Medication
1.1.0 - STU

Medication, published by eHealth Platform. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/hl7-be/medication/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

## Data Type Profile: BeDosage - Detailed Descriptions

Active as of 2025-10-10

Definitions for the BeDosage data type profile.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Elements Table
- Snapshot Elements Table

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Dosage
Definition | Indicates how the medication is/was taken or should be taken by the patient.
Short | How the medication is/was taken or should be taken
Control | 0..*
Is Modifier | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
2. Dosage.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summary | true
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content, modifiers
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
4. Dosage.text
Definition | Free text dosage instructions e.g. SIG.
Short | Free text dosage instructions e.g. SIG
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | Free text dosage instructions can be used for cases where the instructions are too complex to code. The content of this attribute does not include the name or description of the medication. When coded instructions are present, the free text instructions may still be present for display to humans taking or administering the medication. It is expected that the text instructions will always be populated. If the dosage.timing attribute is also populated, then the dosage.text should reflect the same information as the timing. Additional information about administration or preparation of the medication should be included as text.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
6. Dosage.patientInstruction
Definition | Instructions in terms that are understood by the patient or consumer.
Short | Patient or consumer oriented instructions
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
8. Dosage.timing
Definition | When medication should be administered.
Short | When medication should be administered
Comments | This attribute might not always be populated while the Dosage.text is expected to be populated. If both are populated, then the Dosage.text should reflect the content of the Dosage.timing.
Control | 0..1
Type | Timing
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | The timing schedule for giving the medication to the patient. This data type allows many different expressions. For example: "Every 8 hours"; "Three times a day"; "1/2 an hour before breakfast for 10 days from 23-Dec 2011:"; "15 Oct 2013, 17 Oct 2013 and 1 Nov 2013". Sometimes, a rate can imply duration when expressed as total volume / duration (e.g. 500mL/2 hours implies a duration of 2 hours). However, when rate doesn't imply duration (e.g. 250mL/hour), then the timing.repeat.duration is needed to convey the infuse over time period.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
10. Dosage.timing.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summary | true
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content, modifiers
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
12. Dosage.timing.event
Definition | Identifies specific times when the event occurs.
Short | When the event occurs
Control | 0..*
Type | dateTime
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | In a Medication Administration Record, for instance, you need to take a general specification, and turn it into a precise specification.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
14. Dosage.timing.code
Definition | A code for the timing schedule (or just text in code.text). Some codes such as BID are ubiquitous, but many institutions define their own additional codes. If a code is provided, the code is understood to be a complete statement of whatever is specified in the structured timing data, and either the code or the data may be used to interpret the Timing, with the exception that .repeat.bounds still applies over the code (and is not contained in the code).
Short | BID | TID | QID | AM | PM | QD | QOD | +
Comments | BID etc. are defined as 'at institutionally specified times'. For example, an institution may choose that BID is "always at 7am and 6pm". If it is inappropriate for this choice to be made, the code BID should not be used. Instead, a distinct organization-specific code should be used in place of the HL7-defined BID code and/or a structured representation should be used (in this case, specifying the two event times).
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHOULD be taken from TimingAbbreviation http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/timing-abbreviation|4.0.1 (preferred to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/timing-abbreviation|4.0.1` ) Code for a known / defined timing pattern.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
16. Dosage.route
Definition | How drug should enter body.
Short | How drug should enter body
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from For example codes, see Route of Administration ValueSet http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/route-codes|4.0.1 (required to `https://www.ehealth.fgov.be/standards/fhir/terminology/ValueSet/BeRouteOfAdministrationVS` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | A code specifying the route or physiological path of administration of a therapeutic agent into or onto a patient's body.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
18. Dosage.doseAndRate
Definition | The amount of medication administered.
Short | Amount of medication administered
Control | 0..*
Type | Element
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
20. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]
Definition | Amount of medication per dose.
Short | Amount of medication per dose
Comments | Note that this specifies the quantity of the specified medication, not the quantity for each active ingredient(s). Each ingredient amount can be communicated in the Medication resource. For example, if one wants to communicate that a tablet was 375 mg, where the dose was one tablet, you can use the Medication resource to document that the tablet was comprised of 375 mg of drug XYZ. Alternatively if the dose was 375 mg, then you may only need to use the Medication resource to indicate this was a tablet. If the example were an IV such as dopamine and you wanted to communicate that 400mg of dopamine was mixed in 500 ml of some IV solution, then this would all be communicated in the Medication resource. If the administration is not intended to be instantaneous (rate is present or timing has a duration), this can be specified to convey the total amount to be administered over the period of time as indicated by the schedule e.g. 500 ml in dose, with timing used to convey that this should be done over 4 hours.
Control | 0..1
Type | Choice of: Range, Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | The amount of therapeutic or other substance given at one administration event.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]`. The slices areUnordered and Closed, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: type @ $this
22. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]:doseRange
Slice Name | doseRange
Definition | Amount of medication per dose.
Short | Amount of medication per dose
Comments | Note that this specifies the quantity of the specified medication, not the quantity for each active ingredient(s). Each ingredient amount can be communicated in the Medication resource. For example, if one wants to communicate that a tablet was 375 mg, where the dose was one tablet, you can use the Medication resource to document that the tablet was comprised of 375 mg of drug XYZ. Alternatively if the dose was 375 mg, then you may only need to use the Medication resource to indicate this was a tablet. If the example were an IV such as dopamine and you wanted to communicate that 400mg of dopamine was mixed in 500 ml of some IV solution, then this would all be communicated in the Medication resource. If the administration is not intended to be instantaneous (rate is present or timing has a duration), this can be specified to convey the total amount to be administered over the period of time as indicated by the schedule e.g. 500 ml in dose, with timing used to convey that this should be done over 4 hours.
Control | 0..1
Type | Range, Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | The amount of therapeutic or other substance given at one administration event.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
24. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]:doseQuantity
Slice Name | doseQuantity
Definition | Amount of medication per dose.
Short | Amount of medication per dose
Comments | Note that this specifies the quantity of the specified medication, not the quantity for each active ingredient(s). Each ingredient amount can be communicated in the Medication resource. For example, if one wants to communicate that a tablet was 375 mg, where the dose was one tablet, you can use the Medication resource to document that the tablet was comprised of 375 mg of drug XYZ. Alternatively if the dose was 375 mg, then you may only need to use the Medication resource to indicate this was a tablet. If the example were an IV such as dopamine and you wanted to communicate that 400mg of dopamine was mixed in 500 ml of some IV solution, then this would all be communicated in the Medication resource. If the administration is not intended to be instantaneous (rate is present or timing has a duration), this can be specified to convey the total amount to be administered over the period of time as indicated by the schedule e.g. 500 ml in dose, with timing used to convey that this should be done over 4 hours.
Control | 0..1
Type | Quantity(SimpleQuantity, SimpleQuantity), Range
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | The amount of therapeutic or other substance given at one administration event.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Dosage
2. Dosage.text
Must Support | true
4. Dosage.patientInstruction
Must Support | true
6. Dosage.timing
8. Dosage.timing.event
Must Support | true
10. Dosage.timing.code
Must Support | true
12. Dosage.route
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from Route of Administration ValueSet (required to `https://www.ehealth.fgov.be/standards/fhir/terminology/ValueSet/BeRouteOfAdministrationVS` )
14. Dosage.doseAndRate
16. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: type @ $this
18. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]:doseRange
Slice Name | doseRange
Control | 0..1
Type | Range
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Must Support | true
20. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]:doseQuantity
Slice Name | doseQuantity
Control | 0..1
Type | Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Must Support | true

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Dosage
Definition | Indicates how the medication is/was taken or should be taken by the patient.
Short | How the medication is/was taken or should be taken
Control | 0..*
Is Modifier | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
2. Dosage.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
4. Dosage.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Dosage.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
6. Dosage.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summary | true
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content, modifiers
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
8. Dosage.sequence
Definition | Indicates the order in which the dosage instructions should be applied or interpreted.
Short | The order of the dosage instructions
Control | 0..1
Type | integer
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | If the sequence number of multiple Dosages is the same, then it is implied that the instructions are to be treated as concurrent. If the sequence number is different, then the Dosages are intended to be sequential.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
10. Dosage.text
Definition | Free text dosage instructions e.g. SIG.
Short | Free text dosage instructions e.g. SIG
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | Free text dosage instructions can be used for cases where the instructions are too complex to code. The content of this attribute does not include the name or description of the medication. When coded instructions are present, the free text instructions may still be present for display to humans taking or administering the medication. It is expected that the text instructions will always be populated. If the dosage.timing attribute is also populated, then the dosage.text should reflect the same information as the timing. Additional information about administration or preparation of the medication should be included as text.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
12. Dosage.additionalInstruction
Definition | Supplemental instructions to the patient on how to take the medication (e.g. "with meals" or"take half to one hour before food") or warnings for the patient about the medication (e.g. "may cause drowsiness" or "avoid exposure of skin to direct sunlight or sunlamps").
Short | Supplemental instruction or warnings to the patient - e.g. "with meals", "may cause drowsiness"
Comments | Information about administration or preparation of the medication (e.g. "infuse as rapidly as possibly via intraperitoneal port" or "immediately following drug x") should be populated in dosage.text.
Control | 0..*
Binding | For example codes, see SNOMEDCTAdditionalDosageInstructions (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/additional-instruction-codes|4.0.1` ) A coded concept identifying additional instructions such as "take with water" or "avoid operating heavy machinery".
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | Additional instruction is intended to be coded, but where no code exists, the element could include text. For example, "Swallow with plenty of water" which might or might not be coded.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
14. Dosage.patientInstruction
Definition | Instructions in terms that are understood by the patient or consumer.
Short | Patient or consumer oriented instructions
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
16. Dosage.timing
Definition | When medication should be administered.
Short | When medication should be administered
Comments | This attribute might not always be populated while the Dosage.text is expected to be populated. If both are populated, then the Dosage.text should reflect the content of the Dosage.timing.
Control | 0..1
Type | Timing
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | The timing schedule for giving the medication to the patient. This data type allows many different expressions. For example: "Every 8 hours"; "Three times a day"; "1/2 an hour before breakfast for 10 days from 23-Dec 2011:"; "15 Oct 2013, 17 Oct 2013 and 1 Nov 2013". Sometimes, a rate can imply duration when expressed as total volume / duration (e.g. 500mL/2 hours implies a duration of 2 hours). However, when rate doesn't imply duration (e.g. 250mL/hour), then the timing.repeat.duration is needed to convey the infuse over time period.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
18. Dosage.timing.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
20. Dosage.timing.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Dosage.timing.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
22. Dosage.timing.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summary | true
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content, modifiers
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
24. Dosage.timing.event
Definition | Identifies specific times when the event occurs.
Short | When the event occurs
Control | 0..*
Type | dateTime
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | In a Medication Administration Record, for instance, you need to take a general specification, and turn it into a precise specification.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
26. Dosage.timing.repeat
Definition | A set of rules that describe when the event is scheduled.
Short | When the event is to occur
Control | 0..1
Type | Element
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | Many timing schedules are determined by regular repetitions.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) tim-1: if there's a duration, there needs to be duration units (`duration.empty() or durationUnit.exists()`) tim-2: if there's a period, there needs to be period units (`period.empty() or periodUnit.exists()`) tim-4: duration SHALL be a non-negative value (`duration.exists() implies duration >= 0`) tim-5: period SHALL be a non-negative value (`period.exists() implies period >= 0`) tim-6: If there's a periodMax, there must be a period (`periodMax.empty() or period.exists()`) tim-7: If there's a durationMax, there must be a duration (`durationMax.empty() or duration.exists()`) tim-8: If there's a countMax, there must be a count (`countMax.empty() or count.exists()`) tim-9: If there's an offset, there must be a when (and not C, CM, CD, CV) (`offset.empty() or (when.exists() and ((when in ('C' | 'CM' | 'CD' | 'CV')).not()))`) tim-10: If there's a timeOfDay, there cannot be a when, or vice versa (`timeOfDay.empty() or when.empty()`)
28. Dosage.timing.repeat.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
30. Dosage.timing.repeat.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Dosage.timing.repeat.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
32. Dosage.timing.repeat.bounds[x]
Definition | Either a duration for the length of the timing schedule, a range of possible length, or outer bounds for start and/or end limits of the timing schedule.
Short | Length/Range of lengths, or (Start and/or end) limits
Control | 0..1
Type | Choice of: Duration, Range, Period
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
34. Dosage.timing.repeat.count
Definition | A total count of the desired number of repetitions across the duration of the entire timing specification. If countMax is present, this element indicates the lower bound of the allowed range of count values.
Short | Number of times to repeat
Comments | If you have both bounds and count, then this should be understood as within the bounds period, until count times happens.
Control | 0..1
Type | positiveInt
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Repetitions may be limited by end time or total occurrences.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
36. Dosage.timing.repeat.countMax
Definition | If present, indicates that the count is a range - so to perform the action between [count] and [countMax] times.
Short | Maximum number of times to repeat
Control | 0..1
Type | positiveInt
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
38. Dosage.timing.repeat.duration
Definition | How long this thing happens for when it happens. If durationMax is present, this element indicates the lower bound of the allowed range of the duration.
Short | How long when it happens
Comments | For some events the duration is part of the definition of the event (e.g. IV infusions, where the duration is implicit in the specified quantity and rate). For others, it's part of the timing specification (e.g. exercise).
Control | 0..1
Type | decimal
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Some activities are not instantaneous and need to be maintained for a period of time.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
40. Dosage.timing.repeat.durationMax
Definition | If present, indicates that the duration is a range - so to perform the action between [duration] and [durationMax] time length.
Short | How long when it happens (Max)
Comments | For some events the duration is part of the definition of the event (e.g. IV infusions, where the duration is implicit in the specified quantity and rate). For others, it's part of the timing specification (e.g. exercise).
Control | 0..1
Type | decimal
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Some activities are not instantaneous and need to be maintained for a period of time.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
42. Dosage.timing.repeat.durationUnit
Definition | The units of time for the duration, in UCUM units.
Short | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM)
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from UnitsOfTime (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/units-of-time|4.0.1` ) A unit of time (units from UCUM).
Type | code
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
44. Dosage.timing.repeat.frequency
Definition | The number of times to repeat the action within the specified period. If frequencyMax is present, this element indicates the lower bound of the allowed range of the frequency.
Short | Event occurs frequency times per period
Control | 0..1
Type | positiveInt
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Meaning if Missing | If no frequency is stated, the assumption is that the event occurs once per period, but systems SHOULD always be specific about this
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
46. Dosage.timing.repeat.frequencyMax
Definition | If present, indicates that the frequency is a range - so to repeat between [frequency] and [frequencyMax] times within the period or period range.
Short | Event occurs up to frequencyMax times per period
Control | 0..1
Type | positiveInt
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
48. Dosage.timing.repeat.period
Definition | Indicates the duration of time over which repetitions are to occur; e.g. to express "3 times per day", 3 would be the frequency and "1 day" would be the period. If periodMax is present, this element indicates the lower bound of the allowed range of the period length.
