臺灣長期照顧實作指引(TW LTC IG)
1.0.0 - STU 1.0.0

臺灣長期照顧實作指引(TW LTC IG), published by 經濟部產業發展署. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/Lorex/TWLongTermCare_IG_Build/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

## Resource Profile: 長期照顧－生命體徵

Official URL: http://ltc-ig.fhir.tw/StructureDefinition/LTCObservationVitalSigns | Version: 1.0.0
Active as of 2026-03-01 | Computable Name: LTCObservationVitalSigns

此 Profile 說明本 IG 如何進一步定義 FHIR 的 Observation Resource，以呈現長照機構住民的生命體徵資料。

Usages:

- Refer to this Profile: 長期照顧－一組生命徵象檢驗檢查
- Examples for this Profile: Observation/ltc-observation-blood-pressure-example
- CapabilityStatements using this Profile: 臺灣長期照顧實作指引 - 用戶端能力聲明 and 臺灣長期照顧實作指引 - 伺服端能力聲明

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

### Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Table
- Snapshot Table
- Statistics/References
- All

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationVitalSigns | 檢驗檢查，測量及簡單的判定。 Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vs-2
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered ｜ preliminary ｜ final ｜ amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼；應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念（concept）－參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
category:VSCat | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 檢驗檢查分類 Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
coding | S Σ | 1..* | Coding | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
system | S Σ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統（terminology system）的識別 Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code | S Σ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 Fixed Value: vital-signs
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 量測的生命體徵項目 Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
text | S Σ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法
subject | S Σ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 此生命體徵資料的量測對象
effective[x] | S Σ C | 1..1 |  | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 Constraints: vs-1
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
performer | S Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | 生命體徵量測值 Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): 用於記錄生命體徵的常用UCUM單元；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
component | S Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之（部分）檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 Constraints: vs-3
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 組成之檢驗檢查的型別（代碼／型別） Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查的名稱；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs.
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 為什麼缺少組成之檢驗檢查結果 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果（Observation.value[x]）缺少；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.status | Base | required | ObservationStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:VSCat | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.component.​value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
vs-1 | error | Observation.effective[x] | if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day | `$this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10`
vs-2 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
vs-3 | error | Observation.component | If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`

This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationVitalSigns

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation |  | 0..* | TWCoreObservationVitalSigns | 檢驗檢查，測量及簡單的判定。
code |  | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 量測的生命體徵項目
subject |  | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 此生命體徵資料的量測對象
value[x] |  | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period | 生命體徵量測值
Documentation for this format

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationVitalSigns | 檢驗檢查，測量及簡單的判定。 Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vs-2
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | 不重複的ID用以識別儲存在特定FHIR Server中的Observation紀錄，通常又稱為邏輯性ID。
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | 此Observation Resource的metadata
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則
language |  | 0..1 | code | 用以表述Observation Resource內容的語言。 Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): 人類語言；鼓勵使用CommonLanguages代碼表中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此代碼表，你也可使用其他代碼表的代碼或單純以文字表示。
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
Example Value: zh-TW
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Observation Resource之內容摘要以供人閱讀 This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | 檢驗檢查的識別碼，通常為業務目的所使用的識別碼，例如：檢驗序號或單號。
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest) | 依據的照護計畫／提議／醫令
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy) | 此檢驗檢查是哪個參照事件的一部分
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered ｜ preliminary ｜ final ｜ amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼；應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念（concept）－參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
category:VSCat | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 檢驗檢查分類 Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | S Σ | 1..* | Coding | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system | S Σ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統（terminology system）的識別 Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話
code | S Σ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 Fixed Value: vital-signs
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇？
text | Σ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 量測的生命體徵項目 Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
id |  | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID，以供資料項目間相互參照。
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
text | S Σ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法
subject | S Σ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 此生命體徵資料的量測對象
focus | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | 當檢驗檢查並非有關於與病人本身，檢驗檢查是關於什麼。
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Encounter) | 檢驗檢查是哪一次就醫時執行的
effective[x] | S Σ C | 1..1 |  | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 Constraints: vs-1
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | 此版本檢驗檢查完成的日期或時間
performer | S Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | 生命體徵量測值 Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): 用於記錄生命體徵的常用UCUM單元；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 高、低、正常等 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查結果的解釋；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
note |  | 0..* | Annotation | 關於此檢驗檢查之解說
bodySite |  | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 接受檢驗檢查的身體部位。此為SNOMED CT代碼，若機構已有購買相關授權，亦可使用。 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible): 代碼說明解剖學位置，可能包含側邊；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
method |  | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 此檢驗檢查使用何種方法完成 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible): 檢驗檢查的方法；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
specimen |  | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Specimen) | 此檢驗檢查的檢體
device |  | 0..1 | Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) | （測量）設備
referenceRange | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 解釋結果值的指引。 obs-3：必須至少有低、高或文字表述。 Constraints: obs-3
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的下限值，如果相關。
high | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的上限值，如果相關。
type |  | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 參考範圍值的限定詞 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): 用以表述參考範圍值之含意的代碼；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
appliesTo |  | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 參考範圍值是用適用的對象或人口群 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): 用以指明參考範圍值適用的對象或人口群之代碼；可參考所綁定代碼表，但此代碼表只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的示例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此代碼表的代碼代碼表中的代碼。
age |  | 0..1 | Range | 適用的年齡範圍值，如果相關。
text |  | 0..1 | string | 檢驗檢查中以文字表述的參考範圍值
hasMember | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Vital Signs | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Vital Signs | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量
component | S Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之（部分）檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 Constraints: vs-3
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 組成之檢驗檢查的型別（代碼／型別） Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查的名稱；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs.
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 為什麼缺少組成之檢驗檢查結果 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果（Observation.value[x]）缺少；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 高、低、正常等。 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 用以指明檢驗檢查的解釋之代碼。應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
referenceRange |  | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | 解釋此組成之檢驗驗查的結果值之指引
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.status | Base | required | ObservationStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:VSCat | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite | Base | extensible | SNOMED CT Body Structures | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.method | Base | extensible | Observation Methods | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo | Base | example | Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.component.​value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text | `low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
vs-1 | error | Observation.effective[x] | if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day | `$this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10`
vs-2 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
vs-3 | error | Observation.component | If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`

This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationVitalSigns

Summary

Key Elements View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationVitalSigns | 檢驗檢查，測量及簡單的判定。 Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vs-2
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered ｜ preliminary ｜ final ｜ amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼；應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念（concept）－參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
category:VSCat | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 檢驗檢查分類 Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
coding | S Σ | 1..* | Coding | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
system | S Σ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統（terminology system）的識別 Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code | S Σ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 Fixed Value: vital-signs
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 量測的生命體徵項目 Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
text | S Σ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法
subject | S Σ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 此生命體徵資料的量測對象
effective[x] | S Σ C | 1..1 |  | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 Constraints: vs-1
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
performer | S Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | 生命體徵量測值 Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): 用於記錄生命體徵的常用UCUM單元；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
component | S Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之（部分）檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 Constraints: vs-3
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 組成之檢驗檢查的型別（代碼／型別） Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查的名稱；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs.
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 為什麼缺少組成之檢驗檢查結果 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果（Observation.value[x]）缺少；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.status | Base | required | ObservationStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:VSCat | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.component.​value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
vs-1 | error | Observation.effective[x] | if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day | `$this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10`
vs-2 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
vs-3 | error | Observation.component | If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`

Differential View

This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationVitalSigns

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation |  | 0..* | TWCoreObservationVitalSigns | 檢驗檢查，測量及簡單的判定。
code |  | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 量測的生命體徵項目
subject |  | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 此生命體徵資料的量測對象
value[x] |  | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period | 生命體徵量測值
Documentation for this format

Snapshot View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | TWCoreObservationVitalSigns | 檢驗檢查，測量及簡單的判定。 Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vs-2
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | 不重複的ID用以識別儲存在特定FHIR Server中的Observation紀錄，通常又稱為邏輯性ID。
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | 此Observation Resource的metadata
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | 創建此內容所依據的一組規則
language |  | 0..1 | code | 用以表述Observation Resource內容的語言。 Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): 人類語言；鼓勵使用CommonLanguages代碼表中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此代碼表，你也可使用其他代碼表的代碼或單純以文字表示。
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
Example Value: zh-TW
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Observation Resource之內容摘要以供人閱讀 This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?! | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | Σ | 0..* | Identifier | 檢驗檢查的識別碼，通常為業務目的所使用的識別碼，例如：檢驗序號或單號。
basedOn | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | TW Core MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | TW Core ServiceRequest) | 依據的照護計畫／提議／醫令
partOf | Σ | 0..* | Reference(MedicationAdministration | TW Core MedicationDispense | TW Core MedicationStatement | TW Core Procedure | TW Core Immunization | TW Core ImagingStudy) | 此檢驗檢查是哪個參照事件的一部分
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered ｜ preliminary ｜ final ｜ amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): 檢驗檢查的狀態代碼；應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
Slices for category | S | 1..* | CodeableConceptTW | 概念（concept）－參照一個專門術語或只是純文字。 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:coding.code, value:coding.system Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
category:VSCat | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 檢驗檢查分類 Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): 高層次的檢驗檢查分類；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | S Σ | 1..* | Coding | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system | S Σ | 1..1 | uri | 專門術語系統（terminology system）的識別 Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version | Σ | 0..1 | string | 系統的版本—如果相關的話
code | S Σ | 1..1 | code | 系統定義的語法之符號 Fixed Value: vital-signs
display | Σ | 0..1 | string | 由系統定義的表示法
userSelected | Σ | 0..1 | boolean | 此編碼是否由使用者直接選擇？
text | Σ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 量測的生命體徵項目 Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 應填入所綁定值集中的其中一個代碼。
id |  | 0..1 | string | 唯一可識別ID，以供資料項目間相互參照。
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | 擴充的資料項目 Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
coding | S | 0..* | CodingTW | 由專門術語系統（terminology system）定義的代碼
text | S Σ | 0..1 | string | 概念的文字表示法
subject | S Σ | 1..1 | Reference(TW Core Patient) | 此生命體徵資料的量測對象
focus | Σ | 0..* | Reference(Resource) | 當檢驗檢查並非有關於與病人本身，檢驗檢查是關於什麼。
encounter | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Encounter) | 檢驗檢查是哪一次就醫時執行的
effective[x] | S Σ C | 1..1 |  | 檢驗檢查執行日期或時間區間 Constraints: vs-1
effectiveDateTime |  |  | dateTime S |
effectivePeriod |  |  | Period |
issued | Σ | 0..1 | instant | 此版本檢驗檢查完成的日期或時間
performer | S Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Practitioner | TW Core Organization | TW Core Patient | TW Core PractitionerRole | TW Core CareTeam) | 誰負責這項檢驗檢查
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | 生命體徵量測值 Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): 用於記錄生命體徵的常用UCUM單元；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 缺少檢驗檢查結果的原因 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼具體說明檢驗檢查結果缺少的原因；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 高、低、正常等 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查結果的解釋；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
note |  | 0..* | Annotation | 關於此檢驗檢查之解說
bodySite |  | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 接受檢驗檢查的身體部位。此為SNOMED CT代碼，若機構已有購買相關授權，亦可使用。 Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (extensible): 代碼說明解剖學位置，可能包含側邊；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
method |  | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 此檢驗檢查使用何種方法完成 Binding: ObservationMethods (extensible): 檢驗檢查的方法；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
specimen |  | 0..1 | Reference(TW Core Specimen) | 此檢驗檢查的檢體
device |  | 0..1 | Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) | （測量）設備
referenceRange | C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 解釋結果值的指引。 obs-3：必須至少有低、高或文字表述。 Constraints: obs-3
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的下限值，如果相關。
high | C | 0..1 | SimpleQuantity | 參考範圍值的上限值，如果相關。
type |  | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 參考範圍值的限定詞 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): 用以表述參考範圍值之含意的代碼；鼓勵使用所綁定值集中的代碼，但不強制一定要使用此值集，你也可使用其他值集的代碼或單純以文字表示。
appliesTo |  | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 參考範圍值是用適用的對象或人口群 Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): 用以指明參考範圍值適用的對象或人口群之代碼；可參考所綁定代碼表，但此代碼表只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的示例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此代碼表的代碼代碼表中的代碼。
age |  | 0..1 | Range | 適用的年齡範圍值，如果相關。
text |  | 0..1 | string | 檢驗檢查中以文字表述的參考範圍值
hasMember | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core Observation Vital Signs | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) | 屬於此組檢驗檢查的相關Resource
derivedFrom | Σ | 0..* | Reference(TW Core DocumentReference | TW Core ImagingStudy | TW Core Media | TW Core QuestionnaireResponse | TW Core Observation Vital Signs | MolecularSequence) | 檢驗檢查源自哪些相關測量
component | S Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | 組成之（部分）檢驗檢查的檢驗結果 Constraints: vs-3
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 組成之檢驗檢查的型別（代碼／型別） Binding: LOINC生命體徵值集 (extensible): 代碼指明檢驗檢查的名稱；可參考所綁定值集，但此值集只是針對這個欄位的一個可能值的範例，不預期也不鼓勵使用者一定要使用此值集的代碼。
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Vital Sign Value recorded with UCUM Binding: VitalSignsUnits (extensible): Common UCUM units for recording Vital Signs.
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity S |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
dataAbsentReason | S | 0..1 | CodeableConceptTW | 為什麼缺少組成之檢驗檢查結果 Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): 代碼指明為什麼結果（Observation.value[x]）缺少；應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConceptTW | 高、低、正常等。 Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): 用以指明檢驗檢查的解釋之代碼。應填入所綁定值集中適合的代碼，確定無適合的代碼才可以使用其他值集的代碼來表示。
referenceRange |  | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | 解釋此組成之檢驗驗查的結果值之指引
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.language | Base | preferred | Common Languages | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.status | Base | required | ObservationStatus | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.category:VSCat | Base | preferred | Observation Category Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite | Base | extensible | SNOMED CT Body Structures | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.method | Base | extensible | Observation Methods | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo | Base | example | Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | extensible | LOINC生命體徵值集 | 📦0.3.0 | 臺灣核心實作指引 v0.3
Observation.component.​value[x] | Base | extensible | Vital Signs Units | 📍4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | DataAbsentReason | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📦4.0.1 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-3 | error | Observation.referenceRange | Must have at least a low or a high or text | `low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
vs-1 | error | Observation.effective[x] | if Observation.effective[x] is dateTime and has a value then that value shall be precise to the day | `$this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10`
vs-2 | error | Observation | If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present. | `(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())`
vs-3 | error | Observation.component | If there is no a value a data absent reason must be present | `value.exists() or dataAbsentReason.exists()`

This structure is derived from TWCoreObservationVitalSigns

Summary

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron