NZ Shared Digital Health Record API
1.0.1 - release

NZ Shared Digital Health Record API, published by Health New Zealand. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.1 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/tewhatuora/fhir-sdhr/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

## Resource Profile: Batch Bundle with a Single Patient

Official URL: https://fhir-ig.digital.health.nz/sdhr/StructureDefinition/SDHRBatchBundle | Version: 1.0.1
Active as of 2026-06-05 | Computable Name: BatchBundle

SDHR allows Bundle posts with the following restrictions:

- The Bundle type must be `batch` (transactions are not supported).
- All Patient references in the Bundle must target a single Patient.
- The Bundle must not contain any $participate or $hnz-participate requests.

Usages:

- Examples for this Profile: Bundle/Batch-example

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

### Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Table
- Snapshot Table
- Statistics/References
- All

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bundle | C | 0..* | Bundle | Contains a collection of resources Constraints: bdl-1, bdl-2, bdl-3, bdl-4, bdl-7, bdl-9, bdl-10, bdl-11, bdl-12, one-patient-only, no-participation-ops
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
type | Σ | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | batch | batch-response | history | searchset | collection Binding: BundleType (required): Indicates the purpose of a bundle - how it is intended to be used. Fixed Value: batch
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Bundle.type | Base | required | BundleType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
bdl-1 | error | Bundle | total only when a search or history | `total.empty() or (type = 'searchset') or (type = 'history')`
bdl-2 | error | Bundle | entry.search only when a search | `entry.search.empty() or (type = 'searchset')`
bdl-3 | error | Bundle | entry.request mandatory for batch/transaction/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(request.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch' or %resource.type = 'transaction' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-4 | error | Bundle | entry.response mandatory for batch-response/transaction-response/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(response.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch-response' or %resource.type = 'transaction-response' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-7 | error | Bundle | FullUrl must be unique in a bundle, or else entries with the same fullUrl must have different meta.versionId (except in history bundles) | `(type = 'history') or entry.where(fullUrl.exists()).select(fullUrl&resource.meta.versionId).isDistinct()`
bdl-9 | error | Bundle | A document must have an identifier with a system and a value | `type = 'document' implies (identifier.system.exists() and identifier.value.exists())`
bdl-10 | error | Bundle | A document must have a date | `type = 'document' implies (timestamp.hasValue())`
bdl-11 | error | Bundle | A document must have a Composition as the first resource | `type = 'document' implies entry.first().resource.is(Composition)`
bdl-12 | error | Bundle | A message must have a MessageHeader as the first resource | `type = 'message' implies entry.first().resource.is(MessageHeader)`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
no-participation-ops | error | Bundle | Bundle entries MUST NOT invoke $participate or $hnz-participate. | `entry.request.url.where($this.matches('[$](participate|hnz-participate)')).exists().not()`
one-patient-only | error | Bundle | All Patient references in the bundle are the same (compares full reference strings). | `entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).exists() and entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).distinct().count() = 1`

This structure is derived from Bundle

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bundle | C | 0..* | Bundle | Contains a collection of resources Constraints: one-patient-only, no-participation-ops
type |  | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | batch | batch-response | history | searchset | collection Fixed Value: batch
Documentation for this format

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
no-participation-ops | error | Bundle | Bundle entries MUST NOT invoke $participate or $hnz-participate. | `entry.request.url.where($this.matches('[$](participate|hnz-participate)')).exists().not()`
one-patient-only | error | Bundle | All Patient references in the bundle are the same (compares full reference strings). | `entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).exists() and entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).distinct().count() = 1`

