AU Patient Summary Implementation Guide
1.0.0-ci-build - CI Build AU

AU Patient Summary Implementation Guide, published by HL7 Australia. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0-ci-build built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/hl7au/au-fhir-ps/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

## Resource Profile: AU PS Pathology Result Observation

Official URL: http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-diagnosticresult-path | Version: 1.0.0-ci-build
Standards status: Draft | Maturity Level: 1 | Computable Name: AUPSPathologyResult
Copyright/Legal: Used by permission of HL7 International, all rights reserved Creative Commons License. HL7 Australia© 2024+; Licensed Under Creative Commons No Rights Reserved.

This profile sets minimum expectations for an Observation resource that represents a pathology result associated with a patient in the context of a patient summary in an Australian context. It is based on the AU Core Pathology Result Observation profile, and applies the additional requirements from Observation Results - Laboratory/Pathology (IPS).

See Comparison With Other National and International IGs for a comparison between AU Patient Summary (AU PS) profiles and profiles in other implementation guides.

### Profile Specific Implementation Guidance

- See the guidance on implementing the pathology result Observation resource in AU Core.
- When implementing support for specimen information, the conformance expectations of the Specimen (IPS) profile SHALL be met.

1. The additional obligation on `Observation.effectiveDateTime` for AU PS Producer is SHOULD:able-to-populate. This obligation is in addition to the obligation of SHALL:populate-if-known. There is no additional obligation for AU PS Consumer, the obligations of SHALL:handle and SHOULD:display apply. This additional obligation is present in the underlying structure but due to a tooling limitation is not currently rendered in the profile view. See Zulip discussion for more information.

2. There is a current tool limitation that prevents the Observation.specimen element referencing the intended target profile: Specimen (IPS).

Examples for this Profile: Bundle/aups-gpvisit-retrieval and Bundle/aups-referral-endoconsult-autogen

Usages:

- Use this Profile: AU PS Bundle
- Refer to this Profile: AU PS Composition and AU PS Pathology Result Observation

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

### Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Table
- Snapshot Table
- Statistics/References
- All

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | AUCorePathologyResult | A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context This profile also complies with the profile Observation Results - Laboratory/Pathology (IPS) Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, inv-obs-0, au-core-obs-01
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
status | ?!SO Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: Results Status Codes - IPS (required)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for category | SO | 1..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category:lab | SO | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
coding | Σ | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code | Σ | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
category:specificDiscipline | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Additional Bindings | Purpose
RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Haematology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Value Set | Component
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
subject | SO Σ | 1..1 | Reference(AU PS Patient) | Who and/or what the observation is about
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
reference | SO Σ C | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
effective[x] | SO Σ C | 1..1 |  | Time of specimen collection Constraints: au-core-obs-02
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
performer | SO Σ | 1..* | Reference(AU PS Practitioner | AU PS PractitionerRole | AU PS Organization | AU PS Patient | AU PS RelatedPerson) | Who is responsible for the observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | SO Σ C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Actual result Binding: Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS (preferred)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
specimen | SO | 0..1 | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimen used for this observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
referenceRange | SO C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | Low Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
high | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | High Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
type | SO | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
text | SO | 0..1 | string | Text based reference range in an observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
hasMember | SO Σ C | 0..* | Reference(AU PS Pathology Result Observation) | Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
component | SO Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Individual tests in a group or panel Constraints: au-core-obs-03
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS) |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.status | Base | required | Results Status Codes - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:lab | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:specificDiscipline | Base | extensible | Pathology Diagnostic Service Category | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | Base | preferred | Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
au-core-obs-01 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
au-core-obs-02 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day or, if not available, the Data Absent Reason extension shall be present | `(($this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10) and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists().not()) xor ($this is dateTime implies ($this.hasValue().not() and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists()))`
au-core-obs-03 | error | Observation.component | The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
inv-obs-0 | error | Observation | A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists() or hasMember.exists() or component.value.exists() or component.dataAbsentReason.exists()`
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text | `low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`

This structure is derived from AUCorePathologyResult

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation |  | 0..* | AUCorePathologyResult | A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context This profile also complies with the profile Observation Results - Laboratory/Pathology (IPS)
status | O | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: Results Status Codes - IPS (required)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category | O | 1..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for category |  |  |  | Content/Rules for all slices
category:lab | O | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Observation generated by laboratories
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category:specificDiscipline | O | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Specific discipline of pathology
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
code | O | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Pathology test or test group
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
subject | O | 1..1 | Reference(AU PS Patient) | Who and/or what the observation is about
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
reference | SO | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
effective[x] | O | 1..1 |  | Time of specimen collection
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
performer | O | 1..* | Reference(AU PS Practitioner | AU PS PractitionerRole | AU PS Organization | AU PS Patient | AU PS RelatedPerson) | Who is responsible for the observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for value[x] | O | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period | Actual result Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Actual result Binding: Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS (preferred)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
dataAbsentReason | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the result is missing
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation | O | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | High, low, normal, etc.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
specimen | O | 0..1 | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimen used for this observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
referenceRange | O | 0..* | BackboneElement | Provides guide for interpretation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
low | O | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | Low Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
high | O | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | High Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
type | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Reference range qualifier
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
text | O | 0..1 | string | Text based reference range in an observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
hasMember | O | 0..* | Reference(AU PS Pathology Result Observation) | Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
component | O | 0..* | BackboneElement | Individual tests in a group or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
code | O | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Individual pathology test
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x] | O | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS) |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the component result is missing
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.status | Base | required | Results Status Codes - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | Base | preferred | Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | AUCorePathologyResult | A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context This profile also complies with the profile Observation Results - Laboratory/Pathology (IPS) Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, inv-obs-0, au-core-obs-01
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
language |  | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy) | Part of referenced event
status | ?!SO Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: Results Status Codes - IPS (required)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for category | SO | 1..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category:lab | SO | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | Σ | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | Version of the system - if relevant
code | Σ | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Representation defined by the system
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text | Σ | 0..1 | string | Plain text representation of the concept
category:specificDiscipline | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0074
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | Version of the system - if relevant
code | Σ | 0..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Representation defined by the system
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text | Σ | 0..1 | string | Plain text representation of the concept
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Additional Bindings | Purpose
RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Haematology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Value Set | Component
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
subject | SO Σ | 1..1 | Reference(AU PS Patient) | Who and/or what the observation is about
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference | SO Σ C | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
type | Σ | 0..1 | uri | Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Text alternative for the resource
focus | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Encounter) | Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x] | SO Σ C | 1..1 |  | Time of specimen collection Constraints: au-core-obs-02
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
performer | SO Σ | 1..* | Reference(AU PS Practitioner | AU PS PractitionerRole | AU PS Organization | AU PS Patient | AU PS RelatedPerson) | Who is responsible for the observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | SO Σ C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Actual result Binding: Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS (preferred)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
note |  | 0..* | Annotation | Comments about the observation
bodySite |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen | SO | 0..1 | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimen used for this observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
device |  | 0..1 | Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) | (Measurement) Device
referenceRange | SO C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | Low Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
high | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | High Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
type | SO | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
appliesTo |  | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age |  | 0..1 | Range | Applicable age range, if relevant
text | SO | 0..1 | string | Text based reference range in an observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
hasMember | SO Σ C | 0..* | Reference(AU PS Pathology Result Observation) | Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence) | Related measurements the observation is made from
component | SO Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Individual tests in a group or panel Constraints: au-core-obs-03
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS) |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange |  | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.status | Base | required | Results Status Codes - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:lab | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:specificDiscipline | Base | extensible | Pathology Diagnostic Service Category | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.subject.​type | Base | extensible | ResourceType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | Base | preferred | Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite | Base | example | SNOMED CT Body Structures | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.method | Base | example | Observation Methods | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo | Base | example | Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
au-core-obs-01 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
au-core-obs-02 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day or, if not available, the Data Absent Reason extension shall be present | `(($this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10) and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists().not()) xor ($this is dateTime implies ($this.hasValue().not() and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists()))`
au-core-obs-03 | error | Observation.component | The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
inv-obs-0 | error | Observation | A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists() or hasMember.exists() or component.value.exists() or component.dataAbsentReason.exists()`
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text | `low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`

This structure is derived from AUCorePathologyResult

Summary

Mandatory: 2 elements
Must-Support: 1 element

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

- Codeable Concept (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/CodeableConcept-uv-ips)
- AU PS Patient (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-patient)
- AU PS Practitioner (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-practitioner)
- AU PS PractitionerRole (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-practitionerrole)
- AU PS Organization (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-organization)
- AU PS RelatedPerson (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-relatedperson)
- AU PS Pathology Result Observation (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-diagnosticresult-path)

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

- The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.value[x]

