US Quality Core Implementation Guide
1.0.0-ballot - STU 1 - ballot United States of America flag

US Quality Core Implementation Guide, published by HL7 International / Clinical Quality Information. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0-ballot built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/fhir-us-quality-core/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: US Quality Core Laboratory Result Observation

Official URL: http://hl7.org/fhir/us/quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-observation-lab Version: 1.0.0-ballot
Standards status: Trial-use Maturity Level: 4 Computable Name: USQualityCoreObservationLab
Other Identifiers: OID:2.16.840.1.113883.4.642.40.78.42.36

The US Quality Core Laboratory Result Observation Profile is based upon the US Laboratory Result Observation Resource. Defines the core set of elements and extensions for quality rule and measure authors.

USCDI+ Quality Element Support Expectations

Systems are expected to support this profile as part of implementing USCDI+ Quality V2 in FHIR and meeting the conformance requirements of this guide.

The following elements are specifically relevant to USCDI+ Quality V2 data classes and elements. Systems are expected to support these elements as applicable to their role in US Quality Core data exchange. See the Must Support section of this guide for more information. These elements are flagged as (USCDI+ Quality) in the formal profile views.

USCDI+ Quality Elements:

Profile element Description USCDI+ Quality Data Element(s)
category Classification of type of observation Laboratory: Tests
category:us-core Classification of type of observation Laboratory: Tests
code Laboratory Test Name Laboratory: Tests
effective[x] Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation Laboratory: Specimen Collection Date and Time
interpretation High, low, normal, etc. Laboratory: Result Interpretation
issued Date/Time this version was made available Laboratory: Laboratory Result Report Date and Time
performer Who is responsible for the observation Provenance: Author
referenceRange Result reference range Laboratory: Result Reference Range
specimen Specimen used for this observation Laboratory: Specimen Condition Acceptability, Laboratory: Specimen Identifier, Laboratory: Specimen Source Site, Laboratory: Specimen Type, Laboratory: Specimen Collection Date and Time
status registered | preliminary | final | amended | corrected | cancelled | entered-in-error | unknown Laboratory: Result Status
value[x] Result Value Laboratory: Result Unit of Measure, Laboratory: Values/Results

Because this profile is derived directly or indirectly from US Core, systems are also expected to support the Must Support and Additional USCDI requirements specified by the US Core profile this profile inherits from. For more information about those requirements, refer to the US Core Laboratory Result Observation Profile. The Formal Views section also provides the formal summary, definitions, terminology requirements, and mandatory element requirements.

Usages:

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description Differentials, Snapshots, and other representations.

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Observation C 0..* USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile(9.0.0) Measurements and simple assertions
Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
... meta SΣ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... lastUpdated SΣ 0..1 instant When the resource last changed
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... Slices for category S 1..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
.... category:us-core S 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required)

Required Pattern: At least the following
..... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
..... coding 1..* Coding Code defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (Complex)
...... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
...... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
...... system 1..1 uri Identity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
...... version 0..1 string Version of the system - if relevant
...... code 1..1 code Symbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: laboratory
...... display 0..1 string Representation defined by the system
...... userSelected 0..1 boolean If this coding was chosen directly by the user
..... text 0..1 string Plain text representation of the concept
... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Laboratory Test Name
Binding: US Core Laboratory Test Codes (extensible): Laboratory LOINC Codes
... subject SΣ 1..1 Reference(US Quality Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(US Quality Core Encounter) Encounter associated with Observation
... effective[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
Constraints: us-core-1
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime S
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... issued Σ 0..1 instant (USCDI+ Quality) Date/Time this version was made available
... performer SΣ 0..* Reference(US Core Practitioner Profile S | US Core Organization Profile | US Core Patient Profile | PractitionerRole | US Core CareTeam Profile | US Core RelatedPerson Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Result Value
Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4
.... valueQuantity Quantity S
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept S
.... valueString string S
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
... interpretation S 0..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
... specimen S 0..1 Reference(US Core Specimen Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Specimen used for this observation
... referenceRange SC 0..* BackboneElement (USCDI+ Quality) Result reference range
Constraints: obs-3, us-core-22
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Observation.status Base required ObservationStatus 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category Base preferred Observation Category Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category:us-core Base required US Core Clinical Result Observation Category 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.code Base extensible US Core Laboratory Test Codes 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason Base extensible DataAbsentReason 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Observation A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3 error Observation.referenceRange Must have at least a low or a high or text low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6 error Observation dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7 error Observation If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
us-core-1 error Observation.effective[x] Datetime must be at least to day. $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2 error Observation If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3 error Observation.value[x] The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4 best practice Observation.value[x] SHOULD use SNOMED CT for coded Results ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or (ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system contains 'http://snomed.info/sct')
us-core-22 error Observation.referenceRange The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. (low.system.empty() or low.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org') and (high.system.empty() or high.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org')

