbirth functions block but frames the intervention as counselling rather than continuous support and covers all of childbirth rather than the first stage."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410319008"/>
<display value="Support system education, guidance, and counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="UEO.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about general social support services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="UEO.PM.ZZ captures the education component directed at social support systems, but the SNOMED bundles education, guidance, and counseling together while ICHI separates these across distinct action codes."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="384743009"/>
<display value="Support system enhancement"/>
<target>
<code value="UEO.VA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Capacity building targeting general social support services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="UEO.VA.ZZ is the closest ICHI concept to strengthening a support system, but capacity building is a specific population/system-level action whereas SNOMED's "support system enhancement" is broader and may encompass individual or organisational improvements."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="176889002"/>
<display value="Surgical control of hemorrhage of uterus"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.DK.AC"/>
<display value="Tamponade of uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a generic "control of haemorrhage of uterus" code; tamponade is the closest available intervention but represents only one specific technique rather than the full range of surgical hemostatic methods (ligation, embolisation, compression sutures)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="85651007"/>
<display value="Plantar dissection"/>
<target>
<code value="MOL.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Plantar dissection involves cutting through plantar soft tissues (most commonly the plantar fascia), which aligns with incision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe; however, "dissection" can span a wider range of tissue planes and purposes, so the match is approximate rather than precise."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179176009"/>
<display value="Plaster cast traction"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures the cast/splint application component of this procedure under PZX.LC.AH, but the traction element (applying sustained pulling force) is not reflected in this code; no dedicated traction code was found in ICHI, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="78285005"/>
<display value="Pleuropexy"/>
<target>
<code value="JCA.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Pleurodesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pleuropexy (mechanical fixation of the pleural layers) and pleurodesis (obliteration of the pleural space, typically by chemical sclerosing agent) share the same clinical goal of eliminating the pleural space but differ in technique; at ICHI's level of granularity, pleurodesis is the closest available code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274475000"/>
<display value="Pneumatic splinting"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures the act of applying a splint in PZX.LC.AH but does not distinguish the pneumatic (inflatable) modality from other splint types; the pneumatic technique is an important clinical distinction that is lost, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="281582006"/>
<display value="Pneumothorax relief"/>
<target>
<code value="JCB.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pneumothorax relief is most commonly achieved by percutaneous drainage of the pleural cavity (needle aspiration or chest drain insertion), which corresponds to JCB.JB.AE; however, the ICHI code refers to pleural cavity drainage broadly and does not specify pneumothorax as the indication."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="9718006"/>
<display value="Polymerase chain reaction analysis"/>
<target>
<code value="XG4U02"/>
<display value="Viral nucleic acid amplification test"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PCR is the dominant nucleic acid amplification technology, and XG4U02 covers viral nucleic acid amplification tests broadly; however, PCR analysis in SNOMED is a general laboratory technique applicable to any target (bacterial, genetic, non-viral), while XG4U02 is specifically scoped to viral detection."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="473215001"/>
<display
value="Suture plication of artery for control of gastric ulcer hemorrhage"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code for open suture plication of an artery to control gastric ulcer bleeding; the available gastric bleeding codes are endoscopic or transcatheter. "Repair of stomach" is the closest open surgical correlate but differs in that the SNOMED concept targets the artery supplying the ulcer rather than the stomach wall itself."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448368002"/>
<display
value="Suturing of laceration of trachea by intrathoracic approach"/>
<target>
<code value="JBA.MK.AB"/>
<display value="Thoracoscopic repair of trachea"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JBA.MK.AB specifies a thoracoscopic (intrathoracic) approach to tracheal repair, which aligns with the intrathoracic route in the SNOMED concept, but "thoracoscopic" implies endoscopic instrumentation whereas the SNOMED concept implies open surgical suturing; additionally, ICHI "repair" is broader than "suturing of laceration.""/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="311677003"/>
<display value="Swallowing promotion therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="KTC.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training about swallowing"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Swallowing promotion therapy" encompasses therapeutic techniques to facilitate and improve swallowing, which aligns most closely with training/education about swallowing (KTC.PH.ZZ), but ICHI also has KTC.SC.ZZ (Facilitating swallowing) and KTC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise in relation to swallowing) — no single ICHI code captures the full "promotion therapy" concept, making this an inexact match. KTC.PH.ZZ is the best single fit as swallowing promotion therapy is primarily an active training-based rehabilitation intervention."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31160006"/>
<display value="Tenosuspension of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Tenosuspension is a tendon-anchoring stabilisation procedure of the hand with no dedicated ICHI equivalent; MGT.ML.AA (reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger) is the closest structural match, as tenosuspension is a form of tendon reconstruction, but it does not capture the specific suspensory fixation technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287627004"/>
<display value="Therapeutic brain ventricular shunt aspiration"/>
<target>
<code value="AAE.SN.AA"/>
<display
value="Management of internal device of ventricles of brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Aspiration of CSF from an existing ventricular shunt (a "shunt tap") is a procedure performed on the shunt device itself to relieve pressure or test function; AAE.SN.AA captures the closest concept of managing an internal device within the ventricular system. No ICHI code specifically encodes shunt aspiration/tapping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="127606004"/>
<display value="Therapeutic phlebotomy"/>
<target>
<code value="DIA.JH.AF"/>
<display value="Collection of blood or blood products"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated venesection or therapeutic phlebotomy code; DIA.JH.AF ("Collection of blood or blood products", percutaneous) is the closest structural match, but it does not encode the therapeutic intent of removing blood to treat conditions such as polycythaemia or haemochromatosis, and is typically used for donation/banking contexts."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="25084003"/>
<display value="Therapeutic spinal puncture"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Drainage of spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The therapeutic intent of spinal puncture is drainage of CSF, which aligns most closely with ABG.JB.AE ("Drainage of spinal canal", percutaneous); the named ICHI code for lumbar puncture (ABG.AH.AE) does not distinguish diagnostic from therapeutic use, while ABG.JB.AE captures the therapeutic drainage action but is not restricted to the lumbar route or puncture technique alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="447236006"/>
<display value="Thoracentesis of fetus"/>
<target>
<code value="JCB.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of pleural cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JCB.JB.AE captures the procedure type of thoracentesis performed percutaneously, but the SNOMED concept specifies the fetal subject — ICHI has no fetal-specific thoracentesis code under the NMR (fetal interventions) block, making this an approximate match that ignores the patient context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="171903001"/>
<display value="Thoracic chemical sympathectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ADC.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ADC.JK.AA targets the correct anatomical site (thoracic sympathetic nerve) with a destructive intent, but encodes surgical excision rather than chemical/neurolytic destruction; ICHI contains no code for chemical neurolysis or ablation of the thoracic sympathetic nerve, so this is the closest available approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="444141002"/>
<display value="Thoracoscopic excision of mass of pericardium"/>
<target>
<code value="HFF.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of pericardium"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HFF.JI.AA covers local excision of a pericardial lesion (mass), matching the target and action precisely, but uses an open (AA) approach rather than thoracoscopic; ICHI has thoracoscopic pericardiectomy codes (HFF.JJ.AB, HFF.JK.AB) but no thoracoscopic variant for local lesion excision of the pericardium."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="35052002"/>
<display value="Thrombectomy and repair of venous graft"/>
<target>
<code value="IZD.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of vein, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined code for thrombectomy plus repair of a venous graft; IZD.MK.AA covers the repair-of-vein component but omits the thrombectomy aspect, and neither code addresses a vascular graft specifically (as distinct from a native vein). This is an approximate match capturing only part of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="15023006"/>
<display
value="Thromboendarterectomy with graft of carotid artery by neck incision"/>
<target>
<code value="IBB.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of carotid artery, extracranial"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IBB.JE.AA captures the endarterectomy of the extracranial carotid artery via open (neck) approach, matching the core procedure and anatomical site. However, it does not encode the graft reconstruction component (which would require a separate ICHI code such as IBB.ML.AA) nor the thrombus-specific indication, making it an approximate but incomplete match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173131002"/>
<display value="Tracheo-esophageal puncture procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="JBA.DN.AC"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into trachea"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="TEP (tracheo-esophageal puncture) creates a surgical fistula between the trachea and oesophagus to allow placement of a voice prosthesis after laryngectomy; ICHI has no dedicated TEP code, and JBA.DN.AC (implantation of device into trachea) is the closest available approximation, capturing the tracheal component and device placement aspect. The match is inexact because TEP involves both tracheal and oesophageal structures and the core act is puncture/fistula creation, not purely device implantation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="288157009"/>
<display value="Traction for dislocation"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Traction applied to reduce a dislocation is a form of closed (manipulative) reduction of a joint; ICHI encodes this under closed reduction codes, with MRJ.LD.AH representing the unspecified-site residual category when no specific joint is specified. The match is inexact because traction is a specific technique within the broader closed reduction category, and site-specific codes (e.g., MDJ.LD.AH for shoulder, MLJ.LD.AH for hip) may be more appropriate when the joint is known."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175117000"/>
<display value="Transluminal removal of heart assist system"/>
<target>
<code value="HZZ.JD.AH"/>
<display value="Removal of extrinsic heart assist device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HZZ.JD.AH is specifically about removing an extrinsic (external) heart assist device, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a transluminal (percutaneous/endovascular) approach to removing a heart assist system, which more typically involves internal devices such as an Impella or LVAD via a transluminal route. HBA.JD.AA (removal of left ventricular assist device, open) or HBB.JD.AA (right VAD) would capture the device type better but lack the transluminal approach; HZZ.JD.AH captures the "assist device removal" concept but implies an extrinsic device rather than an intravascular one, making the match inexact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233068009"/>
<display
value="Transluminal right ventricular outflow tract laser operation"/>
<target>
<code value="HBB.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of right ventricular outflow tract"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for a laser procedure on the RVOT. HBB.LG.AF is the closest code as it is explicitly percutaneous transluminal and targets the right ventricular outflow tract — matching both the route and the anatomical target of the SNOMED concept — but the means (balloon dilatation vs. laser) differ, making this an inexact match rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="281627009"/>
<display value="Transposition of adrenal tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="EBC.KD.AA"/>
<display value="Transplant of adrenal tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Surgical transposition (moving tissue to a new anatomical site) is functionally close to autologous tissue transplant, and EBC.KD.AA is the only adrenal tissue repositioning code in ICHI. However, "transplant" in ICHI may imply exogenous/donor tissue rather than autologous transposition, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119700007"/>
<display value="Transposition of tissue of ankle"/>
<target>
<code value="MNT.LJ.AA"/>
<display value="Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "tissue transposition" category for the ankle; MNT.LJ.AA is the closest code, covering tendon transfer/transplantation at the ankle, but it is specific to tendon whereas the SNOMED concept refers broadly to any tissue at this anatomical site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119699006"/>
<display value="Transposition of tissue of foot"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.LJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No foot-specific tendon transfer code exists in ICHI (unlike for ankle), and there is no generic tissue transposition code; MRT.LJ.AA (Tendon transfer or transplantation, unspecified site) is the closest structural analogue, though it does not specify the foot and is restricted to tendon rather than tissue generally."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120226009"/>
<display value="Transposition of tissue of forearm"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.LJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Muscle transfer or transplantation of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No forearm-specific tissue transposition code exists in ICHI; MRM.LJ.AA (Muscle transfer or transplantation, unspecified site) captures the general concept of moving tissue to a new location but is restricted to muscle, does not specify the forearm, and does not encompass the full breadth of tissues covered by the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119681003"/>
<display value="Transposition of tissue of thigh"/>
<target>
<code value="MLM.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of muscle of thigh"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MLM.ML.AA targets specifically the muscle of the thigh rather than skin/subcutaneous tissue, making it an inexact match; however, thigh tissue transposition procedures most commonly involve musculocutaneous or muscle flaps (e.g., vastus lateralis, gracilis), so this is the most anatomically specific ICHI code available for the thigh."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="389116009"/>
<display value="Treatment of heat exposure"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.SE.ZZ"/>
<display value="Cooling of central body temperature"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cooling of the core body is the primary clinical intervention for heat-related illness (heat stroke, heat exhaustion), making PZA.SE.ZZ the best available ICHI match; however the SNOMED concept is broader and encompasses all treatments for heat exposure (e.g., fluid replacement, rest, environmental cooling), while the ICHI code specifically denotes active central-temperature cooling."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182977008"/>
<display value="Triple therapy Helicobacter pylori"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AC"/>
<display value="Administering pharmacotherapy, per orifice"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specific to H. pylori eradication or multi-drug combination regimens. PZA.DB.AC (administering pharmacotherapy per orifice) captures the oral drug delivery act but loses the specific pathogen, triple-drug combination, and eradication intent of the SNOMED concept, making this an approximate but imprecise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1356872001"/>
<display
value="Ultrasonography guided percutaneous laser ablation of lesion of liver"/>
<target>
<code value="KCA.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Laser interstitial thermal therapy of tissue of liver"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KCA.GA.AH is the only ICHI code that specifically names laser-based thermal destruction of liver tissue, making it the closest match; however, it does not specify the percutaneous approach or ultrasound guidance, and "laser interstitial thermal therapy" (LITT) is a specific laser technique that partially overlaps but is not fully synonymous with "laser ablation" in general."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169435005"/>
<display value="Ultrasound therapy - analgesia"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Therapeutic ultrasound for analgesia works primarily through deep tissue heating (hyperthermy), which aligns with AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy applied to the pain target axis); however, ICHI does not have a code that specifies ultrasound as the means of delivering the thermal/mechanical energy for pain, so the match is approximate — the mechanism (heat for pain) is correct but the modality (ultrasound) is not explicit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="167252002"/>
<display value="Urine pregnancy test"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.AH.XB"/>
<display value="Specimen collection of urine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for a urine-based pregnancy (hCG) test; PZX.AH.XB covers only the urine specimen collection step, missing the analytical/diagnostic component of testing for pregnancy hormones, making it an inexact partial match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="276343000"/>
<display value="Urogenital system investigation"/>
<target>
<code value="NAN.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of urinary system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NAN.AA.ZZ covers assessment of the urinary system, but "urogenital system investigation" in SNOMED encompasses both urinary and genital/reproductive components; the ICHI code is restricted to the urinary subsystem, making it an inexact match given the partial scope overlap."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169439004"/>
<display value="US therapy - inner ear"/>
<target>
<code value="CCA.GA.AC"/>
<display value="Destruction of inner ear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for therapeutic ultrasound applied to the inner ear; CCA.GA.AC is the closest structural match involving an energy-based or ablative action on the inner ear, but it represents surgical destruction rather than therapeutic ultrasound stimulation, making this only an inexact approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169438007"/>
<display value="US therapy - larynx lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of larynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no code for therapeutic ultrasound applied to a laryngeal lesion; JAN.GA.AA is the closest functional analog representing a destructive/ablative action on a laryngeal lesion, but the means axis does not specify ultrasound as the technique, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="786451004"/>
<display value="Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation"/>
<target>
<code value="PSA.DD.AF"/>
<display value="Cardiopulmonary bypass"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VA-ECMO and cardiopulmonary bypass both use an extracorporeal circuit to oxygenate blood and support circulation, but they are clinically distinct — VA-ECMO provides sustained cardiorespiratory support while CPB is typically intra-operative; no dedicated ECMO code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="418419008"/>
<display value="Virtual CT bronchoscopy"/>
<target>
<code value="JBF.BA.BC"/>
<display
value="Computerised tomography of lung, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Virtual CT bronchoscopy is a post-processing CT imaging technique that reconstructs airway views from lung CT data; ICHI does not have a code specifically for virtual bronchoscopy rendering, and the target organ is the lung parenchyma rather than the bronchus."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="28542003"/>
<display value="Wigand-Martin maneuver"/>
<target>
<code value="NMR.LD.AC"/>
<display value="Rotation of fetus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Wigand-Martin maneuver is a specific obstetric technique for delivering the aftercoming head in a breech delivery, which involves manipulation and rotation of the fetus; NMR.LD.AC (Rotation of fetus) is the closest available ICHI code but is broader and does not capture the full complexity of the maneuver including head delivery. No more specific ICHI code for breech head delivery maneuvers exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119811005"/>
<display value="Abdominal artery transposition"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific "transposition of artery" code; transposition (repositioning of a vessel to a new anatomical site) is a reconstructive vascular procedure, and IEA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery) is the closest available category, though it is an approximate rather than semantically equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386671008"/>
<display value="Abdominal cavity operation"/>
<target>
<code value="PAK.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Laparotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Abdominal cavity operation" is a high-level, non-specific SNOMED grouper concept; PAK.FA.AA (Laparotomy) is the prototypical ICHI code for a generic abdominal cavity procedure, but ICHI does not have a single umbrella code that equates to all abdominal cavity operations, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405293000"/>
<display value="Abdominal sympathectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ADD.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Abdominal sympathectomy" most commonly refers to lumbar sympathectomy (excision of lumbar sympathetic ganglia/chain) performed through an abdominal approach, making ADD.JK.AA the best ICHI match; however, the SNOMED term could also encompass splanchnic or celiac plexus sympathectomy, and ICHI does not have a single code for all abdominal sympathetic structures, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="177250006"/>
<display value="Abdominoplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="PAL.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of abdominal wall"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Abdominoplasty (tummy tuck) involves excision of excess abdominal skin/fat combined with reconstruction and tightening of the abdominal wall; PAL.ML.AA captures the reconstructive/reshaping component of the procedure. The match is inexact because abdominoplasty also involves skin and subcutaneous tissue excision (integumentary system), which PAL.ML.AA does not cover, making neither PAL.ML.AA nor LAB.JJ.AA alone a complete representation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="8420001"/>
<display value="Abrasion procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JG.AH"/>
<display
value="Debridement of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Abrasion (mechanical removal of superficial tissue) is conceptually closest to debridement without incision in ICHI, but abrasion is not synonymous with debridement and the SNOMED concept is entirely site-unspecified while ICHI's NEC skin code still implies a cutaneous target; no precise ICHI equivalent exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119723005"/>
<display value="Accessory sinus closure"/>
<target>
<code value="JAE.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Accessory sinuses" is the anatomical collective term for the paranasal sinuses, and surgical closure (obliteration/sealing) of a sinus is closest to repair in ICHI terminology; however, JAE.MK.AA covers the residual "not elsewhere classified" paranasal sinus group and "repair" is not a precise synonym for "closure" (obliteration), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119724004"/>
<display value="Accessory sinus reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="JAE.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has a specific reconstruction code for the maxillary sinus (JAF.ML.AA) but not for paranasal sinuses in general; JAE.MK.AA is the closest non-specific option, though repair and reconstruction carry subtly different meanings. The match is approximate given ICHI's lack of a generic paranasal sinus reconstruction code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="33879002"/>
<display value="Active immunization"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.VD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous vaccination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI represents vaccination only at route-specific levels (oral DTB.VD.AC, percutaneous DTB.VD.AE) with no unspecified vaccination code that captures the generic act of active immunization regardless of route; DTB.VD.AE (percutaneous, the most common route for immunization) is the closest approximation, but it is both narrower by route and does not cover the full scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="71788004"/>
<display value="Administration of anticoagulant"/>
<target>
<code value="DTA.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of anticoagulant"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI specifies the route as injection (percutaneous), whereas the SNOMED concept covers anticoagulant administration by any route (oral, IV, subcutaneous, etc.), making this an approximate match on the drug class but narrower on route specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="432977006"/>
<display
value="Administration of drug or medicament via intraarterial route"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AF"/>
<display
value="Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The intraarterial route involves advancing a catheter through a vessel lumen (transluminal, percutaneous access), which maps most closely to the percutaneous transluminal means in ICHI. No dedicated intra-arterial drug administration code exists in ICHI, and the whole-body target (PZA) reflects the absence of a route-specific anatomical target axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386353009"/>
<display
value="Administration of drug or medicament via ophthalmic route"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AH"/>
<display value="Topical application of pharmacotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ophthalmic drug administration (eye drops, ointments applied to the conjunctival surface) is a form of topical application; however, this ICHI code is not eye-specific and covers any topical route, making it an approximate match rather than a precise one."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="50697003"/>
<display value="Administration of general anesthetic"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DC.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous anaesthesia"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates anaesthesia by route (inhalational PZA.DC.AC vs intravenous PZA.DC.AF) and has no route-neutral general anaesthesia category; PZA.DC.AF represents the most common route for general anaesthesia but does not cover the full semantic scope of the route-unspecified SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="51251000112106"/>
<display value="Administration of low dose ketamine"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous administration of medication for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Low-dose ketamine is predominantly used for analgesia via intravenous route, making AXA.DB.AF (IV medication for pain) the closest functional match; however, ketamine can also be given by other routes and has uses beyond pain (e.g. sedation/anaesthesia), and the ICHI code does not encode the specific drug or the "low dose" qualifier."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="434701000124101"/>
<display value="Administration of lung surfactant"/>
<target>
<code value="JZZ.DB.AC"/>
<display
value="Oral administration of pharmaceutical for respiratory system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Lung surfactant is administered directly into the respiratory tract (intratracheally/bronchoscopically), not orally, but JZZ.DB.AC is the only ICHI code representing pharmaceutical administration targeted at the respiratory system; no tracheal or intrabronchial drug instillation code exists in ICHI, making this an approximate but imperfect match on both route and target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="868251000"/>
<display value="Administration of multimodal anesthesia"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DC.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous anaesthesia"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI offers only two anaesthesia delivery codes — inhalational (PZA.DC.AC) and intravenous (PZA.DC.AF) — and has no concept for multimodal anaesthesia (which combines multiple agents and routes); PZA.DC.AF is the closest single code given that IV agents are a central component of most multimodal regimens, but it does not capture the multimodal or combined-technique nature of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431224009"/>
<display value="Administration of substance via transdermal route"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AH"/>
<display value="Topical application of pharmacotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Transdermal administration (delivery of a drug through intact skin into systemic circulation, e.g., patches) is closely related to topical pharmacotherapy in ICHI, which covers external application to the skin. However, the concepts are not fully equivalent — topical application can be purely local (not systemic), whereas transdermal is specifically systemic via the skin route; ICHI does also have PZA.DB.AE (percutaneous pharmacotherapy) which could also partially apply, making this an inexact match rather than a clean wider/narrower relationship."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1285251009"/>
<display value="Administration via intraarterial route"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AF"/>
<display
value="Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for intraarterial administration as a route; PZA.DB.AF (percutaneous transluminal) is the closest available means axis value covering vascular catheter-based delivery, but it encompasses a broader set of transluminal approaches and is scoped to pharmacotherapy rather than any substance, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1285293005"/>
<display value="Administration via intravenous route"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AZ"/>
<display value="Administering pharmacotherapy, route not specified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no generic "intravenous administration" code in ICHI that is substance-agnostic; specific IV administration codes exist only tied to particular substance categories (e.g., DTB.DB.AF for immunological agents, PZA.DA.AF for nutritional substances, AXA.DB.AF for pain medication). PZA.DB.AZ (pharmacotherapy, route not specified) is the closest generic pharmacotherapy administration code, but it does not capture the intravenous route specificity of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232706008"/>
<display value="Airway clearance by finger sweep"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.JD.AC"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from oropharynx without incision"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A finger sweep is a manual, non-incision technique to clear an oropharyngeal obstruction, which aligns with removal from the oropharynx without incision. The match is inexact because the ICHI title implies removal of a discrete foreign body or device rather than the manual sweeping manoeuvre used in airway emergency clearance."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="35637008"/>
<display value="Alcohol rehabilitation"/>
<target>
<code value="VAA.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display value="Psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Alcohol rehabilitation in clinical practice is primarily a psychotherapeutic/behavioural intervention targeting alcohol use, and VAA.PQ.ZZ (Psychotherapy for alcohol use behaviours) is the closest single ICHI code; however, rehabilitation is broader than psychotherapy alone — it can encompass counselling (VAA.PP.ZZ), training (VAA.PH.ZZ), and medical management — making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182678001"/>
<display value="Allergen immunotherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous administration of immunological agent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) is most precisely represented by percutaneous administration of an immunological agent, which captures the dominant subcutaneous/intradermal delivery route and the immunological nature of the substance. However, ICHI does not encode the desensitisation purpose specifically, and alternative delivery routes (sublingual, oral) exist, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72600003"/>
<display value="Alternative communication technique education"/>
<target>
<code value="SFD.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about producing nonverbal messages"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Alternative communication technique education refers to teaching AAC methods (sign language, picture boards, speech-generating devices), predominantly nonverbal strategies. SFD.PM.ZZ is the closest match but ICHI's scope is narrower than AAC, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172390002"/>
<display value="Amniotic graft to conjunctiva"/>
<target>
<code value="BBA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of conjunctiva"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for amniotic membrane grafting to the conjunctiva; BBA.MK.AA is the closest available category within the conjunctiva block, but it does not capture the graft material (amniotic membrane) or the reconstructive intent, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="400136002"/>
<display value="Amputation of upper limb"/>
<target>
<code value="MZZ.JN.AA"/>
<display
value="Amputation of musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept is a broad category spanning all upper limb amputation levels, while ICHI codes amputations by specific anatomical level with no single "upper limb" amputation code; MZZ.JN.AA serves as an approximate catch-all but is semantically imprecise."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="5422005"/>
<display value="Amylase measurement, peritoneal fluid"/>
<target>
<code value="XG9SZ5"/>
<display value="Lipase or amylase"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="XG9SZ5 covers the amylase measurement action but is not specific to peritoneal fluid as the specimen source, and also encompasses lipase measurement. The SNOMED concept is more precise in both analyte specificity (amylase only) and specimen type (peritoneal fluid only)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175249005"/>
<display value="Anastomosis of vena cava to pulmonary artery"/>
<target>
<code value="HIB.LI.AA"/>
<display value="Creation of cavopulmonary shunt"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HIB.LI.AA describes connecting the vena cava to the pulmonary artery, which is precisely what the SNOMED concept denotes; however, the ICHI title frames it as a shunt creation rather than an anastomosis, and it does not distinguish between partial (Glenn) and total connection, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="77773000"/>
<display value="Angiectomy with graft replacement of abdominal vein"/>
<target>
<code value="HIC.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of inferior vena cava"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no general "abdominal vein" code; HIC.ML.AA is the best available match because the IVC is the principal large abdominal vein with dedicated ICHI codes, but the SNOMED term is anatomically broader (any abdominal vein) and the ICHI code does not capture the excision-then-graft-replacement specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169161000"/>
<display
value="Angiography of intracranial vascular structure using radioactive isotope"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.BA.BB"/>
<display value="Angiography of intracranial arteries"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for radioactive isotope (nuclear) angiography of intracranial vessels; IAA.BA.BB is the closest available intracranial angiography code, but it does not capture the radioactive isotope modality and covers arteries only (not the broader "vascular structure" of the SNOMED term)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169162007"/>
<display
value="Angiography of vascular structure of thyroid using radioactive isotope"/>
<target>
<code value="EBA.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="EBA.BA.BE is the only ICHI code that combines the thyroid gland target with a radioisotope modality (means BE = radioisotope/nuclear), and while it captures the thyroid + radioactive isotope dimension, it is oriented towards thyroid scan/functional studies rather than vascular angiography specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169419003"/>
<display value="Antiinflammatory light therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.SC.AH"/>
<display
value="Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's phototherapy codes cover therapeutic light application to skin but do not encode the anti-inflammatory intent or modality specificity; LZZ.SC.AH is the best residual phototherapy category but represents an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="723558009"/>
<display value="Anxiolytic drug therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.TI.ZZ"/>
<display value="Pharmacotherapy prescription"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for pharmacotherapy specifically targeting anxiety or mental health; PZX.TI.ZZ captures the prescribing act for any pharmacotherapy but does not represent the full therapy/administration of an anxiolytic agent, making it an approximate match only."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="399052009"/>
<display value="Aortic balloon pump operation"/>
<target>
<code value="HIG.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains an entry titled "Intraaortic balloon pump" but it has no assigned code in the current beta release; HIG.DL.AF captures the anatomical site and procedural approach of IABP insertion but is a generic device-insertion code, not specific to counterpulsation balloon pumps."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="76987002"/>
<display value="Aortoplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="HIL.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of aortic root"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Aortoplasty (surgical repair/reshaping of the aorta) has no direct ICHI equivalent; the ICHI hierarchy encodes repair by specific aortic segment (root, arch, ascending, thoracic, abdominal). HIL.MK.AA (Repair of aortic root) is only one possible anatomical target, and the SNOMED concept is not segment-specific, making this an approximate match at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450772009"/>
<display value="Application of cosmetic camouflage"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DB.AH"/>
<display
value="External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cosmetic camouflage involves the topical application of an opaque cosmetic product to the skin to conceal discolouration or disfigurement, fitting the action axis (DB = application of substance) and integumentary system target; however, LZZ.DB.AH is a broad NEC category covering any external substance application and does not capture the rehabilitative/cosmetic concealment purpose of camouflage therapy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239644006"/>
<display value="Application of pelvic traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MKB.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of external immobilisation device to pelvis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pelvic traction applies a sustained pulling/stretching force and is mechanistically distinct from a simple external immobilisation device (cast, brace, splint). MKB.LC.AH is the closest ICHI code covering external devices applied to the pelvis, but it does not specifically capture traction as a technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239655006"/>
<display value="Application of skeletal traction to lower limb"/>
<target>
<code value="PNA.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of external immobilisation device to lower limb, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated skeletal (pin/wire through bone) traction code for the lower limb; the only limb-level NEC immobilisation code is PNA.LC.AH, which covers external immobilisation devices broadly but does not distinguish the skeletal traction technique from casts or splints. MBZ.LC.AE (skeletal traction) applies only to the spine, making it unsuitable."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239649001"/>
<display value="Application of skeletal traction to upper limb"/>
<target>
<code value="PMA.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of external immobilisation device to upper limb, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="As with lower limb skeletal traction, ICHI has no dedicated skeletal traction code for the upper limb; PMA.LC.AH is the closest available code covering any external immobilisation of the upper limb, but it does not capture the specific technique of pin-through-bone skeletal traction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1230147000"/>
<display value="Application of skin protector"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A skin protector (barrier film, protective dressing, or wound protector) is related to but not fully synonymous with a skin dressing; LZZ.DK.AH is the most applicable ICHI code for a topical external application to skin, but it describes dressing rather than a protective film or barrier product specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="251929001"/>
<display value="Arteriovenous fistula operation"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.SN.AF"/>
<display value="Management of arteriovenous shunt"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IZA.SN.AF is the closest ICHI code for an arteriovenous fistula operation, as both involve an abnormal arteriovenous communication; however, ICHI uses "shunt" terminology rather than "fistula," and the SNOMED concept is non-specific about whether the operation is creation, repair, or ligation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119816000"/>
<display value="Artery of extremity transposition"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "transposition of artery" code anywhere in the classification; transposition of an artery (relocating it to a new anastomotic site) is most closely captured by reconstruction of artery NEC, which encompasses complex arterial rerouting procedures, but this is an approximate rather than direct match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="10715004"/>
<display
value="Arthroplasty of distal radius with prosthetic replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="MFJ.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into wrist joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for distal radius arthroplasty; the distal radius forms the wrist joint and a prosthetic replacement involves implantation of a device at that joint, making MFJ.DN.AA the closest structural match. However, "implantation of device into wrist joint" is a broader and semantically different framing — it does not convey the reconstructive/arthroplasty nature of the procedure, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="59053005"/>
<display value="Arthroscopy of elbow with complete synovectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="MEJ.JJ.AB"/>
<display value="Arthroscopic partial excision of elbow joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; the closest available code covers arthroscopic partial excision of the elbow joint, which shares the arthroscopic approach and tissue-removal action but does not capture the completeness of the synovectomy or the specific target of the synovial membrane."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438625008"/>
<display value="Arthroscopy of knee with osteochondral allograft"/>
<target>
<code value="MMC.KD.AB"/>
<display
value="Arthroscopic transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI codes cartilage restoration procedures under "transplantation of chondrocyte cells," which covers autologous chondrocyte implantation but does not precisely represent an osteochondral allograft (bone-plus-cartilage block from a donor); this is the closest available code but the graft type and target structure differ."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440354005"/>
<display
value="Arthroscopy of wrist with release of transverse carpal ligament"/>
<target>
<code value="MFJ.FC.AB"/>
<display value="Arthroscopic release of wrist joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes arthroscopic release of a specific structure (the transverse carpal ligament / flexor retinaculum), while the ICHI code refers to release of the wrist joint capsule more generally; these are anatomically related but not the same target structure, making this an approximate rather than a direct match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="5186002"/>
<display value="Arthrotomy for synovectomy of glenohumeral joint"/>
<target>
<code value="MDJ.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of shoulder joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated synovectomy code; synovectomy (excision of synovial membrane) is best represented as a partial excision of the shoulder joint via open approach, but ICHI's "partial excision" is not specific to the synovial membrane and could encompass other tissue, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="5391008"/>
<display value="Artificial voice rehabilitation"/>
<target>
<code value="JUG.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of alternative vocalisation functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Artificial voice rehabilitation" targets the restoration of voice after laryngectomy using an artificial means (e.g., electrolarynx, tracheoesophageal speech), which maps most closely to ICHI's "Training of alternative vocalisation functions" — but ICHI focuses on the training/rehabilitation component and does not capture the surgical or device implantation aspects that may accompany the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="307180000"/>
<display value="Artificial voicebox procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into larynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An artificial voicebox procedure involves implanting a prosthetic voice-generating device into or at the larynx site (commonly a tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis after laryngectomy); "Implantation of device into larynx" is the closest ICHI structural match, though the SNOMED concept may also encompass the broader surgical setup including tracheoesophageal puncture, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="281652006"/>
<display value="Aspiration of blister"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.JB.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no ICHI code for aspiration or drainage of a blister specifically; percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous tissue is the closest mechanistic match, but it is body-site specific (trunk) and does not capture the concept of a fluid-filled blister (vesicle/bulla) that can occur anywhere on the body, making this an inexact approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="3499006"/>
<display value="Aspiration of vitreous with replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="BCD.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Diagnostic aspiration of vitreous"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BCD.AD.AA captures aspiration of the vitreous body but is labeled "diagnostic" and does not encode the replacement/substitution component; no ICHI code in the vitreous block combines aspiration with instillation of a replacement agent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225343006"/>
<display value="Assessment of needs"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="General health assessment"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Assessment of needs" in clinical and social care contexts denotes a structured evaluation to determine a person's support or care requirements, which does not map precisely to any ICHI category; PZB.AA.ZZ (General health assessment, whole-person level) is the closest available code but represents a health status assessment rather than a needs or care-planning assessment, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="370813004"/>
<display
value="Assessment of philosophical, cultural, and spiritual beliefs and values"/>
<target>
<code value="SXH.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of engaging in religion and spirituality"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SXH.AA.ZZ captures the spiritual and religious dimension of the SNOMED concept but omits the philosophical and cultural beliefs/values components, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="718063001"/>
<display value="Assessment of vascular system care"/>
<target>
<code value="HT2.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HT2.AA.ZZ covers assessment of cardiovascular function and is the closest ICHI code to vascular system care assessment, but it is oriented toward physiological cardiovascular function rather than the care/management of the vascular system as a clinical care concept; the match is approximate as the ICHI code sits within the functions axis rather than a structural vascular or care-assessment axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="725812000"/>
<display value="Assessment using ACS (Activity Card Sort)"/>
<target>
<code value="SXC.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of engaging in recreation and leisure"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Activity Card Sort is an occupational therapy tool assessing engagement across instrumental activities, leisure, and social participation domains, making it broader than any single ICHI activity code. SXC.AA.ZZ (recreation and leisure assessment) covers the predominant domain of the ACS but does not capture its instrumental ADL and social participation components, making this an approximate rather than a clean hierarchical match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="717065006"/>
<display value="Assessment using Aston Index"/>
<target>
<code value="AUE.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of perceptual functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Aston Index is a multi-domain battery for dyslexia/learning difficulties screening that spans visual and auditory perception, sequential memory, and motor skills; AUE.AC.ZZ (Test of perceptual functions) captures the dominant perceptual domain but does not encompass the full multi-domain scope of the instrument, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="717324004"/>
<display value="Assessment using Attributional Style Questionnaire"/>
<target>
<code value="AUF.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of thought functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Attributional Style Questionnaire measures cognitive explanatory style (how individuals attribute causes to events), which falls within thought functions and cognitive appraisal; however, AUF.AA.ZZ is broader and does not specifically encode the construct of attributional or explanatory style, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="718370008"/>
<display
value="Assessment using Children's Health Locus of Control Scale"/>
<target>
<code value="ATH.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of temperament and personality functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Children's Health Locus of Control Scale measures perceived control over health outcomes — a psychological belief construct. ICHI has no code for health beliefs or locus of control specifically; ATH.AA.ZZ (Assessment of temperament and personality functions) is the nearest available category within specific psychological assessment, but health locus of control is conceptually distinct from temperament and personality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="445821003"/>
<display
value="Assessment using comprehensive occupational therapy evaluation scale"/>
<target>
<code value="AS1.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of mental functions, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The COTE scale is a multidimensional OT assessment covering behaviour, cognition, and task performance across multiple domains (mental functions and activities/participation), which does not map cleanly to any single ICHI category. The unspecified mental functions assessment code is the closest approximation but does not capture the full breadth of the COTE instrument."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="445826008"/>
<display
value="Assessment using falls behavioral scale for older people"/>
<target>
<code value="MVG.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of gait pattern"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for falls risk behavioural instruments or falls screening assessments; MVG.AC.ZZ is the closest available code because gait is the central physical domain measured by falls behavioural scales, but the match is inexact as the SNOMED concept specifically targets behavioural attitudes toward falls prevention rather than a gait test per se."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443731004"/>
<display
value="Assessment using Falls Risk Assessment Scale for the Elderly"/>
<target>
<code value="MVG.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of gait pattern"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no dedicated falls risk assessment category; MVG.AA.ZZ is the best approximate match because gait function is the principal physical determinant captured by falls risk scales, though the ICHI code does not encompass the multi-domain risk profiling nor the elderly-specific framing of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1290009006"/>
<display
value="Assessment using Gijon's social-familial evaluation scale"/>
<target>
<code value="ATF.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of global psychosocial functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Gijon's scale evaluates social risk across domains including housing, family support, economic situation, and social relationships — a composite social-environmental assessment — whereas ATF.AC.ZZ targets an individual's global psychosocial functioning; the ICHI code captures part of the intent (psychosocial assessment via a test) but does not reflect the environmental and social support dimensions of the Gijon instrument."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="763183003"/>
<display value="Assessment using Leeds Foot Impact Scale"/>
<target>
<code value="MTB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of joint mobility"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Leeds Foot Impact Scale measures the impact of foot problems (primarily in rheumatoid arthritis) on mobility, pain, and daily activities — a multidimensional outcome measure. MTB.AA.ZZ is an approximate match capturing the joint mobility assessment dimension, but the ICHI code does not reflect the scale's broader scope covering pain, footwear, and disability impact on daily life."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="762993000"/>
<display value="Assessment using Morse Fall Scale"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="General health assessment"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Morse Fall Scale is a structured fall risk screening tool assessing mobility, mental status, and patient history; ICHI has no specific fall risk assessment code, and PZB.AA.ZZ (general health assessment, whole-person level) is the closest available category, though it does not capture the specific fall-risk safety screening intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="718638000"/>
<display
value="Assessment using Mothers' Object Relations Scale Short Form"/>
<target>
<code value="AUD.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of emotional functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The MORS-SF assesses a mother's psychological representations of her infant (object relations), which is fundamentally rooted in emotional and relational functioning; AUD.AC.ZZ is the nearest ICHI category but is substantially broader and does not capture the specific maternal-infant relationship or object relations construct."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="773704001"/>
<display value="Assessment using Oxford Shoulder Score"/>
<target>
<code value="MTB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of joint mobility"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Oxford Shoulder Score is a patient-reported outcome measure for shoulder pain and function; while MLJ-level anatomy-specific codes exist for hip, no parallel "assessment of shoulder joint" category exists in ICHI, so MTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of joint mobility) is the closest functional match. It is an inexact match because it covers joint mobility generically rather than being shoulder-specific or capturing the full pain-and-function scope of the Oxford Shoulder Score."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="718414005"/>
<display
value="Assessment using Reynell-Zinkin Scales: Developmental Scales for Young Visually Handicapped Children"/>
<target>
<code value="BTB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of seeing functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Reynell-Zinkin Scales are a multi-domain developmental assessment (covering sensorimotor, language, cognitive, and social skills) designed for children with visual impairment; ICHI has no single code for a multi-domain paediatric developmental assessment in the context of visual handicap. BTB.AA.ZZ captures the visual impairment context but misses the broader developmental scope of the instrument, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="51552007"/>
<display value="Suture of laceration of epididymis and spermatic cord"/>
<target>
<code value="NGD.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of spermatic cord"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept covers both the epididymis and the spermatic cord jointly, but ICHI has no dedicated epididymis repair code; NGD.MK.AA covers only the spermatic cord component, making it an incomplete and approximate match for the combined procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446217007"/>
<display
value="Assessment using Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles questionnaire"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.AN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Interview in relation to pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The VISA-A is a patient-reported outcome questionnaire for Achilles tendinopathy covering pain, stiffness, and function; no ICHI code exists for tendon function or sport-specific outcome measures, so AXA.AN.ZZ approximates the dominant pain/symptom-reporting component but misses functional and physical performance domains."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1354563002"/>
<display
value="Assessment using WHODAS (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) 2.0 12-item short version"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of quality of life"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="WHODAS 2.0 is a standardised WHO instrument measuring disability and functioning across six life domains using a structured questionnaire, while PZB.AC.ZZ covers standardised tests of the whole person at a similar level of abstraction. No ICHI code specifically represents disability or functioning schedule administration; PZB.AC.ZZ is the closest assignable code within the "whole person" block, but the target concept (disability/functioning vs. quality of life) differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1354564008"/>