Maturity: 1

Key Elements View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | AUCorePathologyResult | A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context This profile also complies with the profile Observation Results - Laboratory/Pathology (IPS) Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, inv-obs-0, au-core-obs-01
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
status | ?!SO Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: Results Status Codes - IPS (required)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for category | SO | 1..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category:lab | SO | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
coding | Σ | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code | Σ | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
category:specificDiscipline | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Additional Bindings | Purpose
RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Haematology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Value Set | Component
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
subject | SO Σ | 1..1 | Reference(AU PS Patient) | Who and/or what the observation is about
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
reference | SO Σ C | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
effective[x] | SO Σ C | 1..1 |  | Time of specimen collection Constraints: au-core-obs-02
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
performer | SO Σ | 1..* | Reference(AU PS Practitioner | AU PS PractitionerRole | AU PS Organization | AU PS Patient | AU PS RelatedPerson) | Who is responsible for the observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | SO Σ C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Actual result Binding: Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS (preferred)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
specimen | SO | 0..1 | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimen used for this observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
referenceRange | SO C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | Low Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
high | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | High Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
type | SO | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
text | SO | 0..1 | string | Text based reference range in an observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
hasMember | SO Σ C | 0..* | Reference(AU PS Pathology Result Observation) | Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
component | SO Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Individual tests in a group or panel Constraints: au-core-obs-03
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS) |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.status | Base | required | Results Status Codes - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:lab | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:specificDiscipline | Base | extensible | Pathology Diagnostic Service Category | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | Base | preferred | Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
au-core-obs-01 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
au-core-obs-02 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day or, if not available, the Data Absent Reason extension shall be present | `(($this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10) and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists().not()) xor ($this is dateTime implies ($this.hasValue().not() and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists()))`
au-core-obs-03 | error | Observation.component | The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
inv-obs-0 | error | Observation | A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists() or hasMember.exists() or component.value.exists() or component.dataAbsentReason.exists()`
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text | `low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`

Differential View

This structure is derived from AUCorePathologyResult

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation |  | 0..* | AUCorePathologyResult | A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context This profile also complies with the profile Observation Results - Laboratory/Pathology (IPS)
status | O | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: Results Status Codes - IPS (required)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category | O | 1..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for category |  |  |  | Content/Rules for all slices
category:lab | O | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Observation generated by laboratories
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category:specificDiscipline | O | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Specific discipline of pathology
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
code | O | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Pathology test or test group
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
subject | O | 1..1 | Reference(AU PS Patient) | Who and/or what the observation is about
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
reference | SO | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
effective[x] | O | 1..1 |  | Time of specimen collection
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
performer | O | 1..* | Reference(AU PS Practitioner | AU PS PractitionerRole | AU PS Organization | AU PS Patient | AU PS RelatedPerson) | Who is responsible for the observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for value[x] | O | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period | Actual result Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Actual result Binding: Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS (preferred)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
dataAbsentReason | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the result is missing
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation | O | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | High, low, normal, etc.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
specimen | O | 0..1 | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimen used for this observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
referenceRange | O | 0..* | BackboneElement | Provides guide for interpretation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
low | O | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | Low Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
high | O | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | High Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
type | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Reference range qualifier
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
text | O | 0..1 | string | Text based reference range in an observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
hasMember | O | 0..* | Reference(AU PS Pathology Result Observation) | Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
component | O | 0..* | BackboneElement | Individual tests in a group or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
code | O | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Individual pathology test
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x] | O | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS) |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | O | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the component result is missing
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.status | Base | required | Results Status Codes - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | Base | preferred | Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0