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Observation 0..* USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile(9.0.0) Measurements and simple assertions
... status 1..1 code (USCDI+ Quality) registered | preliminary | final | amended | corrected | cancelled | entered-in-error | unknown
... category 1..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
... Slices for category Content/Rules for all slices
.... category:us-core 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required)
... subject 1..1 Reference(US Quality Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
... encounter 0..1 Reference(US Quality Core Encounter) Encounter associated with Observation
... effective[x] 0..1 dateTime, Period, Timing, instant (USCDI+ Quality) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
... issued 0..1 instant (USCDI+ Quality) Date/Time this version was made available
... performer 0..* Reference(US Core Practitioner Profile | US Core Organization Profile | US Core Patient Profile | PractitionerRole | US Core CareTeam Profile | US Core RelatedPerson Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] 0..1 Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period (USCDI+ Quality) Result Value
... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
... specimen 0..1 Reference(US Core Specimen Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Specimen used for this observation
... referenceRange 0..* BackboneElement (USCDI+ Quality) Result reference range

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Observation.category Base preferred Observation Category Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category:us-core Base required US Core Clinical Result Observation Category 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Observation C 0..* USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile(9.0.0) Measurements and simple assertions
Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta SΣ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... versionId Σ 0..1 id Version specific identifier
.... lastUpdated SΣ 0..1 instant When the resource last changed
.... source Σ 0..1 uri Identifies where the resource comes from
.... profile Σ 0..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to
.... security Σ 0..* Coding Security Labels applied to this resource
Binding: All Security Labels (extensible): Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.
.... tag Σ 0..* Coding Tags applied to this resource
Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1 code Language of the resource content
Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional BindingsPurpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Business Identifier for observation
... basedOn Σ 0..* Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) Fulfills plan, proposal or order
... partOf Σ 0..* Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy) Part of referenced event
... status ?!SΣ 1..1 code (USCDI+ Quality) registered | preliminary | final | amended | corrected | cancelled | entered-in-error | unknown
Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
... Slices for category S 1..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
.... category:us-core S 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required)

Required Pattern: At least the following
..... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
..... coding 1..* Coding Code defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (Complex)
...... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
...... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
...... system 1..1 uri Identity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
...... version 0..1 string Version of the system - if relevant
...... code 1..1 code Symbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: laboratory
...... display 0..1 string Representation defined by the system
...... userSelected 0..1 boolean If this coding was chosen directly by the user
..... text 0..1 string Plain text representation of the concept
... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Laboratory Test Name
Binding: US Core Laboratory Test Codes (extensible): Laboratory LOINC Codes
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... coding Σ 0..* Coding Code defined by a terminology system
.... text Σ 0..1 string 𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗨𝗦𝗖𝗗𝗜: The name of the test that was performed.
... subject SΣ 1..1 Reference(US Quality Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
... focus Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(US Quality Core Encounter) Encounter associated with Observation
... effective[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
Constraints: us-core-1
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime S
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... issued Σ 0..1 instant (USCDI+ Quality) Date/Time this version was made available
... performer SΣ 0..* Reference(US Core Practitioner Profile S | US Core Organization Profile | US Core Patient Profile | PractitionerRole | US Core CareTeam Profile | US Core RelatedPerson Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Result Value
Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4
.... valueQuantity Quantity S
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept S
.... valueString string S
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
... interpretation S 0..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
... note 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation
... bodySite 0..1 CodeableConcept Observed body part
Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
... method 0..1 CodeableConcept How it was done
Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
... specimen S 0..1 Reference(US Core Specimen Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Specimen used for this observation
... device 0..1 Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) (Measurement) Device
... referenceRange SC 0..* BackboneElement (USCDI+ Quality) Result reference range
Constraints: obs-3, us-core-22
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... low C 0..1 SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) Low Range, if relevant
.... high C 0..1 SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) High Range, if relevant
.... type 0..1 CodeableConcept Reference range qualifier
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
.... appliesTo 0..* CodeableConcept Reference range population
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
.... age 0..1 Range Applicable age range, if relevant
.... text 0..1 string Text based reference range in an observation
... hasMember Σ 0..* Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
... derivedFrom Σ 0..* Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence) Related measurements the observation is made from
... component Σ 0..* BackboneElement Component results
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... code Σ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of component observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
.... value[x] Σ 0..1 Actual component result
..... valueQuantity Quantity
..... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
..... valueString string
..... valueBoolean boolean
..... valueInteger integer
..... valueRange Range
..... valueRatio Ratio
..... valueSampledData SampledData
..... valueTime time
..... valueDateTime dateTime
..... valuePeriod Period
.... dataAbsentReason C 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the component result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
.... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
.... referenceRange 0..* See referenceRange (Observation) Provides guide for interpretation of component result

