HL7 Europe Base and Core FHIR IG
0.1.0-ballotRecon - ci-build 150

HL7 Europe Base and Core FHIR IG, published by HL7 Europe. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0-ballotRecon built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/hl7-eu/base-r5/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: PatientEuCore - Detailed Descriptions

Page standards status: Draft Maturity Level: 2

Definitions for the patient-eu-core resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Patient
Definition

Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Must Supportfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().ofType(canonical) | %resource.descendants().ofType(uri) | %resource.descendants().ofType(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
2. Patient.implicitRules
Definition

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
Comments

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of its narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

Control0..1
Typeuri
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies its meaning or interpretation
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Supportfalse
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
4. Patient.contained
Definition

These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, nor can they have their own independent transaction scope. This is allowed to be a Parameters resource if and only if it is referenced by a resource that provides context/meaning.

ShortContained, inline Resources
Comments

This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags in their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

Control0..*
This element is affected by the following invariants: dom-2, dom-4, dom-3, dom-5
TypeResource
Is Modifierfalse
Must Supportfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
6. Patient.extension:birthPlace
Slice NamebirthPlace
Definition

The registered place of birth of the patient. A sytem may use the address.text if they don't store the birthPlace address in discrete elements.

ShortPlace of Birth for patient
Control0..1
TypeExtension(Patient Birth Place) (Extension Type: Address)
Is Modifierfalse
Must Supportfalse
Summaryfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
8. Patient.extension:birthPlace.extension
Definition

An Extension


May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..0*
TypeExtension
Is Modifierfalse
Summaryfalse
Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 10. Patient.extension:birthPlace.url
    Definition

    Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

    Shortidentifies the meaning of the extension
    Comments

    The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

    Control1..1
    Typeuri
    Is Modifierfalse
    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
    Summaryfalse
    Fixed Valuehttp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthPlace
    12. Patient.extension:birthPlace.value[x]
    Definition

    Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

    ShortValue of extension
    Control10..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ext-1
    TypeAddress(Address (EU)), date, Meta, Attachment, integer, Count, DataRequirement, Dosage, uuid, Identifier, RatioRange, Coding, SampledData, id, positiveInt, Distance, Availability, integer64, Period, Duration, canonical, Range, RelatedArtifact, base64Binary, UsageContext, Timing, decimal, ExtendedContactDetail, CodeableConcept, ParameterDefinition, dateTime, code, string, oid, instant, ContactPoint, HumanName, Money, markdown, Ratio, Age, Reference, TriggerDefinition, Quantity, uri, url, Annotation, ContactDetail, boolean, Expression, CodeableReference, Signature, unsignedInt, time
    [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    14. Patient.extension:sex-for-clinical-use
    Slice Namesex-for-clinical-use
    Definition

    A parameter that provides guidance on how a recipient should apply settings or reference ranges that are derived from observable information such as an organ inventory, recent hormone lab tests, genetic testing, menstrual status, obstetric history, etc..

    ShortSex for clinical use
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(Patient Sex Parameter For Clinical Use) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    16. Patient.extension:gender-identity
    Slice Namegender-identity
    Definition

    An individual's personal sense of being a man, woman, boy, girl, nonbinary, or something else.

    ShortGender identity
    Comments

    This represents an individual’s identity, ascertained by asking them what that identity is.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(Individual Gender Identity) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    18. Patient.extension:pronouns
    Slice Namepronouns
    Definition

    The pronouns to use when referring to an individual in verbal or written communication.

    ShortPronouns
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(Individual Pronouns) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    20. Patient.extension:patient-citizenship
    Slice Namepatient-citizenship
    Definition

    The patient's legal status as citizen of a country.

    ShortCitizenship
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(Patient Citizenship) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    22. Patient.extension:patient-nationality
    Slice Namepatient-nationality
    Definition

    The nationality of the patient.

    ShortNationality
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension(Patient Nationality) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    24. Patient.extension:birthTime
    Slice NamebirthTime
    Definition

    The time of day that the Patient/Person/RelatedPerson/Practitioner was born. This includes the date to ensure that the timezone information can be communicated effectively.

    ShortBirth time
    Comments

    The patient prefix on the extension was retained to ensure backward compatibility with existing data (the content itself is provided to assist in sharing data across patient resources effectively)

    Control0..1
    TypeExtension(Patient/Person/RelatedPerson/Practitioner Birth Time) (Extension Type: dateTime)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    26. Patient.modifierExtension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    28. Patient.active
    Definition

    Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

    It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

    Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

    ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
    Comments

    If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

    Control0..1
    Typeboolean
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

    Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    30. Patient.name
    Definition

    A name associated with the individual.

    ShortA name associated with the patient
    Comments

    A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns. Animal names may be communicated as given names, and optionally may include a family name.

    Control10..*
    TypeHumanName
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. The Alphabetic representation of the name SHALL be always provided


    Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    eu-pat-1: given, family, text or a data-absent-reason extension SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
    32. Patient.name.use
    Definition

    Identifies the purpose for this name.

    Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
    Comments

    Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

    Control0..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|5.0.0
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|5.0.0)

    The use of a human name.

    Typecode
    Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    34. Patient.birthDate
    Definition

    The date of birth for the individual.

    ShortThe date of birth for the patientThe date of birth for the individual
    Comments

    Partial dates are allowed if the specific date of birth is unknown. There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

    Control10..1
    Typedate
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    LOINC Code21112-8
    36. Patient.deceased[x]
    Definition

    Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

    ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
    Comments

    If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

    Control0..1
    TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
    [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    38. Patient.link
    Definition

    Link to a Patient or RelatedPerson resource that concerns the same actual individual.

    ShortLink to a Patient or RelatedPerson resource that concerns the same actual individual
    Comments

    There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

    Control0..*
    TypeBackboneElement
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    There are multiple use cases:

    • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
    • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    40. Patient.link.modifierExtension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

    Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    42. Patient.link.other
    Definition

    Link to a Patient or RelatedPerson resource that concerns the same actual individual.

    ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
    Comments

    Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

    Control1..1
    TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    44. Patient.link.type
    Definition

    The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

    Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
    Control1..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|5.0.0
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|5.0.0)

    The type of link between this patient resource and another Patient resource, or Patient/RelatedPerson when using the seealso code

    Typecode
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

    Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

    0. Patient
    2. Patient.name
    Control1..?
    Invariantseu-pat-1: given, family, text or a data-absent-reason extension SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
    4. Patient.birthDate
    Control1..?
    LOINC Code

    Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

    0. Patient
    Definition

    Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

    ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
    Control0..*
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
    Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
    dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().ofType(canonical) | %resource.descendants().ofType(uri) | %resource.descendants().ofType(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
    dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
    dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
    dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
    2. Patient.id
    Definition

    The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

    ShortLogical id of this artifact
    Comments

    Within the context of the FHIR RESTful interactions, the resource has an id except for cases like the create and conditional update. Otherwise, the use of the resouce id depends on the given use case.

    Control0..1
    Typeid
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    4. Patient.meta
    Definition

    The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

    ShortMetadata about the resource
    Control0..1
    TypeMeta
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    6. Patient.implicitRules
    Definition

    A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

    ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
    Comments

    Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of its narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

    Control0..1
    Typeuri
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies its meaning or interpretation
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supportfalse
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    8. Patient.language
    Definition

    The base language in which the resource is written.

    ShortLanguage of the resource content
    Comments

    Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

    Control0..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AllLanguages
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages|5.0.0)

    IETF language tag for a human language

    Typecode
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Must Supportfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    10. Patient.text
    Definition

    A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

    ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
    Comments

    Contained resources do not have a narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: dom-6
    TypeNarrative
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    12. Patient.contained
    Definition

    These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, nor can they have their own independent transaction scope. This is allowed to be a Parameters resource if and only if it is referenced by a resource that provides context/meaning.

    ShortContained, inline Resources
    Comments

    This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags in their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

    Control0..*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: dom-2, dom-4, dom-3, dom-5
    TypeResource
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
    14. Patient.extension
    Definition

    An Extension

    ShortExtension
    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ url
    • 16. Patient.extension:birthPlace
      Slice NamebirthPlace
      Definition

      The registered place of birth of the patient. A sytem may use the address.text if they don't store the birthPlace address in discrete elements.

      ShortPlace of Birth for patient
      Control0..1
      TypeExtension(Patient Birth Place) (Extension Type: Address)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supportfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      18. Patient.extension:birthPlace.id
      Definition

      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
      Control0..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      Typeid
      Is Modifierfalse
      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
      Summaryfalse
      20. Patient.extension:birthPlace.extension
      Definition

      An Extension

      ShortExtension
      Control0..0
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 22. Patient.extension:birthPlace.url
        Definition

        Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

        Shortidentifies the meaning of the extension
        Comments

        The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

        Control1..1
        Typeuri
        Is Modifierfalse
        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
        Summaryfalse
        Fixed Valuehttp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/patient-birthPlace
        24. Patient.extension:birthPlace.value[x]
        Definition

        Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

        ShortValue of extension
        Control1..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ext-1
        TypeAddress(Address (EU))
        [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        26. Patient.extension:sex-for-clinical-use
        Slice Namesex-for-clinical-use
        Definition

        A parameter that provides guidance on how a recipient should apply settings or reference ranges that are derived from observable information such as an organ inventory, recent hormone lab tests, genetic testing, menstrual status, obstetric history, etc..

        ShortSex for clinical use
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension(Patient Sex Parameter For Clinical Use) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        28. Patient.extension:gender-identity
        Slice Namegender-identity
        Definition

        An individual's personal sense of being a man, woman, boy, girl, nonbinary, or something else.

        ShortGender identity
        Comments

        This represents an individual’s identity, ascertained by asking them what that identity is.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension(Individual Gender Identity) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        30. Patient.extension:pronouns
        Slice Namepronouns
        Definition

        The pronouns to use when referring to an individual in verbal or written communication.

        ShortPronouns
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension(Individual Pronouns) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        32. Patient.extension:patient-citizenship
        Slice Namepatient-citizenship
        Definition

        The patient's legal status as citizen of a country.

        ShortCitizenship
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension(Patient Citizenship) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        34. Patient.extension:patient-nationality
        Slice Namepatient-nationality
        Definition

        The nationality of the patient.

        ShortNationality
        Control0..*
        TypeExtension(Patient Nationality) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        36. Patient.extension:birthTime
        Slice NamebirthTime
        Definition

        The time of day that the Patient/Person/RelatedPerson/Practitioner was born. This includes the date to ensure that the timezone information can be communicated effectively.

        ShortBirth time
        Comments

        The patient prefix on the extension was retained to ensure backward compatibility with existing data (the content itself is provided to assist in sharing data across patient resources effectively)

        Control0..1
        TypeExtension(Patient/Person/RelatedPerson/Practitioner Birth Time) (Extension Type: dateTime)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        38. Patient.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
        Must Supportfalse
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        40. Patient.identifier
        Definition

        An identifier for this patient.

        ShortPatient identifiers
        NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
        Control0..*
        TypeIdentifier
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        42. Patient.active
        Definition

        Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

        It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

        Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

        ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
        Comments

        If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

        Control0..1
        Typeboolean
        Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Must Supportfalse
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

        Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        44. Patient.name
        Definition

        A name associated with the individual.

        ShortA name associated with the patient
        Comments

        A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns. Animal names may be communicated as given names, and optionally may include a family name.

        Control1..*
        TypeHumanName
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. The Alphabetic representation of the name SHALL be always provided

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        eu-pat-1: given, family, text or a data-absent-reason extension SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists() or extension('http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
        46. Patient.name.id
        Definition

        Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

        ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
        Control0..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        Typeid
        Is Modifierfalse
        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
        Summaryfalse
        48. Patient.name.extension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

        ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 50. Patient.name.use
          Definition

          Identifies the purpose for this name.

          Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
          Comments

          Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUse
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|5.0.0)

          The use of a human name.

          Typecode
          Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          52. Patient.name.text
          Definition

          Text representation of the full name. Due to the cultural variance around the world a consuming system may not know how to present the name correctly; moreover not all the parts of the name go in given or family. Creators are therefore strongly encouraged to provide through this element a presented version of the name. Future versions of this guide may require this element.

          ShortText representation of the full name.
          Comments

          Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          A renderable, unencoded form.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          54. Patient.name.family
          Definition

          Family name. When more the family is composed by more than one names, this element documents the full composed family name with the proper * name.familyrder. The parts are recorded in the fhater and mother family names extensions.

          ShortFamily name.
          Comments

          Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate Namessurname
          Examplespanish: Valero Iglesias
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          56. Patient.name.given
          Definition

          Given name.

          ShortGiven names. Includes middle names
          Comments

          If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

          Control0..*
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          58. Patient.name.prefix
          Definition

          Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the start of the name.

          ShortParts that come before the name
          Control0..*
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          60. Patient.name.suffix
          Definition

          Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the end of the name.

          ShortParts that come after the name
          Control0..*
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          62. Patient.name.period
          Definition

          Indicates the period of time when this name was valid for the named person.

          ShortTime period when name was/is in use
          Control0..1
          TypePeriod
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows names to be placed in historical context.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          64. Patient.telecom
          Definition

          A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

          ShortA contact detail for the patient
          Comments

          A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

          Control0..*
          TypeContactPoint
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          66. Patient.gender
          Definition

          Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

          ShortAdministrative Gender
          Comments

          The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|5.0.0)

          The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

          Typecode
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          68. Patient.birthDate
          Definition

          The date of birth for the individual.

          ShortThe date of birth for the patient
          Comments

          Partial dates are allowed if the specific date of birth is unknown. There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

          Control1..1
          Typedate
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          LOINC Code21112-8
          70. Patient.deceased[x]
          Definition

          Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

          ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
          Comments

          If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

          Control0..1
          TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
          [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          72. Patient.address
          Definition

          An address for the individual.

          ShortAn address for the individual
          Comments

          Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

          Control0..*
          TypeAddress(Address (EU))
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          74. Patient.maritalStatus
          Definition

          This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

          ShortMarital status
          Control0..1
          BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from MaritalStatusCodes
          (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/marital-status)

          The domestic partnership status of a person.

          TypeCodeableConcept
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Most, if not all systems capture it.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          76. Patient.multipleBirth[x]
          Definition

          Indicates whether the patient is part of a multiple (boolean) or indicates the actual birth order (integer).

          ShortWhether patient is part of a multiple birth
          Comments

          Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated).

          Control0..1
          TypeChoice of: boolean, integer
          [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          78. Patient.photo
          Definition

          Image of the patient.

          ShortImage of the patient
          Comments

          Guidelines:

          • Use id photos, not clinical photos.
          • Limit dimensions to thumbnail.
          • Keep byte count low to ease resource updates.
          Control0..*
          TypeAttachment
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          80. Patient.contact
          Definition

          A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

          ShortA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
          Comments

          Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
          82. Patient.contact.id
          Definition

          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          84. Patient.contact.extension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          86. Patient.contact.modifierExtension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          88. Patient.contact.relationship
          Definition

          The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

          ShortContact relationship
          Control0..*
          BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
          (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

          The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

          TypeCodeableConcept
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          90. Patient.contact.name
          Definition

          A name associated with the contact person.

          ShortContact name
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
          TypeHumanName
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          92. Patient.contact.telecom
          Definition

          A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

          ShortContact details for the person
          Comments

          Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

          Control0..*
          This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
          TypeContactPoint
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          94. Patient.contact.address
          Definition

          Address for the contact person.

          ShortContact person address
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
          TypeAddress(Address (EU))
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          96. Patient.contact.gender
          Definition

          Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

          Shortmale | female | other | unknown
          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|5.0.0)

          The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

          Typecode
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Needed to address the person correctly.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          98. Patient.contact.organization
          Definition

          Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

          ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
          TypeReference(Organization)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          100. Patient.contact.period
          Definition

          The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

          ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
          Control0..1
          TypePeriod
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          102. Patient.communication
          Definition

          A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

          ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
          Comments

          If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          104. Patient.communication.id
          Definition

          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          106. Patient.communication.extension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          108. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          110. Patient.communication.language
          Definition

          The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-AU" for Australian English.

          ShortCommunication language
          Comments

          The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

          Control1..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AllLanguages
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages|5.0.0)

          IETF language tag for a human language

          TypeCodeableConcept
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          112. Patient.communication.preferred
          Definition

          Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

          ShortLanguage preference indicator
          Comments

          This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

          Control0..1
          Typeboolean
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          114. Patient.generalPractitioner
          Definition

          Patient's nominated care provider.

          ShortPatient's nominated primary care provider.
          Comments

          This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

          Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

          Control0..*
          TypeReference(Organization (EU base), PractitionerRole (EU base), Practitioner (EU base))
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate NamescareProvider
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          116. Patient.managingOrganization
          Definition

          Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

          ShortOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record
          Comments

          There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association).

          Control0..1
          TypeReference(Organization)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          118. Patient.link
          Definition

          Link to a Patient or RelatedPerson resource that concerns the same actual individual.

          ShortLink to a Patient or RelatedPerson resource that concerns the same actual individual
          Comments

          There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          There are multiple use cases:

          • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
          • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          120. Patient.link.id
          Definition

          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
          Control0..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          122. Patient.link.extension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          124. Patient.link.modifierExtension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and managable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          126. Patient.link.other
          Definition

          Link to a Patient or RelatedPerson resource that concerns the same actual individual.

          ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
          Comments

          Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

          Control1..1
          TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          128. Patient.link.type
          Definition

          The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

          Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
          Control1..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkType
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|5.0.0)

          The type of link between this patient resource and another Patient resource, or Patient/RelatedPerson when using the seealso code

          Typecode
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supportfalse
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))