eCQM QICore Content Implementation Guide
2024.0.0 - CI Build
eCQM QICore Content Implementation Guide
2024.0.0 - CI Build
eCQM QICore Content Implementation Guide, published by cqframework. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 2024.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/cqframework/ecqm-content-qicore-2024/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
| Draft as of 2024-07-09 |
{
"resourceType" : "Measure",
"id" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR",
"meta" : {
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/computable-measure-cqfm"🔗 ,
"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/publishable-measure-cqfm"🔗 ,
"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/executable-measure-cqfm"
]
},
"text" : {
"status" : "extensions",
"div" : "<div xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">\n <table class=\"grid dict\">\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Title: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">Hospital Harm - Opioid-Related Adverse EventsFHIR</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Id: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Version: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">0.1.000</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Url: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><a href=\"Measure-HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR.html\">Hospital Harm - Opioid-Related Adverse EventsFHIR</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">\n <b>\n \n \n short-name identifier:\n \n \n </b>\n </th>\n\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>CMS819FHIR</span>\n </p>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">\n <b>\n \n \n version-independent identifier:\n \n \n </b>\n </th>\n\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>urn:uuid:30256069-ee4f-45b8-895a-5452cf8e9e4e</span>\n </p>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">\n <b>\n \n \n version-specific identifier:\n \n \n </b>\n </th>\n\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>urn:uuid:8f15b4f6-b1b5-41a0-b158-282ff051a62d</span>\n </p>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">\n <b>\n \n \n endorser (CMS Consensus Based Entity) identifier:\n \n \n </b>\n </th>\n\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>3501e</span>\n </p>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">\n <b>\n \n \n publisher (CMS) identifier:\n \n \n </b>\n </th>\n\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>819FHIR</span>\n </p>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Effective Period: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">2025-01-01..2025-12-31</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Status: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">draft</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Publisher: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Author: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">American Institutes for Research (AIR)</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Description: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>This measure assesses the number of inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 and older who have been administered an opioid medication and are subsequently administered an opioid antagonist within 12 hours, an indication of an opioid-related adverse event</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Purpose: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>UNKNOWN</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Copyright: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. American Institutes for Research(R), formerly IMPAQ International, disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications.</p>\n<p>LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2023 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2023 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2023 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Disclaimer: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>This performance measure is not a clinical guideline, does not establish a standard of medical care and has not been tested for all potential applications.</p>\n<p>THE MEASURES AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.</p>\n<p>Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Scoring: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>Proportion </span>\n </p>\n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Rationale: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>Opioids are often the foundation for sedation and pain relief. Opioid-based analgesia continues to be the most commonly used treatment in postoperative pain management, with more than 95% of surgical patients receiving opioids during their hospitalization (Baker et al., 2020). However, use of opioids can also lead to serious adverse events, including constipation, over sedation, delirium, and respiratory depression (Urman, 2021a). Opioid-related adverse events (ORADE) have both patient-level and financial implications. The presence of an ORADE was associated with a 55% longer postoperative length of stay, 29% lower odds of discharge home, and 2.9 times the odds of death (Urman, 2021b). For surgical patients, occurrence of opioid-related adverse events was associated with an increase of 1.6 days in LOS and $8225 more in cost for the index hospitalization. Patients who experienced ORADEs while in a hospitalized setting were more likely to have received a higher total dose of opioids during hospitalization (Cone et al., 2023; Shafi et al., 2018). Numerous studies report the additive (risk-adjusted) hospitalization cost burden of surgical patients with ORADEs to be between $4350–$8225, representing a 27–47% increase in (risk-adjusted) admission costs (Khanna et al., 2021).</p>\n<p>Most opioid-related adverse events are preventable. Each year, adverse drug events (ADE) account for nearly 700,000 emergency department visits and 100,000 hospitalizations (AHRQ, 2019). An estimated one-third of all adverse events that occur in the inpatient setting are adverse drug events (ODPHP, 2020). Additionally, in a closed-claims analysis, 97% of adverse events were judged preventable with better monitoring and response (Lee et al., 2015). Naloxone administration is often used as an indicator of a severe opioid-related adverse event, and implementation of this measure can advance safe use of opioids in hospitals and prevent these serious and potentially lethal adverse drug events.</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Clinical recommendation statement: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"><div><p>Naloxone is an opioid reversal agent typically used for severe opioid-related adverse events. Naloxone administration has been used in a number of studies as an indicator of opioid-related adverse events (Yiu, et al., 2022; Lynn et al., 2017; Nwulu et al., 2013).</p>\n<p>From Section 10 of the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (Lavonas et al., 2015), the following recommendation is listed for use of naloxone:</p>\n<p>Naloxone is a potent opioid receptor antagonist in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal system. Naloxone has an excellent safety profile and can rapidly reverse central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory depression in a patient with an opioid-associated resuscitative emergency.</p>\n<p>2020 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation continue to recommend naloxone for a patient with suspected opioid overdose who has a definite pulse but no normal breathing or only gasping (i.e., a respiratory arrest), in addition to providing standard Pediatric Basic Life Support (PBLS) or Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS), it is reasonable for responders to administer intramuscular or intranasal naloxone. These recommendations are identical for adults.</p>\n<p>In February 2022, FDA approved its abbreviated new drug application for nalmefene hydrochloride injection, 2mg/2mL (1mg/1mL). Nalmefene is an opioid antagonist indicated for the complete or partial reversal of opioid drug effects, including respiratory depression, induced by either natural or synthetic opioids, and in the management of known or suspected opioid overdose (FDA, 2022). In contrast to naloxone, the long half-life of nalmefene is similar to or greater than that of many opioid receptor agonists (Britch et al., 2022), which could decrease the need for repeat drug administration. In May 2023, FDA approved nalmefene hydrochloride nasal spray that delivers 2.7 milligrams (mg) of nalmefene into the nasal cavity.</p>\n</div></td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Guidance (Usage): </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">Qualifying encounters (denominator) include all patients 18 years of age or older at the start of the encounter with at least one opioid medication administered outside of the operating room.\n\nTo create the numerator:\n \n1. First, start with those encounters meeting denominator criteria\n\n2. Next, remove all events where an opioid or opioid antagonist was administered in the operating \nroom. \n\nOpioid antagonist administrations in the operating room are excluded because they could be part of the sedation plan as administered by an anesthesiologist. Encounters that include use of opioid antagonists for procedures and recovery outside of the operating room (e.g., bone marrow biopsy and PACU) are included in the numerator, as it would indicate the patient was over-sedated. Note that should a facility not utilize temporary patient locations, alternative times may be used to determine whether a patient is in the operating room during opioid antagonist administration. Since anesthesia end time could represent the time the anesthesiologist signed off, and thus may include the patient’s time in the PACU, this should be avoided. \n\n3. Next, remove all events where the opioid antagonist was administered via an enteral route. Only opioid antagonists given by a non-enteral (i.e., intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal, inhalation) route are considered.\n\n4. Finally, remove all administrations of opioid antagonists that were given greater than 12 hours following hospital administration of an opioid medication.\n\nThis eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each inpatient hospitalization or encounter that ends during the measurement period.\n\nThis FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS819v3.\n\nPlease refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide(https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core4.1.1 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/qdm-to-qicore.html).</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Population Criteria: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>6501fc94da013638e7b3dc06</b></th>\n </tr>\n \n \n <tr>\n <td>Initial Population:</td>\n\n \n \n <td>Inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 years and older during which at least one opioid medication was administered outside of the operating room</td>\n \n \n\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Denominator:</td>\n\n \n \n <td>Equals Initial Population</td>\n \n \n\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Numerator:</td>\n\n \n \n <td>Inpatient hospitalizations where an opioid antagonist was administered outside of the operating room and within 12 hours following an opioid medication administered outside of the operating room. The route of administration of the opioid antagonist must be by intranasal spray, inhalation, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection.\n\nOnly one numerator event is counted per encounter.</td>\n \n \n\n </tr>\n \n \n </table>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b> Supplemental Data Elements: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n \n \n <p>SDE Ethnicity</p>\n \n \n \n \n \n <p>SDE Payer</p>\n \n \n \n \n \n <p>SDE Race</p>\n \n \n \n \n \n <p>SDE Sex</p>\n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">\n <b> Supplemental Data Guidance\n : </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\"> For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex; SDE Ethnicity \n SDE Payer \n SDE Race \n SDE Sex \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Libraries: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n \n <tr>\n <td><a href=\"Library-HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR.html\">HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Terminology and Other Dependencies: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <li><code>Library/SupplementalDataElements|3.5.000</code></li>\n \n <li><code>Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000</code></li>\n \n <li><code>Library/QICoreCommon|2.1.000</code></li>\n \n <li><code>Library/CQMCommon|2.2.000</code></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-administrative-gender.html\">AdministrativeGender</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.119/expansion\">http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.119</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.226/expansion\">Opioids, All</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307/expansion\">Encounter Inpatient</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143/expansion\">Observation Services</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292/expansion\">Emergency Department Visit</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.141/expansion\">http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.141</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.187/expansion\">http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.187</a></li>\n \n <li><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591/expansion\">Payer</a></li>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Parameters:</b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr>\n <th><b>name</b></th>\n <th><b>use</b></th>\n <th><b>min</b></th>\n <th><b>max</b></th>\n <th><b>type</b></th>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Measurement Period</td>\n <td>In</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>1</td>\n <td>Period</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>SDE Sex</td>\n <td>Out</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>1</td>\n <td>Coding</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Numerator</td>\n <td>Out</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>*</td>\n <td>Resource</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Denominator</td>\n <td>Out</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>*</td>\n <td>Resource</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>SDE Payer</td>\n <td>Out</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>*</td>\n <td>Resource</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Initial Population</td>\n <td>Out</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>*</td>\n <td>Resource</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>SDE Ethnicity</td>\n <td>Out</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>1</td>\n <td>Resource</td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>SDE Race</td>\n <td>Out</td>\n <td>0</td>\n <td>1</td>\n <td>Resource</td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>DataRequirements:</b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr>\n <th><b>Resource Type</b></th>\n <th><b>Resource Elements</b></th>\n <th><b>Valueset Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Valueset</b></th>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Patient(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-patient.html\">QICorePatient</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n ethnicity\n \n race\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n </td>\n <td/>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>MedicationAdministration(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-medicationadministration.html\">QICoreMedicationAdministration</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n medication\n \n status\n \n status.value\n \n effective\n \n dosage\n \n dosage.route\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n \n Opioid Antagonist\n \n \n </td>\n <td><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.119/expansion\">http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.119</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>MedicationAdministration(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-medicationadministration.html\">QICoreMedicationAdministration</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n medication\n \n status\n \n status.value\n \n effective\n \n dosage\n \n dosage.route\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n \n Opioids, All\n \n \n </td>\n <td><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.226/expansion\">Opioids, All</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Encounter(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-encounter.html\">QICoreEncounter</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n type\n \n status\n \n status.value\n \n period\n \n location\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n \n Observation Services\n \n \n </td>\n <td><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143/expansion\">Observation Services</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Encounter(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-encounter.html\">QICoreEncounter</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n type\n \n status\n \n status.value\n \n period\n \n location\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n \n Emergency Department Visit\n \n \n </td>\n <td><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292/expansion\">Emergency Department Visit</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Encounter(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-encounter.html\">QICoreEncounter</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n type\n \n period\n \n status\n \n status.value\n \n location\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n \n Encounter Inpatient\n \n \n </td>\n <td><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307/expansion\">Encounter Inpatient</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Location(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-location.html\">QICoreLocation</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n id\n \n id.value\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n </td>\n <td/>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Coverage(<a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/StructureDefinition-qicore-coverage.html\">QICoreCoverage</a>)</td>\n <td>\n \n type\n \n period\n \n </td>\n <td>\n \n \n Payer Type\n \n \n </td>\n <td><a href=\"https://vsac.nlm.nih.gov/valueset/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591/expansion\">Payer</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Direct Reference Codes:</b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr>\n <th><b>display</b></th>\n <th><b>code</b></th>\n <th><b>system</b></th>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Male</td>\n <td>M</td>\n <td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-administrative-gender.html\">http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td>Female</td>\n <td>F</td>\n <td><a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-administrative-gender.html\">http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender</a></td>\n </tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Logic Definitions:</b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n <tr>\n <th><b>Group</b></th>\n <th><b>Scoring</b></th>\n <th><b>Population Criteria</b></th>\n <th><b>Expression</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td> 6501fc94da013638e7b3dc06 </td>\n <td colspan=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n <b>Group scoring:</b>\n \n <span> proportion </span>\n \n \n\n \n\n \n <b>Measure scoring:</b>\n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>Proportion</span>\n </p>\n \n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n \n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Type: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>Outcome </span>\n </p>\n \n \n \n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Rate Aggregation: </b></th>\n <td colspan=\"3\" style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">None</td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\"><b>Improvement Notation: </b></th>\n <td style=\"padding-left: 4px;\">\n \n \n \n <p style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n <span>decrease </span>\n </p>\n \n \n \n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n\n \n\n </td>\n \n <tr>\n <td/>\n <td/>\n <td>Initial Population</td>\n <td>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Initial Population":\n "Encounter with Opioid Administration Outside of Operating Room"</code></pre>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td/>\n <td/>\n <td>Denominator</td>\n <td>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Denominator":\n "Initial Population"</code></pre>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <td/>\n <td/>\n <td>Numerator</td>\n <td>\n \n <pre><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Numerator":\n "Encounter with Non Enteral Opioid Antagonist Administration Outside of Operating Room and within 12 Hrs After Opioid"</code></pre>\n \n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n \n </tr>\n </table>\n \n\n <table class=\"grid-dict\">\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>SupplementalDataElements</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Sex</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Sex":\n case\n when Patient.gender = 'male' then "M"\n when Patient.gender = 'female' then "F"\n else null\n end</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Sex</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Sex":\n SDE."SDE Sex"</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Opioid Antagonist Administration</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Opioid Antagonist Administration":\n ["MedicationAdministration": "Opioid Antagonist"] AntagonistGiven\n where AntagonistGiven.status = 'completed'\n and AntagonistGiven.status != 'not-done'</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Opioid Administration</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Opioid Administration":\n ["MedicationAdministration": "Opioids, All"] Opioids\n where Opioids.status = 'completed'\n and Opioids.status != 'not-done'</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Qualifying Encounter</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Qualifying Encounter":\n ["Encounter": "Encounter Inpatient"] InpatientEncounter\n where AgeInYearsAt(date from start of InpatientEncounter.period) >= 18\n and InpatientEncounter.period ends during day of "Measurement Period"\n and InpatientEncounter.status = 'finished'</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Encounter with Opioid Administration Outside of Operating Room</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Encounter with Opioid Administration Outside of Operating Room":\n "Qualifying Encounter" InpatientEncounter\n with "Opioid Administration" OpioidGiven\n such that QICoreCommon."ToInterval" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) starts during CQMCommon."HospitalizationWithObservation" ( InpatientEncounter )\n and not exists ( InpatientEncounter.location EncounterLocation\n where CQMCommon.GetLocation ( EncounterLocation.location ).type in "Operating Room Suite"\n and QICoreCommon."ToInterval" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) starts during EncounterLocation.period\n )</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Initial Population</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Initial Population":\n "Encounter with Opioid Administration Outside of Operating Room"</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Denominator</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Denominator":\n "Initial Population"</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Encounter with Non Enteral Opioid Antagonist Administration Outside of Operating Room and within 12 Hrs After Opioid</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Encounter with Non Enteral Opioid Antagonist Administration Outside of Operating Room and within 12 Hrs After Opioid":\n // Opioids administered before opioid antagonist AND excludes opioid antagonist administered in operating room AND limits opioid antagonist to non-enteral routes//\n \n from\n "Opioid Antagonist Administration" OpioidAntagonistGiven,\n "Opioid Administration" OpioidGiven,\n "Denominator" EncounterWithQualifyingAge\n where not exists ( EncounterWithQualifyingAge.location EncounterLocation\n where CQMCommon.GetLocation ( EncounterLocation.location ).type in "Operating Room Suite"\n and QICoreCommon."ToInterval" ( OpioidAntagonistGiven.effective ) starts during EncounterLocation.period\n )\n and ( QICoreCommon."ToInterval" ( OpioidAntagonistGiven.effective ) starts during CQMCommon."HospitalizationWithObservation" ( EncounterWithQualifyingAge )\n and QICoreCommon."ToInterval" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) starts during CQMCommon."HospitalizationWithObservation" ( EncounterWithQualifyingAge )\n and QICoreCommon."ToInterval" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) ends 12 hours or less before start of QICoreCommon."ToInterval" ( OpioidAntagonistGiven.effective )\n and OpioidAntagonistGiven.dosage.route in "Routes of Administration for Opioid Antagonists"\n )\n return EncounterWithQualifyingAge</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>Numerator</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "Numerator":\n "Encounter with Non Enteral Opioid Antagonist Administration Outside of Operating Room and within 12 Hrs After Opioid"</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>SupplementalDataElements</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Payer</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Payer":\n [Coverage: type in "Payer Type"] Payer\n return {\n code: Payer.type,\n period: Payer.period\n }</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Payer</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Payer":\n SDE."SDE Payer"</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>SupplementalDataElements</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Ethnicity</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Ethnicity":\n Patient.ethnicity E\n return Tuple {\n codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,\n display: E.text\n }</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Ethnicity</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Ethnicity":\n SDE."SDE Ethnicity"</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>SupplementalDataElements</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Race</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Race":\n Patient.race R\n return Tuple {\n codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,\n display: R.text\n }</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR</td>\n \n \n <td>SDE Race</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define "SDE Race":\n SDE."SDE Race"</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>CQMCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>HospitalizationWithObservation</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">/*\n@description: Hospitalization with Observation returns the total interval from the start of any immediately prior emergency department visit through the observation visit to the discharge of the given encounter\n@deprecated: This function is deprecated. Use the fluent function `hospitalizationWithObservation()` instead.\n*/\ndefine function "HospitalizationWithObservation"(TheEncounter Encounter ):\n TheEncounter Visit\n \t\tlet ObsVisit: Last([Encounter: "Observation Services"] LastObs\n \t\t\t\twhere LastObs.status = 'finished'\n and LastObs.period ends 1 hour or less on or before start of Visit.period\n \t\t\t\tsort by end of period\n \t\t\t),\n \t\t\tVisitStart: Coalesce(start of ObsVisit.period, start of Visit.period),\n \t\t\tEDVisit: Last([Encounter: "Emergency Department Visit"] LastED\n \t\t\t\twhere LastED.status = 'finished'\n and LastED.period ends 1 hour or less on or before VisitStart\n \t\t\t\tsort by end of period\n \t\t\t)\n \t\treturn Interval[Coalesce(start of EDVisit.period, VisitStart), end of Visit.period]</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>CQMCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>GetLocation</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">/*\n@description: Returns the Location resource specified by the given reference\n@deprecated: This function is deprecated. Use the fluent function `getLocation()` instead.\n*/\ndefine function "GetLocation"(reference Reference ):\n singleton from (\n [Location] L where L.id = reference.reference.getId()\n )</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>QICoreCommon</td>\n \n \n <td>getId</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">/*\n@description: Returns the tail of the given uri (i.e. everything after the last slash in the URI).\n@comment: This function can be used to determine the logical id of a given resource. It can be used in\na single-server environment to trace references. However, this function does not attempt to resolve\nor distinguish the base of the given url, and so cannot be used safely in multi-server environments.\n*/\ndefine fluent function getId(uri String):\n Last(Split(uri, '/'))</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>FHIRHelpers</td>\n \n \n <td>ToConcept</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">/*\n@description: Converts the given FHIR [CodeableConcept](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept) value to a CQL Concept.\n*/\ndefine function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept):\n if concept is null then\n null\n else\n System.Concept {\n codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C),\n display: concept.text.value\n }</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>FHIRHelpers</td>\n \n \n <td>ToString</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">define function ToString(value uri): value.value</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n <tr>\n <th><b>Library Name</b></th>\n <th><b>Name</b></th>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td>FHIRHelpers</td>\n \n \n <td>ToCode</td>\n \n </tr>\n <tr>\n \n <td/>\n <td>\n <pre class=\"highlight language-cql\"><code class=\"language-cql\">/*\n@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.\n*/\ndefine function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):\n if coding is null then\n null\n else\n System.Code {\n code: coding.code.value,\n system: coding.system.value,\n version: coding.version.value,\n display: coding.display.value\n }</code></pre>\n </td>\n \n </tr>\n \n </table>\n </td>\n </tr>\n \n \n \n\n </table>\n</div>"
},
"contained" : [
{
"resourceType" : "Library",
"id" : "effective-data-requirements",
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
"valueCoding" : {
"system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender",
"code" : "M",
"display" : "Male"
}
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-directReferenceCode",
"valueCoding" : {
"system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender",
"code" : "F",
"display" : "Female"
}
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "SupplementalDataElements"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Sex"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Sex\":\n case\n when Patient.gender = 'male' then \"M\"\n when Patient.gender = 'female' then \"F\"\n else null\n end"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 0
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Sex"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Sex\":\n SDE.\"SDE Sex\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 1
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Opioid Antagonist Administration"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Opioid Antagonist Administration\":\n [\"MedicationAdministration\": \"Opioid Antagonist\"] AntagonistGiven\n where AntagonistGiven.status = 'completed'\n and AntagonistGiven.status != 'not-done'"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 2
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Opioid Administration"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Opioid Administration\":\n [\"MedicationAdministration\": \"Opioids, All\"] Opioids\n where Opioids.status = 'completed'\n and Opioids.status != 'not-done'"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 3
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Qualifying Encounter"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Qualifying Encounter\":\n [\"Encounter\": \"Encounter Inpatient\"] InpatientEncounter\n where AgeInYearsAt(date from start of InpatientEncounter.period) >= 18\n and InpatientEncounter.period ends during day of \"Measurement Period\"\n and InpatientEncounter.status = 'finished'"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 4
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Encounter with Opioid Administration Outside of Operating Room"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Encounter with Opioid Administration Outside of Operating Room\":\n \"Qualifying Encounter\" InpatientEncounter\n with \"Opioid Administration\" OpioidGiven\n such that QICoreCommon.\"ToInterval\" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) starts during CQMCommon.\"HospitalizationWithObservation\" ( InpatientEncounter )\n and not exists ( InpatientEncounter.location EncounterLocation\n where CQMCommon.GetLocation ( EncounterLocation.location ).type in \"Operating Room Suite\"\n and QICoreCommon.\"ToInterval\" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) starts during EncounterLocation.period\n )"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 5
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Initial Population"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Initial Population\":\n \"Encounter with Opioid Administration Outside of Operating Room\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 6
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Denominator"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Denominator\":\n \"Initial Population\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 7
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Encounter with Non Enteral Opioid Antagonist Administration Outside of Operating Room and within 12 Hrs After Opioid"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Encounter with Non Enteral Opioid Antagonist Administration Outside of Operating Room and within 12 Hrs After Opioid\":\n // Opioids administered before opioid antagonist AND excludes opioid antagonist administered in operating room AND limits opioid antagonist to non-enteral routes//\n \n from\n \"Opioid Antagonist Administration\" OpioidAntagonistGiven,\n \"Opioid Administration\" OpioidGiven,\n \"Denominator\" EncounterWithQualifyingAge\n where not exists ( EncounterWithQualifyingAge.location EncounterLocation\n where CQMCommon.GetLocation ( EncounterLocation.location ).type in \"Operating Room Suite\"\n and QICoreCommon.\"ToInterval\" ( OpioidAntagonistGiven.effective ) starts during EncounterLocation.period\n )\n and ( QICoreCommon.\"ToInterval\" ( OpioidAntagonistGiven.effective ) starts during CQMCommon.\"HospitalizationWithObservation\" ( EncounterWithQualifyingAge )\n and QICoreCommon.\"ToInterval\" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) starts during CQMCommon.\"HospitalizationWithObservation\" ( EncounterWithQualifyingAge )\n and QICoreCommon.\"ToInterval\" ( OpioidGiven.effective ) ends 12 hours or less before start of QICoreCommon.\"ToInterval\" ( OpioidAntagonistGiven.effective )\n and OpioidAntagonistGiven.dosage.route in \"Routes of Administration for Opioid Antagonists\"\n )\n return EncounterWithQualifyingAge"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 8
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "Numerator"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"Numerator\":\n \"Encounter with Non Enteral Opioid Antagonist Administration Outside of Operating Room and within 12 Hrs After Opioid\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 9
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "SupplementalDataElements"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Payer"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Payer\":\n [Coverage: type in \"Payer Type\"] Payer\n return {\n code: Payer.type,\n period: Payer.period\n }"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 10
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Payer"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Payer\":\n SDE.\"SDE Payer\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 11
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "SupplementalDataElements"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Ethnicity"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Ethnicity\":\n Patient.ethnicity E\n return Tuple {\n codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,\n display: E.text\n }"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 12
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Ethnicity"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Ethnicity\":\n SDE.\"SDE Ethnicity\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 13
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "SupplementalDataElements"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Race"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Race\":\n Patient.race R\n return Tuple {\n codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,\n display: R.text\n }"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 14
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "SDE Race"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define \"SDE Race\":\n SDE.\"SDE Race\""
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 15
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "CQMCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "HospitalizationWithObservation"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "/*\n@description: Hospitalization with Observation returns the total interval from the start of any immediately prior emergency department visit through the observation visit to the discharge of the given encounter\n@deprecated: This function is deprecated. Use the fluent function `hospitalizationWithObservation()` instead.\n*/\ndefine function \"HospitalizationWithObservation\"(TheEncounter Encounter ):\n TheEncounter Visit\n \t\tlet ObsVisit: Last([Encounter: \"Observation Services\"] LastObs\n \t\t\t\twhere LastObs.status = 'finished'\n and LastObs.period ends 1 hour or less on or before start of Visit.period\n \t\t\t\tsort by end of period\n \t\t\t),\n \t\t\tVisitStart: Coalesce(start of ObsVisit.period, start of Visit.period),\n \t\t\tEDVisit: Last([Encounter: \"Emergency Department Visit\"] LastED\n \t\t\t\twhere LastED.status = 'finished'\n and LastED.period ends 1 hour or less on or before VisitStart\n \t\t\t\tsort by end of period\n \t\t\t)\n \t\treturn Interval[Coalesce(start of EDVisit.period, VisitStart), end of Visit.period]"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 16
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "CQMCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "GetLocation"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "/*\n@description: Returns the Location resource specified by the given reference\n@deprecated: This function is deprecated. Use the fluent function `getLocation()` instead.\n*/\ndefine function \"GetLocation\"(reference Reference ):\n singleton from (\n [Location] L where L.id = reference.reference.getId()\n )"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 17
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "QICoreCommon"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "getId"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "/*\n@description: Returns the tail of the given uri (i.e. everything after the last slash in the URI).\n@comment: This function can be used to determine the logical id of a given resource. It can be used in\na single-server environment to trace references. However, this function does not attempt to resolve\nor distinguish the base of the given url, and so cannot be used safely in multi-server environments.\n*/\ndefine fluent function getId(uri String):\n Last(Split(uri, '/'))"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 18
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "FHIRHelpers"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "ToConcept"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "/*\n@description: Converts the given FHIR [CodeableConcept](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept) value to a CQL Concept.\n*/\ndefine function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept):\n if concept is null then\n null\n else\n System.Concept {\n codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C),\n display: concept.text.value\n }"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 19
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "FHIRHelpers"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "ToString"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "define function ToString(value uri): value.value"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 20
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
},
{
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "libraryName",
"valueString" : "FHIRHelpers"
},
{
"url" : "name",
"valueString" : "ToCode"
},
{
"url" : "statement",
"valueString" : "/*\n@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.\n*/\ndefine function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):\n if coding is null then\n null\n else\n System.Code {\n code: coding.code.value,\n system: coding.system.value,\n version: coding.version.value,\n display: coding.display.value\n }"
},
{
"url" : "displaySequence",
"valueInteger" : 21
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-logicDefinition"
}
],
"name" : "EffectiveDataRequirements",
"status" : "active",
"type" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/library-type",
"code" : "module-definition"
}
]
},
"relatedArtifact" : [
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Library SDE",
"resource" : "Library/SupplementalDataElements|3.5.000"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Library FHIRHelpers",
"resource" : "Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Library QICoreCommon",
"resource" : "Library/QICoreCommon|2.1.000"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Library CQMCommon",
"resource" : "Library/CQMCommon|2.2.000"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Code system AdministrativeGender",
"resource" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/administrative-gender"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Opioid Antagonist",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.119"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Opioids, All",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.226"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Encounter Inpatient",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Observation Services",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Emergency Department Visit",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Operating Room Suite",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.141"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Routes of Administration for Opioid Antagonists",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.187"
},
{
"type" : "depends-on",
"display" : "Value set Payer Type",
"resource" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"
}
],
"parameter" : [
{
"name" : "Measurement Period",
"use" : "in",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "1",
"type" : "Period"
},
{
"name" : "SDE Sex",
"use" : "out",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "1",
"type" : "Coding"
},
{
"name" : "Numerator",
"use" : "out",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "*",
"type" : "Resource"
},
{
"name" : "Denominator",
"use" : "out",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "*",
"type" : "Resource"
},
{
"name" : "SDE Payer",
"use" : "out",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "*",
"type" : "Resource"
},
{
"name" : "Initial Population",
"use" : "out",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "*",
"type" : "Resource"
},
{
"name" : "SDE Ethnicity",
"use" : "out",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "1",
"type" : "Resource"
},
{
"name" : "SDE Race",
"use" : "out",
"min" : 0,
"max" : "1",
"type" : "Resource"
}
],
"dataRequirement" : [
{
"type" : "Patient",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-patient"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"ethnicity",
"race"
]
},
{
"type" : "MedicationAdministration",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medicationadministration"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"medication",
"status",
"status.value",
"effective",
"dosage",
"dosage.route"
],
"codeFilter" : [
{
"path" : "medication",
"valueSet" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1248.119"
}
]
},
{
"type" : "MedicationAdministration",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-medicationadministration"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"medication",
"status",
"status.value",
"effective",
"dosage",
"dosage.route"
],
"codeFilter" : [
{
"path" : "medication",
"valueSet" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1196.226"
}
]
},
{
"type" : "Encounter",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"type",
"status",
"status.value",
"period",
"location"
],
"codeFilter" : [
{
"path" : "type",
"valueSet" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1111.143"
},
{
"path" : "status.value",
"code" : [
{
"code" : "finished"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"type" : "Encounter",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"type",
"status",
"status.value",
"period",
"location"
],
"codeFilter" : [
{
"path" : "type",
"valueSet" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.117.1.7.1.292"
},
{
"path" : "status.value",
"code" : [
{
"code" : "finished"
}
]
}
],
"dateFilter" : [
{
"path" : "period",
"valuePeriod" : {
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi-analysisException",
"valueString" : "Error attempting to determine filter value: toFhirValue not implemented for Subtract"
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"type" : "Encounter",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"type",
"period",
"status",
"status.value",
"location"
],
"codeFilter" : [
{
"path" : "type",
"valueSet" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307"
},
{
"path" : "status.value",
"code" : [
{
"code" : "finished"
}
]
}
],
"dateFilter" : [
{
"path" : "period",
"valuePeriod" : {
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-expression",
"valueExpression" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "Measurement Period"
}
}
]
}
}
]
},
{
"type" : "Location",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-location"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"id",
"id.value"
]
},
{
"type" : "Coverage",
"profile" : [
🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-coverage"
],
"mustSupport" : [
"type",
"period"
],
"codeFilter" : [
{
"path" : "type",
"valueSet" : "http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"extension" : [
{
"id" : "supplementalDataGuidance",
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "guidance",
"valueString" : "For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex; SDE Ethnicity \n SDE Payer \n SDE Race \n SDE Sex \n "
},
{
"url" : "usage",
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
"code" : "supplemental-data",
"display" : "Supplemental Data"
}
],
"text" : "Supplemental Data Guidance"
}
}
],
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-supplementalDataGuidance"
},
{
"id" : "effective-data-requirements",
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-effectiveDataRequirements",
"valueReference" : {
"reference" : "#effective-data-requirements"
}
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-softwaresystem",
"valueReference" : {
"reference" : "Device/cqf-tooling"
}
}
],
"url" : "https://madie.cms.gov/Measure/HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR",
"identifier" : [
{
"use" : "usual",
"type" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/CodeSystem/identifier-type",
"code" : "short-name"
}
]
},
"system" : "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/shortName",
"value" : "CMS819FHIR"
},
{
"use" : "official",
"type" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/CodeSystem/identifier-type",
"code" : "version-independent"
}
]
},
"system" : "urn:ietf:rfc:3986",
"value" : "urn:uuid:30256069-ee4f-45b8-895a-5452cf8e9e4e"
},
{
"use" : "official",
"type" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/CodeSystem/identifier-type",
"code" : "version-specific"
}
]
},
"system" : "urn:ietf:rfc:3986",
"value" : "urn:uuid:8f15b4f6-b1b5-41a0-b158-282ff051a62d"
},
{
"use" : "official",
"type" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/CodeSystem/identifier-type",
"code" : "endorser"
}
]
},
"system" : "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/cbeId",
"value" : "3501e",
"assigner" : {
"display" : "CMS Consensus Based Entity"
}
},
{
"use" : "official",
"type" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/CodeSystem/identifier-type",
"code" : "publisher"
}
]
},
"system" : "https://madie.cms.gov/measure/cmsId",
"value" : "819FHIR",
"assigner" : {
"display" : "CMS"
}
}
],
"version" : "0.1.000",
"name" : "HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR",
"title" : "Hospital Harm - Opioid-Related Adverse EventsFHIR",
"status" : "draft",
"experimental" : false,
"date" : "2024-07-09T14:53:55+00:00",
"publisher" : "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)",
"contact" : [
{
"telecom" : [
{
"system" : "url",
"value" : "https://www.cms.gov/"
}
]
}
],
"description" : "This measure assesses the number of inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 and older who have been administered an opioid medication and are subsequently administered an opioid antagonist within 12 hours, an indication of an opioid-related adverse event",
"purpose" : "UNKNOWN",
"usage" : "Qualifying encounters (denominator) include all patients 18 years of age or older at the start of the encounter with at least one opioid medication administered outside of the operating room.\n\nTo create the numerator:\n \n1. First, start with those encounters meeting denominator criteria\n\n2. Next, remove all events where an opioid or opioid antagonist was administered in the operating \nroom. \n\nOpioid antagonist administrations in the operating room are excluded because they could be part of the sedation plan as administered by an anesthesiologist. Encounters that include use of opioid antagonists for procedures and recovery outside of the operating room (e.g., bone marrow biopsy and PACU) are included in the numerator, as it would indicate the patient was over-sedated. Note that should a facility not utilize temporary patient locations, alternative times may be used to determine whether a patient is in the operating room during opioid antagonist administration. Since anesthesia end time could represent the time the anesthesiologist signed off, and thus may include the patient’s time in the PACU, this should be avoided. \n\n3. Next, remove all events where the opioid antagonist was administered via an enteral route. Only opioid antagonists given by a non-enteral (i.e., intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal, inhalation) route are considered.\n\n4. Finally, remove all administrations of opioid antagonists that were given greater than 12 hours following hospital administration of an opioid medication.\n\nThis eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each inpatient hospitalization or encounter that ends during the measurement period.\n\nThis FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS819v3.\n\nPlease refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide(https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core4.1.1 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU4.1.1/qdm-to-qicore.html).",
"copyright" : "Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. American Institutes for Research(R), formerly IMPAQ International, disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications.\n\nLOINC(R) copyright 2004-2023 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2023 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2023 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.",
"effectivePeriod" : {
"start" : "2025-01-01",
"end" : "2025-12-31"
},
"author" : [
{
"name" : "American Institutes for Research (AIR)",
"telecom" : [
{
"system" : "url",
"value" : "https://www.air.org"
}
]
}
],
"library" : [
🔗 "https://madie.cms.gov/Library/HospitalHarmOpioidRelatedAdverseEventsFHIR"
],
"disclaimer" : "This performance measure is not a clinical guideline, does not establish a standard of medical care and has not been tested for all potential applications.\n\nTHE MEASURES AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.\n\nDue to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].",
"scoring" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring",
"code" : "proportion",
"display" : "Proportion"
}
]
},
"rationale" : "Opioids are often the foundation for sedation and pain relief. Opioid-based analgesia continues to be the most commonly used treatment in postoperative pain management, with more than 95% of surgical patients receiving opioids during their hospitalization (Baker et al., 2020). However, use of opioids can also lead to serious adverse events, including constipation, over sedation, delirium, and respiratory depression (Urman, 2021a). Opioid-related adverse events (ORADE) have both patient-level and financial implications. The presence of an ORADE was associated with a 55% longer postoperative length of stay, 29% lower odds of discharge home, and 2.9 times the odds of death (Urman, 2021b). For surgical patients, occurrence of opioid-related adverse events was associated with an increase of 1.6 days in LOS and $8225 more in cost for the index hospitalization. Patients who experienced ORADEs while in a hospitalized setting were more likely to have received a higher total dose of opioids during hospitalization (Cone et al., 2023; Shafi et al., 2018). Numerous studies report the additive (risk-adjusted) hospitalization cost burden of surgical patients with ORADEs to be between $4350–$8225, representing a 27–47% increase in (risk-adjusted) admission costs (Khanna et al., 2021).\n\nMost opioid-related adverse events are preventable. Each year, adverse drug events (ADE) account for nearly 700,000 emergency department visits and 100,000 hospitalizations (AHRQ, 2019). An estimated one-third of all adverse events that occur in the inpatient setting are adverse drug events (ODPHP, 2020). Additionally, in a closed-claims analysis, 97% of adverse events were judged preventable with better monitoring and response (Lee et al., 2015). Naloxone administration is often used as an indicator of a severe opioid-related adverse event, and implementation of this measure can advance safe use of opioids in hospitals and prevent these serious and potentially lethal adverse drug events.",
"clinicalRecommendationStatement" : "Naloxone is an opioid reversal agent typically used for severe opioid-related adverse events. Naloxone administration has been used in a number of studies as an indicator of opioid-related adverse events (Yiu, et al., 2022; Lynn et al., 2017; Nwulu et al., 2013).\n\nFrom Section 10 of the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (Lavonas et al., 2015), the following recommendation is listed for use of naloxone:\n\nNaloxone is a potent opioid receptor antagonist in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal system. Naloxone has an excellent safety profile and can rapidly reverse central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory depression in a patient with an opioid-associated resuscitative emergency.\n\n2020 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation continue to recommend naloxone for a patient with suspected opioid overdose who has a definite pulse but no normal breathing or only gasping (i.e., a respiratory arrest), in addition to providing standard Pediatric Basic Life Support (PBLS) or Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS), it is reasonable for responders to administer intramuscular or intranasal naloxone. These recommendations are identical for adults.\n\nIn February 2022, FDA approved its abbreviated new drug application for nalmefene hydrochloride injection, 2mg/2mL (1mg/1mL). Nalmefene is an opioid antagonist indicated for the complete or partial reversal of opioid drug effects, including respiratory depression, induced by either natural or synthetic opioids, and in the management of known or suspected opioid overdose (FDA, 2022). In contrast to naloxone, the long half-life of nalmefene is similar to or greater than that of many opioid receptor agonists (Britch et al., 2022), which could decrease the need for repeat drug administration. In May 2023, FDA approved nalmefene hydrochloride nasal spray that delivers 2.7 milligrams (mg) of nalmefene into the nasal cavity.",
"group" : [
{
"id" : "6501fc94da013638e7b3dc06",
"extension" : [
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-scoring",
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring",
"code" : "proportion",
"display" : "Proportion"
}
]
}
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-populationBasis",
"valueCode" : "Encounter"
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-type",
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-type",
"code" : "outcome",
"display" : "Outcome"
}
]
}
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-rateAggregation",
"valueCode" : "None"
},
{
"url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-improvementNotation",
"valueCodeableConcept" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-improvement-notation",
"code" : "decrease",
"display" : "decrease"
}
]
}
}
],
"population" : [
{
"id" : "1C6E5BCB-BD38-4BEF-8350-8E166D397587",
"code" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
"code" : "initial-population",
"display" : "Initial Population"
}
]
},
"description" : "Inpatient hospitalizations for patients age 18 years and older during which at least one opioid medication was administered outside of the operating room",
"criteria" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "Initial Population"
}
},
{
"id" : "607CB430-D084-45B0-BDEB-B321419D25DC",
"code" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
"code" : "denominator",
"display" : "Denominator"
}
]
},
"description" : "Equals Initial Population",
"criteria" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "Denominator"
}
},
{
"id" : "85A98C8D-BA1B-44A8-B7B4-F15D0D005472",
"code" : {
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population",
"code" : "numerator",
"display" : "Numerator"
}
]
},
"description" : "Inpatient hospitalizations where an opioid antagonist was administered outside of the operating room and within 12 hours following an opioid medication administered outside of the operating room. The route of administration of the opioid antagonist must be by intranasal spray, inhalation, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection.\n\nOnly one numerator event is counted per encounter.",
"criteria" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "Numerator"
}
}
]
}
],
"supplementalData" : [
{
"id" : "sde-ethnicity",
"usage" : [
{
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
"code" : "supplemental-data"
}
]
}
],
"description" : "SDE Ethnicity",
"criteria" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "SDE Ethnicity"
}
},
{
"id" : "sde-payer",
"usage" : [
{
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
"code" : "supplemental-data"
}
]
}
],
"description" : "SDE Payer",
"criteria" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "SDE Payer"
}
},
{
"id" : "sde-race",
"usage" : [
{
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
"code" : "supplemental-data"
}
]
}
],
"description" : "SDE Race",
"criteria" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "SDE Race"
}
},
{
"id" : "sde-sex",
"usage" : [
{
"coding" : [
{
"system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage",
"code" : "supplemental-data"
}
]
}
],
"description" : "SDE Sex",
"criteria" : {
"language" : "text/cql-identifier",
"expression" : "SDE Sex"
}
}
]
}
IG © 2023+ cqframework. Package gov.healthit.ecqi.ecqms#2024.0.0 based on FHIR 4.0.1. Generated 2024-11-07
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