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Observation.meta.security Base extensible SecurityLabels 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.meta.tag Base example Common Tags 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.language Base preferred Common Languages 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.status Base required ObservationStatus 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category Base preferred Observation Category Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category:us-core Base required US Core Clinical Result Observation Category 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.code Base extensible US Core Laboratory Test Codes 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason Base extensible DataAbsentReason 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite Base example SNOMED CT Body Structures 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.method Base example Observation Methods 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type Base preferred Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo Base example Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code Base example LOINC Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason Base extensible DataAbsentReason 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Observation A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3 error Observation.referenceRange Must have at least a low or a high or text low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6 error Observation dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7 error Observation If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
us-core-1 error Observation.effective[x] Datetime must be at least to day. $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2 error Observation If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3 error Observation.value[x] The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4 best practice Observation.value[x] SHOULD use SNOMED CT for coded Results ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or (ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system contains 'http://snomed.info/sct')
us-core-22 error Observation.referenceRange The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. (low.system.empty() or low.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org') and (high.system.empty() or high.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org')

Key Elements View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Observation C 0..* USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile(9.0.0) Measurements and simple assertions
Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
... meta SΣ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... lastUpdated SΣ 0..1 instant When the resource last changed
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... Slices for category S 1..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
.... category:us-core S 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required)

Required Pattern: At least the following
..... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
..... coding 1..* Coding Code defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (Complex)
...... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
...... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
...... system 1..1 uri Identity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
...... version 0..1 string Version of the system - if relevant
...... code 1..1 code Symbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: laboratory
...... display 0..1 string Representation defined by the system
...... userSelected 0..1 boolean If this coding was chosen directly by the user
..... text 0..1 string Plain text representation of the concept
... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Laboratory Test Name
Binding: US Core Laboratory Test Codes (extensible): Laboratory LOINC Codes
... subject SΣ 1..1 Reference(US Quality Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(US Quality Core Encounter) Encounter associated with Observation
... effective[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
Constraints: us-core-1
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime S
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... issued Σ 0..1 instant (USCDI+ Quality) Date/Time this version was made available
... performer SΣ 0..* Reference(US Core Practitioner Profile S | US Core Organization Profile | US Core Patient Profile | PractitionerRole | US Core CareTeam Profile | US Core RelatedPerson Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Result Value
Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4
.... valueQuantity Quantity S
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept S
.... valueString string S
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
... interpretation S 0..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
... specimen S 0..1 Reference(US Core Specimen Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Specimen used for this observation
... referenceRange SC 0..* BackboneElement (USCDI+ Quality) Result reference range
Constraints: obs-3, us-core-22
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Observation.status Base required ObservationStatus 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category Base preferred Observation Category Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category:us-core Base required US Core Clinical Result Observation Category 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.code Base extensible US Core Laboratory Test Codes 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason Base extensible DataAbsentReason 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Observation A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3 error Observation.referenceRange Must have at least a low or a high or text low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6 error Observation dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7 error Observation If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
us-core-1 error Observation.effective[x] Datetime must be at least to day. $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2 error Observation If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3 error Observation.value[x] The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4 best practice Observation.value[x] SHOULD use SNOMED CT for coded Results ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or (ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system contains 'http://snomed.info/sct')
us-core-22 error Observation.referenceRange The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. (low.system.empty() or low.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org') and (high.system.empty() or high.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org')

Differential View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Observation 0..* USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile(9.0.0) Measurements and simple assertions
... status 1..1 code (USCDI+ Quality) registered | preliminary | final | amended | corrected | cancelled | entered-in-error | unknown
... category 1..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
... Slices for category Content/Rules for all slices
.... category:us-core 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required)
... subject 1..1 Reference(US Quality Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
... encounter 0..1 Reference(US Quality Core Encounter) Encounter associated with Observation
... effective[x] 0..1 dateTime, Period, Timing, instant (USCDI+ Quality) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
... issued 0..1 instant (USCDI+ Quality) Date/Time this version was made available
... performer 0..* Reference(US Core Practitioner Profile | US Core Organization Profile | US Core Patient Profile | PractitionerRole | US Core CareTeam Profile | US Core RelatedPerson Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] 0..1 Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period (USCDI+ Quality) Result Value
... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
... specimen 0..1 Reference(US Core Specimen Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Specimen used for this observation
... referenceRange 0..* BackboneElement (USCDI+ Quality) Result reference range

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Observation.category Base preferred Observation Category Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category:us-core Base required US Core Clinical Result Observation Category 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Snapshot ViewView

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Observation C 0..* USCoreLaboratoryResultObservationProfile(9.0.0) Measurements and simple assertions
Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, us-core-2
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta SΣ 0..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... versionId Σ 0..1 id Version specific identifier
.... lastUpdated SΣ 0..1 instant When the resource last changed
.... source Σ 0..1 uri Identifies where the resource comes from
.... profile Σ 0..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to
.... security Σ 0..* Coding Security Labels applied to this resource
Binding: All Security Labels (extensible): Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.
.... tag Σ 0..* Coding Tags applied to this resource
Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... language 0..1 code Language of the resource content
Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language.
Additional BindingsPurpose
AllLanguages Max Binding
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Business Identifier for observation
... basedOn Σ 0..* Reference(CarePlan | DeviceRequest | ImmunizationRecommendation | MedicationRequest | NutritionOrder | ServiceRequest) Fulfills plan, proposal or order
... partOf Σ 0..* Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy) Part of referenced event
... status ?!SΣ 1..1 code (USCDI+ Quality) registered | preliminary | final | amended | corrected | cancelled | entered-in-error | unknown
Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
... Slices for category S 1..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this
Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories.
.... category:us-core S 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Classification of type of observation
Binding: US Core Clinical Result Observation Category (required)

Required Pattern: At least the following
..... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
..... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
..... coding 1..* Coding Code defined by a terminology system
Fixed Value: (Complex)
...... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
...... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
...... system 1..1 uri Identity of the terminology system
Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
...... version 0..1 string Version of the system - if relevant
...... code 1..1 code Symbol in syntax defined by the system
Fixed Value: laboratory
...... display 0..1 string Representation defined by the system
...... userSelected 0..1 boolean If this coding was chosen directly by the user
..... text 0..1 string Plain text representation of the concept
... code SΣ 1..1 CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) Laboratory Test Name
Binding: US Core Laboratory Test Codes (extensible): Laboratory LOINC Codes
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... coding Σ 0..* Coding Code defined by a terminology system
.... text Σ 0..1 string 𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗨𝗦𝗖𝗗𝗜: The name of the test that was performed.
... subject SΣ 1..1 Reference(US Quality Core Patient) Who and/or what the observation is about
... focus Σ 0..* Reference(Resource) What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
... encounter SΣ 0..1 Reference(US Quality Core Encounter) Encounter associated with Observation
... effective[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
Constraints: us-core-1
.... effectiveDateTime dateTime S
.... effectivePeriod Period
.... effectiveTiming Timing
.... effectiveInstant instant
... issued Σ 0..1 instant (USCDI+ Quality) Date/Time this version was made available
... performer SΣ 0..* Reference(US Core Practitioner Profile S | US Core Organization Profile | US Core Patient Profile | PractitionerRole | US Core CareTeam Profile | US Core RelatedPerson Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Who is responsible for the observation
... value[x] SΣC 0..1 (USCDI+ Quality) Result Value
Constraints: us-core-3, us-core-4
.... valueQuantity Quantity S
.... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept S
.... valueString string S
.... valueBoolean boolean
.... valueInteger integer
.... valueRange Range
.... valueRatio Ratio
.... valueSampledData SampledData
.... valueTime time
.... valueDateTime dateTime
.... valuePeriod Period
... dataAbsentReason SC 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
... interpretation S 0..* CodeableConcept (USCDI+ Quality) High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
... note 0..* Annotation Comments about the observation
... bodySite 0..1 CodeableConcept Observed body part
Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
... method 0..1 CodeableConcept How it was done
Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations.
... specimen S 0..1 Reference(US Core Specimen Profile) (USCDI+ Quality) Specimen used for this observation
... device 0..1 Reference(Device | DeviceMetric) (Measurement) Device
... referenceRange SC 0..* BackboneElement (USCDI+ Quality) Result reference range
Constraints: obs-3, us-core-22
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... low C 0..1 SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) Low Range, if relevant
.... high C 0..1 SimpleQuantity(4.0.1) High Range, if relevant
.... type 0..1 CodeableConcept Reference range qualifier
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
.... appliesTo 0..* CodeableConcept Reference range population
Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
.... age 0..1 Range Applicable age range, if relevant
.... text 0..1 string Text based reference range in an observation
... hasMember Σ 0..* Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence) Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
... derivedFrom Σ 0..* Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence) Related measurements the observation is made from
... component Σ 0..* BackboneElement Component results
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... code Σ 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of component observation (code / type)
Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
.... value[x] Σ 0..1 Actual component result
..... valueQuantity Quantity
..... valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
..... valueString string
..... valueBoolean boolean
..... valueInteger integer
..... valueRange Range
..... valueRatio Ratio
..... valueSampledData SampledData
..... valueTime time
..... valueDateTime dateTime
..... valuePeriod Period
.... dataAbsentReason C 0..1 CodeableConcept Why the component result is missing
Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
.... interpretation 0..* CodeableConcept High, low, normal, etc.
Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
.... referenceRange 0..* See referenceRange (Observation) Provides guide for interpretation of component result

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Observation.meta.security Base extensible SecurityLabels 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.meta.tag Base example Common Tags 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.language Base preferred Common Languages 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.status Base required ObservationStatus 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category Base preferred Observation Category Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.category:us-core Base required US Core Clinical Result Observation Category 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.code Base extensible US Core Laboratory Test Codes 📦9.0.0 US Core v9.0
Observation.dataAbsentReason Base extensible DataAbsentReason 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite Base example SNOMED CT Body Structures 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.method Base example Observation Methods 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type Base preferred Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo Base example Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code Base example LOINC Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason Base extensible DataAbsentReason 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation Base extensible Observation Interpretation Codes 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Observation If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Observation If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Observation A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3 error Observation.referenceRange Must have at least a low or a high or text low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6 error Observation dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7 error Observation If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
us-core-1 error Observation.effective[x] Datetime must be at least to day. $this is dateTime implies $this.toString().length() >= 10
us-core-2 error Observation If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present (component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())
us-core-3 error Observation.value[x] The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
us-core-4 best practice Observation.value[x] SHOULD use SNOMED CT for coded Results ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system.empty() or (ofType(CodeableConcept).coding.system contains 'http://snomed.info/sct')
us-core-22 error Observation.referenceRange The system SHALL be UCUM for coded quantity units. (low.system.empty() or low.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org') and (high.system.empty() or high.system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org')

 

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron

Notes:

Element Conformance Indicators by Profile Layer

Badges identify the profile layer where each conformance indicator is first introduced. Indicators introduced in an earlier layer remain applicable in later derived profiles.