Short | Event occurs frequency times per period
Control | 0..1
Type | decimal
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
50. Dosage.timing.repeat.periodMax
Definition | If present, indicates that the period is a range from [period] to [periodMax], allowing expressing concepts such as "do this once every 3-5 days.
Short | Upper limit of period (3-4 hours)
Control | 0..1
Type | decimal
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
52. Dosage.timing.repeat.periodUnit
Definition | The units of time for the period in UCUM units.
Short | s | min | h | d | wk | mo | a - unit of time (UCUM)
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from UnitsOfTime (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/units-of-time|4.0.1` ) A unit of time (units from UCUM).
Type | code
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
54. Dosage.timing.repeat.dayOfWeek
Definition | If one or more days of week is provided, then the action happens only on the specified day(s).
Short | mon | tue | wed | thu | fri | sat | sun
Comments | If no days are specified, the action is assumed to happen every day as otherwise specified. The elements frequency and period cannot be used as well as dayOfWeek.
Control | 0..*
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from DaysOfWeek (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/days-of-week|4.0.1` )
Type | code
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
56. Dosage.timing.repeat.timeOfDay
Definition | Specified time of day for action to take place.
Short | Time of day for action
Comments | When time of day is specified, it is inferred that the action happens every day (as filtered by dayofWeek) on the specified times. The elements when, frequency and period cannot be used as well as timeOfDay.
Control | 0..*
Type | time
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
58. Dosage.timing.repeat.when
Definition | An approximate time period during the day, potentially linked to an event of daily living that indicates when the action should occur.
Short | Code for time period of occurrence
Comments | When more than one event is listed, the event is tied to the union of the specified events.
Control | 0..*
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from EventTiming (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/event-timing|4.0.1` ) Real world event relating to the schedule.
Type | code
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Timings are frequently determined by occurrences such as waking, eating and sleep.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
60. Dosage.timing.repeat.offset
Definition | The number of minutes from the event. If the event code does not indicate whether the minutes is before or after the event, then the offset is assumed to be after the event.
Short | Minutes from event (before or after)
Control | 0..1
Type | unsignedInt
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
62. Dosage.timing.code
Definition | A code for the timing schedule (or just text in code.text). Some codes such as BID are ubiquitous, but many institutions define their own additional codes. If a code is provided, the code is understood to be a complete statement of whatever is specified in the structured timing data, and either the code or the data may be used to interpret the Timing, with the exception that .repeat.bounds still applies over the code (and is not contained in the code).
Short | BID | TID | QID | AM | PM | QD | QOD | +
Comments | BID etc. are defined as 'at institutionally specified times'. For example, an institution may choose that BID is "always at 7am and 6pm". If it is inappropriate for this choice to be made, the code BID should not be used. Instead, a distinct organization-specific code should be used in place of the HL7-defined BID code and/or a structured representation should be used (in this case, specifying the two event times).
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHOULD be taken from TimingAbbreviation (preferred to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/timing-abbreviation|4.0.1` ) Code for a known / defined timing pattern.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
64. Dosage.asNeeded[x]
Definition | Indicates whether the Medication is only taken when needed within a specific dosing schedule (Boolean option), or it indicates the precondition for taking the Medication (CodeableConcept).
Short | Take "as needed" (for x)
Comments | Can express "as needed" without a reason by setting the Boolean = True. In this case the CodeableConcept is not populated. Or you can express "as needed" with a reason by including the CodeableConcept. In this case the Boolean is assumed to be True. If you set the Boolean to False, then the dose is given according to the schedule and is not "prn" or "as needed".
Control | 0..1
Binding | For example codes, see SNOMEDCTMedicationAsNeededReasonCodes (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/medication-as-needed-reason|4.0.1` ) A coded concept identifying the precondition that should be met or evaluated prior to consuming or administering a medication dose. For example "pain", "30 minutes prior to sexual intercourse", "on flare-up" etc.
Type | Choice of: boolean, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
66. Dosage.site
Definition | Body site to administer to.
