Set of OneAquaHealth indicators including : (a) biological quality (b) hydromorphological quality (c) hydromorphological quality and (d) Biological indicators of health risks

Biological indicators of health risk . These are the indicators that were considered useful to test the links between aquatic ecosystem health and human well-being in the scope of the OneAquaHeath project

Benthic Macroinvertebrates measure: e.g. number of snails in the sample

Diatoms (microalgae/phytobenthos) measures e.g. number of diatoma vulgaris in the sample

Fish related measures perfomed : e.g. number of carps in the sample

Macrophytes (aquatic plants) related measures.

Riparian vegetation related measures.

Microbiomes/Biofilms

The hydromorphological characteristics include the type and diversity of aquatic habitats, substrate of the bottom and margins, flow type, size of the rivers, land use in the margins, existence of barriers, or other artificial structures and land use in the margins. Those characteristics influence the river continuum, the habitats available for the aquatic biota, the species migration and the sediments, water flow and energy transferences over a river basin

Morphology of the streams � habitat, shape of the channel and valley, substrate in the channel and margins

Hydrology of the stream � flow type, diversity of flow types, longitudinal connectivity, runoff

Land use in the margins

The water physical and chemical properties are used for longer time as indicators of quality of water bodies. Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (e.g., nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates) or pollutants such as heavy metals, and emergent contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, plastics, and persistent organic pollutants) indicate alterations of water quality in comparison to natural waters of a given region, and influence their potential to support life and risks for human health.

Nutrients (Nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, total P, total N, �)

pH

Dissolved O2

Water temperature

Total dissolved solids (TDS)

Total suspended solids (TSS)

Conductivity

Pharmaceuticals

Foam/colour/smell

Coliforms

Several organisms present in freshwater ecosystems and margins can be relevant as vectors or disease sinks or have the potential to contribute to the mitigation of diseases by controlling vector populations. These include the invertebrates (insects or ticks), and vertebrates (as birds, amphibians, fish). Mosquitoes and ticks are amongst the most important vectors of disease.

Diptera (specially Culicidae and Psycodidae)

Ticks

Invasive invertebrate, plants and fish

Birds

Diatom teratology (deformities)

Fish

Amphibians

Indices derived from satellite/UAV/airborne reflectance over water or riparian zones.

Index from multispectral reflectance indicating chlorophyll.

index estimating high chlorophyll concentrations/blooms.

Index from blue/NIR; sensitive to aquatic vegetation/high biomass.

Index using blue, red, and NIR; reduces background/atmospheric effects.

EVI without the blue band

Index for assessing vegetation health from NIR and red reflectance.

Modified NDVI

Index from green and NIR; indicates water presence/moisture.

Soil-adjusted VI (unitless; needs L factor in method/notes)

Transformed SAVI (unitless)

Estimates relative leaf water content from spectral bands

Detects vegetation water content using NIR and SWIR

Global index for vegetation monitoring with reduced atmospheric effects

Leaf surface area per ground area (m�/m�)

Green leaf surface area per ground area (m�/m�)

Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation

Modified NDWI improving open water detection in urban areas

NDWI variant enhancing water body separation

Sentinel-2 specific water index

Detects water content in vegetation and soil

Combined vegetation and water index model

Land surface temperature in Kelvin or Celsius

Extracts built-up land features from spectral data

Band ratio index for built-up area detection

Normalized index for built-up area identification

Built-up detection using multi-index combination

Enhances contrast between built-up and bare areas

Measures impervious surface presence

Differentiates urban from vegetation areas

Combines vegetation and built-up indices for urban analysis

Set of OneAquaHealth indicators including : (a) biological quality (b) hydromorphological quality (c) hydromorphological quality and (d) Biological indicators of health risks

Biological indicators of health risk . These are the indicators that were considered useful to test the links between aquatic ecosystem health and human well-being in the scope of the OneAquaHeath project

Benthic Macroinvertebrates measure: e.g. number of snails in the sample

Diatoms (microalgae/phytobenthos) measures e.g. number of diatoma vulgaris in the sample

Fish related measures perfomed : e.g. number of carps in the sample

Macrophytes (aquatic plants) related measures.

Riparian vegetation related measures.

Microbiomes/Biofilms

The hydromorphological characteristics include the type and diversity of aquatic habitats, substrate of the bottom and margins, flow type, size of the rivers, land use in the margins, existence of barriers, or other artificial structures and land use in the margins. Those characteristics influence the river continuum, the habitats available for the aquatic biota, the species migration and the sediments, water flow and energy transferences over a river basin

Morphology of the streams � habitat, shape of the channel and valley, substrate in the channel and margins

Hydrology of the stream � flow type, diversity of flow types, longitudinal connectivity, runoff

Land use in the margins

The water physical and chemical properties are used for longer time as indicators of quality of water bodies. Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (e.g., nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates) or pollutants such as heavy metals, and emergent contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, plastics, and persistent organic pollutants) indicate alterations of water quality in comparison to natural waters of a given region, and influence their potential to support life and risks for human health.

Nutrients (Nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, total P, total N, �)

pH

Dissolved O2

Water temperature

Total dissolved solids (TDS)

Total suspended solids (TSS)

Conductivity

Pharmaceuticals

Foam/colour/smell

Coliforms

Several organisms present in freshwater ecosystems and margins can be relevant as vectors or disease sinks or have the potential to contribute to the mitigation of diseases by controlling vector populations. These include the invertebrates (insects or ticks), and vertebrates (as birds, amphibians, fish). Mosquitoes and ticks are amongst the most important vectors of disease.

Diptera (specially Culicidae and Psycodidae)

Ticks

Invasive invertebrate, plants and fish

Birds

Diatom teratology (deformities)

Fish

Amphibians

Indices derived from satellite/UAV/airborne reflectance over water or riparian zones.

Index from multispectral reflectance indicating chlorophyll.

index estimating high chlorophyll concentrations/blooms.

Index from blue/NIR; sensitive to aquatic vegetation/high biomass.

Index using blue, red, and NIR; reduces background/atmospheric effects.

EVI without the blue band

Index for assessing vegetation health from NIR and red reflectance.

Modified NDVI

Index from green and NIR; indicates water presence/moisture.

Soil-adjusted VI (unitless; needs L factor in method/notes)

Transformed SAVI (unitless)

Estimates relative leaf water content from spectral bands

Detects vegetation water content using NIR and SWIR

Global index for vegetation monitoring with reduced atmospheric effects

Leaf surface area per ground area (m�/m�)

Green leaf surface area per ground area (m�/m�)

Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation

Modified NDWI improving open water detection in urban areas

NDWI variant enhancing water body separation

Sentinel-2 specific water index

Detects water content in vegetation and soil

Combined vegetation and water index model

Land surface temperature in Kelvin or Celsius

Extracts built-up land features from spectral data

Band ratio index for built-up area detection

Normalized index for built-up area identification

Built-up detection using multi-index combination

Enhances contrast between built-up and bare areas

Measures impervious surface presence

Differentiates urban from vegetation areas

Combines vegetation and built-up indices for urban analysis

Set of OneAquaHealth indicators including : (a) biological quality (b) hydromorphological quality (c) hydromorphological quality and (d) Biological indicators of health risks

Biological indicators of health risk . These are the indicators that were considered useful to test the links between aquatic ecosystem health and human well-being in the scope of the OneAquaHeath project

Benthic Macroinvertebrates measure: e.g. number of snails in the sample

Diatoms (microalgae/phytobenthos) measures e.g. number of diatoma vulgaris in the sample

Fish related measures perfomed : e.g. number of carps in the sample

Macrophytes (aquatic plants) related measures.

Riparian vegetation related measures.

Microbiomes/Biofilms

The hydromorphological characteristics include the type and diversity of aquatic habitats, substrate of the bottom and margins, flow type, size of the rivers, land use in the margins, existence of barriers, or other artificial structures and land use in the margins. Those characteristics influence the river continuum, the habitats available for the aquatic biota, the species migration and the sediments, water flow and energy transferences over a river basin

Morphology of the streams � habitat, shape of the channel and valley, substrate in the channel and margins

Hydrology of the stream � flow type, diversity of flow types, longitudinal connectivity, runoff

Land use in the margins

The water physical and chemical properties are used for longer time as indicators of quality of water bodies. Measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (e.g., nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates) or pollutants such as heavy metals, and emergent contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, plastics, and persistent organic pollutants) indicate alterations of water quality in comparison to natural waters of a given region, and influence their potential to support life and risks for human health.

Nutrients (Nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, total P, total N, �)

pH

Dissolved O2

Water temperature

Total dissolved solids (TDS)

Total suspended solids (TSS)

Conductivity

Pharmaceuticals

Foam/colour/smell

Coliforms

Several organisms present in freshwater ecosystems and margins can be relevant as vectors or disease sinks or have the potential to contribute to the mitigation of diseases by controlling vector populations. These include the invertebrates (insects or ticks), and vertebrates (as birds, amphibians, fish). Mosquitoes and ticks are amongst the most important vectors of disease.

Diptera (specially Culicidae and Psycodidae)

Ticks

Invasive invertebrate, plants and fish

Birds

Diatom teratology (deformities)

Fish

Amphibians

Indices derived from satellite/UAV/airborne reflectance over water or riparian zones.

Index from multispectral reflectance indicating chlorophyll.

index estimating high chlorophyll concentrations/blooms.

Index from blue/NIR; sensitive to aquatic vegetation/high biomass.

Index using blue, red, and NIR; reduces background/atmospheric effects.

EVI without the blue band

Index for assessing vegetation health from NIR and red reflectance.

Modified NDVI

Index from green and NIR; indicates water presence/moisture.

Soil-adjusted VI (unitless; needs L factor in method/notes)

Transformed SAVI (unitless)

Estimates relative leaf water content from spectral bands

Detects vegetation water content using NIR and SWIR

Global index for vegetation monitoring with reduced atmospheric effects

Leaf surface area per ground area (m�/m�)

Green leaf surface area per ground area (m�/m�)

Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation

Modified NDWI improving open water detection in urban areas

NDWI variant enhancing water body separation

Sentinel-2 specific water index

Detects water content in vegetation and soil

Combined vegetation and water index model

Land surface temperature in Kelvin or Celsius

Extracts built-up land features from spectral data

Band ratio index for built-up area detection

Normalized index for built-up area identification

Built-up detection using multi-index combination

Enhances contrast between built-up and bare areas

Measures impervious surface presence

Differentiates urban from vegetation areas

Combines vegetation and built-up indices for urban analysis