Element conformance indicators organized by the profile layer where they are first introduced
Profile element FHIR US Core US Quality Core
meta Must Support
meta.lastUpdated Must Support
status Mandatory Must Support USCDI+ Quality
category Mandatory Must Support USCDI+ Quality
category:us-core Mandatory Must Support USCDI+ Quality
code Mandatory Must Support USCDI+ Quality
code.text Additional USCDI
subject Mandatory Must Support
encounter Must Support
effective[x] Must Support USCDI+ Quality
issued USCDI+ Quality
performer Must Support USCDI+ Quality
value[x] Must Support USCDI+ Quality
dataAbsentReason Must Support
interpretation Must Support USCDI+ Quality
specimen Must Support USCDI+ Quality
referenceRange Must Support USCDI+ Quality
component.code Mandatory

Cardinality note: “Mandatory” means the element has a minimum cardinality greater than zero. For nested elements, the cardinality indicator applies when the containing element is present.

Mandatory US Quality Core Server Search Parameters

The searches below are the focused set identified by US Quality Core as needed to retrieve USCDI+ Quality data for quality measurement and reporting. See the US Core FHIR RESTful Search API Requirements for detailed information on requirements by search parameter type.

Because this profile derives directly or indirectly from US Core, servers SHALL also support all mandatory searches described in the US Core Server CapabilityStatement requirements for Observation. When possible, this guide reuses mandatory searches from US Core and notes them with the EXISTING US CORE REQUIREMENT flag. While US Quality Core may restate US Core requirements to highlight searches directly relevant to USCDI+ Quality data access, US Core requirements not restated here remain applicable.

See the US Quality Core Server CapabilityStatement for complete requirements for the underlying Observation resource and Search Requirement Selection for how this focused set was selected.

Servers supporting this profile SHALL support the following search parameters and search parameter combinations:

  1. SHALL support searching for all Observation resources for a patient using the combination of the patient, category, and status search parameters.

    • Including optional support for OR search on category (e.g.category={system|}[search_code],{system|}[search_code],...).

    • Including support for OR search on status (e.g.status=[status],[status],...).

    GET [base]/Observation?patient={Patient/}[id]&category={system|}[search_code]&status=[status]

    Example:

    GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/example&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|exam&status=final

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of US Quality Core Laboratory Result Observation resources matching the specified search criteria. See how to search by reference and how to search by token.

    Rationale for inclusion: Supports patient-scoped retrieval of Observation resources filtered by category and status for status-sensitive quality workflows.

  2. SHALL support searching for all Observation resources for a patient using the combination of the patient and category search parameters. EXISTING US CORE REQUIREMENT

    • Including optional support for OR search on category (e.g.category={system|}[search_code],{system|}[search_code],...).

    GET [base]/Observation?patient={Patient/}[id]&category={system|}[search_code]

    Example:

    GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/example&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|exam

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of US Quality Core Laboratory Result Observation resources matching the specified search criteria. See how to search by reference and how to search by token.

    Rationale for inclusion: Supports patient-scoped retrieval of Observation resources filtered by category for USCDI+ Quality workflows.

  3. SHALL support searching for all Observation resources for a patient using the combination of the patient, category, and date search parameters. EXISTING US CORE REQUIREMENT

    • Including optional support for OR search on category (e.g.category={system|}[search_code],{system|}[search_code],...).

    • Including optional support for AND search on date (e.g.date=[date]&date=[date]&...).

    • Including support for these date comparators: "gt", "lt", "ge", "le".

    GET [base]/Observation?patient={Patient/}[id]&category={system|}[search_code]&date={gt|lt|ge|le}[dateTime]

    Example:

    GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/example&category=http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category|exam&date=ge2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of US Quality Core Laboratory Result Observation resources matching the specified search criteria. See how to search by reference, how to search by token, and how to search by date.

    Rationale for inclusion: Supports patient-scoped retrieval of Observation resources filtered by category and date so quality workflows can constrain results to relevant reporting periods.

  4. SHALL support searching for all Observation resources for a patient using the combination of the patient and code search parameters. EXISTING US CORE REQUIREMENT

    • Including optional support for OR search on code (e.g.code={system|}[search_code],{system|}[search_code],...).

    GET [base]/Observation?patient={Patient/}[id]&code={system|}[search_code]

    Example:

    GET [base]/Observation?patient=Patient/example&code=http://loinc.org|8884-9

    Implementation Notes: Fetches a bundle of US Quality Core Laboratory Result Observation resources matching the specified search criteria. See how to search by reference and how to search by token.

    Rationale for inclusion: Supports patient-scoped retrieval of Observation resources filtered by code for USCDI+ Quality workflows.