Short | Body site to administer to
Comments | If the use case requires attributes from the BodySite resource (e.g. to identify and track separately) then use the standard extension bodySite. May be a summary code, or a reference to a very precise definition of the location, or both.
Control | 0..1
Binding | For example codes, see SNOMEDCTAnatomicalStructureForAdministrationSiteCodes (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/approach-site-codes|4.0.1` ) A coded concept describing the site location the medicine enters into or onto the body.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | A coded specification of the anatomic site where the medication first enters the body.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
68. Dosage.route
Definition | How drug should enter body.
Short | How drug should enter body
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from Route of Administration ValueSet (required to `https://www.ehealth.fgov.be/standards/fhir/terminology/ValueSet/BeRouteOfAdministrationVS` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | A code specifying the route or physiological path of administration of a therapeutic agent into or onto a patient's body.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
70. Dosage.method
Definition | Technique for administering medication.
Short | Technique for administering medication
Comments | Terminologies used often pre-coordinate this term with the route and or form of administration.
Control | 0..1
Binding | For example codes, see SNOMEDCTAdministrationMethodCodes (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administration-method-codes|4.0.1` ) A coded concept describing the technique by which the medicine is administered.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | A coded value indicating the method by which the medication is introduced into or onto the body. Most commonly used for injections. For examples, Slow Push; Deep IV.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
72. Dosage.doseAndRate
Definition | The amount of medication administered.
Short | Amount of medication administered
Control | 0..*
Type | Element
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
74. Dosage.doseAndRate.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
76. Dosage.doseAndRate.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Dosage.doseAndRate.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
78. Dosage.doseAndRate.type
Definition | The kind of dose or rate specified, for example, ordered or calculated.
Short | The kind of dose or rate specified
Control | 0..1
Binding | For example codes, see DoseAndRateType (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/dose-rate-type|4.0.1` ) The kind of dose or rate specified.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | If the type is not populated, assume to be "ordered".
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
80. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]
Definition | Amount of medication per dose.
Short | Amount of medication per dose
Comments | Note that this specifies the quantity of the specified medication, not the quantity for each active ingredient(s). Each ingredient amount can be communicated in the Medication resource. For example, if one wants to communicate that a tablet was 375 mg, where the dose was one tablet, you can use the Medication resource to document that the tablet was comprised of 375 mg of drug XYZ. Alternatively if the dose was 375 mg, then you may only need to use the Medication resource to indicate this was a tablet. If the example were an IV such as dopamine and you wanted to communicate that 400mg of dopamine was mixed in 500 ml of some IV solution, then this would all be communicated in the Medication resource. If the administration is not intended to be instantaneous (rate is present or timing has a duration), this can be specified to convey the total amount to be administered over the period of time as indicated by the schedule e.g. 500 ml in dose, with timing used to convey that this should be done over 4 hours.
Control | 0..1
Type | Choice of: Range, Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | The amount of therapeutic or other substance given at one administration event.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]`. The slices areUnordered and Closed, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: type @ $this
82. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]:doseRange
Slice Name | doseRange
Definition | Amount of medication per dose.
Short | Amount of medication per dose
Comments | Note that this specifies the quantity of the specified medication, not the quantity for each active ingredient(s). Each ingredient amount can be communicated in the Medication resource. For example, if one wants to communicate that a tablet was 375 mg, where the dose was one tablet, you can use the Medication resource to document that the tablet was comprised of 375 mg of drug XYZ. Alternatively if the dose was 375 mg, then you may only need to use the Medication resource to indicate this was a tablet. If the example were an IV such as dopamine and you wanted to communicate that 400mg of dopamine was mixed in 500 ml of some IV solution, then this would all be communicated in the Medication resource. If the administration is not intended to be instantaneous (rate is present or timing has a duration), this can be specified to convey the total amount to be administered over the period of time as indicated by the schedule e.g. 500 ml in dose, with timing used to convey that this should be done over 4 hours.
Control | 0..1
Type | Range
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | The amount of therapeutic or other substance given at one administration event.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
84. Dosage.doseAndRate.dose[x]:doseQuantity
Slice Name | doseQuantity
Definition | Amount of medication per dose.
Short | Amount of medication per dose
Comments | Note that this specifies the quantity of the specified medication, not the quantity for each active ingredient(s). Each ingredient amount can be communicated in the Medication resource. For example, if one wants to communicate that a tablet was 375 mg, where the dose was one tablet, you can use the Medication resource to document that the tablet was comprised of 375 mg of drug XYZ. Alternatively if the dose was 375 mg, then you may only need to use the Medication resource to indicate this was a tablet. If the example were an IV such as dopamine and you wanted to communicate that 400mg of dopamine was mixed in 500 ml of some IV solution, then this would all be communicated in the Medication resource. If the administration is not intended to be instantaneous (rate is present or timing has a duration), this can be specified to convey the total amount to be administered over the period of time as indicated by the schedule e.g. 500 ml in dose, with timing used to convey that this should be done over 4 hours.
Control | 0..1
Type | Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | The amount of therapeutic or other substance given at one administration event.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
86. Dosage.doseAndRate.rate[x]
Definition | Amount of medication per unit of time.
Short | Amount of medication per unit of time
Comments | It is possible to supply both a rate and a doseQuantity to provide full details about how the medication is to be administered and supplied. If the rate is intended to change over time, depending on local rules/regulations, each change should be captured as a new version of the MedicationRequest with an updated rate, or captured with a new MedicationRequest with the new rate. It is possible to specify a rate over time (for example, 100 ml/hour) using either the rateRatio and rateQuantity. The rateQuantity approach requires systems to have the capability to parse UCUM grammer where ml/hour is included rather than a specific ratio where the time is specified as the denominator. Where a rate such as 500ml over 2 hours is specified, the use of rateRatio may be more semantically correct than specifying using a rateQuantity of 250 mg/hour.
Control | 0..1
Type | Choice of: Ratio, Range, Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | Identifies the speed with which the medication was or will be introduced into the patient. Typically the rate for an infusion e.g. 100 ml per 1 hour or 100 ml/hr. May also be expressed as a rate per unit of time e.g. 500 ml per 2 hours. Other examples: 200 mcg/min or 200 mcg/1 minute; 1 liter/8 hours. Sometimes, a rate can imply duration when expressed as total volume / duration (e.g. 500mL/2 hours implies a duration of 2 hours). However, when rate doesn't imply duration (e.g. 250mL/hour), then the timing.repeat.duration is needed to convey the infuse over time period.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
88. Dosage.maxDosePerPeriod
Definition | Upper limit on medication per unit of time.
Short | Upper limit on medication per unit of time
Comments | This is intended for use as an adjunct to the dosage when there is an upper cap. For example "2 tablets every 4 hours to a maximum of 8/day".
Control | 0..1
Type | Ratio
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | The maximum total quantity of a therapeutic substance that may be administered to a subject over the period of time. For example, 1000mg in 24 hours.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
90. Dosage.maxDosePerAdministration
Definition | Upper limit on medication per administration.
Short | Upper limit on medication per administration
Comments | This is intended for use as an adjunct to the dosage when there is an upper cap. For example, a body surface area related dose with a maximum amount, such as 1.5 mg/m2 (maximum 2 mg) IV over 5 – 10 minutes would have doseQuantity of 1.5 mg/m2 and maxDosePerAdministration of 2 mg.
Control | 0..1
Type | Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | The maximum total quantity of a therapeutic substance that may be administered to a subject per administration.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
92. Dosage.maxDosePerLifetime
Definition | Upper limit on medication per lifetime of the patient.
Short | Upper limit on medication per lifetime of the patient
Control | 0..1
Type | Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | The maximum total quantity of a therapeutic substance that may be administered per lifetime of the subject.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)