dQM QICore Content Implementation Guide
2025.0.0 - CI Build
dQM QICore Content Implementation Guide, published by cqframework. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 2025.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/cqframework/dqm-content-qicore-2025/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
Official URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Measure/CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified | Version: 1.0.000 | |||
Active as of 2025-08-22 | Responsible: American Society of Clinical Oncology | Computable Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified | ||
Other Identifiers: Short Name: CMS157FHIR (use: usual, ), UUID:b7b487bf-bc27-48c9-994f-6d095ff84500 (use: official, ), UUID:0f0317d4-38c3-4b87-b0a9-9b74aaa9a466 (use: official, ), Endorser: 0384e (use: official, ), Publisher: 157FHIR (use: official, ) | ||||
Copyright/Legal: Copyright 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All Rights Reserved. |
Percentage of patient visits, regardless of patient age, with a diagnosis of cancer currently receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy in which pain intensity is quantified
Metadata | |
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Title | Oncology: Medical and Radiation Pain Intensity QuantifiedFHIR |
Version | 1.0.000 |
Short Name | CMS157FHIR |
GUID (Version Independent) | urn:uuid:b7b487bf-bc27-48c9-994f-6d095ff84500 |
GUID (Version Specific) | urn:uuid:0f0317d4-38c3-4b87-b0a9-9b74aaa9a466 |
CMS Identifier | 157FHIR |
CMS Consensus Based Entity Identifier | 0384e |
Effective Period | 2026-01-01 through 2026-12-31 |
Steward (Publisher) | American Society of Clinical Oncology |
Developer | American Society of Clinical Oncology |
Description | Percentage of patient visits, regardless of patient age, with a diagnosis of cancer currently receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy in which pain intensity is quantified |
Copyright | Copyright 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All Rights Reserved. |
Disclaimer | The Measure is not a clinical guideline, does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. The Measure, while copyrighted, can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes, e.g., use by health care providers in connection with their practices. Commercial use is defined as the sale, license, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. Commercial uses of the Measure require a license agreement between the user and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and prior written approval of ASCO. Contact measurement@asco.org for licensing this measure. Neither ASCO nor its members shall be responsible for any use of the Measure. The PCPI’s and American Medical Association’s significant past efforts and contributions to the development and updating of the Measures are acknowledged. ASCO is solely responsible for the review and enhancement ("Maintenance") of the Measure as of June 2020. ASCO encourages the use of the Measure by other health care professionals, where appropriate. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Limited proprietary coding may be contained in the Measure specifications for convenience. A license agreement must be entered prior to a third party’s use of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT[R]) or other proprietary code set contained in the Measures. Any other use of CPT or other coding by the third party is strictly prohibited. ASCO and its members disclaim all liability for use or accuracy of any CPT or other coding contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2024 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2024 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 is copyright 2024 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R]. |
Rationale | Pain is a commonly occurring symptom for cancer patients as 30% to 50% (510,000 to 850,000 each year based on current statistics) will experience moderate to severe pain (Wiffen, Wee, Derry, Bell, & Moore, 2017). Initial and ongoing pain assessments are essential to determine the pathophysiology of pain and ensure proper pain management. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN, 2024), undertreatment of pain remains a problem among a significant subset of cancer patients, survival is linked with symptom control and pain management, and pain management contributes to broad quality of life improvement. Furthermore, NCCN notes that formal pain reevaluation is required at each contact to ensure that pain management therapies are successfully meeting patient-specific goals for comfort, function, and safety. Cancer patients have reported that pain interferes with their mood, work, relationships with other people, sleep and overall enjoyment of life (Moryl et al., 2018). Pain management is an essential part of oncologic management and contributes to a patient’s overall function and quality of life (NCCN, 2024). A recent analysis of registry data for chronic pain cancer patients found average pain intensity reported as mild (24.6% of patients), moderate (41.5%), and severe (33.9%). The study also indicated that patient report of pain relief is inversely related to the average pain intensity reported (Moryl et al., 2018). These data suggest that assessing and managing a cancer patient’s pain is critical and there remains significant room for improvement in assessing and mitigating cancer-related pain. A prospective study of changes in pain severity of cancer patients found that, at initial assessment, 47% of patients reported pain. At follow-up, the patients with pain at initial assessment reported reduced pain (32.2%), stable pain (48.2%) and worse pain (19.6%). Of the 53% of patients reporting no pain at initial assessment, 82.6% reported stable pain and 17.4% reported worse pain at follow-up assessment (Zhao et al., 2014). This study highlights the importance of initial and ongoing assessments of pain to identify gaps and ensure proper pain management. |
Clinical Recommendation Statement |
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Citation | Moryl, N., Dave, V., Glare, P., Bokhari, A., Malhotra, V. T., Gulati, A., … Inturrisi, C. E. (2018). Patient-Reported Outcomes and Opioid Use by Outpatient Cancer Patients. The Journal of Pain: official journal of the American Pain Society, 19(3), 278–290. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.11.001 |
Citation | National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). (2024). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Adult Cancer Pain Version 2.2024. Retrieved from http://www.nccn.org |
Citation | Wiffen, P. J., Wee, B., Derry, S., Bell, R. F., & Moore, R. A. (2017). Opioids for cancer pain - an overview of Cochrane reviews. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 7(7), CD012592. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012592.pub2 |
Citation | Zhao, F., Chang, V. T., Cleeland, C., Cleary, J. F., Mitchell, E. P., Wagner, L. I., & Fisch, M. J. (2014). Determinants of pain severity changes in ambulatory patients with cancer: an analysis from Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial E2Z02. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 32(4), 312–319. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.50.6071 |
Guidance (Usage) | This eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each eligible encounter for patients with a diagnosis of cancer who are also currently receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy during the measurement period. For patients receiving radiation therapy, pain intensity should be quantified at each radiation treatment management encounter where the patient and physician have a face-to-face interaction. Due to the nature of some applicable coding related to radiation therapy (e.g., delivered in multiple fractions), the billing date for certain codes may or may not be the same as the face-to-face encounter date. In this instance, for the reporting purposes of this measure, the billing date should be used to pull the appropriate patients into the initial population. It is expected, though, that the numerator criteria would be performed at the time of the actual face-to-face encounter during the series of treatments. A lookback (retrospective) period of 7 days, including the billing date, may be used to identify the actual face-to-face encounter, which is required to assess the numerator. Therefore, pain intensity should be quantified during the face-to-face encounter occurring on the actual billing date or within the 6 days prior to the billing date. For patients receiving chemotherapy, pain intensity should be quantified at each face-to-face or telehealth encounter with the physician while the patient is currently receiving chemotherapy. For purposes of identifying eligible encounters, patients "currently receiving chemotherapy" refers to patients administered chemotherapy on the same day as the encounter or during the 30 days before the date of the encounter AND during the 30 days after the date of the encounter. Pain intensity should be quantified using a standard instrument, such as a 0-10 numerical rating scale, visual analog scale, a categorical scale, or pictorial scale. Examples include the Faces Pain Rating Scale and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). This FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS157v14. Please refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core STU6 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/qdm-to-qicore.html). |
Measure Group (Rate) (ID: Group_1) | |
Summary | Percentage of patient visits, regardless of patient age, with a diagnosis of cancer currently receiving chemotherapy in which pain intensity is quantified |
Basis | Encounter |
Scoring | [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring#proportion: 'Proportion'] |
Type | [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-type#process: 'Process'] |
Rate Aggregation | This measure is intended to have one reporting rate, which aggregates the following populations into a single performance rate for reporting purposes:
For the purposes of this measure, a single performance rate can be calculated as follows: Performance Rate = (Numerator 1 + Numerator 2)/ (Denominator 1 + Denominator 2) |
Improvement Notation | [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-improvement-notation#increase: 'Increased score indicates improvement'] |
Initial Population |
ID: InitialPopulation_1
Description: All patient visits, regardless of patient age, with a diagnosis of cancer currently receiving chemotherapy Logic Definition: Initial Population 1 |
Denominator |
ID: Denominator_1
Description: Equals Initial Population Logic Definition: Denominator 1 |
Numerator |
ID: Numerator_1
Description: Patient visits in which pain intensity is quantified Logic Definition: Numerator 1 |
Measure Group (Rate) (ID: Group_2) | |
Summary | Percentage of patient visits, regardless of patient age, with a diagnosis of cancer currently receiving radiation therapy in which pain intensity is quantified |
Basis | Encounter |
Scoring | [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring#proportion: 'Proportion'] |
Type | [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-type#process: 'Process'] |
Rate Aggregation | This measure is intended to have one reporting rate, which aggregates the following populations into a single performance rate for reporting purposes:
For the purposes of this measure, a single performance rate can be calculated as follows: Performance Rate = (Numerator 1 + Numerator 2)/ (Denominator 1 + Denominator 2) |
Improvement Notation | [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-improvement-notation#increase: 'Increased score indicates improvement'] |
Initial Population |
ID: InitialPopulation_2
Description: All patient visits, regardless of patient age, with a diagnosis of cancer currently receiving radiation therapy Logic Definition: Initial Population 2 |
Denominator |
ID: Denominator_2
Description: Equals Initial Population Logic Definition: Denominator 2 |
Numerator |
ID: Numerator_2
Description: Patient visits in which pain intensity is quantified Logic Definition: Numerator 2 |
Supplemental Data Guidance | For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex |
Supplemental Data Elements | |
Supplemental Data Element |
ID: sde-ethnicity
Usage Code: [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage#supplemental-data] Description: SDE Ethnicity Logic Definition: SDE Ethnicity |
Supplemental Data Element |
ID: sde-payer
Usage Code: [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage#supplemental-data] Description: SDE Payer Logic Definition: SDE Payer |
Supplemental Data Element |
ID: sde-race
Usage Code: [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage#supplemental-data] Description: SDE Race Logic Definition: SDE Race |
Supplemental Data Element |
ID: sde-sex
Usage Code: [http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage#supplemental-data] Description: SDE Sex Logic Definition: SDE Sex |
Measure Logic | |
Primary Library | https://madie.cms.gov/Library/CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
Contents |
Population Criteria
Logic Definitions Terminology Dependencies Data Requirements |
Population Criteria | |
Measure Group (Rate) (ID: Group_1) | |
Initial Population | |
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Denominator | |
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Numerator | |
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Measure Group (Rate) (ID: Group_2) | |
Initial Population | |
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Denominator | |
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Numerator | |
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Logic Definitions | |
Logic Definition | Library Name: SupplementalDataElements |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: SupplementalDataElements |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: SupplementalDataElements |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: SupplementalDataElements |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: CMS157FHIRPainIntensityQuantified |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: QICoreCommon |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: FHIRHelpers |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: FHIRHelpers |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: FHIRHelpers |
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Logic Definition | Library Name: FHIRHelpers |
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Terminology | |
Code System |
Description: Code system SNOMEDCT
Resource: http://snomed.info/sct Canonical URL: http://snomed.info/sct |
Code System |
Description: Code system CPT
Resource: http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt Canonical URL: http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt |
Value Set |
Description: Value set Radiation Treatment Management
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1026 Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1026 |
Value Set |
Description: Value set Cancer
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1010 Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1010 |
Value Set |
Description: Value set Office Visit
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001 Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001 |
Value Set |
Description: Value set Audio Visual Telehealth Encounter
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.1444.5.215 Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.1444.5.215 |
Value Set |
Description: Value set Chemotherapy Administration
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1027 Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1027 |
Value Set |
Description: Value set Standardized Pain Assessment Tool
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1028 Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1028 |
Value Set |
Description: Value set Payer Type
Resource: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591 Canonical URL: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591 |
Direct Reference Code |
Display: Male (finding)
Code: 248153007 System: http://snomed.info/sct |
Direct Reference Code |
Display: Female (finding)
Code: 248152002 System: http://snomed.info/sct |
Direct Reference Code |
Display: Radiation treatment management, 5 treatments
Code: 77427 System: http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt |
Dependencies | |
Dependency |
Description: QICore model information
Resource: http://hl7.org/fhir/Library/QICore-ModelInfo Canonical URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/Library/QICore-ModelInfo |
Dependency |
Description: Library SDE
Resource: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/SupplementalDataElements|5.1.000 Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/SupplementalDataElements|5.1.000 |
Dependency |
Description: Library FHIRHelpers
Resource: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000 Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.4.000 |
Dependency |
Description: Library QICoreCommon
Resource: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/QICoreCommon|4.0.000 Canonical URL: https://madie.cms.gov/Library/QICoreCommon|4.0.000 |
Data Requirements | |
Data Requirement |
Type: Patient
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-patient Must Support Elements: extension, birthDate, birthDate.value, url |
Data Requirement |
Type: Encounter
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter Must Support Elements: type, period, status, status.value Code Filter(s): Path: type ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1026 |
Data Requirement |
Type: Encounter
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter Must Support Elements: type, period, status, status.value Code Filter(s): Path: type ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001 |
Data Requirement |
Type: Encounter
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-encounter Must Support Elements: type, period, status, status.value Code Filter(s): Path: type ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.1444.5.215 |
Data Requirement |
Type: Condition
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-condition-problems-health-concerns Must Support Elements: code Code Filter(s): Path: code ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1010 |
Data Requirement |
Type: Condition
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-condition-encounter-diagnosis Must Support Elements: code Code Filter(s): Path: code ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1010 |
Data Requirement |
Type: Procedure
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-procedure Must Support Elements: code, performed, status, status.value Code Filter(s): Path: code ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1027 |
Data Requirement |
Type: Observation
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-observation-screening-assessment Must Support Elements: code, value, effective Code Filter(s): Path: code ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1028 |
Data Requirement |
Type: Coverage
Profile(s): http://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/StructureDefinition/qicore-coverage Must Support Elements: type, period Code Filter(s): Path: type ValueSet: http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591 |
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