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bundle | C | 0..* | Bundle | Contains a collection of resources Constraints: bdl-1, bdl-2, bdl-3, bdl-4, bdl-7, bdl-9, bdl-10, bdl-11, bdl-12, one-patient-only, no-participation-ops
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
language |  | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | Persistent identifier for the bundle
type | Σ | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | batch | batch-response | history | searchset | collection Binding: BundleType (required): Indicates the purpose of a bundle - how it is intended to be used. Fixed Value: batch
timestamp | Σ | 0..1 | instant | When the bundle was assembled
total | Σ C | 0..1 | unsignedInt | If search, the total number of matches
link | Σ | 0..* | BackboneElement | Links related to this Bundle
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
relation | Σ | 1..1 | string | See http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml#link-relations-1
url | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Reference details for the link
entry | Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Entry in the bundle - will have a resource or information Constraints: bdl-5, bdl-8 This repeating element order: For bundles of type 'document' and 'message', the first resource is special (must be Composition or MessageHeader respectively). For all bundles, the meaning of the order of entries depends on the bundle type
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
link | Σ | 0..* | See link (Bundle) | Links related to this entry
fullUrl | Σ | 0..1 | uri | URI for resource (Absolute URL server address or URI for UUID/OID)
resource | Σ | 0..1 | Resource | A resource in the bundle
search | Σ C | 0..1 | BackboneElement | Search related information
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
mode | Σ | 0..1 | code | match | include | outcome - why this is in the result set Binding: SearchEntryMode (required): Why an entry is in the result set - whether it's included as a match or because of an _include requirement, or to convey information or warning information about the search process.
score | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | Search ranking (between 0 and 1)
request | Σ C | 0..1 | BackboneElement | Additional execution information (transaction/batch/history)
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
method | Σ | 1..1 | code | GET | HEAD | POST | PUT | DELETE | PATCH Binding: HTTPVerb (required): HTTP verbs (in the HTTP command line). See HTTP rfc for details.
url | Σ | 1..1 | uri | URL for HTTP equivalent of this entry
ifNoneMatch | Σ | 0..1 | string | For managing cache currency
ifModifiedSince | Σ | 0..1 | instant | For managing cache currency
ifMatch | Σ | 0..1 | string | For managing update contention
ifNoneExist | Σ | 0..1 | string | For conditional creates
response | Σ C | 0..1 | BackboneElement | Results of execution (transaction/batch/history)
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
status | Σ | 1..1 | string | Status response code (text optional)
location | Σ | 0..1 | uri | The location (if the operation returns a location)
etag | Σ | 0..1 | string | The Etag for the resource (if relevant)
lastModified | Σ | 0..1 | instant | Server's date time modified
outcome | Σ | 0..1 | Resource | OperationOutcome with hints and warnings (for batch/transaction)
signature | Σ | 0..1 | Signature | Digital Signature
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Bundle.language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Bundle.type | Base | required | BundleType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Bundle.entry.search.​mode | Base | required | SearchEntryMode | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Bundle.entry.request.​method | Base | required | HTTPVerb | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
bdl-1 | error | Bundle | total only when a search or history | `total.empty() or (type = 'searchset') or (type = 'history')`
bdl-2 | error | Bundle | entry.search only when a search | `entry.search.empty() or (type = 'searchset')`
bdl-3 | error | Bundle | entry.request mandatory for batch/transaction/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(request.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch' or %resource.type = 'transaction' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-4 | error | Bundle | entry.response mandatory for batch-response/transaction-response/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(response.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch-response' or %resource.type = 'transaction-response' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-5 | error | Bundle.entry | must be a resource unless there's a request or response | `resource.exists() or request.exists() or response.exists()`
bdl-7 | error | Bundle | FullUrl must be unique in a bundle, or else entries with the same fullUrl must have different meta.versionId (except in history bundles) | `(type = 'history') or entry.where(fullUrl.exists()).select(fullUrl&resource.meta.versionId).isDistinct()`
bdl-8 | error | Bundle.entry | fullUrl cannot be a version specific reference | `fullUrl.contains('/_history/').not()`
bdl-9 | error | Bundle | A document must have an identifier with a system and a value | `type = 'document' implies (identifier.system.exists() and identifier.value.exists())`
bdl-10 | error | Bundle | A document must have a date | `type = 'document' implies (timestamp.hasValue())`
bdl-11 | error | Bundle | A document must have a Composition as the first resource | `type = 'document' implies entry.first().resource.is(Composition)`
bdl-12 | error | Bundle | A message must have a MessageHeader as the first resource | `type = 'message' implies entry.first().resource.is(MessageHeader)`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
no-participation-ops | error | Bundle | Bundle entries MUST NOT invoke $participate or $hnz-participate. | `entry.request.url.where($this.matches('[$](participate|hnz-participate)')).exists().not()`
one-patient-only | error | Bundle | All Patient references in the bundle are the same (compares full reference strings). | `entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).exists() and entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).distinct().count() = 1`

This structure is derived from Bundle

Summary

Fixed: 1 element

Key Elements View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bundle | C | 0..* | Bundle | Contains a collection of resources Constraints: bdl-1, bdl-2, bdl-3, bdl-4, bdl-7, bdl-9, bdl-10, bdl-11, bdl-12, one-patient-only, no-participation-ops
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
type | Σ | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | batch | batch-response | history | searchset | collection Binding: BundleType (required): Indicates the purpose of a bundle - how it is intended to be used. Fixed Value: batch
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Bundle.type | Base | required | BundleType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
bdl-1 | error | Bundle | total only when a search or history | `total.empty() or (type = 'searchset') or (type = 'history')`
bdl-2 | error | Bundle | entry.search only when a search | `entry.search.empty() or (type = 'searchset')`
bdl-3 | error | Bundle | entry.request mandatory for batch/transaction/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(request.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch' or %resource.type = 'transaction' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-4 | error | Bundle | entry.response mandatory for batch-response/transaction-response/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(response.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch-response' or %resource.type = 'transaction-response' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-7 | error | Bundle | FullUrl must be unique in a bundle, or else entries with the same fullUrl must have different meta.versionId (except in history bundles) | `(type = 'history') or entry.where(fullUrl.exists()).select(fullUrl&resource.meta.versionId).isDistinct()`
bdl-9 | error | Bundle | A document must have an identifier with a system and a value | `type = 'document' implies (identifier.system.exists() and identifier.value.exists())`
bdl-10 | error | Bundle | A document must have a date | `type = 'document' implies (timestamp.hasValue())`
bdl-11 | error | Bundle | A document must have a Composition as the first resource | `type = 'document' implies entry.first().resource.is(Composition)`
bdl-12 | error | Bundle | A message must have a MessageHeader as the first resource | `type = 'message' implies entry.first().resource.is(MessageHeader)`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
no-participation-ops | error | Bundle | Bundle entries MUST NOT invoke $participate or $hnz-participate. | `entry.request.url.where($this.matches('[$](participate|hnz-participate)')).exists().not()`
one-patient-only | error | Bundle | All Patient references in the bundle are the same (compares full reference strings). | `entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).exists() and entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).distinct().count() = 1`

Differential View

This structure is derived from Bundle

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bundle | C | 0..* | Bundle | Contains a collection of resources Constraints: one-patient-only, no-participation-ops
type |  | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | batch | batch-response | history | searchset | collection Fixed Value: batch
Documentation for this format

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
no-participation-ops | error | Bundle | Bundle entries MUST NOT invoke $participate or $hnz-participate. | `entry.request.url.where($this.matches('[$](participate|hnz-participate)')).exists().not()`
one-patient-only | error | Bundle | All Patient references in the bundle are the same (compares full reference strings). | `entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).exists() and entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).distinct().count() = 1`

Snapshot View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bundle | C | 0..* | Bundle | Contains a collection of resources Constraints: bdl-1, bdl-2, bdl-3, bdl-4, bdl-7, bdl-9, bdl-10, bdl-11, bdl-12, one-patient-only, no-participation-ops
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
language |  | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | Persistent identifier for the bundle
type | Σ | 1..1 | code | document | message | transaction | transaction-response | batch | batch-response | history | searchset | collection Binding: BundleType (required): Indicates the purpose of a bundle - how it is intended to be used. Fixed Value: batch
timestamp | Σ | 0..1 | instant | When the bundle was assembled
total | Σ C | 0..1 | unsignedInt | If search, the total number of matches
link | Σ | 0..* | BackboneElement | Links related to this Bundle
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
relation | Σ | 1..1 | string | See http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml#link-relations-1
url | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Reference details for the link
entry | Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Entry in the bundle - will have a resource or information Constraints: bdl-5, bdl-8 This repeating element order: For bundles of type 'document' and 'message', the first resource is special (must be Composition or MessageHeader respectively). For all bundles, the meaning of the order of entries depends on the bundle type
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
link | Σ | 0..* | See link (Bundle) | Links related to this entry
fullUrl | Σ | 0..1 | uri | URI for resource (Absolute URL server address or URI for UUID/OID)
resource | Σ | 0..1 | Resource | A resource in the bundle
search | Σ C | 0..1 | BackboneElement | Search related information
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
mode | Σ | 0..1 | code | match | include | outcome - why this is in the result set Binding: SearchEntryMode (required): Why an entry is in the result set - whether it's included as a match or because of an _include requirement, or to convey information or warning information about the search process.
score | Σ | 0..1 | decimal | Search ranking (between 0 and 1)
request | Σ C | 0..1 | BackboneElement | Additional execution information (transaction/batch/history)
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
method | Σ | 1..1 | code | GET | HEAD | POST | PUT | DELETE | PATCH Binding: HTTPVerb (required): HTTP verbs (in the HTTP command line). See HTTP rfc for details.
url | Σ | 1..1 | uri | URL for HTTP equivalent of this entry
ifNoneMatch | Σ | 0..1 | string | For managing cache currency
ifModifiedSince | Σ | 0..1 | instant | For managing cache currency
ifMatch | Σ | 0..1 | string | For managing update contention
ifNoneExist | Σ | 0..1 | string | For conditional creates
response | Σ C | 0..1 | BackboneElement | Results of execution (transaction/batch/history)
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
status | Σ | 1..1 | string | Status response code (text optional)
location | Σ | 0..1 | uri | The location (if the operation returns a location)
etag | Σ | 0..1 | string | The Etag for the resource (if relevant)
lastModified | Σ | 0..1 | instant | Server's date time modified
outcome | Σ | 0..1 | Resource | OperationOutcome with hints and warnings (for batch/transaction)
signature | Σ | 0..1 | Signature | Digital Signature
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Bundle.language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Bundle.type | Base | required | BundleType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Bundle.entry.search.​mode | Base | required | SearchEntryMode | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Bundle.entry.request.​method | Base | required | HTTPVerb | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
bdl-1 | error | Bundle | total only when a search or history | `total.empty() or (type = 'searchset') or (type = 'history')`
bdl-2 | error | Bundle | entry.search only when a search | `entry.search.empty() or (type = 'searchset')`
bdl-3 | error | Bundle | entry.request mandatory for batch/transaction/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(request.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch' or %resource.type = 'transaction' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-4 | error | Bundle | entry.response mandatory for batch-response/transaction-response/history, otherwise prohibited | `entry.all(response.exists() = (%resource.type = 'batch-response' or %resource.type = 'transaction-response' or %resource.type = 'history'))`
bdl-5 | error | Bundle.entry | must be a resource unless there's a request or response | `resource.exists() or request.exists() or response.exists()`
bdl-7 | error | Bundle | FullUrl must be unique in a bundle, or else entries with the same fullUrl must have different meta.versionId (except in history bundles) | `(type = 'history') or entry.where(fullUrl.exists()).select(fullUrl&resource.meta.versionId).isDistinct()`
bdl-8 | error | Bundle.entry | fullUrl cannot be a version specific reference | `fullUrl.contains('/_history/').not()`
bdl-9 | error | Bundle | A document must have an identifier with a system and a value | `type = 'document' implies (identifier.system.exists() and identifier.value.exists())`
bdl-10 | error | Bundle | A document must have a date | `type = 'document' implies (timestamp.hasValue())`
bdl-11 | error | Bundle | A document must have a Composition as the first resource | `type = 'document' implies entry.first().resource.is(Composition)`
bdl-12 | error | Bundle | A message must have a MessageHeader as the first resource | `type = 'message' implies entry.first().resource.is(MessageHeader)`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
no-participation-ops | error | Bundle | Bundle entries MUST NOT invoke $participate or $hnz-participate. | `entry.request.url.where($this.matches('[$](participate|hnz-participate)')).exists().not()`
one-patient-only | error | Bundle | All Patient references in the bundle are the same (compares full reference strings). | `entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).exists() and entry.resource.descendants().where($this is Reference).reference.where(matches('(^|.*/)?Patient/[^/]+$')).distinct().count() = 1`

This structure is derived from Bundle

Summary

Fixed: 1 element

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron