define "Initial Population":
	Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt"(FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate), start of "Measurement Period") in Interval[50, 75]
			and exists AdultOutpatientEncounters."Qualifying Encounters"

define "Denominator":
	true

define "Denominator Exclusion":
	Hospice."Has Hospice"
		or exists "Malignant Neoplasm Ever"
		or exists "Total Colectomy Performed"

define "Numerator":
	exists "Colonoscopy Performed"
		or exists "Fecal Occult Blood Test Performed"
		or exists "Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed"
		or exists "Fecal Immunochemical Test DNA"
		or exists "CT Colonography Performed"

define "Qualifying Encounters":
  ([Encounter: "Office Visit"]
    union [Encounter: "Annual Wellness Visit"]
    union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
    union [Encounter: "Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"]
    union [Encounter: "Home Healthcare Services"]
  ) ValidEncounter
    where ValidEncounter.period during "Measurement Period"
      and ValidEncounter.status  = 'finished'

define "Has Hospice":
	exists (
    [Encounter: "Encounter Inpatient"] DischargeHospice
			where DischargeHospice.status = 'finished'
		    and (
	        DischargeHospice.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to home for hospice care (procedure)"
				    or DischargeHospice.hospitalization.dischargeDisposition ~ "Discharge to healthcare facility for hospice care (procedure)"
	    	)
				and DischargeHospice.period ends during "Measurement Period"
	)
    or exists (
      [ServiceRequest: "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospiceOrder
        where HospiceOrder.intent = 'order'
            and HospiceOrder.authoredOn in "Measurement Period"
    )
    or exists (
      [Procedure: "Hospice care ambulatory"] HospicePerformed
        where HospicePerformed.status = 'completed'
          and Global."Normalize Interval"(HospicePerformed.performed) overlaps "Measurement Period"
    )

define "SDE Sex":
  case
      when Patient.gender = 'male' then Code { code: 'M', system: 'http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/AdministrativeGender', display: 'Male' }
      when Patient.gender = 'female' then Code { code: 'F', system: 'http://hl7.org/fhir/v3/AdministrativeGender', display: 'Female' }
      else null
    end

define "SDE Payer":
  [Coverage: type in "Payer"] Payer
        return {
          code: Payer.type,
          period: Payer.period
        }

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  (flatten (
      Patient.extension Extension
        where Extension.url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-ethnicity'
          return Extension.extension
    )) E
      where E.url = 'ombCategory'
        or E.url = 'detailed'
      return E.value as Coding

define "SDE Race":
  (flatten (
      Patient.extension Extension
        where Extension.url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-race'
          return Extension.extension
    )) E
      where E.url = 'ombCategory'
        or E.url = 'detailed'
      return E.value as Coding

define "SDE Sex":
  SDE."SDE Sex"

define "Colonoscopy Performed":
	[Procedure: "Colonoscopy"] Colonoscopy
		where Colonoscopy.status = 'completed'
		  and Global."Normalize Interval"(Colonoscopy.performed) ends 10 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"

define "Fecal Occult Blood Test Performed":
	[Observation: "Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)"] FecalOccultResult
		where FecalOccultResult.status in {'final', 'amended', 'corrected', 'preliminary'}
			and FecalOccultResult.value is not null
			and Global."Normalize Interval"(FecalOccultResult.effective) during day of "Measurement Period"

define "Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed":
	[Procedure: "Flexible Sigmoidoscopy"] FlexibleSigmoidoscopy
		where FlexibleSigmoidoscopy.status = 'completed'
			and Global."Normalize Interval"(FlexibleSigmoidoscopy.performed) ends 5 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"

define "Fecal Immunochemical Test DNA":
	[Observation: "FIT DNA"] FitDNA
		where FitDNA.status in {'final', 'amended', 'corrected', 'preliminary'}
			and FitDNA.value is not null
			and Global."Normalize Interval"(FitDNA.effective) occurs 3 years or less on or before day of end of "Measurement Period"

define "CT Colonography Performed":
	[Procedure: "CT Colonography"] Colonography
		where Colonography.status = 'completed'
			and Global."Normalize Interval"(Colonography.performed) ends 5 years or less on or before end of "Measurement Period"

define "Numerator":
	exists "Colonoscopy Performed"
		or exists "Fecal Occult Blood Test Performed"
		or exists "Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Performed"
		or exists "Fecal Immunochemical Test DNA"
		or exists "CT Colonography Performed"

define "Denominator":
	true

define "SDE Payer":
  SDE."SDE Payer"

define "Initial Population":
	Global."CalendarAgeInYearsAt"(FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate), start of "Measurement Period") in Interval[50, 75]
			and exists AdultOutpatientEncounters."Qualifying Encounters"

define "SDE Ethnicity":
  SDE."SDE Ethnicity"

define "Malignant Neoplasm Ever":
	[Condition: "Malignant Neoplasm of Colon"] ColorectalCancer
		where Global."Normalize Interval"(ColorectalCancer.onset) starts on or before end of "Measurement Period"

define "Total Colectomy Performed":
	[Procedure: "Total Colectomy"] Colectomy
		where Colectomy.status = 'completed'
			and Global."Normalize Interval"(Colectomy.performed) starts on or before end of "Measurement Period"

define "Denominator Exclusion":
	Hospice."Has Hospice"
		or exists "Malignant Neoplasm Ever"
		or exists "Total Colectomy Performed"

define "SDE Race":
  SDE."SDE Race"

/*
*
*    CQFMeasures Common Logic
*
*/

define function "Normalize Interval"(choice Choice<FHIR.dateTime, FHIR.Period, FHIR.Timing, FHIR.instant, FHIR.string, FHIR.Age, FHIR.Range>):
  case
	  when choice is FHIR.dateTime then
    	Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.dateTime), FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.dateTime)]
		when choice is FHIR.Period then
  		FHIRHelpers.ToInterval(choice as FHIR.Period)
		when choice is FHIR.instant then
			Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.instant), FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.instant)]
		when choice is FHIR.Age then
		  Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity(choice as FHIR.Age),
			  FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity(choice as FHIR.Age) + 1 year)
		when choice is FHIR.Range then
		  Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity((choice as FHIR.Range).low),
			  FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity((choice as FHIR.Range).high) + 1 year)
		when choice is FHIR.Timing then
		  Message(null as Interval<DateTime>, true, '1', 'Error', 'Cannot compute a single interval from a Timing type')
    when choice is FHIR.string then
      Message(null as Interval<DateTime>, true, '1', 'Error', 'Cannot compute an interval from a String value')
		else
			null as Interval<DateTime>
	end

define function "CalendarAgeInYearsAt"(BirthDateTime DateTime, AsOf DateTime):
	years between ToDate(BirthDateTime)and ToDate(AsOf)

define function "ToDate"(Value DateTime):
	DateTime(year from Value, month from Value, day from Value, 0, 0, 0, 0, timezoneoffset from Value)

define function ToString(value AdministrativeGender): value.value

define function ToString(value ProcedureStatus): value.value

define function ToDateTime(value dateTime): value.value

/*
@description: Converts the given [Period](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Period)
value to a CQL DateTime Interval
@comment: If the start value of the given period is unspecified, the starting
boundary of the resulting interval will be open (meaning the start of the interval
is unknown, as opposed to interpreted as the beginning of time).
*/
define function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period):
    if period is null then
        null
    else
        if period."start" is null then
            Interval(period."start".value, period."end".value]
        else
            Interval[period."start".value, period."end".value]

define function ToDateTime(value instant): value.value

define function ToDate(value date): value.value

/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Quantity](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Quantity) 
value to a CQL Quantity
@comment: If the given quantity has a comparator specified, a runtime error is raised. If the given quantity
has a system other than UCUM (i.e. `http://unitsofmeasure.org`) or CQL calendar units (i.e. `http://hl7.org/fhirpath/CodeSystem/calendar-units`)
an error is raised. For UCUM to calendar units, the `ToCalendarUnit` function is used.
@seealso: ToCalendarUnit
*/
define function ToQuantity(quantity FHIR.Quantity):
    case
        when quantity is null then null
        when quantity.value is null then null
        when quantity.comparator is not null then
            Message(null, true, 'FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity.ComparatorQuantityNotSupported', 'Error', 'FHIR Quantity value has a comparator and cannot be converted to a System.Quantity value.')
        when quantity.system is null or quantity.system.value = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
              or quantity.system.value = 'http://hl7.org/fhirpath/CodeSystem/calendar-units' then
            System.Quantity { value: quantity.value.value, unit: ToCalendarUnit(Coalesce(quantity.code.value, quantity.unit.value, '1')) }
        else
            Message(null, true, 'FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity.InvalidFHIRQuantity', 'Error', 'Invalid FHIR Quantity code: ' & quantity.unit.value & ' (' & quantity.system.value & '|' & quantity.code.value & ')')
    end

/*
@description: Converts a UCUM definite duration unit to a CQL calendar duration
unit using conversions specified in the [quantities](https://cql.hl7.org/02-authorsguide.html#quantities) 
topic of the CQL specification.
@comment: Note that for durations above days (or weeks), the conversion is understood to be approximate
*/
define function ToCalendarUnit(unit System.String):
    case unit
        when 'ms' then 'millisecond'
        when 's' then 'second'
        when 'min' then 'minute'
        when 'h' then 'hour'
        when 'd' then 'day'
        when 'wk' then 'week'
        when 'mo' then 'month'
        when 'a' then 'year'
        else unit
    end

define function ToString(value ObservationStatus): value.value

define function ToString(value EncounterStatus): value.value

define function ToString(value uri): value.value

/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [CodeableConcept](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept) value to a CQL Concept.
*/
define function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept):
    if concept is null then
        null
    else
        System.Concept {
            codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C),
            display: concept.text.value
        }

/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
*/
define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
    if coding is null then
        null
    else
        System.Code {
          code: coding.code.value,
          system: coding.system.value,
          version: coding.version.value,
          display: coding.display.value
        }

define function ToString(value ServiceRequestIntent): value.value