<display
value="Assessment using WHODAS (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule) 2.0 36-item full version"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of quality of life"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="WHODAS 2.0 (36-item) is a longer form of the same WHO disability and functioning instrument; the SNOMED distinction between 12-item and 36-item versions has no parallel in ICHI, which does not encode test instrument variants. PZB.AC.ZZ remains the closest available code for a whole-person standardised test, with the same inexact alignment on the disability-versus-quality-of-life dimension."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182623007"/>
<display value="Assisted exercise in pool"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.ZZ.BS"/>
<display
value="Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZA.ZZ.BS is the closest ICHI code for pool-based therapeutic exercise using full body immersion; however it frames the intervention as hydrotherapy rather than assisted exercise, and the means axis does not capture the supervised/assisted nature, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304559009"/>
<display value="Assisting with functional activity"/>
<target>
<code value="SM1.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with self care, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SNOMED's "functional activity" is a broad concept spanning motor, cognitive, and daily-living functions. SM1.RB.ZZ is the closest available code representing practical hands-on support with a patient's activities, but it is scoped to self-care specifically and does not cover the full breadth of functional activities (e.g., mobility, communication, work tasks) that the SNOMED concept encompasses."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="6832004"/>
<display value="Atherectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Atherectomy (mechanical plaque removal via catheter) and endarterectomy (surgical stripping of the arterial intima) are both procedures that remove atherosclerotic material from arteries, but they differ in technique — atherectomy is typically endovascular/percutaneous and ICHI does not have a dedicated atherectomy code; IZA.JE.AA is the closest functional analog for a generic, site-unspecified arterial debulking procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="426991006"/>
<display value="Attachment of auricular prosthesis"/>
<target>
<code value="CAC.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of auricle of ear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for fitting or attaching an external auricular (ear) prosthesis; CAC.ML.AA for reconstruction of the auricle is the closest available code within the auricle block, but it denotes surgical tissue reconstruction rather than prosthesis attachment, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="700445002"/>
<display value="Attachment-based therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="SR1.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for engaging in interactions and interpersonal relationships, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Attachment-based therapy is a specific psychotherapeutic modality targeting early attachment patterns and interpersonal relating; SR1.PQ.ZZ covers psychotherapy for interpersonal interactions and relationships, which aligns conceptually but is an imprecise match because ICHI does not encode therapy modalities at that level of specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1153456006"/>
<display value="Auscultation of abdomen"/>
<target>
<code value="KTE.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of digestive functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Auscultation of the abdomen is performed clinically to assess bowel sounds and other digestive functions, which maps most closely to KTE.AA.ZZ (Assessment of digestive functions); however, this ICHI code is broader — it covers all methods of digestive function assessment, not only auscultation, and the target in ICHI is a functional domain rather than the anatomical abdomen."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449264008"/>
<display value="Auscultation of lower respiratory tract"/>
<target>
<code value="JTB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of respiration function"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Auscultation of the lower respiratory tract (lungs/bronchi) is a clinical technique used to assess breathing sounds and respiratory function, which aligns most closely with JTB.AA.ZZ (Assessment of respiration function); the ICHI code is broader as it encompasses all assessment modalities for respiration function and is not restricted to auscultation as the means used."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14038001"/>
<display value="Autologous graft of rib cartilage to face"/>
<target>
<code value="MAB.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept targets soft tissue/cartilage augmentation of the face using autologous rib cartilage, whereas MAB.ML.AA refers to reconstruction of facial bone (hard tissue), making this an approximate rather than semantically equivalent match; no dedicated ICHI code exists for soft-tissue facial cartilage grafting."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="32344003"/>
<display value="Avulsion of peripheral nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Excision of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Avulsion of a peripheral nerve is functionally a complete removal of a peripheral nerve, closely corresponding to ACA.JK.AA. The match is inexact rather than equivalent because avulsion implies a tearing/forcible detachment technique that is not captured in the ICHI means axis for this code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178294003"/>
<display value="Axillary lymph nodes sampling"/>
<target>
<code value="DFC.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of axillary lymph node"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Lymph node sampling (removal of a limited number of nodes for pathological examination) is most closely represented by partial excision of the axillary lymph node in ICHI; it is not a true biopsy nor a full dissection, but the action of partial excision approximates the sampling intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="723337004"/>
<display value="Ayres Sensory Integration"/>
<target>
<code value="AV2.PH.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Training of additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ayres Sensory Integration is a specific occupational therapy approach that uses structured sensory experiences to improve neurological processing; ICHI does not have a dedicated code for this named intervention, but AV2.PH.ZZ is the closest available category, capturing the training/therapeutic nature targeting sensory functions, though it is a residual NEC code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229107001"/>
<display value="Back class"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A "back class" is a structured group educational intervention aimed primarily at self-management of back pain; AXA.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match, though it does not capture the group-class format, the back-specific anatomy, or any physical exercise component that such classes often include."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="30856002"/>
<display value="Back disease and deformity rehabilitation"/>
<target>
<code value="MU2.PH.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Training of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Back rehabilitation typically centres on restoring muscle strength, endurance, and mobility of the spinal region; MU2.PH.ZZ is the best single ICHI code, but it does not fully capture the multi-modal, spine-specific, and deformity-oriented scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="268541009"/>
<display value="Back problems education"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code for education about back problems or musculoskeletal conditions specifically; "Education about pain" is the closest available code since back problems education is predominantly pain-oriented patient education, but the ICHI code is broader and does not capture the back/spinal specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1255115002"/>
<display
value="Behavioral counseling about risk factor for periodontitis"/>
<target>
<code value="VEE.PN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Advising about oral hygiene behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Periodontitis is primarily driven by oral hygiene behaviour, and ICHI's closest match is advising about oral hygiene behaviours (VEE.PN.ZZ). However, ICHI does not encode the specific risk-factor framing or the periodontitis diagnosis context, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="166001"/>
<display value="Behavioral therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="VEL.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses "psychotherapy" (action PQ) as the closest action code for behavioural therapeutic interventions, but this code restricts the target to psychological health and wellbeing behaviours, whereas SNOMED's "behavioral therapy" is broader and encompasses behaviour modification across any domain."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="418121005"/>
<display
value="Bimanual phacoemulsification of lens with intraocular lens implantation"/>
<target>
<code value="BBF.JK.AE"/>
<display value="Phacoemulsification of lens"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures the phacoemulsification component of this compound procedure but has no single code combining phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (which would separately map to BBF.ML.AA); the "bimanual" technique and the IOL implantation step are both unrepresented, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="12569007"/>
<display value="Biofeedback, regulation of blood pressure"/>
<target>
<code value="ITA.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in relation to blood pressure functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ITA.PH.ZZ is specifically scoped to blood pressure functions training, which aligns well with blood pressure regulation biofeedback; however, ICHI does not distinguish biofeedback as a technique within this training code, so while it is the closest available code, the means axis is unspecified rather than explicitly capturing the biofeedback modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702707005"/>
<display value="Biopsy of head"/>
<target>
<code value="MAA.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Biopsy of skull"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single "biopsy of head" code covering all head structures; "biopsy of head" in SNOMED is anatomically broad, potentially encompassing skin, soft tissue, skull, and joints of the head. The skull biopsy code is chosen as the best available approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="362994003"/>
<display value="Biopsy of immune system structure"/>
<target>
<code value="DFZ.AD.AA"/>
<display
value="Biopsy of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept spans all immune system structures (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, tonsils), while ICHI classifies biopsies of each under separate specific codes. DFZ.AD.AA is the broadest single residual code available, but does not encompass spleen, thymus, or bone marrow."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702556008"/>
<display value="Biopsy of lymph node using ultrasound guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="DFA.AD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous biopsy of lymph node, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="DFA.AD.AE specifies percutaneous approach but does not explicitly encode ultrasound guidance; ultrasound-guided biopsy is typically percutaneous, so this is the closest available code, but the imaging guidance modality is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="307099006"/>
<display value="Biopsy of spine"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Biopsy of vertebra, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a single generic "biopsy of spine" code; instead it offers site-specific codes (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) plus MBZ.AD.AA for vertebra NEC. "Spine" in SNOMED encompasses vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and surrounding structures, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442307002"/>
<display value="Blind sac closure of external auditory canal"/>
<target>
<code value="CAE.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of external auditory canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Blind sac closure of the external auditory canal is a specific surgical technique where the ear canal is closed off into a dead-end pouch (e.g., after radical mastoidectomy or for chronic ear disease), which involves reconstruction/obliteration of the canal. ICHI does not have a specific code for this procedure; CAE.ML.AA (Reconstruction of external auditory canal) is the closest available code but does not capture the obliterative/closure nature of the blind sac technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="22615000"/>
<display value="Body alignment education"/>
<target>
<code value="SHD.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in maintaining body position"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Body alignment education" — teaching a patient to position and hold their body correctly — maps approximately to ICHI's training in maintaining body position (within the Activities & Participation mobility domain), but ICHI uses "training" rather than "education" as its action, and "maintaining body position" is semantically related but not identical to the broader concept of body alignment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="19590000"/>
<display value="Bone block of ankle"/>
<target>
<code value="MNB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft to tibia or fibula"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A bone block procedure at the ankle uses an autograft or allograft bone wedge to limit ankle motion or restore stability, which maps to the bone graft (ML) action on the tibia/fibula target — the closest anatomical match in ICHI. The code does not capture the stabilisation-through-blocking intent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="288151005"/>
<display value="Bone fixation traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Bone fixation traction is a technique using skeletal traction pins or wires to apply traction force for fracture management, which is a form of external immobilisation; however, ICHI's LC action covers immobilisation devices broadly and does not specifically represent the traction mechanism, making this an approximate match at the unspecified bone site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="288058001"/>
<display value="Bone reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "bone reconstruction" code; the closest assignable code is bone graft of unspecified site (MRB.ML.AA, action ML = reconstruction/graft, target = bone unspecified site), which captures the reconstructive intent but is limited to graft-based reconstruction and does not cover all reconstructive approaches (e.g., implants, osteoplasty)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385975007"/>
<display value="Bowel care management"/>
<target>
<code value="KTK.ZZ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Other interventions on defaecation function, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No single ICHI code corresponds precisely to bowel care management as a nursing/care coordination activity; KTK.ZZ.ZZ is the residual category and provides the closest available approximation, but it does not capture the management dimension."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386223004"/>
<display value="Bowel incontinence care"/>
<target>
<code value="KTK.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with defaecation function"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for bowel/faecal incontinence care; KTK.RB.ZZ comes closest by representing a supportive, hands-on intervention targeting the defaecation function domain, though it does not explicitly name incontinence."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120074001"/>
<display value="Brain closure"/>
<target>
<code value="AAC.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of cerebral meninges with cranioplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Brain closure" refers to the closing phase of a craniotomy (dural repair + bone flap replacement), which AAC.ML.AA approximates through cranioplasty with meningeal repair; however, the ICHI code specifies a reconstructive context rather than a routine operative closure step."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120075000"/>
<display value="Brain reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="AAC.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of cerebral meninges with cranioplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No dedicated brain tissue reconstruction code exists in ICHI; AAC.ML.AA is the closest structural reconstruction procedure of the brain region but targets the meninges and skull rather than the brain parenchyma itself."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287435006"/>
<display value="Bronchoscopic electrocoagulation"/>
<target>
<code value="JBB.LA.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic haemostasis of bronchus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Bronchoscopic electrocoagulation is most commonly performed for haemostasis in the bronchus, making JBB.LA.AD the closest available ICHI code. However, electrocoagulation may also serve tissue destruction purposes beyond haemostasis, and neither the specific means (electrocoagulation) nor the full scope of the SNOMED concept is precisely captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="67179008"/>
<display
value="Bronchoscopy for relief of stenosis with laser surgery"/>
<target>
<code value="JBB.LG.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic dilatation of bronchus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies both the therapeutic intent (relief of stenosis) and the means (laser surgery), while ICHI captures endoscopic dilatation of the bronchus but has no dedicated code encoding laser as the means; the functional goal aligns but the laser-specific technique is lost."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="359889000"/>
<display value="Bunionectomy with soft tissue correction"/>
<target>
<code value="MOB.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial ostectomy of bone of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A bunionectomy involves removal of the bony prominence at the first metatarsal head, which corresponds to partial ostectomy of bone of foot or toe, but the SNOMED concept also includes soft tissue correction (capsulotomy, tendon balancing), which is not captured in this ICHI code. The bone-removal component is well represented but the soft tissue component is absent, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="8096008"/>
<display value="Capsulotomy of midfoot with tendon lengthening"/>
<target>
<code value="MOJ.FB.AA"/>
<display
value="Division of joint capsule or cartilage of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining capsulotomy of the midfoot joint and tendon lengthening; ICHI has no single code encoding both components together. MOJ.FB.AA captures the capsulotomy component at the foot level, but omits the tendon lengthening element, so neither code alone is equivalent — MOJ.FB.AA is the primary surgical target and best single approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1255162009"/>
<display value="Carbohydrate counting diet"/>
<target>
<code value="VEA.TI.ZZ"/>
<display value="Prescription for eating behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Carbohydrate counting is a structured dietary self-management technique typically prescribed as part of diabetes management; VEA.TI.ZZ (prescription for eating behaviours) is the closest ICHI code, as it represents the clinical act of prescribing a specific eating pattern. However, the ICHI code does not capture the specific technique (carbohydrate counting) or its clinical context (diabetes), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431514000"/>
<display value="Cardiac septostomy using ultrasound guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into interatrial communication"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Balloon septostomy (the standard technique for cardiac septostomy) is performed percutaneously with device insertion to enlarge the interatrial communication, matching the action and target of HAD.LH.AF, but ICHI does not capture the ultrasound guidance modality as part of this code. The SNOMED concept is therefore only approximately matched."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="38546007"/>
<display value="Cardiocentesis"/>
<target>
<code value="HFF.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Pericardiocentesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cardiocentesis (needle puncture of the heart) is clinically performed almost exclusively as pericardiocentesis (aspiration of pericardial fluid), and HFF.JB.AE is the standard ICHI code for this procedure; however, the SNOMED term is technically broader and could include intracardiac puncture for other purposes, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="133891005"/>
<display value="Care planning session"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.TB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Individualised planning"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A care planning session is a structured encounter to develop or review an individual care plan, which aligns most closely with PZB.TB.ZZ (Individualised planning) in the "Interventions on whole person" block; the match is inexact because "individualised planning" in ICHI denotes the planning activity itself rather than the specific format of a dedicated planning session or meeting."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386230005"/>
<display value="Case management"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.TD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Case coordination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZB.TD.ZZ (Case coordination) under the "Interventions on whole person" block is the closest ICHI equivalent to case management — both describe coordinating a person's care across services — but ICHI's term emphasises coordination rather than the full scope of case management (assessment, planning, monitoring, advocacy), making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405831000119106"/>
<display value="Catheterization of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIG.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into descending thoracic aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single generic "catheterization of aorta" code spanning all aortic segments; the closest procedural equivalent is percutaneous transluminal device insertion into a specific aortic segment. HIG.DL.AF (descending thoracic aorta) is the best representative match, but catheterization of the aorta is a broader concept that may involve any segment (ascending, arch, abdominal), making this an inexact approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="307275001"/>
<display value="Caustic applied locally"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AH"/>
<display value="Topical application of pharmacotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZA.DB.AH is the closest ICHI concept for a locally applied chemical agent, as ICHI has no specific code for caustic/escharotic substances applied topically. The ICHI code frames this as pharmacotherapy administration rather than a destructive/caustic intervention, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="61844004"/>
<display value="Cauterization of external ear"/>
<target>
<code value="CAC.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of auricle of ear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no destruction code for the external ear as a whole; the closest available code targets only the auricle, which is a subpart of the external ear (the external auditory canal is excluded). Cauterization is a form of destruction, so the action axis aligns, but the target is more restricted than the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="25935009"/>
<display value="Cauterization of palate"/>
<target>
<code value="KAS.GA.AC"/>
<display value="Destruction of soft palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SNOMED "palate" is anatomically unspecified (could be soft or hard palate), whereas ICHI requires a choice between soft palate (KAS.GA.AC) and hard palate (KAT.GA.AA); soft palate is the most common site for cauterization procedures clinically. Cauterization as a specific form of destruction is also not captured in the means axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="15593007"/>
<display value="Cauterization of pharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SNOMED "pharynx" is generic and encompasses nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, while ICHI lacks a generic pharynx destruction code and requires commitment to a specific subdivision; oropharynx is the most common clinical site for pharyngeal cauterization. Cauterization as a specific modality of destruction is also not captured in the means axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="30583008"/>
<display value="Cauterization of urethra"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of urethra"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NAM.GA.AA captures destruction of urethral tissue by open approach, which aligns well with cauterisation of the urethra, but the SNOMED concept implies destruction of the urethra itself (e.g. urethral stricture treatment) whereas the ICHI title specifies a lesion or tissue rather than the urethra as a whole, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1966005"/>
<display value="Central block anesthesia"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.DC.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Central (neuraxial) block anaesthesia encompasses both spinal and epidural techniques, and ABG.DC.AE captures injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (the defining action). However, the ICHI code does not fully distinguish subarachnoid (spinal) from epidural injections, and "central block" could also cover caudal approaches."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233527006"/>
<display value="Central venous cannula insertion"/>
<target>
<code value="IBD.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into vein of head and neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Central venous cannulation is most commonly performed via internal jugular or subclavian veins (head/neck block), making IBD.DL.AF the closest single ICHI code. However, the SNOMED concept is site-agnostic (also covers subclavian, femoral, and PICC routes), so no single ICHI code captures all CVC insertion sites."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229316007"/>
<display value="Cervical traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MBA.PB.AH"/>
<display value="Mobilisation of cervical spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated traction code; cervical traction (sustained longitudinal distraction) is a distinct technique from mobilisation (low-velocity oscillatory movement), but both are conservative non-surgical interventions on the cervical spine, making mobilisation the closest available code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="85208002"/>
<display value="Change in bone length of scapula"/>
<target>
<code value="MDB.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Osteotomy of bone of shoulder region"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for scapular bone length change (lengthening/shortening); osteotomy of the shoulder region is the closest procedural match (the surgical technique used to alter bone length) but does not precisely convey the lengthening intent or scapula specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="723357000"/>
<display value="Chapman reflex treatment method"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.PC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Massage of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Chapman reflex technique involves sustained rotary pressure (deep massage/acupressure) applied to specific neurolymphatic reflex points; massage of soft tissue is the closest ICHI category but does not capture the osteopathic neurolymphatic specificity or reflex-point targeting."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231376008"/>
<display
value="Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of cervical vertebra"/>
<target>
<code value="MBA.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of cervical spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for chemical denervation (e.g. botulinum toxin or phenol injection targeting the medial branch nerve) of the cervical facet joint; MBA.GA.AE covers percutaneous destruction of a cervical spine lesion, which approximates the intent but does not specifically encode denervation of the facet joint or the chemical means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231378009"/>
<display
value="Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of lumbar vertebra"/>
<target>
<code value="MBM.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of lumbar spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="As with the cervical equivalent, ICHI lacks a dedicated code for chemical denervation of the lumbar facet joint; MBM.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of a lesion of the lumbar spine) is the closest structural match but does not capture the nerve-targeting or chemical nature of the intervention."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231377004"/>
<display
value="Chemical denervation of spinal facet joint of thoracic vertebra"/>
<target>
<code value="MBG.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of thoracic spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Parallel to the cervical and lumbar variants, ICHI has no thoracic facet joint denervation-specific code; MBG.GA.AE (percutaneous destruction of a lesion of the thoracic spine) is the best available approximation, though it is broader in target and does not specify the chemical/neurological mechanism."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="6370006"/>
<display value="Chemosurgery of stomach lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBF.GA.AD captures destruction of a stomach lesion and aligns with the target and action, but it specifies an endoscopic approach whereas chemosurgery of the stomach is not inherently endoscopic. The non-endoscopic equivalent (KBF.GA.AA) does not exist in ICHI, and neither code specifies chemical means, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="8087008"/>
<display value="Chiropractic application of heat"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.SD.BQ"/>
<display
value="Warming of peripheral body temperature, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZX.SD.BQ is the closest assignable ICHI code for superficial therapeutic heat application to the body, but it frames the intervention as whole-body peripheral warming rather than a targeted chiropractic heat modality applied to a specific musculoskeletal site, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="913000"/>
<display value="Chiropractic patient education"/>
<target>
<code value="MV2.PN.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Advising about movement function, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Chiropractic patient education centres on movement, posture, and musculoskeletal self-management, which aligns best with MV2.PN.ZZ (advising about movement function). The match is inexact because the ICHI code scopes only movement functions whereas chiropractic education often covers broader topics such as pain management and lifestyle, and "advising" is narrower than formal structured education."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225684002"/>
<display value="Cleaning eye"/>
<target>
<code value="BZZ.JA.AH"/>
<display value="Irrigation of eye"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for "cleaning" the eye as a nursing or hygiene intervention; BZZ.JA.AH (irrigation of eye, without incision) is the closest procedural equivalent. "Cleaning eye" may encompass broader activities beyond irrigation alone (e.g., wiping, swabbing)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274024009"/>
<display value="Clipping arterial aneurysm"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of intracranial artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Clipping of an arterial aneurysm is most commonly performed on intracranial arteries; IAA.LA.AA captures occlusion of the intracranial artery via open approach, which is the mechanism achieved by surgical clipping. ICHI does not have a dedicated aneurysm-clipping code, and the SNOMED concept is not restricted to intracranial vessels."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233042002"/>
<display value="Closed atrial fenestration"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.ML.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal closure of interatrial communication with device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Closed atrial fenestration" refers to surgical creation of a controlled opening in the atrial septum (typically as part of Fontan palliation) — the opposite direction from closure procedures. ICHI has no specific code for controlled fenestration creation; HAD.ML.AF is assigned as the closest structural match in the interatrial septum domain."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239288009"/>
<display
value="Closed reduction and internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture with Richard's cannulated hip screw"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.DN.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept combines closed reduction with percutaneous internal fixation using a specific device; MLB.DN.AE captures the percutaneous implantation of a device into the femur but does not encode the concurrent closed reduction, the proximal (trochanteric) fracture site, or the specific screw type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="281822001"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of dislocated arthroplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for reduction of a dislocated joint replacement/prosthesis; the closest is the unspecified-site closed reduction of a joint. The SNOMED concept carries the additional specificity that the dislocation is of an arthroplasty."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448762003"/>
<display
value="Closed reduction of traumatic injury of epiphyseal plate and skeletal traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures only the closed reduction component at an unspecified bone site; skeletal traction as a co-performed procedure has no corresponding combinable ICHI code, and the epiphyseal plate specificity is absent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448763008"/>
<display
value="Closed reduction of traumatic injury of epiphyseal plate with internal fixation"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI represents only the closed reduction at an unspecified bone site; internal fixation is not captured in any combinable ICHI code alongside closed reduction, and epiphyseal plate specificity is not reflected."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442087005"/>
<display
value="Closure of ventricular septal defect using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="HBD.ML.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal repair of ventricular septal defect with patch or device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HBD.ML.AF describes percutaneous transluminal repair of VSD with a patch or device, typically performed under fluoroscopic guidance; however, the ICHI code emphasises the percutaneous approach rather than the fluoroscopic guidance modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1268694003"/>
<display value="Coaching for self employment"/>
<target>
<code value="SUG.PN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Advising about engaging in remunerative employment"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Coaching" most closely aligns with advising/counselling within the remunerative employment domain, but ICHI's PN action (advising) does not precisely capture "coaching," and "self employment" is a subset of remunerative employment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="704072009"/>
<display value="Cognitive behavior therapy care management"/>
<target>
<code value="AUH.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling for higher-level cognitive functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="CBT care management involves structured psychotherapeutic work targeting cognitive and behavioural patterns; AUH.PP.ZZ captures the cognitive dimension but does not encode the behavioural component or the care-management framing, and no psychotherapy-of-higher-cognitive-functions code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231261002"/>
<display value="Combined spinal/epidural local anesthetic block"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.DC.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of anaesthetic into spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ABG.DC.AE covers injection of anaesthetic into the spinal canal (capturing the intrathecal/spinal component), but ICHI has no separate code for the epidural space injection or for the combined spinal-epidural (CSE) technique as a distinct procedure; the combined technique involves both spinal and epidural components simultaneously, making this an approximate but incomplete match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="310584006"/>
<display value="Completion of plaster from backslab"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of cast or splint, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Completion of plaster from backslab" refers to the clinical act of converting a backslab (partial cast) into a full circumferential cast; PZX.LC.AH covers application of cast or splint and is the closest available ICHI code. The match is approximate because ICHI does not distinguish between initial application and completion/conversion of a cast, and there is no specific code for backslab-to-full-cast conversion."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="399230009"/>
<display value="Constant observation"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Observation of whole person"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Observation of whole person" is the best available ICHI code for the clinical practice of continuous patient observation/watch, targeting the whole person rather than a specific body system; the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the continuous/constant nature of the observation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235385003"/>
<display value="Construction of anal neosphincter"/>
<target>
<code value="KBX.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Anal or perineal graciloplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBX.ML.AA describes the most commonly used surgical technique for constructing an anal neosphincter (graciloplasty, i.e. transposing the gracilis muscle to create a new sphincter), so it is the closest ICHI code; however, it implies a specific muscle-transposition technique whereas the SNOMED concept also covers other neosphincter methods such as implantation of an artificial sphincter device (KBX.DN.AA), making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="2002009"/>
<display
value="Construction of subcutaneous tunnel without esophageal anastomosis"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for subcutaneous tunnel creation as a standalone preparatory oesophageal procedure; KBA.ML.AA (Reconstruction of oesophagus) is the closest available code as it covers oesophageal reconstructive procedures, but it does not capture the specific technique of tunnelling without anastomosis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="183316005"/>
<display value="Continuous passive mobilization"/>
<target>
<code value="MV2.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for movement functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for continuous passive mobilization (CPM) as a device-driven technique. MV2.PG.ZZ is the closest functional equivalent within the movement block — it captures the rehabilitation intent of maintaining joint range of motion, though it does not convey the passive, machine-assisted, continuous nature of CPM."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="20185002"/>
<display value="Contrast water bath hydrotherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.ZZ.BS"/>
<display
value="Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Contrast water bath hydrotherapy" involves alternating hot and cold water immersions, which is a form of therapeutic hydrotherapy with full body or limb immersion; PZA.ZZ.BS is the closest available code, but it does not specify the contrast (alternating temperature) technique, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231078002"/>
<display value="Convulsive therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.SC.BP"/>
<display value="Stimulation of the brain using electric fields"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AAA.SC.BP covers electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as the primary real-world referent of "stimulation of the brain using electric fields," and ECT is the dominant form of convulsive therapy; however, the SNOMED term "convulsive therapy" is slightly broader (it can include non-electrical induction methods such as chemical convulsive therapy)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1156697002"/>
<display value="Coordination of medication regime"/>
<target>
<code value="UAC.TD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Collaboration relating to medications"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Collaboration relating to medications" is the closest ICHI match to coordinating a medication regime; the ICHI code emphasises inter-party collaboration around medications rather than the act of coordinating and reconciling a specific drug regimen, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1303097003"/>
<display value="Coordination of resources to address homelessness"/>
<target>
<code value="UEE.VO.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Marshalling health services or health-related services in relation to housing services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Marshalling health services in relation to housing services" is the closest ICHI code — marshalling conveys resource coordination toward housing — but it targets the housing services system broadly and does not specifically address homelessness, making it an approximate match rather than an equivalent one."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1332356006"/>
<display
value="Coordination of resources to address housing insecurity"/>
<target>
<code value="UEE.VO.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Marshalling health services or health-related services in relation to housing services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="As with homelessness, "Marshalling health services in relation to housing services" is the best available ICHI code for resource coordination targeting housing insecurity; the ICHI code is framed around the housing services system broadly (not the insecurity/precarity dimension specifically)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="180166005"/>
<display value="Correction of complex craniofacial deformity"/>
<target>
<code value="MAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Cranial osteoplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cranial osteoplasty captures the reconstructive cranial bone remodelling central to craniofacial deformity correction, but the SNOMED concept specifically describes a complex combined procedure involving both cranial and facial structures; ICHI has no single code spanning both."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239608001"/>
<display value="Correction of complicated syndactyly"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.FC.AA"/>
<display
value="Release of scar or web contracture of skin, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Syndactyly correction primarily involves releasing the cutaneous web between fused digits, which aligns with "release of web contracture of skin"; however, complicated syndactyly often also involves bony fusion and the ICHI code is classified under integumentary NEC rather than specific to the hand or digit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="428515000"/>
<display value="Correction of congenital deformity of heart"/>
<target>
<code value="HZM.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HZM.ML.AA covers reconstruction of complex congenital heart malformations not elsewhere classified, which aligns with correcting a congenital cardiac deformity; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (any congenital heart deformity), while this ICHI code specifically implies complex malformations."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="23928003"/>
<display value="Costochondrectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="MCB.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial ostectomy of rib or sternum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Costochondrectomy is excision of costal cartilage at the osteocartilaginous junction of the rib; ICHI classifies this region under bone of the thoracic cage with no separate costal cartilage excision code. Partial ostectomy of rib or sternum is the closest structural match, though it refers to bone rather than cartilage specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446683008"/>
<display value="Craniotomy and decompression of brain"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Intracranial release"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The defining clinical intent is intracranial decompression, aligning most closely with AAA.FC.AA (Intracranial release); the craniotomy access component is not separately captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446848007"/>
<display value="Craniotomy and evacuation of blood clot"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Evacuation of an intracranial blood clot via craniotomy is best represented by Drainage of brain, which covers drainage/evacuation of fluid or blood; the craniotomy access is not encoded separately and the ICHI code does not specify blood clot."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="447107001"/>
<display value="Craniotomy and excision of neoplasm of brain"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The primary purpose is excision of a brain neoplasm, mapping to local excision of a lesion of brain. This is the best available ICHI code for focal brain tumour removal, though it does not encode the craniotomy access or specify neoplasm."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1290221003"/>
<display value="Creation of conjunctival flap"/>
<target>
<code value="BBA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of conjunctiva"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "conjunctival flap" code; BBA.MK.AA (Repair of conjunctiva) is the best available match because a conjunctival flap is a tissue-mobilisation technique used for conjunctival repair, but the ICHI code is more generic and does not capture the flap-creation nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699796007"/>
<display value="Creation of cystoperitoneal shunt"/>
<target>
<code value="AAE.LI.AA"/>
<display value="Ventricular shunt"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A cystoperitoneal shunt drains an intracranial cyst (most commonly an arachnoid cyst) into the peritoneal cavity; ICHI has no dedicated code. AAE.LI.AA sits in the correct brain-ventricle/CSF-space section and uses the same LI shunt-creation action axis, but targets the cerebral ventricles rather than a cyst and does not specify the peritoneal destination."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31890001"/>
<display value="Crown lengthening, hard and soft tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="KAG.JJ.AC"/>
<display value="Partial excision of gingiva"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Crown lengthening combines gingivectomy with osseous recontouring of alveolar bone; KAG.JJ.AC captures the gingival excision component but ICHI has no code encompassing the combined hard-and-soft-tissue procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="33831009"/>
<display value="Cryotherapy of corneal lesion to reshape cornea"/>
<target>
<code value="BBB.GA.AH"/>
<display value="Destruction of corneal lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code captures destruction of a corneal lesion, but the SNOMED concept has a specific refractive/reshaping intent that is not reflected in the ICHI code; the distinct therapeutic goal makes this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="764581000"/>
<display value="CT nephrostography"/>
<target>
<code value="NAB.BA.BB"/>
<display value="Pyelogram"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both procedures are contrast imaging studies of the renal collecting system, but ICHI's pyelogram does not specify CT modality and does not capture the nephrostomy-tube route of contrast delivery."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="59696004"/>
<display value="Curettage of cerebral meninges"/>
<target>
<code value="AAC.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no debridement code for cerebral meninges; curettage of the cerebral meninges most commonly implies removal of a discrete lesion, but curettage implies a scraping technique while JI denotes local excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="90155002"/>
<display
value="Curettage of corneal epithelium with chemocauterization"/>
<target>
<code value="BBB.GA.AH"/>
<display value="Destruction of corneal lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept combines epithelial curettage (mechanical removal) and chemocauterization (chemical destruction); BBB.GA.AH captures the destructive intent but does not distinguish the combination technique or the specific corneal epithelium target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="61829000"/>
<display value="Curettage of muscle"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of muscle of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Curettage of muscle is functionally equivalent to local removal of muscle tissue; however, curettage is a specific scraping technique rather than a straightforward excision, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="78117000"/>
<display value="Curettage of peripheral nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Debridement of peripheral nerve is the closest ICHI action for curettage of a nerve — both involve mechanical removal of tissue — but debridement is broader than curettage alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="43562001"/>
<display value="Curettage of tendon"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code refers specifically to the tendon sheath rather than the tendon proper, and local excision is a broader action concept than curettage."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112702003"/>
<display value="Curettage of tendon sheath"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Curettage of a tendon sheath is a debulking/scraping procedure targeting sheath pathology; "local excision of lesion" is the closest available ICHI code at an unspecified body site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="89609005"/>
<display value="Curettage of tendon sheath of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The body-site axis aligns well, but "local excision" does not fully capture the curettage technique; this is the most specific available ICHI code despite the action-axis mismatch."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229817009"/>
<display value="Curettage of verrucae pedis"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Curettage of plantar warts is a destructive skin procedure aligning with the destruction action axis; however the foot/lower-limb specificity is lost and the specific target (verrucae) is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="52426000"/>
<display value="Cystostomy with insertion of ureteral catheter"/>
<target>
<code value="NAE.LH.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ureteral target and device-insertion action align, but the approach (open cystostomy vs. endoscopic) and the absence of a dilatation component in the SNOMED concept make this approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14826006"/>
<display
value="Cystourethroscopy with insertion of radioactive substance"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.DL.AD"/>
<display value="Insertion of device into urinary bladder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for endoscopic insertion of a radioactive substance into the bladder; this captures the insertion action and bladder target but does not reflect the radioactive nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="84042007"/>
<display
value="Cystourethroscopy with resection of external sphincter of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.FA.AD"/>
<display value="Closed urethrotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for transurethral resection of the external urethral sphincter; "Closed urethrotomy" is the closest available concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="387598008"/>
<display value="Cystourethroscopy with ureteral catheterization"/>
<target>
<code value="NAE.LH.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no standalone code for transurethral ureteral catheterization; the closest covers endoscopic ureteric device insertion, though the dilatation component is not part of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="43691007"/>
<display
value="Cytopathology, review of slides and report, genital source, by physician"/>
<target>
<code value="NMF.AH.XH"/>
<display value="Cervical papanicolaou smear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMF.AH.XH is anatomically specific to cervix and does not capture standalone slide review by a physician."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="104162002"/>
<display
value="Cytopathology, screening of smear, Bethesda System, genital source, by cytotechnologist"/>
<target>
<code value="NMF.AH.XH"/>
<display value="Cervical papanicolaou smear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest genital cytology code; ICHI does not encode the Bethesda reporting system or cytotechnologist role."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="57242004"/>
<display
value="Cytopathology, screening of smear, routine, genital source, by cytotechnologist"/>
<target>
<code value="NMF.AH.XH"/>
<display value="Cervical papanicolaou smear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest available code for routine genital smear screening; ICHI does not differentiate routine status or performer role."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443373005"/>
<display value="Debridement by high pressure irrigation"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JA.AH"/>
<display
value="Irrigation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Captures the irrigation action on skin/subcutaneous tissue but does not encode the high-pressure modality or debridement intent fully."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31746001"/>
<display value="Debridement of cerebral meninges"/>
<target>
<code value="AAC.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of cerebral meninges"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The cerebral meninges block has no debridement code; local excision of a lesion is the nearest action."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172410004"/>
<display value="Debridement of corneal lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="BBB.GA.AH"/>
<display value="Destruction of corneal lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No corneal debridement (JG) code exists; destruction of corneal lesion is the closest functional correlate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="726049001"/>
<display value="Debridement of mediastinum"/>
<target>
<code value="JCH.JG.AB"/>
<display value="Thoracoscopic debridement of thoracic cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No mediastinum debridement code exists; the closest thoracic-cavity code differs in target and specifies a thoracoscopic approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="10525007"/>
<display value="Decompression of fingers, injection injury"/>
<target>
<code value="MGL.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest match for fascial compartment release; does not capture the injection injury aetiology."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178674000"/>
<display value="Decompression of fracture of spine"/>
<target>
<code value="ABA.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of spinal cord"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest match for spinal decompression; does not capture the fracture aetiology."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302128004"/>
<display value="Decompression of thoracic spine"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest match for spinal decompression; does not specify the thoracic level."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363053000"/>
<display value="Decompressive incision of nervous system"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Intracranial release"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No single ICHI code covers decompressive incision across the whole nervous system; intracranial release captures the dominant clinical intent but only for the intracranial compartment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="68731005"/>
<display value="Decortication of cerebral meninges"/>
<target>
<code value="AAC.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of cerebral meninges"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Decortication strips the thickened/adherent meningeal layer (functionally a partial excision); the ICHI code does not explicitly encode the decortication concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="177784006"/>
<display value="Decortication of lung"/>
<target>
<code value="JCA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of pleura"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Lung decortication strips the fibrous pleural peel from the lung surface; partial excision of pleura is the closest match but does not capture the full cortical/pleural strip."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="36101009"/>
<display value="Deep incision with opening of bone cortex of elbow"/>
<target>
<code value="MEB.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Osteotomy of humerus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single elbow-bone code; the humerus is the primary elbow bone but osteotomy implies a through-cut rather than cortical fenestration specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386256003"/>
<display value="Delusion management"/>
<target>
<code value="AUF.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling for thought functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Delusions are a disorder of thought content, and AUF is the most precise functional target available; however, delusion management in practice encompasses pharmacotherapy, monitoring, and psychoeducation beyond counselling."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386257007"/>
<display value="Dementia management"/>
<target>
<code value="AUH.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of higher-level cognitive functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Dementia management is a broad multi-component care concept; AUH.PH.ZZ captures cognitive training/rehabilitation — a key element — but does not represent the full scope including pharmacotherapy, caregiver support, and behavioural interventions."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178055007"/>
<display value="Dermatofasciectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="MGL.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Dermatofasciectomy (classically the Dupuytren procedure) involves excision of both the palmar fascia and the overlying skin; ICHI's code captures the fascia excision at the hand/finger target but omits the skin component, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14771009"/>
<display
value="Desiccation of lesion of rectum using electrical energy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Rectal lesion desiccation using electrical energy is most commonly performed endoscopically; KBW.GA.AD specifies an endoscopic means rather than the electrical/desiccation means, while the SNOMED concept does not specify the access route, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174551004"/>
<display value="Destruction lesion of bile duct"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KCM.GA.AD is the closest ICHI code for destruction of a bile duct lesion, but it specifies endoscopic means while the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic; endoscopic is the most clinically typical route, making this the best approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="64522003"/>
<display
value="Destruction of chorioretinal lesion by implantation of radiation source"/>
<target>
<code value="BCA.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of posterior structures of eyeball by radiotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BCA.GA.BA captures radiotherapeutic destruction of the posterior eye and is the closest match, but it is broader in target (posterior structures of eyeball, not specifically chorioretina) and does not distinguish implanted/brachytherapy sources from external beam."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="88966009"/>
<display value="Destruction of intervertebral disc by injection"/>
<target>
<code value="MBV.GA.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SNOMED specifies destruction by injection (chemonucleolysis/intradiscal injection), while the closest ICHI code captures percutaneous destruction; injection-based disc destruction is not separately coded in ICHI, making this an inexact match on means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="77651002"/>
<display value="Destruction of intra-abdominal cysts"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of peritoneal tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for destruction of intra-abdominal cysts; KMA.GA.AA covers destruction of peritoneal tissue, the closest anatomical match for intra-abdominal cystic structures, but the action target is narrower (peritoneum) and the cyst-specific lesion type is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="83789005"/>
<display value="Destruction of intra-abdominal tumor"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of peritoneal tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a broad "destruction of intra-abdominal tumor" code; KMA.GA.AA is the closest residual match using the peritoneal cavity target with a destruction action, but it does not capture the tumor specificity or the full intra-abdominal scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="68671008"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of rectum by chemicals"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no means axis value specifically for chemical/caustic agents applied to the rectum; KBW.GA.AF (percutaneous approach) is the closest available code but does not capture the chemical means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239264007"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of tendon"/>
<target>
<code value="MFT.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of tendon of forearm"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses local excision rather than destruction as the action for tendon lesions, and all such codes are site-specific with no unspecified-site equivalent for tendon; MFT.JI.AA is representative of the pattern but is both action-inexact (excision vs. destruction) and site-specific (forearm), an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239272009"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of tendon sheath"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of tendon sheath of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI code targets the correct anatomical structure (tendon sheath) at an unspecified site and uses local excision of a lesion, which functionally corresponds to destruction; the action axis differs (JI = local excision vs. GA = destruction), so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="12807004"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of testis"/>
<target>
<code value="NGL.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of testis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI code targets the correct organ (testis) and scope (a discrete lesion), but uses local excision (action JI) rather than destruction (action GA); clinically these overlap substantially, but the means of achieving tissue removal differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="48659009"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion of uterus"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.GA.AB"/>
<display
value="Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No approach-unspecified destruction-of-lesion-of-uterus category exists in ICHI; this laparoscopic code is the only option that specifies lesion/tissue destruction of the uterus, but is narrowed by the laparoscopic means axis. The alternative NME.GA.AA refers to destruction of the whole uterus and supporting structures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232543008"/>
<display value="Destruction of pharyngeal lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI splits the pharynx into nasopharynx (JAM) and oral pharynx (KAR), with destruction codes only present for the oral pharynx; the SNOMED concept is anatomically non-specific, so KAR.GA.AA covers the most common site but excludes nasopharyngeal procedures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="278295001"/>
<display value="Destruction of pleural lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="JCA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of pleura"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code titled "destruction of pleural lesion"; JCA.JI.AA is the closest available code and covers the same anatomical target and lesion focus, but the action axis differs (JI = local excision vs. GA = destruction)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72540001"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure of abdominal artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a generic "destructive procedure of artery" — occlusion is the closest procedural equivalent to vascular destruction; the ICHI code also covers pelvic arteries, slightly broader in anatomical scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="39312001"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Partial occlusion of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI segments the aorta by anatomical portion with no single code for the entire aorta; the abdominal aorta occlusion code is the closest available match, but it is narrower in target anatomical scope and "partial occlusion" is a specific procedural qualifier."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46593005"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure of artery of extremity"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No single ICHI code covers both upper and lower extremity arteries together; the NEC artery occlusion code is the best available residual match, but is broader than extremity-specific scope and "occlusion" is only an approximate equivalent for "destructive procedure.""/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14086008"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure of artery of lower extremity"/>
<target>
<code value="IFA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of artery of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The target anatomy aligns well, but "occlusion" captures only one specific form of vascular destruction (ligation/embolisation) rather than the full range implied by the SNOMED "destructive procedure" parent concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449924003"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure on lower leg"/>
<target>
<code value="LAG.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated destruction code for lower leg musculoskeletal structures; the closest available category covers destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, which is narrower in tissue scope (skin/subcut only) and wider in anatomical extent (whole lower limb rather than lower leg specifically). No better match exists in ICHI for a general destructive procedure on the lower leg."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="20470003"/>
<display value="Destructive procedure on thyroid gland"/>
<target>
<code value="EBA.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of thyroid gland by radiotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has three thyroid destruction codes but all specify a means — radiotherapy (EBA.GA.BA), radioactive iodine (EBA.GA.BE), or percutaneous approach (EBA.GA.AE) — while the SNOMED concept is a generic/unspecified destructive procedure; EBA.GA.BA is selected as the most commonly represented form, but none is a true equivalent since SNOMED leaves the means unspecified."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="250189009"/>
<display value="Detection of immunoglobulin"/>
<target>
<code value="XG58X6"/>
<display value="Immunoglobulin plasma levels"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="XG58X6 covers measurement of immunoglobulin plasma levels, which is the closest ICHI concept to detection of immunoglobulin; however, "detection" (qualitative presence/absence) differs semantically from "plasma levels" (quantitative measurement), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46258004"/>
<display
value="Determination of ventricular ejection fraction with probe technique"/>
<target>
<code value="HTB.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HTB.BA.BE "Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified" uses a radionuclide/scan-based approach (BE = radionuclide scan) on heart functions, which aligns with the probe/radionuclide technique for measuring ventricular ejection fraction (a form of cardiac output); ICHI has no dedicated code for ejection fraction measurement, and while HZZ.BA.BJ "Echocardiography" is an alternative, the "probe technique" in SNOMED more closely refers to a nuclear/radionuclide probe method rather than ultrasound, making the cardiac output scan a better approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="406168002"/>
<display value="Dialysis access maintenance"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.SN.AF"/>
<display value="Management of arteriovenous shunt"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Dialysis access maintenance encompasses maintenance of AV fistulas, AV grafts, and tunneled dialysis catheters; IZA.SN.AF specifically covers arteriovenous shunt management, which is the most common dialysis access type but does not capture catheter-based dialysis access, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="58391006"/>
<display value="Diaphragm fitting with education"/>
<target>
<code value="NMH.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of internal device of vagina"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Here "diaphragm" is the contraceptive vaginal diaphragm (a barrier device), not the thoracic muscle. NMH.DL.AC captures the device insertion component, but the SNOMED concept explicitly includes patient education/training, which is a separate action axis not represented in this single ICHI code; a compound mapping would be needed for full fidelity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182922004"/>
<display value="Dietary regime"/>
<target>
<code value="UAB.TI.ZZ"/>
<display value="Prescription of food"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A "dietary regime" refers to a structured plan governing what a person eats, which aligns most closely with the prescriptive/regulatory intent of "Prescription of food" in ICHI; however, the ICHI code implies a formal prescriptive act rather than the broader concept of an ongoing dietary pattern or regimen."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410175003"/>
<display value="Dietary regime management"/>
<target>
<code value="UAB.TI.ZZ"/>
<display value="Prescription of food"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Dietary regime management" implies active, ongoing oversight of a patient's diet, which maps closest to prescribing/ordering food in ICHI; ICHI lacks a specific code for ongoing dietary management, so this is an approximate match with the prescriptive food intervention code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="41201004"/>
<display value="Dilation of foreskin in newborn"/>
<target>
<code value="NGM.PD.AH"/>
<display value="Stretching of foreskin"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NGM.PD.AH is the closest available ICHI code and captures the same anatomical target and the manual mechanical widening of the preputial opening, but "stretching" (PD = elongation/stretching action) is not identical to dilatation, and ICHI carries no qualifier for the newborn age group."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304483004"/>
<display value="Direct current to back"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.SC.BP"/>
<display value="Iontophoresis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Direct current to back" is a form of transcutaneous DC electrotherapy; iontophoresis (LZZ.SC.BP) is the closest named ICHI code for DC-based skin/tissue stimulation, but it specifically refers to drug delivery via DC current rather than general DC stimulation to the back, and does not encode the anatomical site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304477002"/>
<display value="Direct current to trunk"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.SC.BP"/>
<display value="Iontophoresis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="As with "Direct current to back," this broader trunk-site DC electrotherapy concept maps most closely to iontophoresis (LZZ.SC.BP) as the only named DC-current skin intervention in ICHI, but the match is inexact since iontophoresis denotes drug delivery via DC current and ICHI does not encode the trunk site specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438557003"/>
<display
value="Discectomy and total lumbar disc arthroplasty using anterior approach"/>
<target>
<code value="MBN.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of lumbar spinal disc prosthesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept combines lumbar discectomy with total disc replacement via an anterior approach, which most closely aligns with MBN.DN.AA (implantation of lumbar spinal disc prosthesis — i.e., total disc arthroplasty); however, ICHI does not encode the combined discectomy-plus-arthroplasty procedure as a single code, nor does it specify the anterior approach, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46964002"/>
<display value="Diversional therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="SXC.RB.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Practical support with engaging in recreation and leisure"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The closest ICHI concept captures the supportive facilitation aspect of diversional therapy, but ICHI does not have a single code representing the professional therapy discipline as a whole; approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56463006"/>
<display value="Diverticulectomy of esophagus with myotomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Diverticulectomy of the oesophagus aligns with local excision of a lesion, but the SNOMED concept additionally specifies an accompanying myotomy that is not captured by any ICHI code in the oesophagus block."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="20330006"/>
<display value="Diverticulopexy of hypopharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no block or code specific to the hypopharynx and no pexy action exists for any pharyngeal segment; KAR.MK.AA is in an adjacent pharyngeal region with repair broadly covering structural correction, an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="85691005"/>
<display value="Diverticulopexy of hypopharynx with myotomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a hypopharynx-specific block and a pharyngeal pexy code; the additional myotomy component further widens the gap, as ICHI contains no combined diverticulopexy-with-myotomy code for this region."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173269002"/>
<display value="Division of adhesions of lip"/>
<target>
<code value="KAA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of lip"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "release of adhesions of lip" code — the release-of-adhesions (FC) action is present in pharynx, larynx, nose, and peritoneum but not in the lip block; repair of lip is the closest available code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="359537000"/>
<display
value="Division of nasolacrimal duct for stricture with drainage"/>
<target>
<code value="BAD.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of lacrimal apparatus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code specifically captures division of the nasolacrimal duct for stricture with concurrent drainage; BAD.FA.AA is the closest structural match, but the SNOMED concept adds specificity for both the indication (stricture) and the concurrent drainage component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="245002"/>
<display value="Division of nerve ganglion"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for division of a nerve ganglion; ACA.FB.AA is the closest available code as ganglia are collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. The match is imprecise because a ganglion is anatomically distinct from a nerve trunk."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449865004"/>
<display value="Division of web of larynx"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.FC.AC"/>
<display value="Release of congenital web of larynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JAN.FC.AC specifically addresses a laryngeal web, the same anatomical target, but uses "release" rather than "division" and qualifies it as congenital; the SNOMED concept is not restricted to congenital webs and the procedural action differs slightly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1172557009"/>
<display value="Donor lymphocyte apheresis"/>
<target>
<code value="DIA.JC.AF"/>
<display value="Therapeutic apheresis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Donor lymphocyte apheresis collects lymphocytes from a donor for subsequent infusion into a transplant recipient, while DIA.JC.AF is broad and framed around therapy of the patient undergoing apheresis; no more specific ICHI code for lymphocyte/donor apheresis exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702728001"/>
<display value="Drainage of bile duct using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.JB.AF"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of bile duct"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KCM.JB.AF is the closest ICHI match — fluoroscopic guidance is the standard approach for percutaneous biliary drainage — but ICHI does not encode the fluoroscopic guidance modality explicitly, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302697001"/>
<display value="Drainage of skin lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.JB.AA"/>
<display
value="Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI organises skin drainage by body region rather than offering a body-region-agnostic code; no ICHI category matches "skin lesion" generically across all sites, making this an inexact approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="307250000"/>
<display value="Drilling and exploration of bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Osteotomy of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for bone drilling or exploration as a combined procedure; osteotomy of unspecified bone is the nearest mechanical bone-disrupting intervention, but it implies deliberate bone-cutting rather than drilling-plus-exploration and does not capture the exploratory component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="15334003"/>
<display value="Drilling of femoral head"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of bone of femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for femoral head drilling (e.g., core decompression); division of bone of femur is the closest mechanical bone-disrupting procedure on the femur but does not distinguish the femoral head as the site nor the drilling technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="720177001"/>
<display value="Drug relapse prevention program"/>
<target>
<code value="VAC.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display value="Psychotherapy for illicit drug use behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Relapse prevention programs are primarily structured psychotherapeutic interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioural relapse prevention therapy); VAC.PQ.ZZ is the closest single ICHI category but does not specifically capture the relapse prevention goal."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1177191006"/>
<display value="Duplex ultrasonography"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.BA.BJ"/>
<display
value="Ultrasound of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Duplex ultrasonography is a specific vascular ultrasound technique combining B-mode imaging with Doppler flow analysis; ICHI has no code explicitly for duplex scanning and does not distinguish duplex from other ultrasound modalities, making any vascular ultrasound code an approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410243008"/>
<display value="Ear wax removal management"/>
<target>
<code value="CAE.JA.AC"/>
<display value="Irrigation of external auditory canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ear wax removal is most commonly performed by irrigation (syringing), making this the closest procedural match, but the SNOMED concept denotes a management/care pathway rather than a specific procedure; other techniques (microsuction, dry instrumentation) are also covered by SNOMED but not by this code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="75771002"/>
<display
value="Ear, nose and throat examination under general anesthesia"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.AE.AH"/>
<display
value="Physical examination of a body site, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no code combining ENT examination with general anaesthesia; PZX.AE.AH is the closest available code covering a physical examination of an unspecified body site, but it does not capture the ENT scope or the general anaesthesia means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="865967000"/>
<display value="Early psychological support for critically ill"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code combining psychological support with the critically ill context; PZB.PQ.ZZ captures whole-person psychotherapy and is the closest representation, but it does not specify the acute/critical illness setting or the "early" intervention timing."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="313076000"/>
<display value="Eating disorder counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="VEA.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling about eating behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VEA.PP.ZZ maps counselling to the eating behaviours domain, which is the closest ICHI equivalent, but ICHI frames this as intervention on a "behaviour" rather than a clinical eating disorder, so there is a conceptual mismatch in the target population."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710826007"/>
<display
value="Education about adaptation techniques for sensory deficit"/>
<target>
<code value="AV2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about additional sensory functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for education about adaptation techniques for sensory deficits; AV2.PM.ZZ is the closest approximation but addresses education about sensory function rather than practical adaptation strategies."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710982008"/>
<display value="Education about administration of blood product"/>
<target>
<code value="UAC.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about medications"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a specific code for education about blood product administration; UAC.PM.ZZ (education about medications) is the closest, but blood products are distinct from medications and the SNOMED concept targets a procedural skill rather than pharmacological knowledge."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1300114009"/>
<display value="Education about basic skills training program"/>
<target>
<code value="SM1.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about self care, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for education about a basic skills training program; SM1.PM.ZZ is the closest available match as such programs commonly target self-care, but the SNOMED concept may encompass broader skills (cognitive, motor, social)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="429785003"/>
<display value="Education about cardiovascular disease"/>
<target>
<code value="HT2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HT2.PM.ZZ addresses education about cardiovascular system functions, while the SNOMED concept refers to cardiovascular disease broadly (encompassing pathology, risk factors, and prevention); the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="651141000124102"/>
<display value="Education about intimate partner violence service"/>
<target>
<code value="VBB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education to influence family and partner violence behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VBB.PM.ZZ targets education about family and partner violence behaviours, which overlaps substantially with intimate partner violence, but the SNOMED concept specifically refers to education about an available service (informing patients of service existence/access) rather than education aimed at changing violence-related behaviours."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710519004"/>
<display value="Education about transfer technique"/>
<target>
<code value="SHG.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about transferring oneself"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Transfer technique" in rehabilitation refers to the methods and procedures for moving (transferring) a person, and SHG.PM.ZZ covers education about transferring oneself as an activity. The ICHI code is oriented around the activity of self-transfer rather than the technique of performing a transfer (which may involve a caregiver), making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="236988000"/>
<display value="Elective cesarean hysterectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.JK.AA"/>
<display
value="Total abdominal hysterectomy, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined caesarean-hysterectomy code; the defining surgical outcome of this procedure is total removal of the uterus, making NME.JK.AA the closest single code, though it omits the caesarean delivery component and the "elective" qualifier is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1306775004"/>
<display value="Electrocoagulation of aneurysm of cerebral artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of intracranial artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specific to electrocoagulation of a cerebral artery aneurysm; the intracranial artery block contains no dedicated aneurysm-obliteration code. IAA.LA.AA (open occlusion of intracranial artery) is the closest available concept, as electrocoagulation of an aneurysm achieves occlusion via an open approach, but the match is approximate because the ICHI code targets the parent artery rather than an aneurysm specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169430000"/>
<display value="Electrotherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="MU2.SC.BP"/>
<display
value="Electrical stimulation of muscle functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Electrotherapy is a broad rehabilitation modality encompassing multiple ICHI codes (e.g. AXA.SC.BP for pain, MVG.SC.BP for gait, MU2.SC.BP for muscle function); no single ICHI code captures the full scope, making MU2.SC.BP the closest but still an approximate match covering only the muscle-stimulation dimension."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="76372001"/>
<display value="Embolectomy of abdominal artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific embolectomy code for the abdominal artery; IEA.JE.AA (endarterectomy — open surgical removal of arterial obstruction) is the closest open surgical artery-clearance procedure, but endarterectomy targets atherosclerotic plaque while embolectomy targets an embolus, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="73038007"/>
<display value="Embolectomy of lower limb artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IFA.JE.AA"/>
<display value="Endarterectomy of artery of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "extraction of obstruction" code specifically for the lower limb artery (unlike coronary or cerebral arteries), so IFA.JE.AA is the closest anatomically specific code — it correctly targets the artery of the lower limb but uses the JE action (endarterectomy, removal of atheromatous material) rather than embolectomy (removal of an embolic clot), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31793008"/>
<display value="Embolization of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.LA.AF"/>
<display value="Percutaneous transluminal occlusion of aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HIH.LA.AF is the closest available code for endovascular occlusion/embolisation of the aorta, but it is restricted to the abdominal aorta segment and specifies percutaneous transluminal means, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to the aorta generically without segment or approach constraints."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448862005"/>
<display value="Embolization of carotid cavernous fistula"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.LA.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A carotid cavernous fistula is an abnormal arteriovenous communication involving the intracranial carotid artery and cavernous sinus; endovascular embolisation is the standard treatment and IAA.LA.AF is the closest structural match, but ICHI has no fistula-specific code and this code does not capture the venous/fistulous nature of the target, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175297006"/>
<display value="Emergency replacement of aneurysmal segment of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Aortic aneurysm repair most commonly involves the abdominal aorta and "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta" is the closest single ICHI code, but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified (the aneurysmal segment could be thoracic, thoracoabdominal, or abdominal). ICHI has separate reconstruction codes for each aortic segment (ascending HIF.ML.AA, thoracic descending HIG.ML.AA, abdominal HIH.ML.AA), so no single code is a reliable match without knowing the specific segment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385867000"/>
<display value="Emergency treatment education"/>
<target>
<code value="SMH.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education in looking after one's health"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for emergency treatment education; SMH.PM.ZZ (Education in looking after one's health) is the closest available concept covering patient education about managing one's own health, which partially overlaps with teaching emergency treatment procedures. The match is approximate because ICHI's code is focused on general health self-management rather than emergency response or emergency care procedures specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385725001"/>
<display value="Emotional support assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="AUD.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of emotional functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AUD.AA.ZZ represents assessment of emotional functions, which is the closest structural match for assessing a patient's need for or response to emotional support; however, SNOMED's concept refers specifically to assessing the provision of emotional support (a care process measure) rather than the underlying emotional function itself, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385727009"/>
<display value="Emotional support management"/>
<target>
<code value="AUD.RC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Emotional support for emotional functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AUD.RC.ZZ specifically codes emotional support delivered targeting emotional functions, which is the closest available ICHI equivalent; however, the SNOMED concept is a broader management/care-planning process for emotional support without restriction to emotional functions as the target domain, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="170809008"/>
<display value="Endocrine disorder monitoring"/>
<target>
<code value="ETK.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of endocrine gland functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI frames this as assessment of endocrine gland functions (a functional evaluation), while the SNOMED concept denotes ongoing clinical monitoring of an endocrine disorder; the concepts overlap substantially but differ in that ICHI does not capture the longitudinal/disease-monitoring intent of the SNOMED term."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="176869003"/>
<display value="Endoscopic cauterization of lesion of uterus"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.GA.AB"/>
<display
value="Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no hysteroscopic or endoscopic cauterization of uterine lesion code; NME.GA.AB covers laparoscopic destruction of uterine lesion, which is the closest available option but specifies laparoscopic rather than endoscopic (hysteroscopic) means, making it an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1332046003"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of small intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.GA.AA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic hemostasis code for the small intestine (NEC); coagulation is a form of tissue destruction, making KBK.GA.AA the closest available concept, but this code lacks the endoscopic approach specifier and frames the act as lesion destruction rather than hemorrhage control."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="698410009"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic control of esophageal hemorrhage using thermocoagulation"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for endoscopic esophageal hemorrhage control or thermocoagulation; thermocoagulation achieves hemostasis through tissue destruction, making KBA.GA.AD the closest available concept, but it is framed as lesion/tissue destruction rather than hemorrhage control and does not encode the thermocoagulation means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="698959000"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic control of small intestine bleeding by clipping"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.DL.AC"/>
<display
value="Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no endoscopic hemostasis code for small intestine (NEC); deploying a hemostatic clip endoscopically is mechanistically a per-orifice device insertion, making KBK.DL.AC the closest structural match, but it does not encode the hemostatic intent or the clipping means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287932001"/>
<display value="Endoscopic crushing of bilateral fallopian tubes"/>
<target>
<code value="NMC.LA.AD"/>
<display value="Hysteroscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Crushing of the fallopian tubes is a method of achieving tubal occlusion, and hysteroscopy is an endoscopic approach, making this a close functional match. However, ICHI does not distinguish the occlusion mechanism (crushing vs. clipping vs. banding), and "bilateral" is not explicit in the ICHI title, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="264971004"/>
<display value="Endoscopic division of adhesions of peritoneum"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.FC.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic release of peritoneal adhesions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated endoscopic (non-laparoscopic) release of peritoneal adhesions code; the laparoscopic code is the closest procedural analogue since laparoscopy is the primary endoscopic route for peritoneal adhesiolysis, but the approach axis differs from the SNOMED concept's endoscopic specification."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1370892002"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic division of pharyngoesophageal diverticulum"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.FA.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic incision of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy involves endoscopic incision/division at the pharyngoesophageal junction, which aligns best with the endoscopic incision of oesophagus code; however, the ICHI code is broader (covers any oesophageal incision) and does not capture the pharyngeal or diverticular specificity of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="78133002"/>
<display value="Endoscopic excision of lesion of large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.JI.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept targets the large intestine broadly (colon and rectum), whereas KBP.JI.AD covers only the colon; a parallel rectal code (KBW.JI.AD) also exists, meaning neither alone is an exact match for the combined "large intestine" scope, making this an approximate fit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="704100003"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic extraction of calculus of urinary tract proper"/>
<target>
<code value="NAA.JE.AB"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous endoscopic extraction of calculus from kidney"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept covers endoscopic calculus extraction across the entire urinary tract proper, while ICHI has only site-specific codes (kidney, ureter, urethra). No single ICHI code maps the whole tract; NAA.JE.AB is the closest structural match but covers only one site, making this an approximate mapping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179861004"/>
<display value="Endoscopic fixation of lesion of articular cartilage"/>
<target>
<code value="MMC.MK.AB"/>
<display value="Arthroscopic repair of cartilage of knee"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "articular cartilage fixation" code spanning joints; arthroscopic cartilage repair of the knee is the closest structural analogue, but the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified and uses "fixation of lesion" rather than repair. Equivalent site-unspecified or fixation-specific cartilage codes are absent from ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="870423007"/>
<display value="Endoscopic full thickness resection"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.JI.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no EFTR-specific code and no site-neutral GI full-thickness resection category; endoscopic local excision of lesion of colon represents the closest procedural concept but is limited to the colon and does not distinguish full-thickness from mucosal/submucosal resection."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443282002"/>
<display value="Endoscopic incision of subglottic cyst"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.JB.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic drainage of larynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for endoscopic incision of a subglottic cyst; the closest available code is endoscopic drainage of larynx, which shares the endoscopic approach and the clinical intent of decompressing/draining a cyst in the laryngeal region, but uses drainage rather than incision as the action and does not specify the subglottic site or cyst morphology."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175951002"/>
<display value="Endoscopic ultrasound fragmentation of renal calculus"/>
<target>
<code value="NAA.GA.BJ"/>
<display value="Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the kidney"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both procedures aim to fragment a renal calculus, but NAA.GA.BJ specifies extracorporeal shockwave delivery rather than the endoscopic ultrasound energy modality of the SNOMED concept. Target and intent align, but the means axis does not match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="61124007"/>
<display value="Endoscopy of integument"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AE.AH"/>
<display
value="Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no dedicated endoscopy-of-skin code; LZZ.AE.AH represents inspection of the integumentary system (skin and subcutaneous tissue), which is the closest functional equivalent, but it does not specify an endoscopic approach and uses the broader Action axis value "AE" (inspection) rather than a dedicated endoscopy action, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1174027007"/>
<display value="Endoscopy of lower gastrointestinal tract"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.AE.AD"/>
<display value="Colonoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single code for "endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract" as a whole; colonoscopy (KBP.AE.AD) is the most representative procedure for that anatomical region, but the SNOMED concept also encompasses sigmoidoscopy (KBU.AE.AD), rectoscopy (KBW.AE.AD), and other lower GI endoscopic procedures, making colonoscopy only an approximate match for the broader category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440667003"/>
<display value="Endoscopy of nasal sinus with dacryocystorhinostomy"/>
<target>
<code value="BAD.LI.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's BAD.LI.AD captures the endoscopic DCR component precisely, but does not encode the concurrent nasal sinus endoscopy component of the SNOMED concept. No single ICHI code covers this combined procedure, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1209099008"/>
<display value="Endoscopy of nose and nasal sinuses"/>
<target>
<code value="JAE.AE.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopy of paranasal sinus, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates nose endoscopy (JAA.AE.AD — Rhinoscopy) from paranasal sinus endoscopy (JAE.AE.AD); no single ICHI code covers both targets simultaneously. JAE.AE.AD is selected as the closest match for the sinus component, but the nasal component is not captured, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446739005"/>
<display
value="Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and banding of varix of esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.LA.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for endoscopic variceal band ligation of the oesophagus; KBA.LA.AD (endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus) captures the endoscopic approach and the occlusive action but is not restricted to varices and does not specify banding as the technique, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446743009"/>
<display
value="Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and banding of varix of stomach"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of gastric varices"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBF.LA.AA names gastric varices as the target and occlusion as the action, closely matching the SNOMED concept's intent, but the means axis does not specify the endoscopic approach or the banding technique, and no endoscopic-specific gastric varix code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446013001"/>
<display
value="Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and dilation of cardiac sphincter"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.LG.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The cardiac sphincter (lower oesophageal sphincter) sits at the gastroesophageal junction; ICHI has no dilatation code for the GEJ or cardia specifically, and the nearest code — endoscopic dilatation of oesophagus — captures the endoscopic approach and dilatation action but maps to oesophagus rather than the sphincter itself."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446332003"/>
<display
value="Endoscopy of upper gastrointestinal tract and insertion of esophageal stent"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.LH.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of oesophageal prosthesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This code covers endoscopic insertion of an oesophageal prosthesis (stent), which aligns well with the SNOMED concept. However, the ICHI code implies dilatation as part of the procedure, while the SNOMED concept describes stent insertion alone; this makes the match inexact rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229912004"/>
<display value="Enteral feeding"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DA.AC"/>
<display value="Intracavity administration of nutritional substance"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "enteral feeding" code; PZA.DA.AC covers intracavity (i.e., into a body cavity, including the GI tract) administration of a nutritional substance, which is the closest structural match for tube-based enteral feeding, but the ICHI term is not specific to the enteral route and the concept boundary differs meaningfully."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="58492003"/>
<display value="Enucleation of cyst of subcutaneous tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Enucleation of a subcutaneous cyst corresponds to local excision (JI action) of skin and subcutaneous tissue, and the tissue type matches well, but the SNOMED concept is body-site unspecified while ICHI requires a specific regional target (trunk); no unspecified-site skin/subcutaneous local excision code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173338004"/>
<display value="Enucleation of dental cyst of jaw"/>
<target>
<code value="MAG.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of mandible"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI splits jaw interventions into mandible (MAG) and maxilla (MAF) with no single "jaw unspecified" excision code, and neither bone-specific code captures the dental/odontogenic origin of the cyst; MAG.JI.AA is chosen as the most representative option given mandible is the more common site for dental cysts."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="8929007"/>
<display value="Esophagogastropexy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Gastropexy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Esophagogastropexy is fixation of the oesophagus to the stomach, whereas KBF.LC.AA (Gastropexy) codes only the fixation of the stomach without the oesophageal component; there is no oesophageal pexy code in the oesophagus block (KBA), making this an approximate but not equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31852007"/>
<display value="Eustachian tuboplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="CBH.LG.AC"/>
<display value="Dilatation of eustachian tube"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Eustachian tuboplasty (balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube) is best captured by "Dilatation of eustachian tube," as balloon tuboplasty is the primary modern technique. However, "tuboplasty" can also refer to reconstructive/surgical procedures beyond simple dilation, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448597003"/>
<display value="Evacuation of blood clot of pelvis"/>
<target>
<code value="PAK.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Abdominal drainage"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific pelvic hematoma evacuation code; PAK.JB.AA (Abdominal drainage) is the closest topographical match for drainage/evacuation of fluid/clot content in the abdominal-pelvic region, but it is both broader in anatomical scope and does not specify blood clot removal, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="389033000"/>
<display value="Evacuation of clot retention"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.JA.AB"/>
<display value="Endoscopic irrigation of bladder clots"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Clot retention is a urological emergency where blood clots obstruct the bladder and are cleared by endoscopic irrigation — NAI.JA.AB is the most specific ICHI code for this procedure. The match is inexact rather than equivalent because the SNOMED term uses "evacuation" and is site-unspecified on its face, while the ICHI code specifies both the endoscopic means and the bladder target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="370796004"/>
<display
value="Evaluation for signs and symptoms of physical injury to skin and tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AE.AH"/>
<display
value="Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Inspection of skin and subcutaneous tissue closely corresponds to evaluating for signs of physical injury to skin and tissue; however, the ICHI code is not injury-specific and does not reference the purpose of inspection, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="164772003"/>
<display value="Examination of larynx"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.AE.AC"/>
<display value="Laryngoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Laryngoscopy (JAN.AE.AC) is the standard clinical method for examining the larynx, and the means axis indicates an endoscopic/scope approach, making it slightly more specific in technique than the generic SNOMED "examination of larynx" which would include indirect mirror examination and external palpation; the match is close but not exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312695002"/>
<display value="Excision of anal fissure and island flap closure"/>
<target>
<code value="KBX.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of anus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures the excision component (local excision of lesion of anus) but does not represent the island flap closure component of this combined procedure; the flap reconstruction is a distinct action that would require an extension code or a second code. The match is therefore approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1303633002"/>
<display value="Excision of aneurysmal bone cyst"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An aneurysmal bone cyst is a specific type of bone lesion, and "local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site" captures the procedure type and target organ correctly. The match is inexact because the SNOMED concept is site-unspecified by nature (cysts can occur in any bone) and ICHI does not differentiate by cyst subtype, making this the best available but not semantically exact mapping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1340055008"/>
<display value="Excision of benign glomus tumor in neck"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Glomus tumors of the neck are deep neuroendocrine/vascular tumors (paragangliomas), not skin lesions; ICHI lacks a specific code. LAA.JI.AA captures the anatomical region but misrepresents the tissue type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="53103008"/>
<display value="Excision of cervical lymph nodes group"/>
<target>
<code value="DFB.JL.AA"/>
<display value="Radical neck dissection"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="DFB.JL.AA is the only ICHI code capturing en-bloc removal of multiple cervical lymph nodes; however, "radical neck dissection" implies additional resection of surrounding structures (sternocleidomastoid, IJV, spinal accessory nerve) beyond a node group excision alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="5446003"/>
<display
value="Excision of cervical rib for outlet compression syndrome with sympathectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="MCB.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total ostectomy of rib"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This compound procedure combines cervical rib excision with cervical sympathectomy (ADB.JK.AA); ICHI has no single code encoding this combination, so MCB.JK.AA captures only the dominant rib removal component and omits the sympathectomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439925004"/>
<display value="Excision of constriction ring of finger with Z plasty"/>
<target>
<code value="LAE.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures the excision component targeting upper limb skin/subcutaneous tissue but loses both the finger-level specificity and the Z-plasty reconstruction integral to this procedure; no dedicated constriction ring or Z-plasty code exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="238245008"/>
<display value="Excision of cyst of urachus"/>
<target>
<code value="PAO.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of umbilical lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated urachus target; the closest available code is local excision of umbilical lesion, which covers the anatomically adjacent umbilical region but does not specifically address the urachus or the cystic nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="657991000005104"/>
<display value="Excision of endometriosis"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NME.JI.AA is the closest single ICHI code; however, endometriosis frequently involves extra-uterine sites (ovaries, peritoneum, bowel), so the ICHI code does not represent the full anatomical scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="79772002"/>
<display
value="Excision of excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue of buttock"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.JJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Partial excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The buttock is part of the trunk region in ICHI; partial excision approximates the removal of excessive tissue. ICHI does not distinguish "excessive" tissue or specifically identify the buttock subsite."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="84994007"/>
<display
value="Excision of excessive skin and subcutaneous tissue of hip"/>
<target>
<code value="LAG.LL.AA"/>
<display
value="Reduction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The hip's skin/soft tissue falls within ICHI's lower limb skin block; "reduction" is the closest functional equivalent to excision of excessive tissue. ICHI does not offer hip-specific skin codes."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442885001"/>
<display
value="Excision of flexor tendon of finger and implantation of synthetic rod"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Tenonectomy of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MGT.JJ.AA covers the tendon excision component, but ICHI has no single code combining tenonectomy with synthetic rod implantation; the implantation component would require an additional code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="387720005"/>
<display value="Excision of fragment of bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MRB.JI.AA is the closest available ICHI code for removing a discrete piece of bone at unspecified site; "local excision of lesion" implies a pathological lesion rather than a free bone fragment, so the procedural action and target align but the clinical context differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232541005"/>
<display value="Excision of lesion of hypopharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no separate block or category for the hypopharynx; KAR.JI.AA is the closest available pharynx excision code, though oral pharynx and hypopharynx are anatomically distinct regions."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="24223006"/>
<display value="Excision of lesion of lymph structure"/>
<target>
<code value="DFZ.JJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Partial excision of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code combines "local excision of lesion" with an unspecified lymphatic structure target; DFZ.JJ.AA uses the "partial excision" action rather than lesion-specific JI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363110002"/>
<display value="Excision of lesion of musculoskeletal system"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is very broad (any musculoskeletal lesion excision). MRS.JI.AA is the closest approximation but excludes bone, joint, and tendon lesions also covered by SNOMED."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="67418003"/>
<display value="Excision of lymphangioma"/>
<target>
<code value="DFO.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of lymphatic vessel"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A lymphangioma is a benign tumour of lymphatic vessels; DFO.JI.AA is the only ICHI code in the lymphatic vessel block describing excision of a lesion, but does not specifically capture lymphangioma resection extent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1340079005"/>
<display value="Excision of malignant glomus jugulare tumor"/>
<target>
<code value="CBA.JI.AC"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of middle ear, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Glomus jugulare paraganglioma arises at the jugular foramen/skull base, frequently involving the middle ear; CBA.JI.AC captures the middle ear involvement but does not capture the broader skull base extent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450664000"/>
<display value="Excision of mass of neck"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A "mass of neck" may involve deeper structures (lymph nodes, muscle, fascia); LAA.JI.AA targets the skin/subcutaneous layer, an approximate match for the most common scenario."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="123014005"/>
<display value="Excision of pelvis"/>
<target>
<code value="MKB.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total ostectomy of pelvis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Excision of pelvis" in surgical practice refers to hemipelvectomy — removal of the bony pelvis, most closely represented by MKB.JK.AA; however, hemipelvectomy typically involves soft tissue and neurovascular structures as well, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="314126005"/>
<display value="Excision of pupillary membrane"/>
<target>
<code value="BBC.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of iris"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The pupillary membrane (persistent pupillary membrane) is a fibrous membrane overlying the pupil derived from the anterior iris stroma; BBC.JI.AA is the closest ICHI category, but the target is classified as iris rather than the distinct pupillary membrane structure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="180097006"/>
<display
value="Excision of radial digit and skeletal repair for polydactyly"/>
<target>
<code value="MGB.JN.AA"/>
<display value="Amputation of bone of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Removal of a supernumerary digit involves amputation/excision of the extra finger including its bony element; ICHI does not specifically encode polydactyly correction or the skeletal repair/reconstruction component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="71735005"/>
<display value="Excision of salivary gland"/>
<target>
<code value="KAM.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Complete sialoadenectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Excision of salivary gland" in SNOMED encompasses both partial and complete removal, while KAM.JK.AA specifically denotes complete (total) sialoadenectomy; KAM.JJ.AA (partial excision) is also available, but neither alone is an exact match to the unspecified SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446295000"/>
<display value="Excision of scar"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated scar excision code; the closest is local excision of skin and subcutaneous tissue NEC, which covers the procedure type but does not specify scar as the target tissue. LZZ.FC.AA covers scar release (contracture), not excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448363006"/>
<display value="Excision of sequestrum of phalanx"/>
<target>
<code value="MGB.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of bone of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no code for sequestrectomy (removal of necrotic bone fragment); debridement of bone of hand or finger is the closest functional equivalent for a finger phalanx, but the concept does not specify hand vs foot, and debridement is broader than targeted sequestrum excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="238241004"/>
<display value="Excision of sinus of urachus"/>
<target>
<code value="PAO.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of umbilical lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated urachal sinus excision code; a urachal sinus is an embryological remnant in the periumbilical region, and local excision of umbilical lesion is the closest anatomical and procedural match available."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178231009"/>
<display value="Excision of whole muscle group"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Excision of muscle of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI codes a site-unspecified muscle excision but does not capture the specific concept of excising an entire muscle group as a unit; the SNOMED concept implies a more radical, en-bloc resection that is not explicitly expressed in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="197076005"/>
<display value="Excisional biopsy of lacrimal gland"/>
<target>
<code value="BAD.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of lacrimal gland"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An excisional biopsy of the lacrimal gland closely approximates local excision of a lesion of the lacrimal gland, but BAD.JI.AA frames the procedure as a therapeutic lesion excision rather than a diagnostic biopsy, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410335001"/>
<display value="Exercises case management"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.TD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Case coordination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a concept combining exercises with case management as a single activity; PZB.TD.ZZ "Case coordination" is the closest match as it covers coordinating care across services, but the specific "exercises" (training/teaching) dimension is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="722442003"/>
<display value="Explanation of patient's rights"/>
<target>
<code value="SXK.PN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Advising about enjoying in human rights"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SXK.PN.ZZ covers advising a person about enjoying their human rights, the closest ICHI concept to explaining a patient's legal/ethical rights. The match is approximate because SXK targets the activity-participation domain of civic human rights broadly, whereas the SNOMED concept specifically denotes a healthcare encounter action."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="41603008"/>
<display value="Exploration of abdominal vein"/>
<target>
<code value="IED.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of abdominal or pelvic vein"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "exploration" code for abdominal or pelvic veins — the IED block contains incision, excision, occlusion, bypass, and reconstruction but no AE (exploration) action code. Incision of a vein is operationally related since surgical exploration often requires incision, but is not semantically equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="392143003"/>
<display value="Exploration of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.AE.AA"/>
<display value="Exploration of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates aortic exploration into segment-specific codes (ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal, aortic arch) with no single "exploration of aorta" code; HIH.AE.AA is the best single candidate but covers only the abdominal segment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233417002"/>
<display value="Exploration of artery with arteriotomy"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Arteriotomy is an incision into an artery, and IZA.FA.AA represents open incision of an unspecified artery NEC, capturing the arteriotomy component; however, the SNOMED concept specifies that the incision is performed for the purpose of exploration, and ICHI does not have a combined "exploration via arteriotomy" code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172117008"/>
<display value="Exploration of breast"/>
<target>
<code value="LCA.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Mastotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "exploration of breast" code; mastotomy (open incision of the breast) is the closest functional equivalent, as surgical exploration is typically performed via incision, but "mastotomy" denotes the incision act itself rather than exploration as the primary intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287306002"/>
<display value="Exploration of bronchus"/>
<target>
<code value="JBB.AE.AD"/>
<display value="Bronchoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "exploration of bronchus" code; bronchoscopy is the standard procedure for visually exploring the bronchus and is the closest match, though it specifies an endoscopic approach whereas the SNOMED concept is approach-neutral."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="307663000"/>
<display value="Exploration of colon"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.AE.AD"/>
<display value="Colonoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "exploration of colon" code; colonoscopy is the closest available code, as it is the standard endoscopic approach for exploring the colon. However, "exploration of colon" may also refer to open surgical exploration, whereas colonoscopy is specifically the endoscopic procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287335005"/>
<display value="Exploration of esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.AE.AD"/>
<display value="Oesophagoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Oesophagoscopy is the closest ICHI procedure to oesophageal exploration, both involving direct examination of the oesophageal lumen. SNOMED "exploration" may also encompass open surgical exploration, making this approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="30778003"/>
<display value="Exploration of fascia"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no fascia-exploration code; fascia is classified by region with no unspecified-site fascia exploration. Incision of soft tissue at unspecified site is the closest concept since exploration typically involves incision, but fascia is not synonymous with general soft tissue."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="288082006"/>
<display value="Exploration of skin or subcutaneous tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AE.AA"/>
<display
value="Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LZZ.AE.AA aligns well in target/action but the "open" (AA) approach is more specific than the approach-unspecified SNOMED concept, and the NEC qualifier adds residual ambiguity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287871002"/>
<display value="Exploration of stomach"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Gastrotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no exploration-of-stomach code; gastrotomy (incision into the stomach) is the nearest match. Gastrotomy describes the incision itself rather than its exploratory purpose, and an endoscopic alternative (gastroscopy) could also apply."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="176147007"/>
<display value="Exploration of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.AE.AD"/>
<display value="Cystoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Cystoscopy is the standard operative technique for inspecting the bladder interior; the SNOMED term "exploration" is approach-agnostic and may include open exploration, while cystoscopy specifies the endoscopic approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="309878003"/>
<display value="Exploration of uterine cavity"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.AE.AD"/>
<display value="Hysteroscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Hysteroscopy is the standard procedure for direct visual exploration of the uterine cavity; SNOMED's term is approach-agnostic (could include digital or open exploration), while hysteroscopy specifies the endoscopic technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="40170002"/>
<display value="Extensor tendon realignment of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific "realignment" code for extensor tendons of the hand; reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger is the closest available code, as realignment involves reconstructive repositioning."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="85849005"/>
<display value="Exteriorization of large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.LI.AA"/>
<display value="Colostomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Colostomy is the prototypical large intestine exteriorization, but the SNOMED concept is broader and may include various stoma formations across the entire large bowel."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="180107003"/>
<display
value="Extra-articular soft tissue procedure for congenital dislocation of the hip"/>
<target>
<code value="MKM.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of hip contracture"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for extra-articular soft tissue procedures specific to congenital hip dislocation; release of hip contracture is the closest soft tissue release procedure for the hip, but does not specify congenital aetiology."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120129005"/>
<display value="Extraocular muscles reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="BDA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of extraocular muscle"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "reconstruction" code for extraocular muscle; BDA.MK.AA (repair of extraocular muscle) is the closest available code. Reconstruction is typically a more complex or complete restoration than repair, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287997009"/>
<display value="Extraperitoneal exploration"/>
<target>
<code value="PAK.AE.AA"/>
<display value="Exploratory laparotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for exploration of the extraperitoneal or retroperitoneal space specifically; PAK.AE.AA (exploratory laparotomy) is the closest procedural match but refers to exploration via opening the peritoneal cavity rather than an extraperitoneal approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="81257009"/>
<display value="Extremity testing for strength, dexterity or stamina"/>
<target>
<code value="MUB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of muscle power functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MUB.AA.ZZ covers assessment of muscle power (strength), which is one component of the SNOMED concept, but the SNOMED concept additionally encompasses dexterity (voluntary movement control) and stamina (muscle endurance), neither of which is captured by this single ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1303668002"/>
<display value="Facial reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft to head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Facial reconstruction is a broad surgical concept encompassing soft tissue, skin, and bony components of the face, whereas LAA.ML.AA is limited to skin grafting in the head/neck region; no single ICHI code captures full facial reconstruction across all tissue types."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386303003"/>
<display value="Family process maintenance"/>
<target>
<code value="SSJ.RB.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Practical support with engaging in family relationships"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Family process maintenance is a nursing intervention aimed at preserving and sustaining healthy family functioning over time; SSJ.RB.ZZ (practical support for family relationships) is the closest ICHI action on the family relationship target, but "practical support" does not precisely capture the maintenance/preservation focus, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="49109005"/>
<display value="Fascial sling of mouth"/>
<target>
<code value="KAZ.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A fascial sling of the mouth is a suspensory/reconstructive procedure using a fascia strip to support oral structures, which aligns broadly with reconstruction of the oral cavity (NEC). ICHI has no specific sling or suspension code for the mouth, and the fascia material is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="74422001"/>
<display value="Fasciectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated fasciectomy code; fascia excision codes exist only at specific anatomical sites (wrist, hand, foot, knee). Partial excision of soft tissue at unspecified site is the nearest generic approximation, though it covers all soft tissue rather than fascia specifically and does not distinguish partial from total excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="88379007"/>
<display value="Fasciocutaneous flap to extremity"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific fasciocutaneous flap code; the extremity-specific skin reconstruction codes (LAE.ML.AA, LAG.ML.AA) are titled "skin graft" without capturing the fasciocutaneous composite tissue component or distinguishing upper from lower limb at the unspecified-extremity level. LZZ.ML.AA is the best available NEC fallback for an unspecified-extremity skin/soft-tissue reconstruction, though the flap technique and fascial layer are not represented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="62561007"/>
<display value="Fasciodesis of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGL.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Fasciodesis (stabilization of a joint by anchoring fascia to bone) is a reconstructive procedure on the fascia of the hand, and "reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger" is the closest ICHI category available. However, ICHI does not have a dedicated "stabilisation" or "fixation via fascia" code for this site, so the match is approximate — reconstruction implies a broader scope than the specific binding/fixation intent of fasciodesis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="286867009"/>
<display value="Female artificial urinary sphincter procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into urinary bladder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no assignable artificial urinary sphincter code, so the nearest assignable procedure is implantation of a device into the urinary bladder; this captures the implantation aspect but does not specifically encode the sphincter device or female anatomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="771623009"/>
<display
value="Fiberoptic endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "endoscopic haemostasis of oesophagus" code; electrocoagulation for haemostasis is a form of tissue destruction, so KBA.GA.AD is the closest available code, but it primarily denotes destruction of a lesion rather than haemostatic coagulation of a bleeding vessel."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1263704002"/>
<display
value="Fiberoptic endoscopic coagulation of hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal tract using hemostatic spray"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code represents endoscopic haemostatic coagulation of the upper GI tract, and hemostatic spray has no dedicated means axis code; KBA.GA.AD is the closest category for endoscopic tissue destruction in the oesophagus but does not capture the upper GI breadth, haemostatic intent, or spray technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438887000"/>
<display
value="Fibrin sheath stripping of tunneled central venous catheter using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="HIB.JD.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from superior vena cava"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Fibrin sheath stripping is a percutaneous transluminal procedure performed in the superior vena cava to remove a fibrin deposit encasing a tunneled catheter. The match is inexact because the ICHI code implies device removal rather than sheath stripping (the catheter itself is retained), and the fluoroscopic guidance with contrast is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178997004"/>
<display
value="Filling of segmental defect by compression-distraction"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LK.AA"/>
<display value="Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Filling a segmental bone defect by compression-distraction (e.g., Ilizarov bone transport) uses gradual mechanical distraction to regenerate bone, mechanistically overlapping with limb lengthening via distraction osteogenesis. The match is inexact because limb lengthening and segmental defect restoration have distinct clinical goals."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239388007"/>
<display value="Fixation of maxilla - external"/>
<target>
<code value="MAF.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of maxillary bone"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "external fixation of maxilla" code; closed reduction of the maxillary bone is the closest match because closed (non-open) reduction is typically achieved through external immobilisation/fixation techniques. The ICHI code implies fracture reduction context which may be narrower or different in scope from the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302476005"/>
<display value="Fixation of maxilla - internal"/>
<target>
<code value="MAF.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of maxillary bone"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "internal fixation of maxilla" code; open reduction of the maxillary bone is the closest match because open reduction inherently involves internal fixation with plates or wires. The ICHI code is framed as fracture reduction which may be narrower than the SNOMED concept's scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265721002"/>
<display value="Fixation of spinal fracture"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for spinal fracture fixation; open reduction of the vertebra (unspecified site) is the closest functional approximation, but it does not capture the fracture context or the fixation/stabilisation aspect, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1287765008"/>
<display value="Fixation of tendon of ankle"/>
<target>
<code value="MNT.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of tendon of lower leg"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no LC (fixation) action code within the lower leg or ankle tendon block; MNT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of lower leg) is the closest available code covering surgical intervention on the ankle-region tendon, but "fixation" (anchoring tendon to bone) and "repair" (suturing a torn tendon) are not semantically equivalent, and the ICHI target covers lower leg broadly rather than ankle specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1287763001"/>
<display value="Fixation of tendon of foot"/>
<target>
<code value="MOT.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of tendon of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no fixation (LC) action code within the foot/toe tendon block; MOT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of foot or toe) is the closest available code for a surgical tendon procedure at the foot, but fixation and repair are distinct procedures and the ICHI target also includes toes, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="75514003"/>
<display value="Fixation of tendon of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of tendon of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no LC (fixation) action code within the hand/finger tendon block; MGT.MK.AA (Repair of tendon of hand or finger) is the nearest available code for a surgical tendon procedure on the hand, but the action semantics differ (fixation vs. repair) and the ICHI target also includes fingers, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="113148007"/>
<display value="Fluid intake encouragement"/>
<target>
<code value="SMG.PN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Advising about drinking"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code specifically for "encouraging" fluid intake; SMG.PN.ZZ (Advising about drinking) is the closest functional match, as clinical encouragement of fluid intake is operationalised as advising/motivating the patient about drinking. The SNOMED concept implies a directive supportive action that is slightly more active than advising alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="419526001"/>
<display
value="Fluoroscopic angiography of aorta with contrast and insertion of stent"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept covers fluoroscopic angiography of the aorta combined with stent insertion without specifying the aortic segment, while HIH.LH.AF is specific to the abdominal aorta and also implies balloon dilatation (angioplasty) accompanying the stent — making it an approximate but not semantically equivalent match; additionally, ICHI lacks a code for the diagnostic angiography component of this combined procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710163000"/>
<display
value="Fluoroscopic angiography of artery of abdomen with contrast and insertion of stent"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies a combined fluoroscopic angiography with stent insertion into an abdominal artery (non-aortic), which aligns anatomically with IEA (abdominal or pelvic artery) and the stent/device insertion action (LH.AF — percutaneous transluminal); however, ICHI's code also implies angioplasty dilatation, does not explicitly capture the concurrent diagnostic angiography component, and uses "device" rather than "stent" specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710131006"/>
<display
value="Fluoroscopy guided embolization of artery of extremity with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.LA.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI splits "artery of extremity" into upper limb (ICA.LA.AF) and lower limb (IFA.LA.AF) — there is no single code covering both, so no ICHI code precisely maps to the undifferentiated SNOMED concept "artery of extremity." ICA.LA.AF is chosen as a representative match, but it is only approximate because the SNOMED concept encompasses both upper and lower limb arteries and also specifies fluoroscopy with contrast guidance which ICHI does not encode here."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="711419008"/>
<display value="Fluoroscopy guided nasogastric tube procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of device into stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A nasogastric tube is placed into the stomach via the nose and oesophagus, and the predominant clinical use is insertion into the stomach (KBF target); however the SNOMED concept is expressed as a generic "procedure" (which could include removal or replacement) rather than specifically insertion, and the fluoroscopic guidance and nasal route are not reflected in the ICHI code, making this an approximate rather than direct match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431254004"/>
<display
value="Fluoroscopy guided percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy of mesenteric vein with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="IEF.JE.AA"/>
<display
value="Extraction of obstruction of portal vein and branches"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists specifically for endovascular obstruction extraction from the mesenteric vein; IEF.JE.AA is the closest available option given the mesenteric veins drain into the portal venous system, but the code targets portal vein and branches and does not specify a percutaneous/endovascular means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439864002"/>
<display value="Focused assessment with ultrasonography for trauma"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.BA.BJ"/>
<display value="Ultrasound of peritoneal cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="FAST is a structured point-of-care ultrasound protocol covering peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural windows in trauma patients; KMA.BA.BJ captures the dominant abdominal component but omits the cardiac/pleural windows, making this only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="49704005"/>
<display value="Food intake encouragement"/>
<target>
<code value="SMF.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with eating"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Food intake encouragement" is a motivational/supportive act, aligning most closely with practical support with eating; the match is inexact because encouragement is primarily communication/motivation, while practical support implies more hands-on assistance."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182624001"/>
<display value="Free exercises in pool"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.ZZ.BS"/>
<display
value="Hydrotherapy with full immersion, for therapeutic purposes"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZA.ZZ.BS captures the aquatic/pool setting but implies a passive hydrotherapy modality, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies active free exercises performed by the patient in water."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72314008"/>
<display value="Full thickness graft of skin to mouth"/>
<target>
<code value="KAZ.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code specifically represents a skin graft to the mouth or oral mucosa; KAZ.ML.AA is the closest available code for reconstruction of the oral cavity but does not capture the skin graft nature, autologous source, or full-thickness specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449241006"/>
<display value="Functional training in use of orthotic device"/>
<target>
<code value="UAE.PH.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Training in the use of products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks an orthotics-specific code; UAE.PH.ZZ covers training in use of assistive mobility products, the closest match as orthoses primarily support mobility, but it is scoped to mobility/transportation products generally."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="395207007"/>
<display value="Fungal studies"/>
<target>
<code value="XG6201"/>
<display
value="Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Fungal studies" encompasses a broad set of mycological investigations (culture, microscopy, serology, sensitivity testing); XG6201 covers genus/species identification only, capturing the core identification component but not the full breadth of "fungal studies"."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="32345002"/>
<display value="Gastrointestinal isotope fat absorption study"/>
<target>
<code value="KZZ.BA.BE"/>
<display
value="Nuclear imaging study of gastrointestinal tract, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code encompasses all nuclear imaging of the GI tract, while the SNOMED concept is a specific functional absorption study using an isotope-labelled fat tracer."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="23225008"/>
<display value="Gastrointestinal protein loss study"/>
<target>
<code value="KTH.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of assimilation functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KTH.AA.ZZ covers assessment of assimilation functions broadly; the SNOMED concept refers to a specific protein loss measurement protocol."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="3063009"/>
<display value="Gastroscopy through artificial stoma"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.AE.AB"/>
<display value="Transabdominal gastroscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Transabdominal gastroscopy aligns with scope insertion via an abdominal wall approach but does not explicitly mean "through an artificial stoma.""/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="54956002"/>
<display value="Gastrostomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of device into stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "creation of gastrostomy" code; KBF.DL.AC covers establishing stomach access with a device. PTA codes relate to managing an existing gastrostomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="404639000"/>
<display value="General appraisal of patient weight"/>
<target>
<code value="KTN.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of weight maintenance functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KTN.AA.ZZ frames weight as a functional assessment rather than a straightforward clinical body weight measurement, making it an approximate fit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="171313004"/>
<display value="Geriatric screening"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="General health assessment"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no geriatric-specific or age-defined screening code; PZB.AA.ZZ is a comprehensive whole-person assessment but lacks the population-screening intent and elderly-specific scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225071005"/>
<display value="Giving analgesic mouthwash"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.DB.AC"/>
<display value="Oral or enteral medication for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AXA.DB.AC covers oral/enteral analgesic administration but an analgesic mouthwash is a topical mucosal application rather than a swallowed medication; no specific topical oral analgesic code exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225072003"/>
<display value="Giving warm saline mouthwash"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AH"/>
<display value="Topical application of pharmacotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A warm saline mouthwash is a cleansing/soothing rinse; PZA.DB.AH only loosely fits since saline is not strictly pharmacotherapy and ICHI has no oral rinsing code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="723946003"/>
<display value="Golimumab therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous administration of immunological agent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Golimumab is typically given by subcutaneous injection (percutaneous), but ICHI does not name the specific agent and golimumab can also be given intravenously (DTB.DB.AF), making the route-specific match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="349744000"/>
<display value="Graft of skin to skin of external auditory canal"/>
<target>
<code value="CAE.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of external auditory canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no skin-graft-specific code for the external auditory canal; CAE.ML.AA covers all reconstruction techniques, making this an approximate technique-agnostic match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="73136008"/>
<display value="Graft of skin to skin of lip and mouth"/>
<target>
<code value="KAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of lip"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined lip-and-mouth skin graft code; KAA.ML.AA covers only the lip component (oral cavity portion would map separately to KAZ.ML.AA), and uses "reconstruction" rather than skin grafting specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1331959006"/>
<display value="Grafting of bone of thorax"/>
<target>
<code value="MCB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of rib or sternum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated rib/sternum/thorax bone graft code; MCB.ML.AA covers reconstruction of thoracic cage bones broadly rather than grafting specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1958001"/>
<display value="Grafting of bone of thumb with transfer of skin flap"/>
<target>
<code value="MGB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft to bone of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MGB.ML.AA captures the hand-bone graft component but the concurrent skin flap transfer is not represented; ICHI lacks a single combined code for both interventions."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31455004"/>
<display
value="Grafting of vein with synthetic patch, Dacron or Teflon"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code capturing the specific technique of patching a vein with synthetic prosthetic material (Dacron/Teflon); IZE.ML.AA is a non-specific residual code with no information about material type or anatomical location."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439388005"/>
<display value="Grafting to aorta with shunt bypass"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is unspecified as to which segment of the aorta and combines both grafting and shunt bypass; no single ICHI code captures this composite procedure on an unspecified aortic site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228564005"/>
<display value="Guided fantasy technique"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Guided fantasy (guided imagery) is a specific psychotherapeutic technique with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.PQ.ZZ is the residual whole-person psychotherapy category and serves as an approximate but imprecise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439269000"/>
<display value="Harvesting of conjunctiva for allograft"/>
<target>
<code value="BBA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of conjunctiva"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "procurement of conjunctiva for graft" code; partial excision of conjunctiva is the closest available procedure, capturing the tissue removal aspect, but it does not encode the graft/allograft purpose."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="430253004"/>
<display value="Health literacy enhancement"/>
<target>
<code value="VFS.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training to influence health literacy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Health literacy enhancement" encompasses training, education, awareness-raising and environmental modification, while VFS.PH.ZZ captures only the training/skills-building modality; VFS.PM.ZZ (education about health literacy) is equally plausible."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="22456006"/>
<display value="Hemovac pump use, care and adjustment"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.SN.AE"/>
<display
value="Management of internal device for skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A Hemovac is a closed-suction drain placed in soft tissue postoperatively; LZZ.SN.AE is the closest available ICHI code but is an NEC residual category that does not specifically represent closed-suction drain management."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448350000"/>
<display
value="High intensity focused ultrasound ablation of lesion of uterus"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.GA.AB"/>
<display
value="Laparoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No uterine lesion destruction code with a non-surgical or without-incision approach exists in ICHI — the only lesion-targeted uterus destruction codes specify laparoscopic or radiotherapy means, both incompatible with HIFU; NME.GA.AB is the closest in target and action, but the laparoscopic means axis is semantically incorrect for transcutaneous HIFU delivery."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265145009"/>
<display value="Hip pin for fixation of epiphysis"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.DN.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous implantation of device into bone of femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SCFE in situ pinning involves percutaneous insertion of a cannulated screw/pin device into the femoral bone to stabilise the slipped epiphysis, which aligns with this code's axis combination of percutaneous approach and device implantation into the femur. ICHI has no dedicated epiphysis-pinning code, and the conceptually adjacent MLB.LE.AA (Epiphysiodesis of femur) describes a different procedure (growth-plate arrest), making MLB.DN.AE the closest available match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72427008"/>
<display
value="History and physical examination, follow-up examination for cardiovascular disease"/>
<target>
<code value="HT2.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of cardiovascular function, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept describes a follow-up H&P specifically focused on cardiovascular disease, which aligns best with HT2.AA.ZZ. The match is inexact because ICHI focuses on functional cardiovascular assessment rather than a full H&P encounter, and it does not encode the follow-up context or the disease management frame of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="183211003"/>
<display value="Ileostomy bag fitting"/>
<target>
<code value="PAA.DP.AH"/>
<display value="Installation of assistive product to trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An ileostomy bag is an assistive product applied to the trunk, but PAA.DP.AH is generic across all trunk assistive products and does not reflect the stoma-specific or intestinal context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="708684002"/>
<display value="Imaging guided percutaneous drainage of gallbladder"/>
<target>
<code value="KCF.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous aspiration of gallbladder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KCF.JB.AE is the only percutaneous gallbladder fluid-removal code; titled "aspiration" rather than "drainage" and does not capture imaging guidance, so the terminology and modifiers differ."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234663009"/>
<display value="Implantation into jaw"/>
<target>
<code value="MAG.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into mandible"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Jaw" anatomically encompasses both mandible and maxilla, but ICHI only has separate codes for each (MAG mandible, MAF maxilla); MAG.DN.AA captures the most common clinical referent but does not cover maxilla."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="57867007"/>
<display value="Implantation of artificial bladder sphincter"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into urinary bladder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for artificial urinary sphincter implantation; NAI.DN.AA is the nearest code in the urinary bladder block, though an artificial sphincter is typically placed around the bladder neck or urethra rather than into the bladder wall."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="278854009"/>
<display value="Implantation of hormone implant"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.DL.AA"/>
<display
value="Insertion of device into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Hormone implants are typically inserted subcutaneously, but ICHI's code is body-region-specific (trunk) whereas hormone implants are placed in various sites (arm, abdomen), and the code does not convey the pharmacological nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="55632008"/>
<display value="Implantation of inert material into urethra"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.DB.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic injection of implant into urethra"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NAM.DB.AD captures implant delivery into the urethra but specifies endoscopic approach, whereas the SNOMED concept does not restrict to endoscopic technique and implies a surgical implantation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112924005"/>
<display value="Implantation of ovary into uterine cavity"/>
<target>
<code value="NMA.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Repositioning of ovary"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Relocating the ovary to an ectopic position within the uterine cavity is conceptually a repositioning/transposition; ICHI's "Repositioning of ovary" is the closest available code but does not capture the specific target destination."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443741001"/>
<display value="Incision and drainage of cyst"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JB.AA"/>
<display
value="Drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for incision and drainage of a cyst; LZZ.JB.AA covers drainage of skin/subcutaneous tissue without specifying site, an approximate match for generic cyst I&D."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234315004"/>
<display value="Incision and drainage of cystic hygroma"/>
<target>
<code value="DFO.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of lymphatic vessel"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A cystic hygroma is a congenital macrocystic lymphatic malformation; DFO.JB.AA captures the lymphatic target and drainage action but describes drainage of a lymphatic vessel rather than a cystic lymphatic malformation specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="2673004"/>
<display
value="Incision and drainage of masticator space by extraoral approach"/>
<target>
<code value="KAZ.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Drainage of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated masticator space code; the oral cavity NEC drainage code is the closest anatomical match but does not distinguish the extraoral approach nor the combined incision-and-drainage nature of the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="29013009"/>
<display
value="Incision and drainage of masticator space by intraoral approach"/>
<target>
<code value="KAZ.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Drainage of oral cavity, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no masticator-space-specific or approach-specific code; the oral cavity NEC drainage category is the best available approximation, losing both the incision component and the approach distinction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363156005"/>
<display value="Incision AND drainage of musculoskeletal system"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is a broad grouper for I&D across the entire musculoskeletal system; ICHI's closest code covers drainage of soft tissue at an unspecified site within the musculoskeletal chapter but misses the incision component and is narrower in target scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="128990000"/>
<display value="Incision and drainage of neck"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No specific "neck drainage" code exists in ICHI; the MAS block (soft tissue of head or neck) contains only imaging and rehabilitation codes, making the unspecified-site soft tissue drainage code the closest structural equivalent but not capturing the neck target specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31994009"/>
<display
value="Incision and drainage of retropharyngeal abscess by intraoral approach"/>
<target>
<code value="DAA.JB.AA"/>
<display
value="Open drainage or aspiration of retropharyngeal abscess"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's only retropharyngeal abscess drainage code is labelled "open" which typically implies an external approach, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies the transoral (intraoral) route; pathology matches but approach coding is inconsistent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="78819004"/>
<display
value="Incision and drainage of tonsil and peritonsillar structures"/>
<target>
<code value="DAA.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Drainage of tonsil or peritonsillar structures"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has separate codes for incision (DAA.FA.AC) and drainage (DAA.JB.AC) of tonsil/peritonsillar structures; DAA.JB.AC is selected as the primary therapeutic component but neither alone captures the combined "incision and drainage" concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="36482008"/>
<display value="Incision and exploration of intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.FA.AA"/>
<display
value="Incision of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBK.FA.AA captures incision of the small intestine, the most common context for enterotomy-with-exploration; however the SNOMED concept "intestine" encompasses both small and large intestine, and no corresponding FA code exists for the large intestine."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="42579000"/>
<display value="Incision and exploration of subcutaneous tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AE.AA"/>
<display
value="Open exploration of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This ICHI code explicitly encodes both the open (incision) approach and the exploration of subcutaneous tissue, closely matching the SNOMED concept, though it also includes skin and carries the NEC qualifier making it an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699131005"/>
<display
value="Incision of bone of cranium and repair of intracranial aneurysm using intracranial approach"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of intracranial artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated aneurysm repair or clipping code; the closest is reconstruction of intracranial artery (IAA.ML.AA), which captures the vascular repair component. The SNOMED concept also includes the craniotomy access step (incision of cranium) which is not represented in the ICHI code, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="76359002"/>
<display value="Incision of hematoma of broad ligament"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of peritoneum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The broad ligament of the uterus is a peritoneal fold, and ICHI has no specific code for incision or drainage of a broad ligament hematoma; the closest structural match is incision of peritoneum (KMA.FA.AA), but this does not capture the haematoma drainage purpose or the specific ligament target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1231171000"/>
<display
value="Incision of maxilla with insertion and adjustment of fixed rapid maxillary expansion appliance"/>
<target>
<code value="MAF.LK.AA"/>
<display value="Distraction osteogenesis of maxilla"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Rapid maxillary expansion performed via a fixed appliance following maxillary osteotomy is a form of distraction osteogenesis; MAF.LK.AA captures the core procedure but does not encode the device insertion/adjustment component, making it an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112967002"/>
<display value="Incision of posterior segment of eye"/>
<target>
<code value="BCA.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of posterior chamber"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BCA.FA.AA covers incision of the posterior chamber of the eye, which is a structure within the posterior segment but not coextensive with it — the posterior segment also includes the vitreous, retina, choroid, and sclera, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="19214009"/>
<display value="Incision of spinal nerve root"/>
<target>
<code value="ABN.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of intraspinal nerve root"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no explicit "incision" (FA action) code for spinal nerve root; the closest assignable code is ABN.FB.AA "Division of intraspinal nerve root," which represents cutting/severing the nerve root — a functionally related but not semantically identical concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="360340007"/>
<display value="Incisional biopsy of nerve ganglion"/>
<target>
<code value="AZZ.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Biopsy of nerve, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for biopsy of nerve ganglion in general; while AAN.AD.AA ("Biopsy of cranial nerve or ganglion") mentions ganglion explicitly, it is restricted to cranial structures, whereas the SNOMED concept is not limited to cranial ganglia, making the NEC nerve biopsy code a better — if still imprecise — fit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="37667001"/>
<display value="Individual preventive medicine education"/>
<target>
<code value="VE1.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education to influence lifestyle behaviours, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code for generic individual preventive medicine education; the lifestyle behaviours education code is the closest thematic match for health-promotion education targeting modifiable behavioural risk factors, but is scoped to lifestyle behaviours specifically rather than the full breadth of preventive medicine."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385820004"/>
<display value="Infection control education"/>
<target>
<code value="VED.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education to influence hygiene behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Infection control education encompasses instruction on hygiene, hand washing, isolation precautions, and similar practices, which aligns most closely with education targeting hygiene behaviours, but the ICHI code frames this as influencing personal hygiene behaviour rather than the clinical/institutional infection control education scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="164781009"/>
<display value="Inferior vena cava catheterization"/>
<target>
<code value="HIC.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device in inferior vena cava"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Catheterization of the inferior vena cava involves inserting a catheter via a percutaneous transluminal route, aligning well with HIC.DL.AF; however, ICHI specifies "percutaneous transluminal" which may not cover all approaches to IVC catheterization (e.g., surgical cutdown)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="745638006"/>
<display value="Injection of anesthetic agent"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.DC.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of anaesthetic into peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a body-system-agnostic or unspecified-site anesthetic injection code; ACA.DC.AE (peripheral nerve) is a plausible representative, but the SNOMED concept is a high-level category for any anesthetic injection regardless of site, making any single ICHI code an approximate match at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="61186007"/>
<display value="Injection of middle ear"/>
<target>
<code value="CBB.DB.AC"/>
<display value="Injection into tympanic membrane"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for injection into the middle ear cavity or middle ear broadly; CBB.DB.AC targets the tympanic membrane specifically, which is a structure of the middle ear complex but not equivalent to the middle ear as a whole. This is an approximate match given the absence of a more precise code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="66260009"/>
<display value="Injection of prophylactic substance"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.VD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous vaccination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Injection of prophylactic substance" is a very broad SNOMED concept encompassing any preventive injection; vaccination (percutaneous route) is the most common and best-represented prophylactic injection in ICHI. However, the ICHI code is narrower in one dimension (specific to vaccines/immunological agents via percutaneous route) while the SNOMED concept is broader, making this an inexact approximation rather than a true equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="73819002"/>
<display value="Injection of vestibule for destruction"/>
<target>
<code value="NMI.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of vulva"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes chemical/injection-based destruction specifically of the vestibule (vulval vestibule), whereas NMI.GA.AA covers destruction of the entire vulva by any means; the target is broader and the means (injection) is not encoded, making this an approximate but not equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233407007"/>
<display value="Insertion of abdominal aorta stent"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of stent into abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HIH.LH.AF is the only ICHI code specifically covering stent insertion into the abdominal aorta and aligns well, but it encodes the procedure as percutaneous transluminal dilatation with stenting (balloon angioplasty + stent), whereas SNOMED refers to stent insertion without mandating dilatation or the percutaneous approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="176229009"/>
<display
value="Insertion of biethium bean beneath neck of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.ML.AD"/>
<display
value="Transurethral endoscopic repair of bladder neck with graft or prosthesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A biethium bean is a periurethral prosthetic bulking implant placed to support the bladder neck; NAK.ML.AD is the closest available match conceptually, but specifies a transurethral endoscopic approach and frames the action as repair rather than implantation beneath the bladder neck."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="432875004"/>
<display
value="Insertion of drain into neck using ultrasound guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.JB.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous drainage of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's most specific neck drainage code targets only skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to a drain into the neck generically (which may include deeper fascial planes); ultrasound guidance is also not encoded."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="427753009"/>
<display
value="Insertion of esophageal tracheal double lumen supraglottic airway"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.DL.AC"/>
<display value="Insertion of device into larynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No specific ICHI code exists for an esophageal-tracheal double lumen device (Combitube); the closest is insertion of a device into the larynx (the supraglottic region where this device is placed), but the ICHI code is generic and does not reflect the dual-lumen or esophageal component of the device."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233473005"/>
<display value="Insertion of graft for vascular access"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Insertion of a synthetic or autologous graft to create vascular access (typically for hemodialysis) involves arterial reconstruction/graft interposition, which IZA.ML.AA partially captures; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated vascular access graft creation code, and "reconstruction" is conceptually broader and does not specifically denote the access-creation intent of the SNOMED procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="12253004"/>
<display
value="Insertion of graft of aorta with cardiopulmonary bypass"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes aortic graft replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass without specifying the aortic segment; HIH.ML.AA (abdominal aorta reconstruction) or HIG.ML.AA (thoracic descending aorta reconstruction) both partially match the aortic graft component, but neither encodes the cardiopulmonary bypass, and the segment assumed (abdominal) may not align with the actual procedure — making this an approximate match at best."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="177640001"/>
<display value="Insertion of inert substance into skin"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DB.AE"/>
<display
value="Injection into skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LZZ.DB.AE captures injection into skin/subcutaneous tissue but does not specify that the substance is inert (versus a drug or biological agent), and the NEC qualifier reflects it is not body-site specific; it is the closest available ICHI code but is only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="35619007"/>
<display
value="Insertion of intravascular device in femoral vein, complete"/>
<target>
<code value="IFD.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The femoral vein is anatomically a lower limb vein, making IFD the correct anatomical block, but the ICHI action axis "LH" combines dilatation with device insertion whereas the SNOMED concept describes device insertion alone; additionally, ICHI does not encode the "complete" qualifier, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="8238001"/>
<display
value="Insertion of intravascular device in femoral vein, partial"/>
<target>
<code value="IFD.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into vein of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same reasoning as the "complete" variant — IFD captures the lower limb vein anatomy correctly, but the action axis conflates dilatation with insertion and ICHI has no mechanism to express the "partial" placement qualifier present in the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234805003"/>
<display value="Insertion of maxillofacial prosthesis"/>
<target>
<code value="MAB.DN.AA"/>
<display
value="Implantation of device into facial bone, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Maxillofacial prostheses span both internal implants (anchored to facial bone) and external epithetic prostheses (orbital, nasal, auricular), whereas MAB.DN.AA covers only implantation into facial bone; ICHI has no single code capturing the full scope of this SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="103729009"/>
<display value="Insertion of middle ear prosthesis"/>
<target>
<code value="CBA.DN.AC"/>
<display
value="Implantation of internal device in middle ear, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code captures implantation of an internal device in the middle ear, closely matching the SNOMED concept of prosthesis insertion, but the NEC qualifier indicates ICHI has no dedicated prosthesis code and the "internal device" action axis (DN) covers a broader class of devices than prostheses alone; the ossicle-specific reconstruction code (CBF.ML.AC) is more specific but limited to the ossicular chain, so CBA.DN.AC remains the best overall match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="29039007"/>
<display
value="Insertion of osteogenic pins for bone growth stimulation"/>
<target>
<code value="MDB.DN.AH"/>
<display
value="Noninvasive placement of bone growth stimulator in bone of shoulder region"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MDB.DN.AH is the only directly named bone growth stimulator code found in ICHI, but it specifies "noninvasive" placement (vs invasive pin insertion) and is restricted to the shoulder region. No invasive, site-unspecified bone growth stimulator code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="51486000"/>
<display value="Insertion of pack into sella turcica"/>
<target>
<code value="EAA.DL.AA"/>
<display value="Insertion of device into pituitary gland"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Packing of the sella turcica is performed in the context of pituitary surgery and EAA.DL.AA is the closest available code; however "device" is not equivalent to a surgical pack, and pituitary fossa/sella turcica is the bony structure rather than the gland itself."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235274003"/>
<display value="Insertion of prosthesis into duodenum"/>
<target>
<code value="KBI.LH.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into duodenum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for standalone prosthesis/stent insertion into the duodenum; KBI.LH.AD is the closest available code, but it bundles the act with prior dilatation and does not specify a prosthesis specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235351004"/>
<display value="Insertion of prosthesis into large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.LH.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic insertion of colonic stent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBP.LH.AD covers endoscopic colonic stent insertion (colon being the main segment of the large intestine), but is restricted to the colon via endoscopic approach and uses "stent" rather than "prosthesis"."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431192008"/>
<display
value="Insertion of stent graft into transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using fluoroscopic guidance with contrast"/>
<target>
<code value="IEF.LH.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation with insertion of device into portal vein and branches"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="TIPS stent graft insertion is an endovascular procedure targeting the portal venous system; IEF.LH.AF captures the core procedural elements (percutaneous approach, endovascular device, portal vein target), but does not encode the transjugular/intrahepatic route, stent-graft device type, or fluoroscopic guidance."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1303537009"/>
<display value="Insertion of stent into urinary tract"/>
<target>
<code value="NAE.LH.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic dilatation with insertion of device into ureter"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept covers stent placement anywhere in the urinary tract (ureter, urethra, renal pelvis, bladder), whereas NAE.LH.AD is specific to the ureter via an endoscopic approach; no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of the urinary tract."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1351358001"/>
<display
value="Insertion of stent suture into aqueous drainage device"/>
<target>
<code value="BBE.SN.AA"/>
<display
value="Management of internal device of anterior chamber of eye"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for inserting a stent suture into an aqueous drainage implant; BBE.SN.AA covers management of an existing internal device in the anterior chamber, the closest conceptual match, but it is broader and does not encode the stent-suture specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="427507000"/>
<display value="Insertion of therapeutic spacer into joint"/>
<target>
<code value="MLJ.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into hip joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "joint spacer insertion" code applicable across all joints; MLJ.DN.AA covers device implantation into the hip joint (most common site for therapeutic spacers) but is both site-specific and broader in device type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442201003"/>
<display
value="Insertion of transobturator tape for female urinary incontinence"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.LC.AC"/>
<display value="Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no ICHI code specific to transobturator tape (TOT) or mid-urethral sling procedures; NAK.LC.AC covers transvaginal surgical interventions for female stress urinary incontinence, but the TOT approach targets the mid-urethra via the obturator foramen rather than the bladder neck."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="44194005"/>
<display
value="Instillation of antineoplastic agent into urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.DB.AD"/>
<display value="Intravesical administration of immunological agent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is the only ICHI code that captures intravesical instillation of an anti-tumour agent; however, it specifies "immunological agent" (e.g., BCG), whereas the SNOMED concept covers all antineoplastic agents including cytotoxic chemotherapy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287634002"/>
<display value="Intermittent skeletal traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LC.AE"/>
<display value="Direct or skeletal traction to the spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MBZ.LC.AE encodes skeletal traction but restricts it to the spine, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to skeletal traction applied to any bone or body region without site restriction; no site-unspecified skeletal traction code was found in ICHI, and neither code captures the intermittent schedule."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1331992000"/>
<display value="Internal fixation of bone of thorax"/>
<target>
<code value="MCB.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into bone of thoracic cage"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code explicitly named "internal fixation" for the thoracic cage; MCB.DN.AA is the closest available code, as internal fixation involves implanting a device (nail, plate, or screw) into bone, but the ICHI title covers all implanted devices broadly rather than fixation specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182513006"/>
<display value="Intestinal intubation"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.DL.AC"/>
<display
value="Per orifice insertion of device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Intestinal intubation (e.g. Miller-Abbott, nasoenteric tube) is a per-orifice insertion of a tube/device into the small intestine, which aligns with KBK.DL.AC; however, ICHI scopes this only to the small intestine and uses the broader "device" concept rather than the specific tube/intubation procedure, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274379005"/>
<display value="Intestinal scope-stomal"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.AE.AD"/>
<display value="Colonoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Stomal endoscopy (endoscopy performed through a colostomy or ileostomy) is the closest procedural match available in ICHI; KBP.AE.AD (Colonoscopy) represents visual examination of the colon but does not encode the stomal-access route, and ICHI contains no dedicated "endoscopy through stoma" or stomal-scope category, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="180106007"/>
<display
value="Intra-articular soft tissue procedure for congenital dislocation of the hip"/>
<target>
<code value="MLJ.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of hip joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes an open intra-articular soft tissue procedure (such as capsulotomy or ligament release) performed specifically for congenital hip dislocation, which most closely corresponds to MLJ.FC.AA (Release of hip joint, open); however, ICHI does not capture the etiological qualifier (congenital dislocation) or the category of "soft tissue procedure" broadly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448987004"/>
<display value="Intraluminal brachytherapy of biliary tract"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion of biliary duct or sphincter of Oddi"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific code for the biliary tract; the closest available code is endoscopic destruction of a lesion of the biliary duct, which captures the target anatomy and destructive intent of intraluminal brachytherapy but does not specify the radiotherapeutic means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449155008"/>
<display value="Intraluminal brachytherapy of esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific (GA.BA) code for the oesophagus; KBA.GA.AA captures the correct target (oesophagus) and the destructive action category but does not encode the intraluminal brachytherapy means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448167001"/>
<display value="Intraluminal brachytherapy of rectum"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.GA.AC"/>
<display value="Destruction of rectal lesion or tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no brachytherapy-specific code for the rectum; KBW.GA.AC is the best available match, correctly targeting the rectum with a destruction action, but the intraluminal brachytherapy technique (radiotherapy via means axis) is absent from ICHI's rectum intervention block."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="7414004"/>
<display value="Intraoperative transluminal aortic angioplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has separate codes for abdominal aorta, descending thoracic aorta, and aortic arch but no single unspecified-segment aorta dilatation code; HIH.LG.AF is selected as the most clinically common site (infrarenal/abdominal), but the SNOMED concept is anatomically unspecified and the ICHI code commits to a specific segment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="79945003"/>
<display value="Intrathecal injection"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Injection into spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The intrathecal space (subarachnoid space within the dural sac) is anatomically contained within the spinal canal, so ABG.DB.AE is the closest available code. However, the ICHI code is broader — it covers the entire spinal canal rather than specifically the intrathecal compartment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287952000"/>
<display value="Intrauterine fetal defect correction"/>
<target>
<code value="NMR.MK.AB"/>
<display value="Endoscopic repair of fetal or embryonic structure"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The closest ICHI option is endoscopic repair of fetal or embryonic structure; however, the SNOMED concept is broader (defect correction without specifying endoscopic approach). No open or percutaneous fetal repair/correction code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="314424004"/>
<display value="Introduction of tension free vaginal tape"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.LC.AC"/>
<display value="Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="TVT is a transvaginal mid-urethral synthetic tape/sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence; NAK.LC.AC captures the transvaginal approach and bladder neck/urethral suspension purpose, but TVT targets the mid-urethra (not the bladder neck) and involves implantation of a mesh tape rather than a simple suspension stitch."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="53496003"/>
<display value="Irrigation of nasal sinus"/>
<target>
<code value="JAE.JB.AE"/>
<display
value="Puncture of paranasal sinus for aspiration or lavage, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JAE.JB.AE explicitly includes lavage of the paranasal sinus, but it is coupled with puncture/aspiration as the primary action whereas the SNOMED concept focuses solely on irrigation/lavage without implying a puncture approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228562009"/>
<display value="Jacobson technique"/>
<target>
<code value="MUC.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for muscle tone functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Jacobson technique (progressive muscle relaxation) involves systematic tensing and releasing of muscle groups; MUC.PG.ZZ covers exercise-based interventions on muscle tone functions, aligning with the mechanism, but ICHI does not specifically represent relaxation training."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431400003"/>
<display value="Jejunostomy using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LI.AJ"/>
<display value="Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both describe percutaneous creation of a jejunostomy, but the SNOMED concept specifies fluoroscopic guidance while ICHI specifies percutaneous endoscopic technique; the guidance modality differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431338000"/>
<display
value="Kyphoplasty of fracture of cervical spine using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.ML.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Kyphoplasty (balloon-assisted vertebral augmentation) is closely related but distinct from vertebroplasty; the ICHI code is anatomically unspecified and does not capture cervical spine or fluoroscopic guidance."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431198007"/>
<display
value="Kyphoplasty of fracture of lumbar spine using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.ML.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same reasoning as the cervical variant — ICHI lacks a kyphoplasty-specific code, no lumbar-specific vertebral augmentation code, and fluoroscopic guidance is not encoded."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="431741007"/>
<display
value="Kyphoplasty of fracture of thoracic spine using fluoroscopic guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.ML.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous vertebroplasty, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same reasoning as the cervical and lumbar variants — ICHI lacks a kyphoplasty-specific code, a thoracic-specific vertebral augmentation code, or fluoroscopic guidance specification."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1255832001"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic anorectoplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.ML.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic reconstruction of rectum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Anorectoplasty involves combined rectal and anal reconstruction (often for malformations); KBW.ML.AB covers only laparoscopic rectal reconstruction and omits the anal component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446844009"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic decortication of cyst of kidney"/>
<target>
<code value="NAA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of kidney"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Decortication of a renal cyst (cyst-wall excision) functionally maps to local excision of a kidney lesion, but ICHI has no laparoscopic variant and no decortication-specific code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440183002"/>
<display
value="Laparoscopic drainage of lymphocele to peritoneal cavity"/>
<target>
<code value="DFO.JB.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic drainage of lymphatic vessel"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code represents drainage of a lymphocele into the peritoneal cavity; DFO.JB.AB is the closest laparoscopic lymphatic drainage code but refers to the vessel rather than a postsurgical fluid collection."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="782968005"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic pectopexy using synthetic mesh"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.LC.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic uterine suspension"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pectopexy is a specific mesh-based suspension fixing ligaments to the pectineal ligament; ICHI has no dedicated pectopexy code, and uterine-suspension does not capture the mesh technique or pectineal fixation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="782717002"/>
<display
value="Laparoscopic pectopexy with fixation of cervical stump using mesh"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.LC.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic uterine suspension"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code for pectopexy; uterine suspension is the closest available match but does not capture cervical-stump specificity or mesh technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72791001"/>
<display value="Laryngectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial laryngectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Laryngectomy" as a general SNOMED concept spans partial, complete, and radical laryngectomy, all of which have distinct ICHI codes (JAN.JJ.AA, JAN.JK.AA, JAN.JL.AA); no single ICHI code covers the full breadth of the unspecified SNOMED term."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="397816000"/>
<display value="Laser ablation of esophageal lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBA.GA.AD captures the clinical intent well — laser ablation of an oesophageal lesion is performed endoscopically — but ICHI does not specify the means as laser, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1295182004"/>
<display value="Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis of left eye"/>
<target>
<code value="BBB.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of cornea"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LASIK involves laser reshaping of the corneal stroma, which aligns most closely with partial excision of cornea; ICHI has no specific code for laser refractive surgery, and the left-eye laterality can be captured via an extension code (&XCA4)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1295183009"/>
<display value="Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis of right eye"/>
<target>
<code value="BBB.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of cornea"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same rationale as left-eye LASIK — BBB.JJ.AA is the closest available ICHI code for corneal laser reshaping; right-eye laterality can be represented with the extension code &XCA3."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="84267003"/>
<display value="Hysterotomy with removal of foreign body"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NME.JD.AA captures the core clinical intent (foreign body removal from uterus) but does not encode the hysterotomy as the approach; the SNOMED concept bundles incision and removal."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229580007"/>
<display value="Ice therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SE.AH"/>
<display value="Hypothermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AXA.SE.AH is the closest code, representing application of cold/hypothermy as a therapeutic modality, but it is scoped specifically to pain management while ice therapy may also target inflammation or swelling."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386347009"/>
<display value="Learning readiness enhancement"/>
<target>
<code value="ATE.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of intellectual functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no concept for "learning readiness enhancement" as a patient-preparatory intervention; ATE.PH.ZZ targets the same cognitive domain and involves a facilitative action but is about direct training rather than optimising readiness to learn."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="49945009"/>
<display value="Lengthening of muscle"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Myotomy of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated muscle-lengthening code at unspecified site; myotomy (muscle incision/division) is the surgical basis for lengthening but does not fully capture the elongation intent, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232889006"/>
<display
value="Lengthening operation on atrioventricular valve papillary muscle"/>
<target>
<code value="HDF.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specific to papillary muscle lengthening; HDF.MK.AA is the closest available code as the papillary muscles are part of the mitral subvalvar apparatus, but is broader and valve-specific (mitral only) whereas SNOMED covers any AV valve."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1156701004"/>
<display
value="Liaising with healthcare provider about electrolyte therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="UCK.TD.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Collaboration relating to support from health professionals"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code captures collaboration specifically about electrolyte therapy; UCK.TD.ZZ encodes collaboration with a health professional but loses the specific electrolyte-therapy subject matter."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1156700003"/>
<display value="Liaising with healthcare provider about fluid therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="UCK.TD.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Collaboration relating to support from health professionals"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code covers inter-professional communication specifically about fluid therapy; UCK.TD.ZZ represents the closest available match (collaboration with a health professional) but does not encode the fluid-therapy topic."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443402002"/>
<display value="Lifestyle education regarding hypertension"/>
<target>
<code value="ITA.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in relation to blood pressure functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no ICHI education code specifically for blood pressure, so ITA.PH.ZZ (training in relation to blood pressure functions) is the closest available code; it captures the blood pressure / hypertension target but uses "training" rather than "education" as the action, and hypertension management education is only one aspect of blood pressure function interventions."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="90010006"/>
<display value="Ligation of blood vessel"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ligation is a specific surgical technique for occluding a vessel, and ICHI's "Occlusion of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified" captures the intent (permanent closure of a blood vessel) at an unspecified location, but the action axis LA (occlusion) is broader than ligation specifically and the means axis AA (open) does not fully encode the ligation technique as a distinct method."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="2393003"/>
<display value="Ligation of vein of lower limb"/>
<target>
<code value="IFD.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of lower limb vein"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IFD.LA.AA covers occlusion of lower limb vein at the same anatomical level, and ligation is a method of occlusion; however, the ICHI code uses the broader action "occlusion" (LA axis) rather than specifying ligation as the technique, so the match is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="29867004"/>
<display value="Ligation of vein of upper limb"/>
<target>
<code value="ICD.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of vein of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICD.LA.AA matches the anatomical target (upper limb vein) and the functional result (occlusion), but ligation as a specific surgical technique is subsumed under the broader LA (occlusion) action axis, making this an approximate rather than exact semantic match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="90197008"/>
<display value="Lip shave"/>
<target>
<code value="KAA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of lip"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A lip shave (vermilionectomy) is the surgical removal of the vermilion surface of the lip, which is functionally a local excision of lip tissue/lesion; ICHI has no dedicated code for vermilionectomy, and "local excision of lesion of lip" is the closest available concept but does not capture the full-surface shaving nature of the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="713163001"/>
<display
value="Lithotripsy of biliary stone using laser by open approach"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.GA.BJ"/>
<display
value="Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of the bile duct"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has only one lithotripsy code for the bile duct (KCM.GA.BJ), which encodes extracorporeal shockwave as the means (BJ = ultrasound/shockwave), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies laser energy via open approach — a fundamentally different technique and access method; the target (bile duct) matches, but the means axis differs materially."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="77738002"/>
<display value="Local chemotherapy for malignant neoplasm"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated chemotherapy or antineoplastic code; PZA.DB.AE is the closest approximation for local/regional chemotherapy delivery, but it is both broader (any pharmacotherapy, any indication) and imprecise about the "local" delivery context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="698977005"/>
<display value="Local myocutaneous flap to head"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft to head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI encodes reconstruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue to the head/neck region with extension code XG1UU3 (Local flap) available, but the base code covers skin grafts broadly rather than specifically myocutaneous (composite muscle+skin) pedicle flaps."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304100006"/>
<display value="Local transposition flap - axial pattern"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for axial-pattern transposition flaps; the closest available code covers skin reconstruction/graft procedures not elsewhere classified, and the extension code XG1UU3 (Local flap) can add partial context, but neither the axial vascular pattern nor the transposition technique is captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="176454007"/>
<display value="Lord's operation for hydrocele"/>
<target>
<code value="NGL.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of testis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Lord's operation is plication of the tunica vaginalis for hydrocele, and NGL.MK.AA (Repair of testis) is the closest ICHI match since no dedicated hydrocele repair or tunica vaginalis plication code exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="306824002"/>
<display value="Low power laser therapy to back"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.SC.AH"/>
<display
value="Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific low-level laser therapy code; LAB.SC.AH (phototherapy to trunk) is the closest match but covers a broader range of phototherapies to the whole trunk rather than the back specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="306816007"/>
<display value="Low power laser therapy to face"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.SC.AH"/>
<display
value="Phototherapy to skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LAA.SC.AH is the best available match since the face is within the head/neck region; however, it is broader (whole head and neck, any phototherapy modality) than the specific SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405296008"/>
<display value="Lower limb sympathectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ADD.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Lower limb sympathectomy is achieved by excising the lumbar sympathetic chain; ICHI organises sympathectomy by spinal level rather than functional limb territory and does not distinguish partial from total excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229318008"/>
<display value="Lumbar traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MBM.PB.AH"/>
<display value="Mobilisation of lumbar spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated traction code; mobilisation of the lumbar spine is the closest available concept, but traction and mobilisation are distinct physiotherapy techniques."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="416553003"/>
<display value="Lymphatic pump"/>
<target>
<code value="MCS.PC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Massage of soft tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The lymphatic pump is an osteopathic manual rhythmic compression of the chest to stimulate lymph flow; no ICHI code exists, and trunk soft tissue massage is the closest available concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="107998002"/>
<display value="Lymphatic system endoscopy"/>
<target>
<code value="DFZ.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of lymphatic structure, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated endoscopy code for lymphatic structures; the generic assessment category captures the diagnostic intent but not the endoscopic approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438601000"/>
<display
value="Lysis of adhesions of anterior segment of eye using laser"/>
<target>
<code value="BBC.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of iris"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for release of anterior segment adhesions broadly; BBC.FC.AA is closest because anterior segment synechiae most commonly involve the iris, but does not capture the laser technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="29211002"/>
<display value="Lysis of adhesions of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGL.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of ligament or fascia of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI offers several structure-specific release codes for the hand (joint, tendon, ligament/fascia, muscle) but no single code covering adhesiolysis of the hand non-specifically; MGL.FC.AA is the closest approximation since fascial adhesions are most common."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="35371005"/>
<display value="Lysis of adhesions of pharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of oral pharyngeal adhesions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KAR.FC.AA is scoped specifically to the oral pharynx (oropharynx), while the SNOMED concept refers to the pharynx broadly (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx); no ICHI code covers the full pharynx for adhesion release."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="86061008"/>
<display value="Lysis of adhesions of ureter, intraluminal"/>
<target>
<code value="NAE.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of periureteral adhesions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NAE.FC.AA covers release of periureteral (external/surrounding) adhesions, whereas the SNOMED concept specifies an intraluminal endoscopic approach to adhesions within the ureteral lumen — a meaningfully different anatomical context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56897006"/>
<display
value="Major thoracotomy with removal of intrapulmonary foreign body"/>
<target>
<code value="JBF.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of lung"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for removal of a foreign body from lung parenchyma; the closest available code is "Incision of lung" (open approach), which represents the surgical access required for intrapulmonary foreign body removal but does not encode the purpose of the procedure. A thoracotomy with removal of intrapulmonary foreign body would typically involve a lung incision, making this an approximate but incomplete match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="310488007"/>
<display value="Male sterilization using silicon plug"/>
<target>
<code value="NGD.DL.AA"/>
<display value="Insertion of valve in vas deferens"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both procedures involve placing an intraluminal occlusive device into the vas deferens to prevent sperm transport; ICHI uses the term "valve" while the SNOMED concept specifies a silicon plug, which is a functionally analogous but structurally different device. The match is inexact because a plug and a valve differ in design and reversibility intent, though both target the same anatomical site with the same therapeutic goal."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385914001"/>
<display value="Management of care of pressure injury"/>
<target>
<code value="LTC.LD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Positioning to protect skin functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pressure injury care is a multicomponent intervention (positioning, wound dressing, debridement, etc.) and ICHI has no single code for it; LTC.LD.ZZ captures the key preventive/protective positioning element that is central to pressure injury management, but does not represent the full scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="58941000087108"/>
<display value="Management of loneliness"/>
<target>
<code value="SSG.RC.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Emotional support for engaging in informal social relationships"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "management of loneliness" code; SSG.RC.ZZ targets the informal social relationship domain most closely associated with loneliness and represents the emotional support intervention most commonly deployed in its management, but it is neither a full semantic equivalent nor a clean broader/narrower match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="53341005"/>
<display value="Manipulation of displaced nasal septum"/>
<target>
<code value="MAE.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of nose"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for manipulation or closed reduction of the nasal septum specifically; MAE.LD.AH (Closed reduction of nose) is the closest available code, representing non-surgical mechanical repositioning of nasal structures, but its target is the nasal bone (MAE) rather than the septum (JAB), and the septoplasty code (JAB.ML.AC) implies surgical repair rather than manipulation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120227000"/>
<display value="Manipulation of forearm"/>
<target>
<code value="MFB.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of bone of forearm"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI encodes forearm manipulation primarily as closed reduction (MFB.LD.AH), which captures the dominant clinical meaning of manual forearm manipulation (fracture reduction without incision). There is no generic "manipulation of forearm" code in ICHI, and the match is approximate since the SNOMED concept could also refer to non-fracture manipulation (e.g., mobilisation or repositioning)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178789004"/>
<display value="Manipulation of spine using traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LC.AE"/>
<display value="Direct or skeletal traction to the spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MBZ.LC.AE captures spinal traction well, but the SNOMED concept frames the primary action as spinal manipulation delivered via traction, whereas ICHI classifies traction to the spine under action LC (immobilisation/traction) rather than PA (manipulation); closely related but the primary action axis differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="177194007"/>
<display value="Manual dilation of cervix"/>
<target>
<code value="NMF.LG.AC"/>
<display value="Dilatation of cervical canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMF.LG.AC covers the same anatomical target (cervix uteri / cervical canal) and action (dilatation), but it does not encode the "manual" means — the means axis (.AC = transvaginal approach) specifies route, not instrument, and ICHI has no dedicated manual qualifier for this procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="90775002"/>
<display value="Manual reduction of closed fracture of hyoid bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has a dedicated hyoid block (MAH) but contains no closed reduction code for the hyoid; the closest available code is the unspecified-site closed reduction, which captures the action and approach correctly but loses all anatomical specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="708588008"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of abscess of nasopharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="JAM.JI.AC"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of nasal pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for marsupialization of the nasopharynx; local excision of a lesion of the nasal pharynx is the closest available code targeting the same anatomical site, but marsupialization is a distinct technique from excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="236824002"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of Bartholin's abscess"/>
<target>
<code value="NMI.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of vulva"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific Bartholin gland intervention code; drainage of vulva is the closest match given the same anatomical region and shared drainage intent, but the marsupialization technique is more specific than generic drainage."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234064002"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of cerebral lesion"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for marsupialization of a cerebral lesion; local excision of lesion of brain is the closest available code at the correct anatomical target, but the action does not precisely capture the marsupialization technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="32606000"/>
<display value="Marsupialization of cyst of brain"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Marsupialization of a brain cyst is functionally distinct from complete excision, and ICHI contains no specific code for this technique on intracranial cysts; AAA.JI.AA is the best available match given the same anatomical target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="232173006"/>
<display value="Mastoid operation"/>
<target>
<code value="CDA.JK.AC"/>
<display value="Total mastoidectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Mastoid operation" is an imprecise grouping term that could refer to any procedure on the mastoid sinus; total mastoidectomy is the most prototypical mastoid operation, but the SNOMED concept is not semantically specific enough."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="716150004"/>
<display
value="Measurement of segmental blood pressure of artery of limb using Doppler ultrasonography"/>
<target>
<code value="IFA.BA.BJ"/>
<display value="Ultrasound of artery of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IFA.BA.BJ captures the Doppler ultrasound of a limb artery, but ICHI does not have a dedicated code for segmental blood pressure measurement specifically; the SNOMED concept is a pressure measurement technique using Doppler, while IFA.BA.BJ is a general ultrasound imaging code for that artery territory."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410143001"/>
<display value="Medical regimen orders assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="UAC.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of medications"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="UAC.AA.ZZ covers assessment of medications, but the SNOMED concept is broader, potentially encompassing non-pharmacological regimen components (diet, activity); the ICHI code is the closest available assessable entity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410145008"/>
<display value="Medical regimen orders management"/>
<target>
<code value="UAC.RG.ZZ"/>
<display value="Providing services in relation to medications"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code for managing or ordering a medical regimen as a whole exists; UAC.RG.ZZ is the closest service-oriented intervention but does not capture regimen ordering management nor non-pharmacological components."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="447972007"/>
<display value="Medical termination of pregnancy using prostaglandin"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.DB.AC"/>
<display value="Termination of pregnancy by oral medication"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Prostaglandin-mediated termination is pharmacological, making NME.DB.AC the closest ICHI match; however, prostaglandins can also be administered vaginally or by injection, so the ICHI code does not fully capture route specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386358000"/>
<display value="Medication administration: intravenous"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.DB.AF"/>
<display
value="Administering pharmacotherapy, percutaneous transluminal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated intravenous pharmacotherapy code; AF (percutaneous transluminal) encodes intravascular delivery but is primarily used for arterial/lumenal procedures and is only an approximate fit for IV drug administration."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="395170001"/>
<display value="Medication monitoring"/>
<target>
<code value="VAD.AM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Observation of pharmaceutical use behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses observation as its closest equivalent to monitoring within pharmaceutical use behaviours, but VAD frames this as a health-related behaviour intervention rather than clinical therapeutic drug monitoring."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="409024003"/>
<display value="Medication monitoring assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="VAD.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of pharmaceutical use behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VAD.AA.ZZ combines an assessment action with the pharmaceutical use behaviours target, aligning with a medication monitoring assessment, but sits in the health-related behaviours chapter and frames the act as a behaviour assessment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410230008"/>
<display value="Mental health screening education"/>
<target>
<code value="VDB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education to influence screening behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VDB.PM.ZZ represents education aimed at influencing health screening behaviours, which aligns with mental health screening education as a public health activity. The match is inexact because ICHI targets the behaviour of screening uptake rather than education about mental health conditions per se, and does not specify the mental health domain."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="4804005"/>
<display value="Microbial identification test"/>
<target>
<code value="XG6201"/>
<display
value="Genus and species identification of bacteria and fungi"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="XG6201 captures the core concept of microorganism identification (genus and species level for bacteria and fungi) and is the closest ICHI match; however, it is narrower in taxonomic scope than the SNOMED concept, which encompasses all microorganisms including viruses and parasites, not just bacteria and fungi."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386555003"/>
<display value="Middle ear reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="CBA.MK.AC"/>
<display value="Repair of middle ear, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="CBA.MK.AC covers unspecified middle ear repair; "reconstruction" in SNOMED implies more substantial rebuilding (e.g., ossiculoplasty/tympanoplasty), so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1259023009"/>
<display value="Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program"/>
<target>
<code value="SDJ.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for handling stress and other psychological demands"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MBSR is a structured mindfulness-based group programme for stress; ICHI does not distinguish mindfulness modalities from other psychotherapy, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="370868000"/>
<display value="Mobility deficit education"/>
<target>
<code value="SJA.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about walking"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest education code within the mobility block; the SNOMED concept covers all mobility-deficit education while the ICHI code is restricted to walking."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="370867005"/>
<display value="Mobility deficit therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="SJA.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in walking"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Most representative ICHI category for therapeutic mobility intervention; mobility therapy may also include gait, transfer, and other modalities, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410348002"/>
<display value="Mobility/transfers case management"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.TD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Case coordination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Captures the care-coordination action at whole-person level; ICHI has no code linking case management specifically to the mobility/transfers domain."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410400002"/>
<display value="Mobility/transfers surveillance"/>
<target>
<code value="SJA.AM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Observation of walking"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest surveillance-like action within the mobility domain; SNOMED also encompasses transfer surveillance, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442079009"/>
<display value="Monitoring of esophageal impedance"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.AI.AC"/>
<display value="Oesophageal pH monitoring"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBA.AI.AC is the only oesophageal monitoring code in ICHI and shares the same anatomical target, monitoring action, and orifice approach; however, it specifies pH measurement rather than impedance, which is a distinct physiological parameter used to detect bolus transit and reflux independent of acidity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="278010004"/>
<display value="MRI guided removal of foreign body"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JD.AA & XG4HX8"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified [& Magnetic resonance imaging guided]"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single dedicated code for MRI-guided removal of a foreign body regardless of body site; the closest representation combines a residual skin/subcutaneous removal code with the MRI-guided extension modifier (XG4HX8), but the body-site axis is unspecified in the SNOMED concept while the ICHI code presumes integumentary tissue, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="698759007"/>
<display value="Mucolytic drug therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="JZZ.DB.AC"/>
<display
value="Oral administration of pharmaceutical for respiratory system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Mucolytics are respiratory pharmaceuticals administered to break down mucus, most commonly by the oral or inhaled route, and JZZ.DB.AC is the only ICHI code for administering a respiratory pharmaceutical. However, the ICHI code is restricted to oral route and the NEC qualifier indicates it is a residual category, making this an approximate rather than precise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="782671000000103"/>
<display value="Multidisciplinary care management"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.TD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Case coordination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZB.TD.ZZ "Case coordination" is conceptually aligned with multidisciplinary care management, both involving organised, cross-provider management of an individual's care. The match is inexact rather than wider because care management implies an ongoing, active management role whereas case coordination in ICHI has a narrower connotation of logistical coordination; neither is a full superset of the other."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363208009"/>
<display value="Musculoskeletal system biopsy"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Biopsy of muscle of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single aggregating code for musculoskeletal system biopsy; separate codes exist for biopsy of bone, joint, soft tissue, and muscle at unspecified sites. MRM.AD.AA is the best single representative but covers only muscle, making it an inexact match for the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses all musculoskeletal tissue types."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119572000"/>
<display value="Musculoskeletal system closure"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code explicitly titled "closure of musculoskeletal system structure"; closure in ICHI is predominantly used for fistulas, ostomies, and cardiovascular defects. Repair of soft tissue of unspecified site (MRS.MK.AA) is the closest structural analogue — repair/closure are semantically overlapping in surgical contexts — but it covers only soft tissue rather than the full musculoskeletal system, making it an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363214002"/>
<display value="Musculoskeletal system paracentesis"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Paracentesis in the musculoskeletal context refers to aspiration/drainage of fluid (typically synovial fluid from a joint), and percutaneous drainage of a joint at an unspecified site is the closest ICHI match; however the SNOMED concept encompasses the entire musculoskeletal system (including bursa, bone cysts, etc.) making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178835005"/>
<display value="Myeloscopy"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.AE.AA"/>
<display value="Exploration of spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Myeloscopy is endoscopic visualisation of the spinal canal (intrathecal endoscopy), and ABG.AE.AA covers the same anatomical target and investigative intent, but the ICHI code uses a general "exploration" action with an open means rather than explicitly encoding endoscopic visualisation; the match is therefore approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="70627009"/>
<display value="Myocardial resection"/>
<target>
<code value="HBA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Excision of left ventricular tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Myocardial resection (classically the Dor procedure or septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) involves removal of a portion of myocardial tissue, and HBA.JJ.AA is the best available ICHI code covering excision of ventricular myocardial tissue; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated code for the full range of myocardial resection procedures, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="83658004"/>
<display value="Nasoenteric tube maintenance"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.KA.AC"/>
<display
value="Replacement of tube or enterostomy device of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A nasoenteric tube is passed nasally into the small intestine, and KBK.KA.AC covers replacement/maintenance of a tube device at the small intestine level via natural orifice; however, "maintenance" in SNOMED encompasses ongoing care (flushing, position checks, etc.) beyond just replacement, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="736165005"/>
<display value="Nasogastric tube care management"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.KA.AC"/>
<display value="Replacement of gastric device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A nasogastric tube terminates in the stomach, and KBF.KA.AC is the closest ICHI code addressing management of a gastric device; however, it specifically denotes replacement rather than the broader ongoing care management (positioning, flushing, monitoring) implied by the SNOMED concept, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="241382009"/>
<display value="Non-imaging thyroid uptake test"/>
<target>
<code value="EBA.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Thyroid scan or radioisotope function studies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="EBA.BA.BE covers thyroid radioisotope function studies, which includes radioiodine uptake measurement, but the title also encompasses thyroid scans (which are imaging procedures), whereas the SNOMED concept explicitly excludes imaging. The match is approximate but remains the best available code in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119705002"/>
<display value="Nose excision"/>
<target>
<code value="JAA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of nose"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI offers several nose excision codes — JAA.JI.AA (local excision of lesion), JAA.JJ.AA (partial excision), and JAA.JN.AA (resection/total excision) — but no single code captures the SNOMED grouper concept "Nose excision" which spans all of these. JAA.JJ.AA is selected as the most representative intermediate option, though the mapping is inherently approximate given the SNOMED concept's role as a parent category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14545007"/>
<display value="Obliteration of maxillary sinus"/>
<target>
<code value="JAF.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of maxillary sinus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no obliteration code for the maxillary sinus; the closest code is JAF.MK.AA (Repair of maxillary sinus), which shares the same target but uses the broader MK (repair) action axis rather than the specific LA (obliteration) action. The frontal sinus has an explicit obliteration code but ICHI does not encode an equivalent for the maxillary sinus."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14538007"/>
<display value="Obliteration of sacral meningocele"/>
<target>
<code value="ABC.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of spinal meninges"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for meningocele obliteration or sacral-specific meningeal procedures; ABC.MK.AA is the closest match, covering repair of the spinal meninges generally, but does not specify the sacral level or the obliteration technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="59031000087109"/>
<display value="Observational assessment of caregiver behavior"/>
<target>
<code value="VEJ.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of parenting behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for observational assessment of a caregiver broadly; VEJ.AA.ZZ targets parenting behaviours specifically, which overlaps with caregiver behaviour but is narrower (parenting only) and uses "assessment" rather than "observational assessment"."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235574004"/>
<display value="Occlusion of biliary fistula"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of bile duct"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific "occlusion" or "closure of biliary fistula" code — the only biliary-fistula-adjacent code is repair of bile duct (KCM.MK.AA), which covers a broader range of bile duct repair procedures. The action (occlusion/closure of a fistulous tract) and the target (biliary fistula vs. bile duct generally) are both approximate rather than exact matches."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233041009"/>
<display value="Open atrial fenestration"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of atrial septum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Open atrial fenestration" refers to surgically creating an opening in the atrial septum (e.g., Blalock-Hanlon procedure), which is conceptually the same operation as incision of the atrial septum in ICHI; the match is inexact rather than equivalent because ICHI's term implies a simple incision while fenestration denotes deliberate creation of a communication."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450649000"/>
<display value="Open embolization of artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI encodes all artery embolization procedures as endovascular (means .AF); no open surgical embolization of a generic artery exists as a distinct code. IZA.LA.AA captures the open approach (means AA) and occlusion/ligation action (LA) on an unspecified artery, making it the closest structural match, though "occlusion" is broader than embolization specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174866007"/>
<display value="Open enlargement of atrial septal defect"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of atrial septum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "enlargement of atrial septal defect" category; open surgical enlargement of an ASD is achieved by incision of the atrial septum (atrioseptotomy), making HAD.FA.AA the best match with the correct open approach (means AA) and atrial septum target. The ICHI code captures the operative technique but not the specific intent of enlarging a pre-existing defect."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="177955007"/>
<display
value="Open instillation of sclerosing substance into peritoneal cavity"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.DB.AE"/>
<display value="Injection into peritoneum and peritoneal cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KMA.DB.AE covers injection/instillation into the peritoneal cavity, which matches the target and action, but it is coded as percutaneous (AE means) rather than open, and does not specify a sclerosing agent. The open surgical approach and the specific sclerosing substance are both unrepresented, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174250002"/>
<display value="Open laser destruction of lesion of rectum"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of rectum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI only provides a destruction code for rectum via endoscopic approach (AD means), whereas the SNOMED concept specifies open laser destruction. No open-approach destruction code for rectum exists in ICHI, so the approach axis is a mismatch, and the laser instrument is also not captured; the best available code is therefore only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173728007"/>
<display value="Open laser destruction of lesion of stomach"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.GA.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic destruction of lesion or tissue of stomach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="As with the rectum, ICHI only provides a destruction code for stomach via endoscopic approach (AD means), while the SNOMED concept specifies open laser destruction. No open-approach destruction code for stomach exists in ICHI, and the laser instrument is not separately encoded; this is therefore only an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="240294007"/>
<display
value="Open operation for fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia"/>
<target>
<code value="MCX.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of diaphragm"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MCX.MK.AA captures open repair of the diaphragm (means axis AA = open) but does not encode the fetal context or the congenital hernia aetiology; ICHI has no dedicated code for fetal diaphragmatic hernia repair, making this an approximate match that loses the fetal/congenital specificity of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438494009"/>
<display value="Open osteochondral allograft transplantation to knee"/>
<target>
<code value="MMC.KD.AA"/>
<display value="Transplantation of chondrocyte cells of knee joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MMC.KD.AA is the only open-approach transplantation code at the knee cartilage level in ICHI, but it specifies chondrocyte cell transplantation (a cellular graft), whereas an osteochondral allograft is a structural composite of bone and cartilage from a donor — a related but mechanistically distinct procedure with no dedicated ICHI category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="281823006"/>
<display value="Open reduction of dislocated arthroplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction of a joint at an unspecified site, which aligns with the open reduction action on an unspecified joint, but ICHI does not represent the arthroplasty/prosthesis context (i.e., that the dislocation involves an implanted joint replacement rather than a native joint)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="609246008"/>
<display
value="Open reduction of fracture of bone of spine with internal fixation"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures open reduction of a vertebra (correct anatomical region), but the "with internal fixation" component of the SNOMED concept is not represented in any single ICHI code, and MBZ is a residual NEC category covering vertebral sites not specified elsewhere."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="23897002"/>
<display value="Open reduction of fracture of orbit"/>
<target>
<code value="BAM.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of orbit"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI classifies orbital interventions under the visual system (BAM block) rather than the musculoskeletal facial bone section, and has no dedicated "open reduction of orbit" code. BAM.MK.AA (Repair of orbit) is the closest match but uses broader repair terminology and does not specify an open surgical approach or fracture reduction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="608867005"/>
<display
value="Open reduction of fracture of orbit with insertion of implant into bone of orbit"/>
<target>
<code value="BAM.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of orbit"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BAM.ML.AA (Reconstruction of orbit) best captures the compound nature of this procedure — fracture reduction plus implant insertion into the orbital bone constitutes orbital reconstruction. It is still an inexact match because the open reduction and specific implant insertion detail are not explicitly encoded."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450710009"/>
<display value="Open repair of extraarticular ligament"/>
<target>
<code value="MNL.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Incision of ligament or fascia of lower leg"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for open repair of an unspecified extraarticular ligament; the lower leg ligament block contains only incision and division codes with no repair/reconstruction equivalent, making any mapping approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="73171008"/>
<display value="Operation for anti-incontinence"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Suspension procedures on bladder neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is a broad category covering any surgical anti-incontinence operation, whereas NAK.LC.AA captures only bladder neck suspension — the most common open surgical anti-incontinence approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239228006"/>
<display value="Operation on lesion of bursa"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated bursa target with procedure codes; bursa-related interventions fall under the soft tissue classification. MRS.JI.AA is the closest approximation, but it is both too narrow (implying excision only, not all operations) and too broad in target (soft tissue generally, not bursa specifically), making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239217007"/>
<display value="Operation on lesion of fascia"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has site-specific "local excision of lesion of ligament or fascia" codes (e.g. MDL.JI.AA for shoulder, MEL.JI.AA for elbow) but no unspecified-site fascia lesion excision code, and no generic "operation on lesion of fascia" grouper. MRS.JI.AA is the closest available code, but it applies to soft tissue broadly rather than fascia specifically and implies excision rather than any operation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233037005"/>
<display value="Operation to close an interatrial communication"/>
<target>
<code value="HAD.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Closure of interatrial communication with patch or device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HAD.ML.AA is the closest single ICHI code for surgical closure of an interatrial communication (ASD), but the SNOMED concept covers all closure techniques (including partial closure HAD.LL.AA and percutaneous HAD.ML.AF), so no single ICHI category captures the full breadth; HAD.ML.AA represents the most common open surgical technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="726582005"/>
<display value="Opiate therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.DB.AC"/>
<display value="Oral or enteral medication for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Opiate therapy is primarily administered for pain management and most commonly via oral/enteral route, making AXA.DB.AC the closest ICHI match; however, opiates can be used for non-pain indications (e.g., cough suppression, diarrhoea) and via multiple routes, and the ICHI code does not specify the drug class."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312600002"/>
<display value="Oral frenectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KAA.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of labial fraenum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "oral frenectomy" code; the closest specific codes are KAA.FB.AA (labial frenulum) and KAB.FB.AC (lingual frenulum), but neither covers the full breadth of the SNOMED term. KAA.FB.AA is chosen as the most representative single code, though it is site-restricted to the lip and uses "division" rather than excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234931000"/>
<display value="Oral irrigation"/>
<target>
<code value="KAG.JA.AC"/>
<display value="Irrigation of gingiva"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's only oral irrigation code is site-specific to the gingiva, whereas the SNOMED concept encompasses irrigation of the entire oral cavity; this makes it an approximate match — capturing the procedure type (irrigation in the oral cavity) but not the full anatomical scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120090001"/>
<display value="Orbit closure"/>
<target>
<code value="BAM.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of orbit"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Orbit closure" is a reconstructive procedure restoring the orbital walls/volume that aligns most closely with "Repair of orbit"; however, ICHI's repair code is a broad category that does not specifically denote a closure procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="288162005"/>
<display value="Orthopedic device removal"/>
<target>
<code value="MZZ.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MZZ.JD.AA covers removal of an internal device, whereas the SNOMED concept also encompasses external devices (casts, splints, braces, external fixators); no single ICHI code captures removal of all orthopedic device types."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="243214009"/>
<display value="Orthoptic treatment - Fresnel prisms"/>
<target>
<code value="BT2.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for seeing and related functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Fresnel prism application is a therapeutic optical intervention for binocular vision disorders that does not fit neatly into ICHI's surgery, assessment, or training categories; BT2.PG.ZZ is the closest available approximation but imperfectly captures a passive optical device prescription."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="419154004"/>
<display value="Orthoptic treatment -prism in spectacles"/>
<target>
<code value="BT2.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for seeing and related functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Prescribing prisms ground into spectacles is a therapeutic optical intervention for binocular dysfunction with no direct ICHI counterpart; BT2.PG.ZZ is the closest available category but is an imprecise match for a spectacle lens prescription."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1263477007"/>
<display value="Osteoplasty of carpal bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MGB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft to bone of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a specific code for carpal bones; MGB.ML.AA is the closest match but is anatomically broader (covering all hand and finger bones) and specifically frames the procedure as a bone graft rather than generalized osteoplasty."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14587009"/>
<display value="Osteoplasty of humerus"/>
<target>
<code value="MEB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft to humerus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a generic "osteoplasty of humerus" code; MEB.ML.AA (bone graft) is the best available approximation of the broader reconstructive intent but remains imprecise."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="736955003"/>
<display
value="Osteoporotic fracture probability assessment using FRAX (fracture risk assessment tool)"/>
<target>
<code value="MZZ.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of musculoskeletal system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="FRAX is a validated clinical scoring tool for estimating 10-year osteoporotic fracture probability; ICHI has no code for fracture risk scoring, so MZZ.AA.ZZ is the closest residual category but does not capture the specific risk-prediction nature."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439793006"/>
<display
value="Osteotomy and discectomy of cervical spine by anterior approach"/>
<target>
<code value="MBA.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Osteotomy of cervical spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has separate codes for cervical osteotomy and cervical discectomy but no combined code; the anterior approach is also not captured. The osteotomy is mapped as the primary procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439275009"/>
<display
value="Osteotomy and discectomy of thoracic spine by anterior approach"/>
<target>
<code value="MBG.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Osteotomy of thoracic spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI provides distinct codes for thoracic osteotomy and discectomy but no combined code or anterior-approach specification; the osteotomy is mapped as the primary procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="91243005"/>
<display value="Osteotomy and transfer of greater trochanter"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Osteotomy of femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The greater trochanter is part of the proximal femur and ICHI has no dedicated trochanter code; MLB.FA.AA covers the osteotomy component but the "transfer" (repositioning and reattachment) is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410097004"/>
<display value="Pacemaker care education"/>
<target>
<code value="HT2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about functions of the cardiovascular system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists specifically for pacemaker care education; HT2.PM.ZZ is the best available match as it covers cardiovascular system education under which pacemaker-related patient education would fall, but it is a residual NEC category broader than the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302398002"/>
<display value="Painting of warts"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DB.AH"/>
<display
value="External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Painting of warts" refers to topical application of a chemical agent to cutaneous warts; ICHI has no wart-specific or site-specific code for this, and LZZ.DB.AH is the best available match though it does not specify the wart target or the destructive intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287425000"/>
<display value="Palate excision"/>
<target>
<code value="KAT.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of hard palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Palate excision" is unspecified as to hard vs soft palate and partial vs total, making an exact match impossible; KAT.JJ.AA (partial excision of hard palate) is chosen as the closest representative code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287426004"/>
<display value="Palate incision - drainage"/>
<target>
<code value="KAS.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Drainage of soft palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Incision-and-drainage of the palate most commonly refers to an abscess of the soft palate; the SNOMED concept does not specify hard vs soft palate, and ICHI has no combined "incision and drainage" code — the drainage code implicitly covers this."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119937009"/>
<display value="Pancreas reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="KCO.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of pancreas"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated reconstruction-of-pancreas code; KCO.MK.AA (Repair of pancreas) conflates closure, suture, and reconstruction concepts without distinguishing reconstructive intent, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="32419005"/>
<display
value="Parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration by cervical approach"/>
<target>
<code value="EBB.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Complete parathyroidectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single code combining parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration; the cervical approach is an access technique not separately coded in ICHI, and the mediastinal exploration component would need to be captured as a second code. EBB.JK.AA covers the primary parathyroid excision but omits the mediastinal exploration and approach specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="21537002"/>
<display
value="Parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration by sternal split approach"/>
<target>
<code value="EBB.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Complete parathyroidectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined code for parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration via sternotomy; the sternal split (median sternotomy) approach is an access technique that would require a separate ICHI code alongside EBB.JK.AA, so the single best code captures only the parathyroid excision component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="63382008"/>
<display
value="Parathyroidectomy with mediastinal exploration by transthoracic approach"/>
<target>
<code value="EBB.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Complete parathyroidectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The transthoracic approach implies a thoracotomy to access the mediastinum combined with parathyroid excision, but ICHI has no single composite code for this procedure; EBB.JK.AA captures the parathyroid excision component only, and the thoracotomy-based mediastinal exploration is not reflected."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="700446001"/>
<display value="Parent-infant psychotherapy"/>
<target>
<code value="VEJ.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display value="Psychotherapy for parenting behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for dyadic parent-infant psychotherapy; VEJ.PQ.ZZ (psychotherapy targeting parenting behaviours) is the closest available code, capturing the parenting focus and psychotherapy modality, but it does not encode the infant as a co-participant or the relational/attachment-based dyadic nature of the intervention."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="340922009"/>
<display value="Partial hip replacement by cup"/>
<target>
<code value="MLJ.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into hip joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated hemiarthroplasty or cup arthroplasty code in the hip joint block; the cup component of a partial hip replacement is best approximated by "Implantation of device into hip joint" (MLJ.DN.AA), but this code does not capture the concurrent partial bone resection or the specific cup-only (acetabular resurfacing) nature of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="51116004"/>
<display value="Passive immunization"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Intravenous administration of immunological agent"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated code for passive immunization as a concept; the closest match is intravenous administration of an immunological agent (e.g., IVIG or immune globulin), which captures the predominant clinical route, but ICHI codes in DTB.DB are route-specific rather than mechanism-specific and do not collectively encode the concept of passive (antibody-mediated) immunity transfer across all routes."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="13573001"/>
<display value="Patellapexy"/>
<target>
<code value="MMP.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Patellar stabilisation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Patellapexy is surgical fixation/suturing of the patella to correct instability or dislocation, and "Patellar stabilisation" is the closest functional equivalent in ICHI; however, "stabilisation" is broader and may include non-surgical or device-based techniques rather than specifically referring to a pexy (suture fixation) procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385719000"/>
<display value="Patient counseling education"/>
<target>
<code value="SMH.PP.ZZ"/>
<display value="Counselling about looking after one's health"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SMH.PP.ZZ represents counselling focused on the self-care domain of looking after one's health, which captures the general patient counselling/health education intent, but the SNOMED concept is broader (patient counseling on any topic) while the ICHI code anchors to a self-care context specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385818002"/>
<display value="Patient feeding technique management"/>
<target>
<code value="SMF.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with eating"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Feeding technique management" implies active clinical oversight and hands-on management of how a patient feeds, which aligns most closely with "Practical support with eating" (SMF.RB.ZZ) — the ICHI action denoting direct facilitative/supportive intervention on eating. The match is approximate because ICHI does not capture the clinical management/care-planning dimension of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="399302007"/>
<display value="PCR test for Dengue virus"/>
<target>
<code value="XG90U4"/>
<display value="Qualitative dengue virus nucleic acid test"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="XG90U4 matches on both the target organism (Dengue virus) and the nucleic acid / molecular method, making it the closest available code; the match is inexact because "qualitative nucleic acid test" is not fully synonymous with PCR specifically, and PCR can be run quantitatively, so there is a minor method-level mismatch."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="399256002"/>
<display value="PCR test for HIV 1"/>
<target>
<code value="XG52S2"/>
<display value="Qualitative HIV virological nucleic acid test"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="XG52S2 matches on both target (HIV) and molecular/nucleic acid method, and is the most specific available code; the match is inexact because it does not distinguish HIV-1 from HIV-2, and "qualitative" does not fully capture PCR which can be quantitative, introducing both organism-specificity and method-level gaps."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442876001"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous drainage of retroperitoneal abscess using ultrasound guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of peritoneal cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated retroperitoneal space drainage code; KMA.JB.AE covers the peritoneal cavity rather than the retroperitoneal space, an anatomically approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="257828004"/>
<display value="Percutaneous fixation of bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LC.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous application of external immobilisation device to bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses "external immobilisation device" rather than fixation; action axis (LC) does not precisely distinguish internal hardware fixation from external devices."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174473008"/>
<display value="Percutaneous removal of calculus from liver"/>
<target>
<code value="KCA.JD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from liver"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No dedicated code for percutaneous calculus extraction from liver parenchyma; the closest code's action axis (JD) does not precisely represent calculus/stone extraction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="277994007"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous removal of foreign body from coronary artery"/>
<target>
<code value="HIA.JE.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular extraction of obstruction from coronary artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No dedicated code for percutaneous foreign body removal from coronary artery; "obstruction" is broader than "foreign body" and action axis differs from JD."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="428391009"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of congenital heart malformation"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for ablation specifically targeting a congenital heart malformation; HFC.GA.AF captures the percutaneous transluminal approach and ablation action on the heart but is scoped to the cardiac conduction system rather than a congenital structural malformation, making it a poor but nearest available match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1354591005"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of myocardium of cardiac septum"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no ablation code with the septal myocardium as target; the myocardium block (BlockL5-HFD) lacks any ablation entry, so HFC.GA.AF is the closest in approach (percutaneous transluminal) and action (ablation) but targets the conducting system rather than the septal myocardium itself."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1348322009"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of septum of heart using alcohol"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Alcohol septal ablation (TASH) targets the interventricular septal myocardium via transcoronary alcohol injection to reduce outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; ICHI has no dedicated code for this, and HFC.GA.AF shares the percutaneous transluminal approach and ablation action but misrepresents the target (conducting system vs. septal myocardium) and omits the alcohol means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="442328006"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of septum of heart using chemical substance"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is a broader form of alcohol septal ablation covering any chemical substance used for percutaneous septal ablation; ICHI equally lacks a dedicated code, and HFC.GA.AF is the nearest available option with the same approach and action but an incorrect target axis and no representation of the chemical means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="428290007"/>
<display value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of wall of atrium"/>
<target>
<code value="HFC.GA.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal ablation of cardiac conduction system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both codes share the same action (ablation, GA) and means (percutaneous transluminal, AF), but the ICHI target is the cardiac conduction system (HFC block) rather than the atrial wall myocardium; no dedicated ICHI code exists for percutaneous ablation of the atrial wall itself."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="426059008"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal thrombolysis of blood vessel of liver"/>
<target>
<code value="IEF.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Thrombolysis of portal vein and branches"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept refers broadly to any blood vessel of the liver (hepatic artery, hepatic vein, or portal vein), while the best ICHI match IEF.DB.AF covers only the portal vein and its branches via a percutaneous transluminal approach. No single ICHI code captures the full vascular scope of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="88058003"/>
<display value="Perfusion"/>
<target>
<code value="PSA.DD.AF"/>
<display value="Cardiopulmonary bypass"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Perfusion" as a generic SNOMED concept encompasses any delivery of fluid through tissue/organ, including but not limited to cardiopulmonary bypass; PSA.DD.AF is the most prominent perfusion-type procedure in ICHI but represents only one specific application. No generic "perfusion" parent code exists in ICHI, making any assignment an inexact approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287286003"/>
<display value="Pericardial decortication"/>
<target>
<code value="HFF.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of adhesions of pericardium"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pericardial decortication (surgical stripping of a thickened, calcified, or fibrotic pericardial "peel" to restore cardiac compliance, typically for constrictive pericarditis) is functionally related to release of pericardial adhesions, which is the closest ICHI concept. However, decortication implies removal of a constrictive fibrous layer rather than lysis of adhesions, and the surgical scope is substantially greater."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="13398004"/>
<display value="Perilymphatic tap"/>
<target>
<code value="CCA.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Drainage of inner ear"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A perilymphatic tap involves accessing the inner ear's perilymphatic space to sample or drain perilymph fluid, which overlaps with "Drainage of inner ear" in both target and action; however, ICHI does not distinguish the perilymphatic compartment specifically, and "tap" may imply diagnostic aspiration rather than therapeutic drainage."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="2406000"/>
<display value="Periodontic dental consultation and report"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.AE.AC"/>
<display value="Dental examination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no concept for "consultation and report" nor for a periodontics-specialist encounter; KAE.AE.AC (Dental examination) is the closest available assessment-type code within the oral/dental section, but it is scoped to teeth rather than the periodontium and does not capture the consultation or reporting component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="252366003"/>
<display value="Peripheral blood lymphocyte cross-match"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of functions of the immunological system"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no specific code for lymphocyte crossmatch or histocompatibility testing. The immunological system function test category captures the immunological domain of the procedure but is far broader and does not specify the crossmatch methodology or target cells."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120183008"/>
<display value="Peritoneum closure"/>
<target>
<code value="KMA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of peritoneum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Peritoneum closure (suturing/closing the peritoneum, typically as part of another procedure) most closely corresponds to repair of peritoneum in ICHI, but "repair" is a broader concept that can include closure of defects, wounds, or hernias, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287421009"/>
<display value="Pharyngeal web division"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of oral pharyngeal adhesions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a specific code for pharyngeal web division; KAR.FC.AA is the functionally closest match — both involve releasing or dividing obstructive tissue in the pharynx — but a web and adhesions are distinct pathological entities, making this an approximate rather than equivalent mapping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="13403003"/>
<display value="Pharyngoesophageal repair"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined pharyngoesophageal repair code; the SNOMED concept spans the pharynx–oesophageal junction. KAR.MK.AA captures the pharyngeal component, but the oesophageal component (cf. KBA.MK.AA — Repair of oesophagus) is not represented, making this only an approximate match for the full procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="87724004"/>
<display value="Photosensitivity test"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Provocation test, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A photosensitivity test is a structured provocation of the skin with calibrated light doses to assess abnormal light reactions, which fits the general concept of a provocation test; however, ICHI has no specific light provocation or phototesting code, and PZA.AC.ZZ is a whole-body NEC residual code that does not capture the dermatological or light-specific nature of the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="183130005"/>
<display value="Physiological visual assistance"/>
<target>
<code value="BT2.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for seeing and related functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Physiological visual assistance" implies functional support or exercise to assist remaining visual capacity, which approximates BT2.PG.ZZ. No closer ICHI code exists; this functional-assistance code captures the rehabilitative intent but is not a precise semantic match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="408860000"/>
<display value="Plastic operation on hand with implant"/>
<target>
<code value="MGJ.DN.AA"/>
<display value="Implantation of device into finger or hand joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a single generic "plastic operation on hand with implant" code; the best match captures implant placement in the hand, but presupposes the target is the joint structure rather than other hand tissues (soft tissue, bone, or skin), making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="703715003"/>
<display value="Plastic operation on trachea"/>
<target>
<code value="JBA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of trachea"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Plastic operation on trachea" encompasses both repair and reconstruction; ICHI offers both JBA.MK.AA (repair) and JBA.ML.AA (reconstruction). JBA.ML.AA is the closer match to "plastic operation" as a surgical reshaping concept, though the SNOMED term is broader."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119754009"/>
<display value="Pleura reconstruction"/>
<target>
<code value="JCA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of pleura"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ML (reconstruction) code exists for pleura in ICHI; "Repair of pleura" is the closest available code, though repair implies restoring integrity after injury whereas reconstruction implies a more extensive structural rebuilding."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="23979009"/>
<display value="Pleurectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="JCA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of pleura"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pleurectomy maps most commonly to partial excision of pleura, as pleurectomy in clinical practice is typically partial; however the SNOMED term is unspecified as to extent, and ICHI also has JCA.JK.AA (Total excision), so neither alone is a precise equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312302004"/>
<display value="Plication of ascending aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of ascending aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a specific plication code for the ascending aorta; HIF.ML.AA is the closest match because aortic plication (folding/reducing the aortic wall) is a reconstructive technique, but the ICHI code covers a wider range of reconstructive approaches beyond plication alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178859000"/>
<display value="Plication of sagittal bands of fingers"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of tendon of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The sagittal bands of the fingers are part of the extensor hood mechanism overlying the MCP joints, and their plication is a soft-tissue repair of that structure; ICHI has no dedicated code for sagittal band plication, and the closest available code covers repair of the tendon of the hand or finger, which is anatomically adjacent but not identical to the sagittal band retinaculum."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="41184001"/>
<display value="Plication of tendon"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.LL.AA"/>
<display value="Shortening of tendon of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Tendon plication is performed to tighten and shorten a lax tendon through suture folding, making shortening the functionally closest ICHI action; however, "shortening" in ICHI typically implies formal shortening procedures rather than suture plication specifically, and the site is unspecified rather than a body-part-specific code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="37301005"/>
<display value="Plication of urethrovesical junction"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Suspension procedures on bladder neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The urethrovesical junction is anatomically synonymous with the bladder neck (NAK block in ICHI), and plication of this junction is classically performed as a continence procedure functionally equivalent to bladder neck suspension; however, plication (suture tightening) and suspension (structural lifting) are distinct surgical techniques, making this an inexact rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410220004"/>
<display value="Positioning therapy assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="SHD.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of maintaining body position"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Positioning therapy assessment evaluates how a patient responds to and tolerates therapeutic positioning, which aligns most closely with assessing the maintenance of a body position; ICHI does not have a dedicated "positioning therapy assessment" concept, and SHA.AA.ZZ (assessment of changing body position) is an alternative but the therapeutic focus of positioning therapy is predominantly on sustained postures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410221000"/>
<display value="Positioning therapy education"/>
<target>
<code value="SHD.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in maintaining body position"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Positioning therapy education involves instructing patients or carers in therapeutic positioning techniques, which maps most closely to training in maintaining a body position; sustained therapeutic positioning aligns better with SHD than SHA, but ICHI separates "education" (PM) from "training" (PH) and has no "positioning therapy" specific node."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699580006"/>
<display value="Postmortem imaging procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.BA.BC"/>
<display value="Computerised tomography of whole body"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no concept of postmortem imaging as a distinct category; the closest structural candidates are whole-body imaging codes under BlockL6-PZA, but none carries the postmortem qualifier. PZA.BA.BC (CT of whole body) is selected as the most commonly performed postmortem imaging modality (virtopsy/forensic CT), but the match is inexact as the modality is not specified in the SNOMED concept and the postmortem context is absent from ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="313211008"/>
<display value="Posture education"/>
<target>
<code value="SHA.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about changing body position"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Posture education involves instructing patients on maintaining correct body alignment, which maps most closely to the body position education codes (SHA/SHD block); SHA.PM.ZZ (education about changing body position) is the best available fit, but posture is about sustained alignment rather than movement transitions, and a parallel "education about maintaining body position" code does not exist as an assignable category in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386463000"/>
<display value="Prescribed activity/exercise education"/>
<target>
<code value="VEB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education to influence physical activity behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VEB.PM.ZZ covers education targeting physical activity behaviours, which aligns with the educational component of the SNOMED concept; however, the SNOMED concept also emphasises the prescriptive/prescribed nature of the activity (exercise prescription), which is better captured by VEB.TI.ZZ, though neither code alone is an exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178688001"/>
<display value="Primary bedrest stabilization of spinal fracture"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LC.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of external immobilisation device to spine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Bedrest is a conservative positional immobilisation strategy for spinal fractures and does not precisely equate to applying an external immobilisation device; however, MBZ.LC.AH is the closest ICHI concept covering non-surgical spinal stabilisation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="429615002"/>
<display
value="Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe"/>
<target>
<code value="MBV.GA.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous destruction of intervertebral disc, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept is itself site-unspecified, matching MBV.GA.AE's unspecified-site scope; however, the ICHI code uses the general action "destruction" rather than specifying thermocoagulation or radiofrequency as the means, making the match approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="429617005"/>
<display
value="Primary percutaneous intradiscal thermocoagulation of lumbar intervertebral disc using radiofrequency probe"/>
<target>
<code value="MBN.GA.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous destruction of lumbar intervertebral disc"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MBN.GA.AE matches the lumbar site and the percutaneous approach exactly, and thermocoagulation using a radiofrequency probe is a form of disc destruction; however, ICHI does not distinguish the specific technique (radiofrequency thermocoagulation) within the means axis, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="230937006"/>
<display value="Procedure for monitoring intracranial pressure"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.AI.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous monitoring of the brain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for intracranial pressure monitoring; AAA.AI.AE (percutaneous monitoring of the brain) is the closest match within the "Monitoring interventions of the brain" block, capturing the percutaneous approach used for ICP bolt/transducer placement, but the target is the brain generically rather than intracranial pressure specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="118482006"/>
<display value="Procedure to abduct extremity"/>
<target>
<code value="MTB.LD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Positioning for joint mobility"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for abduction of an extremity as a procedure; MTB.LD.ZZ "Positioning for joint mobility" is the closest match because abducting an extremity is a positioning act performed to achieve or maintain joint range of motion. The match is inexact because MTB.LD.ZZ is a rehabilitation-targeted positioning concept covering all joint mobility, not specifically abduction or extremities."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="35152000"/>
<display value="Prostatolithotomy"/>
<target>
<code value="NGA.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from prostate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Prostatolithotomy is surgical incision of the prostate to remove a calculus; ICHI has no dedicated prostate calculus extraction code. NGA.JD.AA is the closest conceptual match, as a prostatic calculus is analogous to a foreign body being extracted, though the incision aspect is not captured and the ICHI code's primary intent is device/foreign body removal rather than lithotomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312616000"/>
<display value="Provision of mainstream further education"/>
<target>
<code value="STG.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with engaging in higher education"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Mainstream further education" aligns most closely with higher education participation support in ICHI; STG.RB.ZZ covers practical support for engaging in higher education, though it represents an intervention to facilitate participation rather than the direct provision/arrangement of an educational programme."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="425249005"/>
<display value="Provision of overbed trapeze"/>
<target>
<code value="UAE.DP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Installation of assistive products for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="An overbed trapeze is an assistive device that aids bed mobility and repositioning; UAE.DP.ZZ covers installation of assistive products for personal mobility, which is the closest available ICHI category. The match is approximate because ICHI targets indoor/outdoor mobility and transportation rather than in-bed mobility aids specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312625006"/>
<display value="Provision of specialist peripatetic education"/>
<target>
<code value="STE.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with engaging in school education"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Peripatetic education refers to itinerant outreach teaching delivered to children unable to attend a fixed school, which differs structurally from standard school attendance implied by ICHI's STE target; the delivery model (mobile/outreach) is absent from ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312628008"/>
<display value="Provision of support as Braille user"/>
<target>
<code value="SCF.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with reading"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Braille is a tactile reading and writing system; SCF.RB.ZZ captures the functional reading activity but does not specify the Braille modality or the writing component, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312629000"/>
<display value="Provision of support as Makaton user"/>
<target>
<code value="SFJ.RB.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Practical support with producing messages in sign languages"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Makaton uses symbols, signs, and speech to support communication; SFJ.RB.ZZ covers the signing component but Makaton also encompasses symbols and speech, so the match is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699822008"/>
<display
value="Provision of written information about bowel preparation for procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="KT2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about functions of the digestive system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for education about pre-procedural bowel preparation; KT2.PM.ZZ is the closest anatomically relevant education code but covers digestive system functions broadly rather than procedure preparation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699836003"/>
<display value="Provision of written information about bronchoscopy"/>
<target>
<code value="JT2.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education about functions of the respiratory system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI education code exists for bronchoscopy as a procedure; JT2.PM.ZZ addresses the respiratory system as a functional domain rather than information provision about a specific diagnostic/therapeutic procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="715894001"/>
<display
value="Provision of written information about diabetes mellitus"/>
<target>
<code value="ETB.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about general metabolic functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ETB.PM.ZZ is the closest ICHI match for patient education about diabetes mellitus, as ICHI classifies diabetes under general metabolic functions; the code is broader than diabetes alone and does not specify the written modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="108311000"/>
<display value="Psychiatric procedure, interview AND/OR consultation"/>
<target>
<code value="AS1.AN.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Interview in relation to mental functions, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Best available code for a psychiatric interview targeting mental functions; however, it covers only the interview action and does not capture the consultation component or restrict to a formal psychiatric encounter."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31205005"/>
<display value="Psychiatric therapeutic procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="AS1.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display value="Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED grouper covers any psychiatric therapy (pharmacotherapy, ECT, psychotherapy); AS1.PQ.ZZ captures only the psychotherapy modality under that umbrella, an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="397074006"/>
<display value="Psychologic desensitization therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Psychotherapy for the whole person, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Systematic desensitization is a specific behavioural psychotherapy technique with no dedicated ICHI code; PZB.PQ.ZZ is a NEC psychotherapy fit, an approximate match that does not specify target or behavioural technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="401083009"/>
<display value="Psychological well-being education"/>
<target>
<code value="VEL.PM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Education to influence behaviours related to psychological health and wellbeing"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VEL.PM.ZZ covers education targeting psychological health and wellbeing but sits in the health-behaviour chapter (behaviour change focus), making it an approximate rather than equivalent match to direct knowledge-provision/psychoeducation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1222582007"/>
<display value="PTK - phototherapeutic keratectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="BBB.GA.AH"/>
<display value="Destruction of corneal lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PTK uses an excimer laser to ablate superficial corneal tissue without incision, aligning with destruction without incision on cornea, but PTK targets corneal tissue broadly rather than a discrete lesion and the laser/phototherapeutic means is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="32723001"/>
<display value="Puncture and drainage of Rathke's pouch"/>
<target>
<code value="EAA.JB.AA"/>
<display value="Drainage of pituitary gland"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Rathke's pouch is an embryological remnant intimately associated with the pituitary gland; ICHI has no dedicated code (XA9787 is an extension/anatomy code only), so drainage of pituitary gland is the closest procedural parent but the anatomical target is not precisely equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="236192006"/>
<display value="Push-bang operation for ureteric calculus"/>
<target>
<code value="NAE.JE.AD"/>
<display value="Transurethral extraction of calculus from ureter"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The push-bang technique is a composite procedure (retrograde manipulation of the stone into the renal pelvis followed by lithotripsy); NAE.JE.AD reflects the retrograde ureteral approach and calculus management intent but does not encode the repositioning or subsequent lithotripsy steps."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="173794002"/>
<display value="Pyloromyotomy and wedge resection"/>
<target>
<code value="KBF.LG.AA"/>
<display value="Pyloroplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for pyloromyotomy or combined pyloromyotomy with wedge resection; KBF.LG.AA covers open surgical reconstruction of the pyloric outlet, but pyloroplasty is a distinct technique (full-thickness longitudinal incision with transverse closure)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="31606002"/>
<display
value="Radical maxillary sinusotomy with removal of antrochoanal polyps"/>
<target>
<code value="JAF.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Radical maxillary antrotomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JAF.FA.AA describes a radical opening of the maxillary sinus (Caldwell-Luc procedure class) which matches the radical sinusotomy component, but ICHI does not capture the additional element of antrochoanal polyp removal."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="363269004"/>
<display value="Radical resection of soft tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no "radical excision" (JL action) code for any soft tissue target; MRS.JJ.AA is the best available approximation but differs in both the degree of radicality and the implied clinical intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="12135002"/>
<display
value="Radical resection of tumor of soft tissue of ankle area"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of lesion of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for radical resection of soft tissue at the ankle; MRS.JI.AA captures the lesion-directed excision intent but differs in anatomical site specificity and radicality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="85732008"/>
<display value="Radiculectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ABN.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of intraspinal nerve root"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Radiculectomy is surgical excision or section of a spinal nerve root; ABN.FB.AA captures the same target and closest action (division/cutting), but "division" does not fully convey excision/removal of the root segment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1287994008"/>
<display value="Radiofrequency ablation of neoplasm of bile duct"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.GA.AF"/>
<display value="Percutaneous destruction of bile ducts"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code refers to the ducts broadly rather than a specific neoplastic lesion and does not encode RFA modality; RFA of bile duct neoplasms is also frequently performed endoscopically rather than percutaneously."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="171905008"/>
<display
value="Radiofrequency destruction of thoracic sympathetic nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ADC.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The target matches exactly but ICHI has no destruction/RF code for this nerve — only excision and anaesthetic injection; the means (RFA vs. open surgical excision) differs fundamentally."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="404222008"/>
<display value="Radionuclide blood pool study"/>
<target>
<code value="HTB.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Cardiac output scan, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Radionuclide blood pool studies (e.g. MUGA gated scan) are primarily used to measure cardiac ejection fraction and output using radioisotope-labelled blood; HTB.BA.BE sits in the cardiac functions imaging block and captures the cardiac output measurement purpose, though it does not specify the radionuclide blood-pool technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="433027003"/>
<display value="Radionuclide defecating proctography"/>
<target>
<code value="KTK.AC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Test of defaecation functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KTK.AC.ZZ correctly encodes functional testing of defaecation, which matches the clinical purpose of defecating proctography; however, it does not capture the radionuclide/scintigraphic imaging modality that distinguishes this procedure from conventional (X-ray) defaecating proctography."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="303870001"/>
<display value="Radionuclide male genital system study"/>
<target>
<code value="NGL.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Nuclear imaging study of the testis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's most specific nuclear imaging code under the male genital system is at the testis level (NGL.BA.BE), which matches the most common clinical use (scrotal/testicular scintigraphy), but the SNOMED concept refers to the male genital system more broadly and could include other structures such as the prostate or seminal vesicles not captured by this code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="706951006"/>
<display
value="Radionuclide non-imaging glomerular filtration rate estimation study"/>
<target>
<code value="NAA.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Nuclear imaging study of the kidney"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is explicitly a non-imaging study (plasma clearance technique for GFR quantification using a radionuclide tracer without a gamma camera scan), whereas NAA.BA.BE implies a nuclear imaging/scintigraphic procedure; it is the closest available code in the kidney block but misrepresents the non-imaging nature of the SNOMED procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="169355005"/>
<display value="Radiotherapy by infusion of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of bladder by radiotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NAI.GA.BA covers radiotherapy applied to the bladder but does not specify the intracavitary infusion route; it is the only ICHI code for bladder radiotherapy and represents an approximate rather than exact match to this intravesical delivery method."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="429774000"/>
<display value="Radiotherapy to abdomen"/>
<target>
<code value="DFF.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of abdominal or pelvic lymph node by radiotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no general "radiotherapy to abdomen" code; DFF.GA.BA is the only abdominal radiotherapy code available, but it is limited to abdominal or pelvic lymph nodes by radiotherapy, making it a narrow subset of the broader SNOMED concept that encompasses any abdominal tissue target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="428412000"/>
<display value="Radiotherapy to head"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.GA.BA"/>
<display
value="Destruction of lesion or tissue of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of head or neck by radiotherapy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for general head radiotherapy; LAA.GA.BA is the closest available option targeting the head region by radiotherapy, but it is restricted to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the head or neck and also includes the neck, making it both narrower in anatomical target (skin only) and wider in anatomical scope (head and neck vs. head alone) than the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="171809001"/>
<display value="Radiotherapy to lesion of peripheral nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.GA.AA"/>
<display value="Destruction of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI codes destruction of peripheral nerve (ACA.GA.AA) but has no radiation-specific variant (no ACA.GA.BA exists), so the means axis does not specify radiotherapy; the code captures the target and action but omits the radiotherapy modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410086004"/>
<display value="Range of motion management"/>
<target>
<code value="MTB.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of joint mobility"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Range of motion management" is a broad clinical concept encompassing assessment, exercise, and therapeutic maintenance of joint mobility; MTB.PH.ZZ (Training of joint mobility) is the closest single ICHI code but captures only the active training/exercise component, not the full management spectrum."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="238256008"/>
<display value="Re-exploration of abdomen"/>
<target>
<code value="PAL.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Reopening of recent laparotomy site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's "Reopening of recent laparotomy site" captures the re-operative abdominal entry, but restricts it to a "recent" laparotomy site whereas abdominal re-exploration may occur after any prior surgery; the intent of exploratory re-entry is shared but the scope differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="257899004"/>
<display value="Realignment and suture of posterior urethra"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.LB.AA"/>
<display value="Anastomosis of urethra"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Urethral realignment and suture (typically for post-traumatic disruption) is closest to urethral anastomosis — both involve re-joining the urethra — but ICHI does not encode the "posterior" specificity or the explicit suture component, and "anastomosis" implies end-to-end joining which may not always match the technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="48588001"/>
<display value="Reattachment of nerve"/>
<target>
<code value="ACA.LB.AA"/>
<display value="Anastomosis of peripheral nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Nerve reattachment is performed surgically as neurorrhaphy/anastomosis (joining severed nerve ends), making ACA.LB.AA the closest procedural equivalent. ICHI's code is specific to peripheral nerve, while the SNOMED concept is unspecified as to nerve type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="11685005"/>
<display value="Recession of tendon"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.LK.AA"/>
<display value="Lengthening of tendon of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Tendon recession involves detaching and reattaching a tendon at a more proximal point, which functionally lengthens the tendon unit — making MRT.LK.AA an approximate but not semantically exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304505006"/>
<display value="Recommendation regarding functional activity"/>
<target>
<code value="VEB.PN.ZZ"/>
<display value="Advising about physical activity behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Functional activity" in SNOMED encompasses a broad range of activities beyond physical exercise (e.g., occupational, cognitive), so VEB.PN.ZZ is an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304979007"/>
<display value="Recommendation regarding seeking help"/>
<target>
<code value="UEP.PN.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Advising about health services, systems and policies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Seeking help" refers broadly to recommending a patient engage with support or health services; the match is approximate because UEP.PN.ZZ is oriented toward systems and policy advising rather than the personal clinical act of encouraging a patient to seek help."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439410009"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of bone of thoracic dorsal spine"/>
<target>
<code value="MBG.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft to thoracic spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MBG.ML.AA is the only ICHI code under the thoracic vertebral column block that involves reconstructive/grafting work on thoracic spinal bone; however, it specifically denotes bone grafting rather than the broader concept of bone reconstruction (which may include non-graft reconstructive techniques)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="303445008"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of breast with flap"/>
<target>
<code value="LCA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of breast"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LCA.ML.AA is semantically very close — both describe breast reconstruction — but the SNOMED concept specifies a flap technique whereas ICHI does not distinguish method; the match is approximate rather than exact because the flap qualifier is lost."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438488001"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of cranial and facial bones using autograft"/>
<target>
<code value="MAB.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of facial bone, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates skull (MAA.ML.AA) from facial bones (MAB.ML.AA), whereas the SNOMED concept covers both cranial and facial bones together as a combined reconstruction; neither code alone captures the full scope, and neither specifies autograft as a means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172907002"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with bone graft"/>
<target>
<code value="JAF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of maxillary sinus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has separate reconstruction codes per individual nasal sinus (JAF for maxillary, JAG for frontal, etc.) but lacks a generic "nasal sinus reconstruction" code; JAF.ML.AA is the closest available category, though the SNOMED concept is sinus-type-agnostic and specifies bone graft as the material."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1345122002"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with mucosal graft"/>
<target>
<code value="JAF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of maxillary sinus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The same reasoning applies as for the bone graft variant — ICHI lacks a generic nasal sinus reconstruction code and does not represent mucosal graft as a means; JAF.ML.AA is the best available approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172903003"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of defect of nasal sinus with skin graft"/>
<target>
<code value="JAF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of maxillary sinus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="As with the other nasal sinus reconstruction concepts, ICHI does not have a sinus-agnostic reconstruction code and does not encode the skin graft means; JAF.ML.AA is the best available approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="4811009"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of diaphragm"/>
<target>
<code value="MCX.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of diaphragm with graft or prosthesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "reconstruction of diaphragm" code; the diaphragm block (MCX) contains only repair, biopsy, imaging, and device codes. MCX.ML.AA is the closest available match as it involves structural restoration of the diaphragm using a graft or prosthesis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="29646002"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of foot and toes with synthetic joint prosthesis"/>
<target>
<code value="MOJ.DN.AA"/>
<display
value="Implantation of internal device of joint of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MOJ.DN.AA captures the implantation of an internal device (which encompasses a synthetic joint prosthesis) into the joint of the foot or toe, but "implantation" and "reconstruction" are not equivalent actions and the ICHI code does not convey the reconstructive intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1303763001"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of head and/or neck with mucosal graft"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft to head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a distinct mucosal graft code for head or neck; LAA.ML.AA (skin graft to head or neck) is the closest available code under interventions on skin of head or neck, but a mucosal graft is biologically distinct from a skin graft (different tissue layer/type), making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="736490004"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of hypopharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated hypopharynx block or reconstruction code — the hypopharynx is not represented as a separate target entity; the closest reconstruction codes are for adjacent structures (oral pharynx KAR.ML.AA, nasopharynx JAM.ML.AA, larynx JAN.ML.AA). KAR.ML.AA is selected as the nearest pharyngeal reconstruction code, but it refers to the oropharynx rather than the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx), making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287423007"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of palate"/>
<target>
<code value="KAT.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of hard palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a single "reconstruction of palate" code — it splits palate reconstruction into hard palate (KAT.ML.AA) and soft palate (KAS.ML.AA); since the SNOMED concept does not specify which sub-structure, KAT.ML.AA is an approximate but imprecise match, and the same caveat applies to KAS.ML.AA."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="389059002"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of pharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of oral pharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "pharynx" reconstruction code — it distinguishes nasopharynx (JAM.ML.AA) and oral pharynx (KAR.ML.AA); KAR.ML.AA is the most clinically common context for pharyngeal reconstruction, but it specifies only the oropharynx rather than the pharynx as a whole, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178203000"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of tendon sheath"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses "tendon" as the target throughout its tendon block and does not differentiate the tendon sheath (synovial sheath) as a separate structure from the tendon itself; MRT.ML.AA is the unspecified-site tendon reconstruction code and is the closest approximation. The distinction between tendon and tendon sheath is clinically meaningful, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1344617005"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of vulva with tissue graft"/>
<target>
<code value="NMI.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Repair of vulva using graft or other biosynthetic material"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The target (vulva) and graft technique align well, but ICHI uses "repair" rather than "reconstruction" and broadens material to any biosynthetic, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112732006"/>
<display value="Reduction of congenital hip dislocation by traction"/>
<target>
<code value="MLJ.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of hip joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MLJ.LD.AH captures the hip joint and closed nature but does not encode the congenital aetiology or specific traction technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="62864006"/>
<display value="Reduction of fracture of leg with internal fixation"/>
<target>
<code value="MNB.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of tibia or fibula"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI correctly targets tibia/fibula and uses an open approach implied by internal fixation, but has no combined "reduction with internal fixation" code; the fixation component requires a separate extension code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449640003"/>
<display
value="Reduction of fracture of upper limb with internal fixation"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code spans the entire upper limb at an unspecified bone level; MRB.LD.AA is anatomically too broad and still omits the internal fixation component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="84530005"/>
<display value="Reduction of intussusception of large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.LD.AC"/>
<display value="Reduction of colon by enema"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBP.LD.AC matches on anatomy and method but does not capture intussusception specifically and does not encompass the full large intestine (rectum/sigmoid) or surgical approaches."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56288000"/>
<display value="Reduction of intussusception of small intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LD.AC"/>
<display value="Reduction of small intestine by enema"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Matches on anatomy and method (enema) but ICHI does not specify intussusception as the indication and SNOMED may also encompass surgical/manual reduction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="180099009"/>
<display value="Reduction of macrodactyly of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGB.LL.AA"/>
<display
value="Limb shortening procedures of bone of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Captures the osseous shortening component of macrodactyly reduction but omits the soft tissue/nerve debulking component and is not specific to macrodactyly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="337664005"/>
<display value="Reduction of simple fracture"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a generic fracture reduction code; MRB.LD.AA specifies open approach and does not distinguish simple from other fracture types."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="13341006"/>
<display value="Reduction of volvulus by laparotomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBU.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Intra-abdominal reduction of the sigmoid colon"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Sigmoid volvulus is the most common volvulus reduced by laparotomy, but the SNOMED concept is non-site-specific."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="62539002"/>
<display value="Reduction of volvulus of large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBZ.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Intra-abdominal manipulation of large intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same anatomy and broad procedural intent; "manipulation" is coarser than "reduction of volvulus" and does not distinguish surgical detorsion."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="438775000"/>
<display value="Reduction of volvulus of small intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.LD.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic reduction of small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest small intestine reduction code but specifies endoscopic approach, not the surgical detorsion typically used for small bowel volvulus."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="10900009"/>
<display value="Reefing of joint capsule"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Capsular reefing is a form of joint repair; ICHI lacks a dedicated capsular plication code and the unspecified-site repair is broader."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="63312004"/>
<display value="Refractometer measurement"/>
<target>
<code value="BZA.AB.AH"/>
<display value="Measurement of the eye, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A refractometer most commonly measures ocular refractive error, but is also used for non-eye purposes (e.g., urine specific gravity), making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="766823009"/>
<display value="Regulated breathing method"/>
<target>
<code value="JTG.PH.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Training for coughing, sneezing, expectorating and other functions related to breathing"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Closest breathing-training code; focuses on cough/expectoration training rather than breath-pattern regulation specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="410408009"/>
<display value="Relaxation/breathing techniques surveillance"/>
<target>
<code value="SDJ.PH.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Training in handling stress and other psychological demands"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for surveillance/monitoring of relaxation and breathing techniques; SDJ.PH.ZZ approximates as it covers stress-handling training, but is a training action rather than surveillance and the target is stress management rather than breathing per se."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178251008"/>
<display value="Release of contracture of muscle"/>
<target>
<code value="MRM.FB.AA"/>
<display value="Division of muscle of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code titled "release of contracture of muscle"; MRM.FB.AA is closest as muscle division is the operative technique used, though "division" vs "release" differ in semantics."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="73497006"/>
<display value="Release of Volkmann contracture by graft of muscle"/>
<target>
<code value="MFM.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of muscle of forearm"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Volkmann ischemic contracture is a forearm compartment syndrome sequela; repair via muscle graft aligns with reconstruction of forearm muscle, but the code does not capture the contracture release component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302414003"/>
<display value="Removal of clip from skin"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.JD.AH"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk without incision"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="LAB.JD.AH matches the action but locks the site to the trunk, whereas a skin clip could be located anywhere; site-specificity mismatch makes this inexact. No site-unspecified skin removal code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46130000"/>
<display
value="Removal of coronary artery obstruction by direct intracoronary artery infusion"/>
<target>
<code value="HIA.DB.AF"/>
<display value="Thrombolysis of coronary artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both describe pharmacological dissolution of coronary thrombus via catheter-delivered drug, but ICHI's thrombolysis code does not distinguish systemic from direct intracoronary delivery."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="395721008"/>
<display
value="Removal of electronic stimulator of brain with synchronous replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="AAA.KA.AA"/>
<display value="Replacement of intracranial device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="AAA.KA.AA captures combined removal-and-replacement of an intracranial/brain device aligning with synchronous replacement, but the SNOMED concept specifically names an electronic stimulator (DBS) while the ICHI code is generic for any intracranial device."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="425900008"/>
<display value="Removal of filter in vena cava"/>
<target>
<code value="HIC.JD.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal removal of internal device or foreign body from inferior vena cava"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept does not specify which vena cava or the approach, whereas HIC.JD.AF specifies the inferior vena cava and percutaneous approach — clinically the most common scenario but adding specificity not in SNOMED."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="63044005"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from ear with incision"/>
<target>
<code value="CAA.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of foreign body external ear, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="CAA.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from the external ear but does not specify incision as the approach, and the SNOMED concept does not distinguish external from middle/inner ear; the external ear is the most common site for this procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="5966002"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from elbow area, deep"/>
<target>
<code value="MEJ.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from elbow joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies deep tissue of the elbow area (not necessarily intra-articular), while MEJ.JD.AA is specific to the elbow joint; no ICHI code exists for deep soft tissue of the elbow."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="711501001"/>
<display
value="Removal of foreign body from head and neck using imaging guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.JD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body from skin or subcutaneous tissue of head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code explicitly encodes imaging-guided foreign body removal from the head and neck; LAA.JD.AE (percutaneous) is the closest approximation since percutaneous removal typically implies image guidance, but tissue scope remains limited to skin/subcutaneous tissue."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="88354009"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from intestine by incision"/>
<target>
<code value="KBK.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from small intestine, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KBK.JD.AA uses the open (incision) approach matching "by incision," but the SNOMED concept covers intestine broadly (small and large) whereas this ICHI code is limited to small intestine."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="711502008"/>
<display
value="Removal of foreign body from lower limb using imaging guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="LAG.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI restricts the target tissue to skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any tissue of the lower limb; additionally, the imaging guidance is not captured by the open approach means axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112849008"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from mouth by incision"/>
<target>
<code value="KAZ.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from oral cavity, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KAZ.JD.AA covers foreign body removal from the oral cavity (the anatomical equivalent of "mouth") and the open approach implies incision; however, ICHI provides more specific codes for sub-sites within the oral cavity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234545002"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from palate by incision"/>
<target>
<code value="KAT.JD.AA"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from hard palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates hard (KAT.JD.AA) and soft (KAS.JD.AA) palate, while the SNOMED concept specifies "palate" without distinguishing between them; KAT.JD.AA is the most anatomically likely site for incision-based foreign body removal."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="711503003"/>
<display
value="Removal of foreign body from upper limb using imaging guidance"/>
<target>
<code value="LAE.JD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Captures percutaneous (image-guided) removal from the upper limb but is restricted to skin and subcutaneous tissue, whereas the SNOMED concept does not specify tissue depth."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405711003"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from upper limb, except hand"/>
<target>
<code value="LAE.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Covers open removal from the upper limb but is scoped to skin and subcutaneous tissue only, while the SNOMED concept applies to any tissue of the upper limb regardless of depth."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="37692003"/>
<display value="Removal of gallstones from large intestine"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from colon"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No specific "extraction of calculus from colon" code; closest is foreign body removal from colon, treating gallstones as a foreign body rather than using calculus-specific JE action axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="80029002"/>
<display value="Removal of necrotic bone fragment from joint"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code specifically encodes sequestrectomy from a joint; debridement of joint is the closest functional equivalent but broader."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440523005"/>
<display value="Removal of nonbiodegradable drug delivery device"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code for drug-delivery-device removal as a device-type-specific concept; the ICHI code assumes a skin/subcutaneous location not explicit in SNOMED."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="445845004"/>
<display
value="Removal of obstruction of renal pelvis by transurethral approach"/>
<target>
<code value="NAB.JD.AD"/>
<display
value="Transurethral removal of internal device or foreign body from renal pelvis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Approach and target match exactly; SNOMED's "obstruction" is broader (could be stone, clot, stricture) than ICHI's "internal device or foreign body.""/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="177713006"/>
<display value="Removal of pack from subcutaneous tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.JD.AH"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk without incision"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated wound pack removal code; LAB.JD.AH is the closest match as wound packing is a temporary material removed without incision, but it is restricted to the trunk and the SNOMED concept specifies no body region."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233752006"/>
<display value="Removal of penetrating foreign body from palate"/>
<target>
<code value="KAT.JD.AA"/>
<display value="Removal of foreign body from hard palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI separates the palate into hard (KAT) and soft (KAS) palate with no unspecified palate code; a penetrating foreign body most commonly involves the hard palate, but the SNOMED concept is unspecified, making this an inexact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="313220004"/>
<display value="Removal of pressure garment"/>
<target>
<code value="PAA.SO.AH"/>
<display value="Removal of assistive product from trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Pressure garments are assistive products and PAA.SO.AH covers their removal, but it is restricted to the trunk whereas pressure garments can be applied to limbs, head, or the full body."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233063000"/>
<display value="Removal of right ventricular thrombus"/>
<target>
<code value="HBB.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Excision of right ventricular tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated ventricular thrombectomy code; the closest is excision of right ventricular tissue, which covers the same anatomical site and involves open surgical removal of material but is not specific to thrombus."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56812004"/>
<display
value="Removal of spinal pacemaker with synchronous replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.KA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ABG.KA.AE captures combined removal-and-replacement of a spinal canal device; the match is inexact because ICHI specifies a percutaneous approach and does not name the pacemaker device type, while SNOMED implies an open or unspecified approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="303968006"/>
<display value="Removal of surgical material"/>
<target>
<code value="MZZ.JD.AA"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from musculoskeletal system structure, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Removal of surgical material" is body-site-agnostic; ICHI's closest generic code constrains the target to the musculoskeletal system and frames the material as an internal device or foreign body, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302415002"/>
<display value="Removal of suture from skin"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.JD.AH"/>
<display
value="Removal of internal device or foreign body from skin and subcutaneous cell tissue without incision, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated suture-removal-from-skin code; LZZ.JD.AH covers removal of a device/foreign body from skin without incision but frames sutures as a "foreign body/device" and covers a broader NEC class."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443187002"/>
<display value="Removal of tattoo of skin"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no explicit tattoo-removal code; the dominant clinical method is laser-mediated destruction of pigmented tissue, aligning with destruction of skin/subcutaneous tissue NEC, though the code does not distinguish laser tattoo removal from other modalities."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="128407004"/>
<display value="Removal of therapeutic shunt device"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.JD.AF"/>
<display
value="Removal of intravascular internal device or foreign body from artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's only shunt-specific code (IZA.SN.AF) covers management rather than removal; IZA.JD.AF captures removal-of-internal-device on an artery NEC, the closest structural match for vascular shunt device removal but not non-vascular shunts."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="22800003"/>
<display
value="Removal of thrombus from arteriovenous shunt or cannula"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.JE.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular extraction of obstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no AV-shunt thrombectomy code; IZA.JE.AF captures mechanical extraction of an obstructing thrombus from an arterial/vascular structure, approximate as it is a broad NEC artery category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225713007"/>
<display value="Removal of vomit from airway"/>
<target>
<code value="KAR.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Oropharyngeal suctioning"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Vomit in the airway is typically cleared by oropharyngeal suctioning; the match is inexact because ICHI does not specify the content (vomit) and the airway scope may extend beyond the oropharynx."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="253766005"/>
<display value="Renal capsulectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="NAA.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of kidney"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No specific capsulectomy code exists in the ICHI kidney block; excision of the renal fibrous capsule is anatomically distinct from local lesion excision, but this is the closest available excisional kidney category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="49868001"/>
<display value="Renal sympathectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ADD.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of lumbar sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Renal sympathectomy classically involves division/excision of the lumbar sympathetic chain supplying the kidney (L1–L2 ganglia), making ADD.JK.AA the closest available ICHI code; ICHI codes the procedure by nerve level (lumbar) rather than the target organ (kidney) and does not capture partial sympathectomy variants or the renal-specific intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="230826009"/>
<display value="Renewal of subdural-pleural shunt"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.KA.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous replacement of spinal canal device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A subdural-pleural shunt connects the subdural/spinal canal space to the pleural cavity; ABG.KA.AE captures the spinal canal target and the replacement action but does not encode the pleural destination or the specific shunt nature of the device."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="33973002"/>
<display value="Repair of aneurysm by endoaneurysmoplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Endoaneurysmoplasty is an open surgical reconstruction of an arterial aneurysm; ICHI has no dedicated aneurysm repair code, so the closest is reconstruction of artery NEC, capturing the reconstructive nature but not the aneurysm target or the specific technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="43785003"/>
<display value="Repair of aneurysm by endovascular coil embolization"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.LA.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Endovascular coil embolization (most commonly intracranial/cerebral) is best represented by this ICHI code, which covers endovascular embolisation of the intracranial artery; however, the SNOMED concept is body-site agnostic while the ICHI code is specific to the intracranial artery."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="412711000"/>
<display value="Repair of aneurysm of hepatic artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of abdominal or pelvic artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The hepatic artery falls within the abdominal artery territory captured by IEA.ML.AA, the closest anatomically relevant code; however, the ICHI action axis is reconstruction (ML) rather than repair (MK), and the code covers all abdominal/pelvic arteries rather than the hepatic artery specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="75579003"/>
<display value="Repair of artery with vein graft of lower extremity"/>
<target>
<code value="IFA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery of lower limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IFA.ML.AA is anatomically correct (lower limb artery) and reconstruction encompasses vein graft interposition procedures; the equivalence is inexact because the ICHI action is "reconstruction" rather than "repair," and the vein graft as the specific means is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="251736005"/>
<display value="Repair of cleft palate using pharyngeal flap"/>
<target>
<code value="KAS.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of soft palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept describes a specific reconstructive technique (pharyngeal flap) used to address velopharyngeal incompetence; KAS.ML.AA captures the reconstructive nature and correct anatomical target, but does not encode the pharyngeal flap technique or the velopharyngeal origin."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="15044006"/>
<display value="Repair of exstrophy of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of urinary bladder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Bladder exstrophy repair is a complex congenital reconstructive procedure; ICHI has no specific exstrophy code, and NAI.ML.AA is the closest conceptual match, capturing the reconstructive nature of the surgery, though it does not specify the congenital anomaly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="399158005"/>
<display
value="Repair of fallopian tube by reimplantation into uterus"/>
<target>
<code value="NMC.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Salpingoplasty"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for fallopian tube reimplantation into the uterus; the closest code is NMC.ML.AA (Salpingoplasty), which denotes reconstructive surgery of the fallopian tube but does not specifically encode the reimplantation-into-uterus technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="80859008"/>
<display value="Repair of fascia of hand by graft"/>
<target>
<code value="MGL.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of ligament or fascia of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies repair using a graft technique, which aligns more closely with reconstruction (MGL.ML.AA) than simple repair, since grafting implies tissue replacement or augmentation rather than direct suture repair. The ICHI code covers ligament or fascia together and includes finger alongside hand, making it a reasonable but not exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234877005"/>
<display value="Repair of fixed orthodontic appliance component"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.SM.AC"/>
<display value="Management of external appliance of tooth"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is the closest available ICHI code — an orthodontic brace is a dental appliance and repair fits within "management" — but the SNOMED concept specifically refers to a fixed (bonded/cemented) appliance component, whereas the ICHI code describes management of an external appliance more generally, creating an approximate rather than direct match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="22213003"/>
<display value="Repair of inverted uterus by vaginal approach"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.LD.AC"/>
<display value="Manual repositioning of inverted uterus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has two codes for inverted uterus correction: surgical (NME.LD.AA) and manual (NME.LD.AC); vaginal-approach correction of uterine inversion is most commonly performed as manual repositioning (Johnson's maneuver) transvaginally, making NME.LD.AC the closest match, but it does not capture the surgical repair connotation of the SNOMED term."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="77531006"/>
<display value="Repair of mastoid antrum or cavity"/>
<target>
<code value="CDA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Obliteration of mastoid cavity"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "repair of mastoid antrum or cavity" code; the closest relevant procedure is CDA.LA.AA (Obliteration of mastoid cavity), which is a specific type of cavity repair (obliteration) under the mastoid sinus block. Repair of mastoid antrum or cavity encompasses a range of procedures beyond obliteration, so this is an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="77348002"/>
<display value="Repair of muscle of hand with graft of tendon"/>
<target>
<code value="MGM.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Plastic operation on hand with graft of muscle"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifically describes repairing hand muscle using a tendon graft, whereas the closest ICHI code describes a plastic operation on the hand using a muscle graft; the graft material differs (tendon vs. muscle), so the match is approximate but not semantically equivalent or hierarchically aligned."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="275189005"/>
<display value="Repair of nasopharynx"/>
<target>
<code value="JAM.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of nasopharynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Repair of nasopharynx" and "Reconstruction of nasopharynx" are closely related but not identical — repair implies restoring structural integrity (e.g., suture, closure) while reconstruction implies a more extensive rebuilding, potentially with grafts or flaps. JAM.ML.AA is the best available ICHI match for a general restorative intervention on the nasopharynx, but the action axis ML (reconstruction) is slightly more specific/extensive than a generic repair concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="18701002"/>
<display value="Repair of tendon of hand with graft"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of tendon of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifies tendon repair using a graft technique, which aligns more closely with ICHI's "reconstruction" (ML action) than simple repair (MK action), as tendon reconstruction implies graft or plasty; however, "finger" is included in the ICHI title while absent from the SNOMED concept, and "graft" is not explicit in ICHI's title, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312311004"/>
<display value="Replacement of ascending aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIF.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of ascending aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses "reconstruction" rather than "replacement" for the ascending aorta, which corresponds to graft interposition or surgical repair — functionally overlapping with aortic replacement but not an exact terminological or semantic match, as reconstruction can include partial repairs that do not constitute full segment replacement."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175364008"/>
<display value="Replacement of carotid artery using graft"/>
<target>
<code value="IBB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of carotid artery, extracranial"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a specific "replacement with graft" code for the carotid artery; IBB.ML.AA is the closest match as graft replacement is a form of arterial reconstruction, but the action axis (ML = reconstruction/graft) aligns well even though the SNOMED concept uses the term "replacement" rather than "reconstruction.""/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="707802000"/>
<display value="Replacement of hormone implant in subcutaneous tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="LAB.KA.AA"/>
<display
value="Replacement of internal device of skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures replacement of an internal device in subcutaneous tissue but requires a body-region qualifier (trunk, head/neck, upper limb, lower limb), whereas the SNOMED concept is body-region agnostic; LAB.KA.AA (trunk) is chosen as the most clinically common site for hormone implants, but the match is approximate due to the region constraint."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="302350006"/>
<display value="Repositioning of salivary duct"/>
<target>
<code value="KAM.LJ.AA"/>
<display value="Transposition of duct of major salivary gland"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Repositioning" and "transposition" of a duct are clinically close — both describe moving the duct orifice to a new location — but the ICHI code specifies major salivary gland only and uses the term transposition rather than repositioning, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="243064009"/>
<display value="Reproductive education"/>
<target>
<code value="NUA.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about sexual functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Reproductive education" spans sexual functions, fertility, pregnancy, and childbirth, but ICHI fragments this across multiple codes (NUA.PM.ZZ, NUD.PM.ZZ, etc.); NUA.PM.ZZ is the closest single assignable code but covers only a subset of the SNOMED concept's scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233105007"/>
<display value="Resection of subarterial outlet septum"/>
<target>
<code value="HBB.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of right ventricular outflow tract tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The subarterial outlet septum is a component of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), and HBB.JI.AA captures excision of tissue in that location; however, ICHI does not have a code specific to the outlet septum itself, so this is an approximate match at the anatomical region level."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="43805005"/>
<display value="Resection of thoracic artery with replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="IDA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery of thorax"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Reconstruction of the thoracic artery (IDA.ML.AA) best captures the combined concept of resection and replacement of a thoracic artery segment; IDA.ML.AA implies resection-with-replacement as a reconstructive procedure, though it is not an exact semantic match for the combined SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="63970009"/>
<display value="Resection of upper limb artery with anastomosis"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Resection with end-to-end or interposition anastomosis is a reconstructive procedure on the upper limb artery; ICA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI concept, as it implies resection of a diseased segment followed by reconstitution of arterial continuity, though ICHI does not encode the anastomosis technique explicitly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="425123005"/>
<display value="Respiratory therapy surveillance"/>
<target>
<code value="JTB.AI.ZZ"/>
<display value="Monitoring of respiration function"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JTB.AI.ZZ captures monitoring/surveillance of respiration function, which is the closest ICHI category to ongoing respiratory therapy surveillance; however, the SNOMED concept implies surveillance of the therapy process itself rather than purely of the physiological function, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="74596007"/>
<display value="Resuscitation with artificial respiration"/>
<target>
<code value="JTB.DE.AC"/>
<display value="Artificial ventilation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept specifically describes resuscitation delivered via artificial respiration (ventilatory support), which aligns most closely with ICHI's "Artificial ventilation." Neither ICHI code captures the combined resuscitation framing of the SNOMED concept exactly."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233498006"/>
<display value="Revascularization of upper limb"/>
<target>
<code value="ICA.LI.AA"/>
<display value="Bypass of artery of upper limb"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The target (artery of upper limb) aligns well with the SNOMED concept's anatomical scope, but the ICHI action "bypass" represents one specific revascularization technique rather than the full range of revascularization procedures implied by the SNOMED term."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="275076002"/>
<display
value="Revision of artificial bladder neck sphincter in female"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of bladder neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for revision of an artificial bladder neck sphincter; NAK.ML.AA (reconstruction of bladder neck) is the nearest available code covering corrective work at the bladder neck but does not capture the device-revision or female-specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="275078001"/>
<display
value="Revision of artificial urinary sphincter around male bladder neck or sphincter"/>
<target>
<code value="NAN.KA.AA"/>
<display
value="Replacement of device of urinary system, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for revision of an artificial urinary sphincter; NAN.KA.AA is the best residual option covering device revision within the urinary system, but does not reflect the sphincter target, bladder neck location, or male-specific anatomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450789001"/>
<display value="Revision of cardiac conduit"/>
<target>
<code value="HBB.KA.AA"/>
<display
value="Replacement of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="HBB.KA.AA uses the action "KA" (replacement of device), which aligns with revising/replacing a cardiac conduit, but ICHI restricts this to the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit, whereas the SNOMED concept refers to cardiac conduit generically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="46070005"/>
<display value="Revision of colostomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KBP.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of colon"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "revision of colostomy" code; KBP.MK.AA "Repair of colon" is the closest available code representing a corrective intervention on the colon, though the stoma-specific nature is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="707807006"/>
<display value="Revision of dermofasciectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="MGL.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Excision of ligament or fascia of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Dermofasciectomy involves en bloc excision of skin and palmar fascia (typically for Dupuytren's contracture); ICHI captures the fascial component but not the concomitant skin excision or the revision character."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="14265004"/>
<display
value="Revision of exenteration of eye cavity with secondary graft"/>
<target>
<code value="BAM.ML.AC"/>
<display value="Secondary interventions after removal of eyeball"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="BAM.ML.AC covers secondary/reconstructive procedures in the orbit after eyeball removal, aligning with revision with graft after exenteration; however, exenteration removes all orbital contents (not just the eyeball), and the code is broad rather than graft-specific."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="429741000"/>
<display value="Revision of laser foraminoplasty of cervical spine"/>
<target>
<code value="MBA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial cervical vertebrectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for foraminoplasty; MBA.JJ.AA is the closest available code as both involve partial removal of cervical bony structures for decompression, but procedure targets, laser technique, and revision intent are not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450815006"/>
<display value="Revision of prosthesis of abdominal aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated "revision of prosthesis" code for the abdominal aorta; "Reconstruction of abdominal aorta" (HIH.ML.AA) is the closest concept, as revision of an aortic graft/prosthesis is clinically performed as a reconstructive procedure, but "reconstruction" is broader and does not specifically denote prosthesis revision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175332001"/>
<display value="Revision of prosthesis of bifurcation of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for the aortic bifurcation as a distinct target and no concept of prosthesis revision; HIH.ML.AA (Reconstruction of abdominal aorta) is the best available fit because aortic bifurcation prosthesis revision is anatomically within the abdominal aorta and operationally constitutes aortic reconstruction, though the bifurcation specificity and the re-do nature are both lost."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="175331008"/>
<display value="Revision of prosthesis of thoracic aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIG.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of descending thoracic aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's "Reconstruction" (ML action) is the closest available concept to surgical revision of an aortic prosthesis/graft, but ICHI scopes this only to the descending thoracic aorta (HIG block) rather than the thoracic aorta as a whole. The SNOMED term is anatomically broader and procedurally more specific (revision of an existing prosthesis), while ICHI encodes a general reconstruction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="275073005"/>
<display
value="Revision of prosthetic collar around female urinary bladder neck"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.ML.AD"/>
<display
value="Transurethral endoscopic repair of bladder neck with graft or prosthesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for revision of a prosthetic collar (artificial urinary sphincter cuff) at the bladder neck, nor does it distinguish female from male for this intervention. NAK.ML.AD captures repair/reconstruction at the bladder neck involving a prosthesis, which is the closest structural and anatomical match, but the action (repair vs. revision of existing device) and approach (transurethral vs. open/perineal) differ from the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="275077006"/>
<display
value="Revision of prosthetic collar around male urinary bladder neck"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.ML.AD"/>
<display
value="Transurethral endoscopic repair of bladder neck with graft or prosthesis"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Same reasoning as 275073005 — ICHI has no sex-specific or device-revision-specific code for this procedure; NAK.ML.AD is the closest available code covering prosthesis-related intervention at the bladder neck, but it does not capture the revision nature of the procedure or the male-specific anatomical context."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="440037005"/>
<display value="Revision of vaginal prosthesis by vaginal approach"/>
<target>
<code value="NMH.KA.AC"/>
<display value="Replacement and refitting of vaginal device"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NMH.KA.AC captures the concept of revision/refitting of a vaginal device via the transvaginal approach, which aligns best with this SNOMED concept, but "revision of prosthesis" and "replacement and refitting of device" are not exact semantic equivalents and the ICHI term is somewhat broader in scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="301041000"/>
<display value="Revision open wire fixation of fracture"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no specific code for wire fixation (Kirschner wire, tension band) of a fracture; the closest available code covers open fracture reduction at an unspecified skeletal site, which shares the open surgical approach and bone target but does not encode the wire-based internal fixation technique, the "revision" nature, or the fact that it is fixation rather than reduction alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1237112006"/>
<display value="Revision parotidectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="KAL.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of parotid gland"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for a revision (redo) parotidectomy; partial excision of the parotid gland is the closest procedure-type match since revision parotidectomy typically involves removing residual or recurrent parotid tissue after a prior operation, but the ICHI code does not encode the revision context and may not capture the full extent of the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179747001"/>
<display
value="Revision xenograft replacement extra-articular ligament"/>
<target>
<code value="MML.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of ligaments of knee"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's most closely related code is "Reconstruction of ligaments of knee," but the SNOMED concept does not specify the knee and refers specifically to extra-articular ligament with xenograft (animal-derived) material in a revision setting — none of these distinctions (site generality, xenograft, extra-articular, revision) are captured in ICHI. The match is approximate and assumes the most common clinical context (knee ligament reconstruction)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="178634006"/>
<display
value="Revisional anterior excision of lumbar disc and fusion"/>
<target>
<code value="MBN.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Lumbar discectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes a combined revisional procedure — anterior lumbar discectomy plus spinal fusion — but no single ICHI code represents this combination. "Lumbar discectomy" captures the primary excision component only; the fusion element (MBM.LE.AA) and the revision/anterior-approach specificity are not reflected."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265715001"/>
<display
value="Revisional anterior excision of lumbar disc and posterior fusion"/>
<target>
<code value="MBN.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Lumbar discectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Like concept 178634006, this SNOMED concept combines revisional anterior lumbar discectomy with a posterior fusion, but ICHI has no combined code for this procedure. "Lumbar discectomy" captures only the disc excision component; the posterior fusion and the anterior/posterior dual-approach specificity are absent from ICHI's coding granularity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229276001"/>
<display value="Rhythmic initiation technique"/>
<target>
<code value="MVD.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for control of voluntary movement functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Rhythmic initiation is a PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) technique where the therapist guides passive-to-active rhythmic movements to facilitate voluntary motor initiation; MVD.PG.ZZ captures the core action — therapist-assisted/led exercise targeting voluntary movement control — making it an approximate but not exact match since the PNF specificity and rhythmic nature are not encoded."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229241003"/>
<display value="Rhythmic stabilization"/>
<target>
<code value="MTC.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training for stability of joint functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Rhythmic stabilization is a PNF technique using alternating isometric contractions to improve joint stability and neuromuscular co-contraction; MTC.PH.ZZ (training for stability of joint functions) is the best available match as it targets the same functional goal — joint stabilization through exercise — but does not encode the isometric/rhythmic or PNF-specific methodology of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="282568009"/>
<display value="Ring annuloplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="HDF.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of mitral valve or subvalvar apparatus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic valve-nonspecific annuloplasty procedure code; "Annuloplasty ring" in ICHI is an extension code (a therapeutic product specifier), not an assignable procedure. Ring annuloplasty is most frequently performed on the mitral valve and the procedure is best captured as valve reconstruction, but HDF.ML.AA is valve-specific (mitral) and does not encode the ring insertion technique, making this an approximate rather than a direct match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="176716008"/>
<display value="Sacrocolpopexy"/>
<target>
<code value="NMH.LC.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic vaginal suspension and fixation"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Sacrocolpopexy is a laparoscopic procedure fixing the vaginal vault to the sacrum with mesh, and ICHI captures the laparoscopic approach and the vaginal fixation action, but does not encode the sacral attachment point or the use of mesh, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="236859002"/>
<display value="Sacrospinous fixation of vaginal vault"/>
<target>
<code value="NMH.LC.AC"/>
<display
value="Vaginal suspension and fixation via transvaginal approach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both describe transvaginal fixation of the vaginal vault, and the approach (transvaginal) aligns well; however, ICHI does not specify the sacrospinous ligament as the fixation point, so the anatomical detail of the SNOMED concept is lost, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="91402007"/>
<display value="Salabrasion"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Salabrasion is a mechanical abrasion of skin using salt crystals — functionally a destructive/ablative procedure on skin tissue — which maps approximately to the NEC destruction-of-skin code. ICHI has no specific abrasion, dermabrasion, or tattoo-removal code, and the body-site component of LZZ.GA.AH is unspecified (NEC), so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="17606004"/>
<display value="Sclerectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="BCB.JI.AA"/>
<display value="Local excision of lesion of sclera"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A sclerectomy is a full-thickness excision of a portion of scleral tissue (most commonly performed as a glaucoma filtering procedure), which is an excision of the sclera itself rather than excision of a discrete lesion within it; BCB.JI.AA is the closest available code in the sclera block but implies a lesion-targeted local excision rather than the tissue-removing filtration sclerectomy."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="447099007"/>
<display value="Scraping of conjunctiva"/>
<target>
<code value="PZX.AH.XH"/>
<display value="Specimen collection of tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Conjunctival scraping is performed to collect surface cellular material for cytological or microbiological analysis, which is functionally a tissue/cellular specimen collection procedure. No site-specific conjunctival specimen collection code exists in ICHI (the conjunctiva block BBA contains biopsy but not scraping), so the generic "specimen collection of tissue" code is the closest available match, though it does not specify the conjunctival site or scraping technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="866148006"/>
<display value="Screening for domestic abuse"/>
<target>
<code value="VBB.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of family and partner violence behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VBB.AA.ZZ (assessment of family and partner violence behaviours) is the best ICHI match for domestic abuse screening, as domestic abuse maps most closely to the "family and partner violence" target in ICHI; the fit is approximate because ICHI frames this as assessment of violence behaviours rather than clinical screening for abuse status, though the intent is similar."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="762447008"/>
<display value="Screening for nutritional disorder"/>
<target>
<code value="KTN.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of weight maintenance functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a dedicated nutritional disorder assessment code; KTN.AA.ZZ is the closest in the digestive system function hierarchy, but it covers only weight maintenance rather than the full scope of nutritional disorders (deficiencies, overnutrition, metabolic nutritional conditions), making it an approximate and partial match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="300004007"/>
<display value="Screening for osteoporosis"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.AC.BA"/>
<display value="Bone mineral density studies"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Bone mineral density studies (DEXA/DXA) represent the principal method used for osteoporosis screening, making this a clinically close match; however, the SNOMED concept is the act of screening (which may also include risk assessment tools and questionnaires), whereas the ICHI code denotes the specific measurement procedure, so the match is approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="57238002"/>
<display value="Selective embolization of artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.LA.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no generic "embolisation of artery" code — all embolisation/occlusion codes are region-specific, and the best non-region-specific match is endovascular occlusion of artery NEC, which conflates embolisation with other occlusion techniques and does not capture the "selective" (branch-specific targeting) nature of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="234246002"/>
<display value="Selective neck dissection of cervical lymph nodes"/>
<target>
<code value="DFB.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of cervical lymph node"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Selective neck dissection is a distinct oncological surgical procedure that removes defined groups of cervical lymph nodes while preserving key structures; ICHI's "total excision of cervical lymph node" does not reflect the multi-nodal-group, structure-preserving nature of selective neck dissection, and the only other candidate — radical neck dissection (DFB.JL.AA) — represents a more extensive, different procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386420003"/>
<display value="Self-care assistance: bathing/hygiene"/>
<target>
<code value="SMB.RB.ZZ"/>
<display value="Practical support with washing oneself"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SMB.RB.ZZ represents practical support (assistance) with washing/bathing, which is the closest match for the bathing component of the SNOMED concept; however, ICHI does not combine bathing and hygiene into one code, and the hygiene component would require a separate code (e.g. SMC.RB.ZZ for caring for body parts), making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="311622007"/>
<display value="Sentence mapping"/>
<target>
<code value="AUI.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of mental functions of language"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Sentence mapping is a specific speech-language therapy technique targeting sentence-level language processing (commonly used in aphasia rehabilitation). ICHI has no dedicated code for this technique; AUI.PH.ZZ (Training of mental functions of language) is the nearest intervention category but covers a far broader range of language training interventions."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="172760006"/>
<display value="Septorhinoplasty using graft"/>
<target>
<code value="JAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of nose"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Septorhinoplasty is a combined procedure addressing both the nasal septum and external nose using graft material; ICHI does not have a combined septorhinoplasty code. JAA.ML.AA captures the rhinoplasty/reconstruction component of the nose, but it omits the septal correction component and the graft specificity, making it an approximate rather than precise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="58071000087101"/>
<display value="Setting limit on substance use"/>
<target>
<code value="VA1.WF.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Restrictions concerning the consumption or use of products or technologies, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Setting limit on substance use" is a clinical/behavioural intervention (typically advising a patient to reduce use), whereas ICHI's VA1.WF.ZZ and related WF codes represent regulatory/legal restrictions on consumption. The closest individual-level match within VA1 would be VA1.PN.ZZ (Advising about substance-related and addictive behaviours), but neither fully captures "setting a limit" as a specific therapeutic act — the concept sits between advising and restriction without an exact ICHI equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="243070003"/>
<display value="Sexual abuse counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="VBB.PP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Counselling about family and partner violence behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no ICHI code specific to sexual abuse counselling; the closest available code targets family and partner violence behaviours (which commonly encompasses sexual abuse in the intimate/family context). The match is approximate because sexual abuse in ICHI's behaviour taxonomy is not separated from other violence types, and VBB.PP.ZZ is broader, covering all family/partner violence counselling rather than the sexual abuse dimension specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229111007"/>
<display value="Shoulder shrugging exercises"/>
<target>
<code value="MTB.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of joint mobility"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Shoulder shrugging exercises target shoulder/scapular joint mobility and muscle function; MTB.PH.ZZ is the closest mobility-training concept but is generic across joints and does not capture the specific muscle activation aspect."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1371280001"/>
<display value="Simple limbal epithelial transplantation"/>
<target>
<code value="BBB.KD.AA"/>
<display value="Corneal transplant"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="SLET transplants limbal stem cells from the corneal-conjunctival junction; BBB.KD.AA is the closest available code but is oriented toward corneal grafting rather than limbal epithelial cell transplantation specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="16534511000119102"/>
<display
value="Single photon emission computed tomography of bones of whole body"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.BA.BF"/>
<display
value="Single photon emission computerised tomography of whole body"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is SPECT specifically targeting the skeletal system across the entire body (bone scan), while the ICHI code refers to whole-body SPECT without specifying bone as the target — close in scope but not a precise match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="171237002"/>
<display value="Skin disease screening"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AE.AH"/>
<display
value="Inspection of the skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a dedicated skin-disease screening code; inspection of the skin is the closest procedural match since clinical skin screening is fundamentally a visual/physical inspection, though it does not convey population-level or preventive screening intent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="170856006"/>
<display value="Skin disorder monitoring"/>
<target>
<code value="LT2.AM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Observation of skin functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Observation of skin functions" is the nearest ICHI equivalent for ongoing monitoring of a skin disorder, capturing the surveillance/follow-up intent, though it frames the activity around functional observation rather than disorder-focused clinical monitoring."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119848001"/>
<display value="Skin of extremity closure"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.LC.AA"/>
<display
value="Fixation of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses "fixation" (LC) for wound/skin closure with body-site-specific codes for upper limb (LAE.LC.AA) and lower limb (LAG.LC.AA); SNOMED covers extremity in general without specifying which limb, so the NEC code is best, though "fixation" is not a perfect match for "closure"."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119842000"/>
<display value="Skin of head transposition"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft to head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Skin transposition (local flap transfer) is not the same as a skin graft, but LAA.ML.AA is the closest ICHI code for tissue movement to head-or-neck skin; site specificity matches, but the procedural action (graft vs. transposition/flap) is approximate rather than exact."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119841007"/>
<display value="Skin of neck transposition"/>
<target>
<code value="LAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Skin graft to head or neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated transposition code for skin; a local flap rearrangement is most closely represented by the reconstruction/graft category for head-or-neck skin. The match is approximate because grafting and transposition are related but not identical, and the ICHI target covers head and neck combined."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="713700008"/>
<display value="Smoking cessation drug therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="VAB.TI.ZZ"/>
<display value="Prescription related to tobacco use"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VAB.TI.ZZ covers prescribing interventions for tobacco use behaviours, aligning with prescribing cessation pharmacotherapy, but "drug therapy" as ongoing administered treatment is conceptually broader than the act of prescribing alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="406551008"/>
<display value="Social assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="VEK.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of social behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Social assessment" in clinical practice typically evaluates a patient's social circumstances, support networks, and participation; the ICHI code focuses on social behaviours as a public health target, not a fully equivalent construct."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="439807007"/>
<display value="Social integration therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="SXB.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in engaging in community life"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Social integration therapy aims to support reintegration into community/social roles, aligning with training in engaging in community life; however, "therapy" implies a more structured therapeutic process than training/rehabilitation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265190000"/>
<display value="Soft tissue correction of hallux valgus"/>
<target>
<code value="MOJ.FC.AA"/>
<display value="Release of joint of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Soft tissue correction of hallux valgus releases and rebalances soft tissues (capsule, tendons, ligaments) around the first MTP joint; MOJ.FC.AA captures the dominant component but the SNOMED concept may include additional soft tissue steps."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225307000"/>
<display value="Special observation"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.AM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Observation of whole person"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PZB.AM.ZZ is the closest ICHI equivalent covering clinical observation at the whole-person level without specifying a body system; however, the SNOMED "special observation" implies directed/heightened monitoring, whereas the ICHI code is a generic, unspecified observation, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="424748009"/>
<display value="Speech and language therapy surveillance"/>
<target>
<code value="JU1.AM.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Observation of voice and speech functions, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Surveillance" implies ongoing monitoring of speech and language status, mapping most closely to ICHI Observation (AM) on voice and speech; however, JU1.AM.ZZ does not cover the language axis and "observation" is narrower than "surveillance" (which typically includes structured follow-up, outcome tracking, and reporting)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="183273007"/>
<display value="Speech defect remedial therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="JUC.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training of speech functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not encode a "remedial" or "defect-corrective" distinction within training codes, so the closest available code is JUC.PH.ZZ (Training of speech functions), which covers therapeutic training of speech but does not specify that the intervention targets a defect."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="311641005"/>
<display value="Speech promotion therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="JUC.PG.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assisting and leading exercise for speech functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Speech promotion therapy" implies proactive facilitation rather than corrective training, mapping most closely to JUC.PG.ZZ (Assisting and leading exercise for speech functions) — an action code emphasising guided, facilitative exercise; however, ICHI does not have a dedicated "promotion" action code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="66285000"/>
<display value="Sphenoid endoscopy with removal of mucous membrane"/>
<target>
<code value="JAI.JI.AD"/>
<display
value="Endoscopic local excision of lesion of sphenoidal sinus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JAI.JI.AD captures the endoscopic approach and local tissue removal from the sphenoid sinus, but ICHI frames it as excision of a "lesion" rather than mucous membrane stripping specifically; procedural intent is similar but anatomical scope is not precisely mirrored."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287225002"/>
<display value="Spinal bone fragment elevation"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LD.AA"/>
<display
value="Open reduction of vertebra, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Elevation of a displaced spinal bone fragment is functionally a form of open reduction of a vertebral element; no specific "fragment elevation" code exists in ICHI, so open reduction of vertebra is the closest structural equivalent, though it is broader and does not specify fragment elevation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="89516003"/>
<display value="Spinal injection of alcohol"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Alcohol is a destructive/neurolytic agent and ABG.GA.AE covers percutaneous injection of a destructive agent into the spinal canal; the SNOMED concept does not specify the route is strictly into the spinal canal (could be epidural or perineural), making this approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56390001"/>
<display value="Spinal injection of phenol"/>
<target>
<code value="ABG.GA.AE"/>
<display value="Injection of destructive agent into spinal canal"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Phenol is a neurolytic/destructive agent and spinal phenol injection mirrors alcohol injection in mechanism, mapping to the same destructive-agent code; the SNOMED concept does not restrict the anatomical compartment to the spinal canal specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385728004"/>
<display value="Spiritual comfort"/>
<target>
<code value="SXH.RC.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Emotional support for engaging in religion and spirituality"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Spiritual comfort aligns most closely with SXH.RC.ZZ, which represents emotional support in the context of religious/spiritual engagement; the ICHI code captures the supportive/affective dimension but does not precisely encode "comfort" as a discrete intervention type."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231269000"/>
<display value="Splanchnic nerve block"/>
<target>
<code value="ADC.DC.AE"/>
<display
value="Injection of anaesthetic into thoracic sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least) are thoracic sympathetic nerves, making ADC.DC.AE the anatomically closest match; however, ICHI has no splanchnic-specific code and the splanchnic plexus block at the celiac level may extend beyond the thoracic sympathetic trunk."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="112947006"/>
<display value="Splanchnicectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ADC.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Splanchnicectomy is excision of the splanchnic nerves, which are thoracic sympathetic nerves; ADC.JK.AA is the best available match, but ICHI has no splanchnic-specific excision code and the SNOMED concept may also cover partial or bilateral procedures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="372083001"/>
<display value="Spleen imaging"/>
<target>
<code value="DJA.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Spleen scan or function study"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's only spleen imaging code specifically represents a nuclear scan/function study, whereas the SNOMED concept covers any imaging modality (X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear); no generic spleen imaging code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229225004"/>
<display value="Sport participated in as part of therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="SXC.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in engaging in recreation and leisure"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code specifically for therapeutic sport participation; SXC.PH.ZZ is the closest match as it covers structured facilitation of sport/leisure activities, but is framed as training/skill-building rather than therapeutic sport participation per se."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="408916001"/>
<display value="Sputum specimen care assessment"/>
<target>
<code value="JTG.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of coughing, sneezing, expectorating and other functions related to breathing"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is an assessment of the sputum specimen care process, whereas JTG.AA.ZZ assesses expectorating as a respiratory function; both are assessments in the sputum/expectorating domain but the ICHI code targets physiological function rather than specimen care procedures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="179825009"/>
<display value="Stabilization of joint by repair of capsule"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Stabilisation of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no capsulorrhaphy-specific code; MRJ.LC.AA captures the stabilisation outcome at an unspecified joint site but does not encode the specific mechanism (capsule repair/plication), resulting in an approximate match lacking both site and technique specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239437008"/>
<display value="Stabilization of shoulder joint"/>
<target>
<code value="MDL.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Stabilisation of shoulder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no stabilisation code under the shoulder joint block (MDJ); the only shoulder stabilisation code sits under the ligament or fascia of shoulder region block (MDL), reflecting that shoulder stabilisation procedures act on capsulolabral/ligamentous structures rather than the joint cavity itself, creating an axis mismatch between the SNOMED joint target and the ICHI ligament/fascia target."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="239552003"/>
<display value="Stabilization of spinal dislocation"/>
<target>
<code value="MBZ.LE.AA"/>
<display value="Spinal fusion, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code explicitly for stabilization of spinal dislocation; spinal fusion (MBZ.LE.AA) represents the definitive stabilization procedure performed after reduction of a spinal dislocation and is the closest functional equivalent, but the ICHI code does not capture the dislocation context or the reduction component inherent in the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386733008"/>
<display
value="Stamey endoscopic suspension of neck of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.LC.AC"/>
<display value="Transvaginal suspension procedures on bladder neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Stamey procedure is an endoscopic needle suspension of the bladder neck for stress urinary incontinence; NAK.LC.AC captures the correct target, action (suspension), and approach (transvaginal), but ICHI does not encode the specific Stamey needle technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="67059003"/>
<display value="Stapedectomy with incus replacement"/>
<target>
<code value="CBF.JJ.AC"/>
<display value="Stapedectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="CBF.JJ.AC covers stapedectomy but does not capture the incus replacement component of this procedure; the ossicular reconstruction aspect is present in CBF.ML.AC, but neither code alone captures the combined stapedectomy-plus-incus-replacement procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="65392003"/>
<display value="Stapling of artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Stapling of an artery achieves surgical occlusion of the vessel, matching the action coded in IZA.LA.AA; ICHI does not specify stapling as the means and "not elsewhere classified" indicates a residual code, though the functional outcome is well represented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="58551009"/>
<display value="Stapling of carpal bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MGB.LL.AA"/>
<display
value="Limb shortening procedures of bone of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Epiphyseal stapling of a carpal bone is a limb-shortening/growth-arrest procedure, and carpal bones fall within the MGB target; however MGB.LL.AA encompasses all limb-shortening procedures without specifying the stapling technique or the carpal bone specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="86749008"/>
<display value="Stripping and ligation"/>
<target>
<code value="IFD.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of lower limb vein"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Stripping and ligation" almost universally refers to surgical treatment of varicose saphenous veins. ICHI has no dedicated code for this combined procedure; "Partial excision of lower limb vein" is the closest structural match for the stripping component but omits the ligation step."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="22977002"/>
<display value="Stripping of bone"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Periosteal stripping has no dedicated ICHI code; "Debridement of bone of unspecified site" is the closest available action on bone but implies removing necrotic or foreign material rather than stripping the periosteal layer."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1995001"/>
<display value="Stripping of cerebral meninges"/>
<target>
<code value="AAC.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial excision of cerebral meninges"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Stripping (meningolysis or cortical decortication) differs from true excision, but ICHI's "Partial excision of cerebral meninges" is the closest available code in the cerebral meninges block."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265121005"/>
<display value="Stripping of intrinsic muscle origin from os calcis"/>
<target>
<code value="MOL.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Stripping of intrinsic muscle origins from the calcaneus most closely aligns with excision of ligament or fascia of foot or toe; however, the ICHI code does not precisely capture the muscle-origin-stripping aspect, and no foot muscle-specific stripping code exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="72575001"/>
<display value="Stripping of spinal meninges"/>
<target>
<code value="ABC.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of spinal meninges"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Stripping of spinal meninges (meningolysis) involves mechanically removing or peeling meningeal tissue; debridement implies removal of devitalised tissue whereas meningeal stripping is typically performed to release adhesions, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="73474008"/>
<display value="Stump elongation of upper extremity"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.LK.AA"/>
<display value="Limb lengthening procedures of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's limb lengthening codes cover distraction osteogenesis of bone, whereas stump elongation may involve soft-tissue or osseous techniques across the whole upper extremity without specifying a single bone; MRB.LK.AA is the closest available unspecified-site limb lengthening code but is an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233511004"/>
<display value="Subclavian artery cannula insertion"/>
<target>
<code value="IZA.DL.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal insertion of device into artery, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for subclavian artery cannula insertion; no DL (device insertion) code exists within the upper-limb or head/neck artery blocks, so the NEC residual category is the closest available match, though "transluminal" does not precisely align with simple cannulation technique."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="415662004"/>
<display value="Substance misuse monitoring"/>
<target>
<code value="VA1.AA.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assessment of substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated monitoring code for substance misuse; VA1.AA.ZZ is the closest approximation, as monitoring is an ongoing form of assessment, but the ICHI code does not specifically convey the longitudinal surveillance aspect of misuse monitoring."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="423416000"/>
<display value="Substance use cessation case management"/>
<target>
<code value="PZB.TD.ZZ"/>
<display value="Case coordination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code combining substance-use cessation with case management; PZB.TD.ZZ captures the care management and coordination component but does not encode the substance-use or cessation context, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="424589009"/>
<display value="Substance use treatment: cessation"/>
<target>
<code value="VA1.PP.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Counselling about substance-related and addictive behaviours, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a specific cessation treatment code for substance use; VA1.PP.ZZ is the closest clinical-intervention code covering therapeutic work aimed at behaviour change, but it does not capture the full scope of cessation treatment which may include pharmacotherapy or structured programs beyond counselling."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702738006"/>
<display value="Supervision of high risk pregnancy"/>
<target>
<code value="NUE.AI.ZZ"/>
<display value="Monitoring of functions related to pregnancy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="NUE.AI.ZZ covers ongoing monitoring of pregnancy-related functions, which is a core component of high-risk pregnancy supervision. However, the SNOMED concept implies a broader care management role including risk stratification, while the ICHI code is limited to the monitoring action."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="710821002"/>
<display value="Support of spiritual ritual"/>
<target>
<code value="SXH.RB.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Practical support with engaging in religion and spirituality"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Supporting a spiritual ritual is a form of practical support for religious and spiritual engagement, which aligns closely with SXH.RB.ZZ. The ICHI code is slightly broader (covers all religion and spirituality engagement, not only ritual specifically)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1172623006"/>
<display value="Support of victim of intimate partner violence"/>
<target>
<code value="VBB.RC.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Emotional support for family and partner violence behaviours"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VBB.RC.ZZ targets the violence behaviour itself (family and partner violence) rather than framing the intervention as directed at a victim, and also encompasses family violence beyond intimate partners; the semantic fit is approximate but this is the closest available ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274356009"/>
<display value="Surgical biopsy of biliary system"/>
<target>
<code value="KCM.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Biopsy of bile duct"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="KCM.AD.AA represents an open (approach AA) biopsy of the bile duct, which aligns with the surgical approach and is the closest structural match, but "biliary system" in SNOMED is broader than "bile duct" alone (it could include the gallbladder and hepatic ducts), making this an approximate rather than exact or simple wider/narrower equivalence."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287522000"/>
<display value="Surgical biopsy of female perineum"/>
<target>
<code value="PAW.AD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous biopsy of perineum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The target (perineum) and action (biopsy/AD) match precisely, but ICHI only encodes a percutaneous (AE) approach here — no open surgical (AA) variant exists for this site. The SNOMED term specifies a surgical approach, making this an approximate rather than exact match; additionally, ICHI's perineum block is anatomically sex-neutral, while the SNOMED concept is scoped to the female perineum."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287560009"/>
<display value="Surgical biopsy of gastrointestinal tract"/>
<target>
<code value="KZZ.AD.AA"/>
<display value="Intestinal biopsy, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This is the closest residual ICHI code for a non-site-specific GI biopsy, but "intestinal" does not cover the full gastrointestinal tract (it excludes oesophagus and stomach), and the SNOMED concept is explicitly a surgical/open approach whereas ICHI does not specify means (ZZ implied). A broader GI biopsy NEC code does not exist in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287525003"/>
<display value="Surgical biopsy of male perineum"/>
<target>
<code value="PAW.AD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous biopsy of perineum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="PAW.AD.AE covers biopsy of the perineum but specifies a percutaneous approach, whereas the SNOMED concept denotes a surgical (open/incisional) approach; no open biopsy of perineum code exists in ICHI. Additionally, ICHI does not restrict the target to male perineum specifically, making this an approximate match on both approach and sex-specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="308000002"/>
<display value="Surgical biopsy of skin"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI bundles skin and subcutaneous tissue together and only classifies skin biopsy as percutaneous (AE), whereas SNOMED's "surgical biopsy" implies an open/incisional approach; LZZ.AD.AE is the closest site-unspecified code but differs in both approach and target scope."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287563006"/>
<display value="Surgical biopsy of subcutaneous tissue"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.AD.AE"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous biopsy of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no standalone subcutaneous tissue biopsy code — it groups skin and subcutaneous tissue together under a single target axis, and the only site-unspecified biopsy code specifies a percutaneous rather than open surgical approach."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="1805005"/>
<display value="Surgical closure of stoma"/>
<target>
<code value="PTB.LA.AC"/>
<display value="Closure of enterostomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI distinguishes stoma closure by specific type (gastrostomy PTA.LA.AC, enterostomy PTB.LA.AC, tracheostomy PTC.LA.AC) but has no single generic "closure of stoma" code that spans all types. PTB.LA.AC is selected as a representative approximate match for a generic stoma closure, though it applies only to intestinal stomas."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="274052000"/>
<display value="Surgical dislocation reduction"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.LD.AA"/>
<display value="Open reduction of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI structures joint reduction by specific site and approach (open vs. closed), with no single code covering "dislocation reduction" generically across all joints; MRJ.LD.AA covers open reduction at an unspecified joint site, which approximates the surgical (open) intent but does not capture closed surgical reduction, and ICHI's "LD" action (repositioning) maps well to dislocation reduction semantics."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265730005"/>
<display value="Surgical manipulation of coccyx"/>
<target>
<code value="MBU.LD.AH"/>
<display value="Closed reduction of coccyx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "manipulation of coccyx" code; the coccyx block contains reduction, osteotomy, excision, and immobilisation codes but not a general manipulation category. Closed reduction (MBU.LD.AH) is the closest procedural analog for a manual surgical manipulation of the coccyx, but it implies a fracture/dislocation context that the SNOMED term does not necessarily specify."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="29454005"/>
<display value="Surgical occlusion of aorta"/>
<target>
<code value="HIH.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Partial occlusion of abdominal aorta"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a general "occlusion of aorta" code — all aortic occlusion codes are segment-specific (ascending, descending thoracic, abdominal) and qualified as "partial"; HIH.LA.AA is the most commonly referenced aortic occlusion code but differs from the SNOMED concept in both anatomical specificity and the "partial" qualifier."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="450826000"/>
<display
value="Surgical procedure on internal thoracic artery by transluminal approach"/>
<target>
<code value="IDA.LG.AF"/>
<display
value="Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of artery of thorax"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a code specific to the internal thoracic artery; the target axis IDA covers arteries of the thorax in general, and the means axis AF encodes the percutaneous/endovascular transluminal approach. IDA.LG.AF is the best fitting assignable code for a transluminal intervention on a thoracic artery, but it specifies dilatation as the action whereas the SNOMED concept is agnostic to the specific procedure type, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="230897007"/>
<display value="Surgical procedure on intracranial aneurysm"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of intracranial artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated code for intracranial aneurysm repair (neither clipping nor coiling appears as a named code); "Reconstruction of intracranial artery" (IAA.ML.AA) is the closest assignable code that encompasses surgical repair/reconstruction of an intracranial arterial abnormality such as an aneurysm. The match is approximate because the aneurysm-specific pathology is not encoded, and endovascular coiling would instead map to IAA.LA.AF."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="89844005"/>
<display
value="Surgical reduction of torsion of testis with orchiopexy"/>
<target>
<code value="NGL.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Orchiopexy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept combines two distinct components — detorsion of the testis and orchiopexy (fixation to prevent recurrence) — but ICHI codes these separately: NGD.LD.AA covers reduction of torsion of spermatic cord while NGL.LC.AA covers orchiopexy. Orchiopexy is chosen as the primary mapping because it is the definitive surgical fixation step that characterises this combined procedure, but the match is inexact as neither code alone captures the full dual intent of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="33398007"/>
<display value="Surgical sequestration"/>
<target>
<code value="MRB.JG.AA"/>
<display value="Debridement of bone of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no code for sequestrectomy (removal of necrotic bone sequestrum); debridement of bone at an unspecified site is the functionally closest match, capturing the removal of devitalised bone tissue, though debridement is a broader concept than the specific act of sequestrum excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="231735002"/>
<display value="Surgical trabeculoplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="BBE.LI.AA"/>
<display
value="Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a dedicated trabeculoplasty code; "Facilitation of circulation in anterior chamber of eye" best reflects the functional goal of trabeculoplasty — improving aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork — though it does not specify the surgical/laser technique or the trabecular meshwork as the target structure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448410004"/>
<display value="Suturing of ligament of shoulder joint"/>
<target>
<code value="MDL.LB.AA"/>
<display value="Reattachment of ligament or fascia of shoulder"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no "repair" code in the shoulder ligament block; the closest available concept is MDL.LB.AA (reattachment), which overlaps in intent with suturing/repair of a ligament but denotes reattachment specifically. This is an approximate match as suturing a shoulder ligament may or may not involve reattachment from a bony site."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225137003"/>
<display value="Swabbing skin area"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DB.AH"/>
<display
value="External application of substance or living organism to skin and subcutaneous tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Swabbing a skin area (e.g., with an antiseptic or cleansing agent) is best approximated by LZZ.DB.AH, which covers external application of a substance to the skin. The match is inexact because "swabbing" connotes a physical cleansing/sampling action that is not perfectly captured by "external application," and no specimen-collection or skin-cleansing code specific to a generic skin area exists in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="33567009"/>
<display value="Synovectomy of tendon sheath"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Tenonectomy of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated synovectomy of tendon sheath code; MRT.JJ.AA "Tenonectomy of unspecified site" is the closest available code, representing excision of tendon tissue at an unspecified location, but it describes excision of the tendon itself rather than specifically the synovial lining (sheath) of the tendon."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="85396007"/>
<display value="Synovial fluid analysis"/>
<target>
<code value="MRJ.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of joint of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for laboratory analysis of synovial fluid; MRJ.JB.AE is the closest code as it represents the procedural step of percutaneously obtaining fluid from a joint, but it does not capture the analytical/diagnostic laboratory examination component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="241720001"/>
<display value="Taping of eyelid"/>
<target>
<code value="BAA.DK.AH"/>
<display value="Dressing of eyelid"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Taping of the eyelid (typically used to keep the eye closed in facial palsy or protect the cornea) is an external application to the eyelid, which is functionally similar to dressing; BAA.DK.AH is anatomically precise (eyelid) and the action axis DK covers external application/dressing, but "dressing" does not fully capture the mechanical fixation purpose of taping."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="288078009"/>
<display value="Tendon transposition"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.LJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Tendon transposition (re-routing a tendon to a new attachment without detaching it from its origin) is closely related to but conceptually distinct from tendon transfer (which involves detachment and reattachment). MRT.LJ.AA is the best available match at an unspecified site, but the equivalence is inexact due to both the procedural distinction and the lack of a specified anatomical site in the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="118659004"/>
<display value="Tenosuspension"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of tendon of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Tenosuspension (using a tendon as a suspensory sling/anchor) does not have a direct ICHI equivalent; MRT.ML.AA (reconstruction) is the closest action since suspension procedures involve rerouting/reattaching tendon tissue, but the concepts are not directly equivalent and no dedicated ICHI suspension code exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="305064008"/>
<display value="Therapeutic stretching"/>
<target>
<code value="MTB.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for mobility of joint functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated stretching or flexibility code; the closest functional rehabilitation concept is guided exercise to improve joint mobility, which overlaps substantially with therapeutic stretching intent. However, the ICHI code is restricted to the joint-mobility functional target and does not explicitly capture soft-tissue or muscle stretching as a distinct intervention."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119945004"/>
<display value="Thyroid gland closure"/>
<target>
<code value="EBA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Suture of thyroid gland"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated "thyroid closure" code; suture of the thyroid gland is the closest available wound-closure intervention on the thyroid, but "closure" in SNOMED may encompass techniques beyond suturing alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119947007"/>
<display value="Thyroid gland repair"/>
<target>
<code value="EBA.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Suture of thyroid gland"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="EBA.MK.AA is the only repair-type code in the ICHI thyroid block, and suturing is a common form of organ repair, but "repair" is a broader concept that may include techniques not covered by suture alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="34935006"/>
<display value="Toe to finger transfer, first stage"/>
<target>
<code value="PME.LB.AA"/>
<display value="Reattachment of finger, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="A toe-to-finger transfer (first stage) involves toe procurement for microsurgical transplantation to reconstruct a finger; ICHI lacks a specific code for toe-to-finger transfer, and PME.LB.AA is the closest covering reattachment/microsurgical work at the finger."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="88762003"/>
<display value="Toe to finger transfer, second stage"/>
<target>
<code value="PME.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The second stage of a toe-to-finger transfer typically involves completion of the reconstruction (inset, revascularisation, refinement); PME.ML.AA best reflects the reconstructive outcome but does not capture the staged/microsurgical nature or the toe origin."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="60562006"/>
<display value="Tooth extraction, root removal of exposed roots"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.JE.AC"/>
<display value="Extraction of tooth without incision"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Removal of exposed (retained) roots is typically performed without mucosal incision using forceps or elevators, aligning closest with KAE.JE.AC, but ICHI does not distinguish root-only removal from full-tooth extraction."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="443231000"/>
<display
value="Total excision of nail and nail matrix with amputation of tuft of distal phalanx"/>
<target>
<code value="LBF.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of nail of toe"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="This SNOMED concept is a compound procedure combining total nail excision, nail matrix removal, and bony tuft amputation (MOB.JN.AA territory); no single ICHI code covers all three components. LBF.JK.AA captures the dominant nail excision component but omits the nail matrix removal and the bony amputation, making it an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="237368004"/>
<display
value="Total mastectomy and excision of part of pectoral muscles and chest wall"/>
<target>
<code value="LCA.JL.AA"/>
<display value="Radical mastectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Radical mastectomy classically involves removal of the breast with pectoral muscles (Halsted procedure), which aligns well with the SNOMED concept's inclusion of pectoral muscle and chest wall excision alongside total mastectomy; however, "radical" in ICHI may imply a fully standardised extent that does not precisely map to the partial chest wall excision variant described in the SNOMED term, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="718630007"/>
<display value="Training to manage personal hygiene"/>
<target>
<code value="SMC.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in caring for body parts"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Personal hygiene management maps most closely to "caring for body parts" (SMC.PH.ZZ), which covers the activity-level self-care task of keeping one's body clean — the core of personal hygiene. The match is inexact because personal hygiene also encompasses behaviours like hand hygiene addressed under VED.PH.ZZ, and the SNOMED concept is somewhat broader than the single ICHI code captures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="448767009"/>
<display value="Transcatheter embolization of intracranial vessel"/>
<target>
<code value="IAA.LA.AF"/>
<display
value="Endovascular embolisation or occlusion of intracranial artery"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept refers to any intracranial vessel (artery or vein), while ICHI specifies the intracranial artery; there is no single ICHI code covering endovascular embolisation of intracranial vessels generally, so this is an approximate match that may exclude intracranial venous embolizations."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="870382003"/>
<display value="Transfer of gluteus maximus tendon"/>
<target>
<code value="MRT.LJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Tendon transfer or transplantation of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The gluteus maximus (hip/pelvic region) has no dedicated tendon transfer code in ICHI — the hip tendon block contains only tenotomy and division codes — so the unspecified-site fallback MRT.LJ.AA is the best available match. The action (tendon transfer) is semantically correct but the anatomical specificity is entirely absent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="444115008"/>
<display
value="Transfer of tibialis anterior tendon through interosseous membrane of leg"/>
<target>
<code value="MNT.LJ.AA"/>
<display value="Transfer or transplantation of tendon of ankle"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="MNT.LJ.AA resides in the "Interventions on tendon of lower leg" block and covers lower-leg tendon transfer, which includes the tibialis anterior. However, the ICHI title references "ankle" rather than the specific tibialis anterior tendon, and does not encode the distinctive surgical route through the interosseous membrane, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="699074005"/>
<display value="Transgastric plication of esophageal varices"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.LA.AD"/>
<display value="Endoscopic occlusion of oesophagus"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no specific code for transgastric plication of oesophageal varices; KBA.LA.AD captures the endoscopic approach and occlusive intent on the oesophagus, but does not specify the transgastric route, the plication technique, or that the target is varices specifically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="421239004"/>
<display value="Transillumination of eye"/>
<target>
<code value="BZA.AA.ZZ"/>
<display value="Assessment of eye, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated eye transillumination code; the only transillumination codes in ICHI are for paranasal sinus and infant skull. Transillumination of the eye is a diagnostic assessment technique, so BZA.AA.ZZ captures the general intent but does not reflect the specific illumination-based method."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="309889005"/>
<display value="Transillumination of tooth"/>
<target>
<code value="KAE.AE.AC"/>
<display value="Dental examination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated tooth transillumination code; transillumination of a tooth (fiber-optic transillumination/FOTI) is a diagnostic dental examination technique, so KAE.AE.AC is the closest available code. The match is approximate as it does not convey the specific transillumination method."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265506006"/>
<display value="Translocation of branch of renal artery"/>
<target>
<code value="IEA.LB.AA"/>
<display value="Reimplantation of aberrant renal vessel"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="IEA.LB.AA is the only ICHI code specifically addressing surgical repositioning/reattachment of a renal vessel; "reimplantation" overlaps with "translocation," but reimplantation of aberrant renal vessel implies correcting a congenital anomaly, while translocation of branch of renal artery is a broader surgical repositioning concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="233093006"/>
<display
value="Transluminal left ventricular outflow tract laser operation"/>
<target>
<code value="HBA.JI.AA"/>
<display
value="Local excision of left ventricular outflow tract tissue"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Both target the left ventricular outflow tract with the therapeutic aim of reducing obstructive tissue, but the SNOMED concept specifies a transluminal laser whereas ICHI codes only an open local excision; no transluminal or laser/destruction code exists for the LVOT in ICHI."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="56429009"/>
<display
value="Transnasal eustachian tube inflation with catheterization"/>
<target>
<code value="CBH.LG.AC"/>
<display value="Dilatation of eustachian tube"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Eustachian tube inflation achieves dilatation/opening of the tube, making CBH.LG.AC the closest semantic match. However, the SNOMED concept combines inflation with catheterization as a composite procedure, and ICHI represents these as separate codes, so neither alone is a precise equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="6471000179103"/>
<display value="Transplantation of kidney and pancreas"/>
<target>
<code value="KCO.KD.AA"/>
<display value="Pancreatic transplant"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined kidney-pancreas transplant code (unlike heart-lung); the pancreatic transplant code is selected as the less-routine organ in this combined procedure, but the kidney transplantation component (NAA.KD.AA) is omitted."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="13392003"/>
<display value="Transplantation of larynx"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of larynx"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="There is no JAN.KD.AA (larynx transplantation) code in ICHI; reconstruction of the larynx is the closest available code within the larynx block, but it does not convey the transplantation action (allograft replacement of the entire organ)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174691005"/>
<display value="Transplantation of pancreas and duodenum"/>
<target>
<code value="KCO.KD.AA"/>
<display value="Pancreatic transplant"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined pancreas-duodenum transplant code and no duodenum transplant code; KCO.KD.AA covers the pancreatic component but omits the duodenum, losing the clinically significant co-transplantation of the duodenal segment."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="19175006"/>
<display value="Transposition of tendon of hand"/>
<target>
<code value="MGT.LJ.AA"/>
<display
value="Tendon transfer or transplantation of hand or finger"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI uses MGT (tendon of hand or finger) with action LJ (transfer/transplantation) as the best available code; tendon transposition and tendon transfer are closely related but not identical operations, and the ICHI title also bundles in transplantation, making this an approximate rather than equivalent match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="120159000"/>
<display value="Transposition of tissue of thorax"/>
<target>
<code value="PAF.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of chest wall"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No reconstruction or transposition code exists for the thorax or chest wall soft tissue in ICHI; PAF.MK.AA (Repair of chest wall) is the nearest available code but covers a narrower anatomical target (chest wall specifically, not the full thorax) and a less specific action (repair rather than transposition/reconstruction)."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449657004"/>
<display value="Transposition of tissue of upper arm"/>
<target>
<code value="MRS.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of soft tissue of unspecified site"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no transposition or reconstruction code for soft tissue of the upper arm specifically (the MIS upper limb soft tissue block contains only rehab codes); MRS.ML.AA captures the surgical action (reconstruction/tissue rearrangement) but loses the upper-arm site specificity, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="86561003"/>
<display value="Transurethral clearance of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.JA.AB"/>
<display value="Endoscopic irrigation of bladder clots"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Clearance" of the bladder via the urethra most closely corresponds to endoscopic (transurethral) irrigation to evacuate clots or debris; however, "clearance" is a broader concept that may include debris other than clots, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="51421008"/>
<display value="Transurethral curettage of urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.JI.AD"/>
<display value="Transurethral resection of bladder lesion"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Curettage (scraping of the bladder wall via the urethra) and transurethral resection are both tissue-removal procedures performed endoscopically via the urethra, but they differ in technique and clinical indication; no dedicated curettage code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available approximation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="388229009"/>
<display
value="Transurethral external sphincterotomy of male urinary bladder"/>
<target>
<code value="NAK.FA.AD"/>
<display value="Transurethral endoscopic incision of bladder neck"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI does not have a dedicated code for external urethral sphincterotomy; the closest available code is transurethral incision of the bladder neck (NAK.FA.AD), which shares the same approach and a similar incision action but targets the bladder neck rather than the external sphincter specifically, making this an approximate rather than exact match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="24485004"/>
<display value="Trochanterplasty"/>
<target>
<code value="MLB.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Bone graft to femur"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Trochanterplasty is a reconstructive/reshaping procedure of the femoral trochanter — ICHI has no specific trochanterplasty or trochanteric reconstruction code, and the closest available is bone grafting/reconstruction of the femur. This is an approximate match as it covers femoral bone reconstruction but does not specifically encode trochanteric reshaping or the plasty concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="397862008"/>
<display value="Tympanostomy"/>
<target>
<code value="CBB.JB.AC"/>
<display value="Myringotomy with insertion of tube"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Tympanostomy (creation of a stoma in the tympanic membrane) is most commonly performed with ventilation tube insertion, which matches CBB.JB.AC well, but tympanostomy can also refer to the opening alone without tube placement, introducing a slight semantic mismatch with this ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="6527005"/>
<display value="Uchida fimbriectomy with tubal ligation by endoscopy"/>
<target>
<code value="NMC.LA.AB"/>
<display value="Laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The Uchida procedure involves partial salpingectomy of the fimbrial end (fimbriectomy) combined with tubal ligation performed endoscopically, but ICHI separates occlusion from partial salpingectomy and has no single code combining both steps; laparoscopic occlusion of fallopian tubes is the closest single match given that the primary sterilisation intent is tubal occlusion performed endoscopically."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="702985005"/>
<display value="Ultrasonography of fetal shunt"/>
<target>
<code value="NMR.BA.BJ"/>
<display
value="Ultrasound of fetal structure, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no code for imaging a fetal shunt specifically; all ICHI shunt codes represent interventional creation or dilatation procedures, not imaging. NMR.BA.BJ is the closest available code as a catch-all for ultrasound of any fetal structure, but the target (a shunt device within a fetus) is not directly represented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304436001"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to abdomen"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the abdomen; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) is the closest match for the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound, though the abdomen as target and ultrasound as means are not encoded. Aligned with rows 20319-20323."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304439008"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to ankle"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain, using heat as means) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the ankle as the target or ultrasound as the specific physical agent. The SNOMED concept's anatomical site specificity is entirely lost."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304431006"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to elbow"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI lacks a therapeutic ultrasound code for any musculoskeletal site; AXA.SD.BQ is the closest available code for a heat-based physical agent treatment targeting pain, but neither the elbow target nor the ultrasound modality is represented."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304440005"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to foot"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no therapeutic ultrasound code for the foot or any specific body part; AXA.SD.BQ approximates the intent (deep heat application for pain/tissue treatment) but omits the foot as anatomical target and ultrasound as the specific modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304433009"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to hand"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="No ICHI code exists for therapeutic ultrasound applied to the hand; AXA.SD.BQ is the nearest available concept, representing heat-based intervention for pain, but it does not encode the hand as target or ultrasound as means."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304437005"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to hip"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no therapeutic ultrasound codes for any joint or limb region; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) is the closest match for a heat-based physical therapy modality, but the hip target and ultrasound-as-instrument are absent from the ICHI code."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304438000"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to knee"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the knee; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the knee as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304435002"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to pelvis"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the pelvis; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the pelvis as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304430007"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to shoulder"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the shoulder; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the shoulder as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304432004"/>
<display value="Ultrasound treatment to wrist"/>
<target>
<code value="AXA.SD.BQ"/>
<display value="Hyperthermy for pain"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no dedicated therapeutic ultrasound code for the wrist; AXA.SD.BQ (hyperthermy for pain via heat) captures the deep-heat/analgesic mechanism of therapeutic ultrasound but does not encode the wrist as target or ultrasound as means. Aligned with rows 20319-20323; ESWT (M*.SC.BJ) was rejected as a different modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="182668004"/>
<display value="Ultraviolet lesion destruction"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI captures destruction of skin tissue (LZZ.GA.AH) but has no means code representing ultraviolet radiation as the destructive agent — the .AH means code denotes 'without incision/external' broadly, and radiotherapy-specific destruction codes use .BA (ionising radiation). The match is approximate: the action (destruction) and target (skin) align, but the UV modality is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="386302008"/>
<display value="Unplanned pregnancy counseling"/>
<target>
<code value="NUE.PM.ZZ"/>
<display value="Education about functions related to pregnancy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no counselling (PP action) code under the pregnancy functions block NUE — only education (PM), training (PH), and emotional support (RC). NUE.PM.ZZ is the closest available code for a pregnancy-related psychosocial intervention, but it maps education rather than counselling and does not capture the "unplanned" specificity."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="405292005"/>
<display value="Upper limb sympathectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="ADC.JK.AA"/>
<display value="Total excision of thoracic sympathetic nerve"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Upper limb sympathectomy is performed by ablating the thoracic sympathetic chain (typically T2–T4), which corresponds to ADC.JK.AA; however, ICHI encodes this by anatomical level of the nerve (thoracic) rather than by the limb territory affected, and the SNOMED concept is approach-agnostic while this ICHI code specifies open excision."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="359877002"/>
<display value="Uranorrhaphy for cleft palate repair"/>
<target>
<code value="KAT.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of hard palate"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Uranorrhaphy (suture repair of the palate) for cleft palate involves both hard and soft palate structures, but ICHI has no single code covering the full cleft palate repair procedure. KAT.MK.AA captures the primary structural component of the repair, though it excludes the soft palate element and does not specify the cleft palate aetiology."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="108039008"/>
<display value="Urethra excision"/>
<target>
<code value="NAM.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial urethrectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept is an unqualified grouper for any excision of the urethra, covering both partial (NAM.JJ.AA) and complete (NAM.JK.AA) urethrectomy; no single NOS urethra-excision code exists in ICHI, so partial urethrectomy is selected as the most representative category."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="737841004"/>
<display value="Urinary elimination care management"/>
<target>
<code value="NT2.RB.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Practical support with urinary functions, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Urinary elimination care management" is a nursing/care coordination concept encompassing practical oversight and support for a patient's urinary elimination; NT2.RB.ZZ (Practical support with urinary functions) is the closest ICHI concept, but the match is approximate as care management implies a broader coordination role beyond direct practical support."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="236167008"/>
<display value="Urinary undiversion"/>
<target>
<code value="NAE.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of ureter"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI contains no specific code for reversal of urinary diversion (undiversion). The closest structural code is "Reconstruction of ureter" (NAE.ML.AA), since undiversion typically involves ureteric re-implantation and reconstruction of the normal urinary conduit, but this does not fully represent the complexity or scope of the undiversion procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="167217005"/>
<display value="Urine examination"/>
<target>
<code value="XG0NB5"/>
<display value="Urine chemistry"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no single code for a general urine examination; XG0NB5 (Urine chemistry) is the closest available concept within the Essential Laboratory Tests section, but it captures only the chemical analysis component and excludes physical or microscopic examination elements that "urine examination" may encompass."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="418704006"/>
<display value="US scan and aspiration of kidney"/>
<target>
<code value="NAA.JB.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous drainage of kidney"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has no combined ultrasound-guided aspiration code for the kidney; NAA.JB.AE (percutaneous drainage of kidney) is the closest interventional kidney procedure, but it does not capture the imaging guidance component nor the precise aspiration (as opposed to drainage) intent of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="225980008"/>
<display value="Using a calm reassuring manner"/>
<target>
<code value="AUD.RC.ZZ"/>
<display value="Emotional support for emotional functions"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Using a calm reassuring manner is a form of emotional support directed at reducing patient distress, which aligns most closely with emotional support for emotional functions; however ICHI frames this as a structured intervention whereas the SNOMED concept describes a communication style or behavioural approach during care."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="63516002"/>
<display
value="Vaginal hysterectomy with colpo-urethrocystopexy, Pereyra type"/>
<target>
<code value="NME.JK.AC"/>
<display value="Total vaginal hysterectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The SNOMED concept describes a compound procedure combining total vaginal hysterectomy with a Pereyra-type needle suspension for stress urinary incontinence. ICHI has no single code for this combined procedure; NME.JK.AC captures only the hysterectomy component, omitting the colpo-urethrocystopexy element."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="174000"/>
<display value="Vaginopexy by colposuspension"/>
<target>
<code value="NMH.LC.AC"/>
<display
value="Vaginal suspension and fixation via transvaginal approach"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Colposuspension (Burch procedure) is classically an abdominal/retropubic procedure to elevate the vagina and bladder neck, while NMH.LC.AC specifically denotes the transvaginal approach; no ICHI code precisely captures the colposuspension technique, making this an approximate match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="301885002"/>
<display value="Venous clamping procedure"/>
<target>
<code value="IZD.LA.AA"/>
<display value="Occlusion of vein, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Clamping is a temporary mechanical occlusion of a vein (typically intraoperative), while IZD.LA.AA captures the functional intent (blocking venous flow) but does not convey the temporary/surgical-clamp nature of the procedure."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="265218003"/>
<display value="Ventriculocisternostomy"/>
<target>
<code value="AAE.LI.AA"/>
<display value="Ventricular shunt"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Ventriculocisternostomy (Torkildsen's procedure) creates a direct surgical anastomosis between a lateral ventricle and the cisterna magna without implanting a shunt device; AAE.LI.AA is the closest available code but the operative technique differs."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="71840009"/>
<display value="Vesicourethropexy"/>
<target>
<code value="NAI.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Cystopexy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Vesicourethropexy is a combined bladder-and-urethra suspension procedure (e.g., Burch colposuspension, MMK); ICHI offers only Cystopexy (fixation of the bladder alone), so the urethral component is not captured."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="287339004"/>
<display value="Vessel graft implant"/>
<target>
<code value="IZE.ML.AA"/>
<display
value="Reconstruction of blood vessel, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Vessel graft implantation involves inserting a graft to replace or reinforce a vessel segment, which most closely aligns with reconstruction of blood vessel; however "reconstruction" is a broader action that is not synonymous with graft implantation alone."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="449201002"/>
<display value="Video assisted thoracoscopy"/>
<target>
<code value="JCH.AE.AB"/>
<display value="Transpleural thoracoscopy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="JCH.AE.AB describes thoracoscopic examination via a transpleural route, closely aligning with VATS, but does not explicitly encode the "video-assisted" technique and covers a slightly different anatomical framing."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="446895006"/>
<display value="Visual laser assisted prostatectomy"/>
<target>
<code value="NGA.JJ.AD"/>
<display value="Transurethral endoscopic prostatectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="VLAP is a transurethral laser vaporisation of the prostate, but ICHI has no specific laser prostatectomy code; the closest available shares the route and intent but does not capture the laser means axis."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="87852001"/>
<display value="Vocational retraining"/>
<target>
<code value="STF.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in engaging in vocational training"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Retraining implies acquiring new occupational skills (often after injury or job loss); ICHI does not distinguish retraining from initial training, making the match approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="266720005"/>
<display value="Wart treatment"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.GA.AH"/>
<display
value="Destruction of skin and subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Wart treatment is method-unspecified — destruction (cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser, excision) is captured by LZZ.GA.AH but topical chemical treatment (salicylic acid, podophyllin) falls under LZZ.DB.AH (external application), so destruction does not cover the full semantic scope. LZZ.GA.AH remains the best single-code mapping since destruction is the most clinically predominant modality."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="241421003"/>
<display value="Whole body counting of radioactivity"/>
<target>
<code value="PZA.BA.BE"/>
<display value="Radioisotope scan of whole body"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Whole body counting of radioactivity is a dosimetry/measurement technique using radiation detectors to quantify radioactive material retained in the body, which is distinct from a diagnostic radioisotope scan; PZA.BA.BE is the closest ICHI code by modality and anatomical scope but conflates a scanning/imaging procedure with a counting/measurement procedure. No dedicated ICHI dosimetry counting code exists."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="78283003"/>
<display
value="Wide excision of malignant lesion of cervical esophagus"/>
<target>
<code value="KBA.JJ.AA"/>
<display value="Partial oesophagectomy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Wide excision of a malignant lesion of the cervical esophagus is functionally a partial oesophagectomy, but ICHI does not encode the cervical segment specifically nor the malignant indication; KBA.JI.AA (local excision of lesion) is too limited in scope for a "wide excision," while KBA.JJ.AA (partial oesophagectomy) is the closest structural and procedural match, though the correspondence is approximate."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="228645006"/>
<display value="Work simulation"/>
<target>
<code value="SU2.PG.ZZ"/>
<display
value="Assisting and leading exercise for engaging in work and employment, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Work simulation is an occupational rehabilitation technique in which real or simulated work tasks are practiced to restore work capacity, which aligns most closely with the "assisting and leading exercise" (PG action axis) applied to the work and employment target (SU2). No ICHI code specifically names work simulation."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="385942004"/>
<display value="Wound care management"/>
<target>
<code value="LZZ.DK.AH"/>
<display
value="Application of dressing to skin or subcutaneous cell tissue, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Wound care management" encompasses the full range of wound treatment activities (dressing, debridement, irrigation, monitoring), while the ICHI code captures only dressing application — the most prototypical single wound care management act. The match is approximate since no single ICHI code covers the breadth of the SNOMED concept."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119645001"/>
<display value="Wrist incision"/>
<target>
<code value="MFJ.FA.AA"/>
<display value="Arthrotomy of wrist joint"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI's best incision code for the wrist is arthrotomy of the wrist joint, but the SNOMED concept "wrist incision" is anatomically non-specific and could refer to incision of skin, tendons, ligaments, or the joint capsule, whereas the ICHI code is restricted to the joint. No ICHI category covers a generic open incision of the wrist across all structures."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="119656001"/>
<display value="Wrist repair"/>
<target>
<code value="MFJ.MK.AA"/>
<display value="Repair of wrist joint, not elsewhere classified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="The ICHI code covers repair specifically of the wrist joint, whereas the SNOMED concept "wrist repair" is unspecified as to structure and could encompass tendon repair, ligament reconstruction, skin repair, or joint repair at the wrist. The joint-specific ICHI code is the closest available but does not fully capture the breadth of the SNOMED term."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="430871004"/>
<display value="Writing therapy"/>
<target>
<code value="SCG.PH.ZZ"/>
<display value="Training in writing"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value=""Writing therapy" refers to the therapeutic use of writing for psychological or rehabilitative benefit (e.g., expressive writing, journaling), while ICHI's "Training in writing" (SCG = writing activity target, PH = training) emphasises skill acquisition rather than therapeutic intent. The two concepts are related and partially overlapping but not semantically equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="235371008"/>
<display value="Abdominosacroperineal pull-through"/>
<target>
<code value="KBW.ML.AA"/>
<display value="Reconstruction of rectum"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Abdominosacroperineal pull-through is a complex colorectal reconstruction procedure involving abdominal, sacral, and perineal approaches to pull bowel through to the perineum; ICHI has no specific pull-through code, but reconstruction of rectum (KBW.ML.AA) captures the reconstructive nature of the operation, albeit without the multi-approach specificity or the sacral component."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="48457002"/>
<display value="Abduction procedure of arytenoid"/>
<target>
<code value="JAN.LC.AA"/>
<display value="Arytenoidopexy"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Arytenoid abduction (lateralisation of the arytenoid to widen the glottic airway) and arytenoidopexy (surgical fixation of the arytenoid) are closely related laryngeal procedures — both manipulate and permanently reposition the arytenoid cartilage — but arytenoidopexy technically denotes fixation rather than pure abduction; no dedicated arytenoid abduction code exists in ICHI, making this the closest available match."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="304894007"/>
<display value="Abreaction under hypnosis"/>
<target>
<code value="AS1.PQ.ZZ"/>
<display value="Psychotherapy for mental functions, unspecified"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="Abreaction under hypnosis is a specific psychotherapeutic technique (cathartic emotional release using hypnotic induction) that ICHI does not represent at this level of granularity; the closest available code is the unspecified psychotherapy for mental functions. Hypnotherapy and psychoanalytic techniques are not individually classified in ICHI, making this an approximate fit."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="229417004"/>
<display value="Accessory mobilization of the lumbar spine"/>
<target>
<code value="MBM.PB.AH"/>
<display value="Mobilisation of lumbar spine"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="ICHI has a direct mobilisation code for the lumbar spine at the correct anatomical level; however, "accessory mobilization" is a specific physiotherapy technique (passive joint-play mobilisation) that is not distinguished from general mobilisation in ICHI, making the match approximate rather than equivalent."/>
</target>
</element>
<element>
<code value="312871001"/>
<display value="Administration of bacterial vaccine"/>
<target>
<code value="DTB.VD.AE"/>
<display value="Percutaneous vaccination"/>
<equivalence value="inexact"/>
<comment
value="DTB.VD.AE represents percutaneous vaccination, the dominant route for bacterial vaccines, within the immunological system block. The match is inexact: the SNOMED specifies vaccine type without route, while ICHI specifies route without organism class."/>
</target>
</element>
</group>
</ConceptMap>