Snapshot View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | AUCorePathologyResult | A pathology test result in an Australian healthcare context This profile also complies with the profile Observation Results - Laboratory/Pathology (IPS) Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, inv-obs-0, au-core-obs-01
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
language |  | 0..1 | code | Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy) | Part of referenced event
status | ?!SO Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: Results Status Codes - IPS (required)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for category | SO | 1..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Classification of the service requested as laboratory + more specific discipline where available Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.system, value:coding.code Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
category:lab | SO | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Observation generated by laboratories Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | Σ | 1..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | Version of the system - if relevant
code | Σ | 1..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Representation defined by the system
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text | Σ | 0..1 | string | Plain text representation of the concept
category:specificDiscipline | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | Specific discipline of pathology Binding: Pathology Diagnostic Service Category (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | Σ | 0..* | Coding | Code defined by a terminology system
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system | Σ | 1..1 | uri | Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0074
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | Version of the system - if relevant
code | Σ | 0..1 | code | Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Representation defined by the system
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text | Σ | 0..1 | string | Plain text representation of the concept
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Pathology test or test group Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Additional Bindings | Purpose
RCPA - SPIA Chemical Pathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Haematology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Immunopathology Value Set | Component
RCPA - SPIA Microbiology Serology Molecular Pathology Value Set | Component
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
subject | SO Σ | 1..1 | Reference(AU PS Patient) | Who and/or what the observation is about
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
reference | SO Σ C | 1..1 | string | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
type | Σ | 0..1 | uri | Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient") Binding: ResourceType (extensible): Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
identifier | Σ | 0..1 | Identifier | Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | Text alternative for the resource
focus | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Encounter) | Healthcare event during which this observation is made
effective[x] | SO Σ C | 1..1 |  | Time of specimen collection Constraints: au-core-obs-02
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
performer | SO Σ | 1..* | Reference(AU PS Practitioner | AU PS PractitionerRole | AU PS Organization | AU PS Patient | AU PS RelatedPerson) | Who is responsible for the observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
Slices for value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | SO Σ C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Actual result Binding: Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS (preferred)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation | SO | 0..* | CodeableConceptIPS | High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
note |  | 0..* | Annotation | Comments about the observation
bodySite |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | How it was done Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
specimen | SO | 0..1 | Reference(AU Base Specimen) | Specimen used for this observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
device |  | 0..1 | Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) | (Measurement) Device
referenceRange | SO C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Provides guide for interpretation Constraints: obs-3
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | Low Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
high | SO C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) | High Range, if relevant
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
type | SO | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
appliesTo |  | 0..* | CodeableConcept | Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age |  | 0..1 | Range | Applicable age range, if relevant
text | SO | 0..1 | string | Text based reference range in an observation
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
hasMember | SO Σ C | 0..* | Reference(AU PS Pathology Result Observation) | Individual observations in a group, study, or panel
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence) | Related measurements the observation is made from
component | SO Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Individual tests in a group or panel Constraints: au-core-obs-03
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | SO Σ | 1..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Individual pathology test Binding: RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting (extensible)
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
value[x] | SO Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept(CodeableConceptIPS) |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | SO C | 0..1 | CodeableConceptIPS | Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
Obligations | Actor
SHALL:populate-if-known | AU PS Producer
SHALL:handle | AU PS Consumer
SHOULD:display | AU PS Consumer
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange |  | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.status | Base | required | Results Status Codes - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:lab | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:specificDiscipline | Base | extensible | Pathology Diagnostic Service Category | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.subject.​type | Base | extensible | ResourceType | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept | Base | preferred | Results Coded Values Laboratory/Pathology - IPS | 📦2.0.0 | International Patient Summary Implementation Guide v2.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite | Base | example | SNOMED CT Body Structures | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.method | Base | example | Observation Methods | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo | Base | example | Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | RCPA SPIA Pathology Reporting | ⏿1.0.0 | tx.hl7.org.au
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
au-core-obs-01 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then at least value or data absent reason shall be present | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
au-core-obs-02 | error | Observation.effective[x] | Date shall be at least to day or, if not available, the Data Absent Reason extension shall be present | `(($this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10) and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists().not()) xor ($this is dateTime implies ($this.hasValue().not() and extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').value.exists()))`
au-core-obs-03 | error | Observation.component | The component shall at least have a value or a data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
inv-obs-0 | error | Observation | A pathology result shall at least have value or data absent reason or a child observation with a value or data absent reason | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists() or hasMember.exists() or component.value.exists() or component.dataAbsentReason.exists()`
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text | `low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`

This structure is derived from AUCorePathologyResult

Summary

Mandatory: 2 elements
Must-Support: 1 element

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

- Codeable Concept (IPS) (http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/ips/StructureDefinition/CodeableConcept-uv-ips)
- AU PS Patient (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-patient)
- AU PS Practitioner (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-practitioner)
- AU PS PractitionerRole (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-practitionerrole)
- AU PS Organization (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-organization)
- AU PS RelatedPerson (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-relatedperson)
- AU PS Pathology Result Observation (http://hl7.org.au/fhir/ps/StructureDefinition/au-ps-diagnosticresult-path)

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

- The element 1 is sliced based on the value of Observation.value[x]

Maturity: 1

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron