Generated Narrative: PublicationRecord 306957 version: 14; Last updated: 2025-10-13 12:34:35+0000 Profile: JournalArticleCitation ArtifactPublicationStatus: Active url: https://fevir.net/resources/PublicationRecord/306957 identifier: FEvIR Object Identifier/306957, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30545967 title: 30545967 Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: randomized controlled trial. status: Active author: Computable Publishing®: MEDLINE-to-FEvIR Converter: publisher: Computable Publishing LLC contact: support@computablepublishing.com description: This Citation Resource is referenced in an example for the EBMonFHIR Implementation Guide. UseContexts - Code Value[x] * Citation Classification Type: fevir-platform-use (FEvIR Platform Use) Medline Base copyright: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ approvalDate: 2019-04-09 lastReviewDate: 2020-02-25 classification type: Citation Source classifier: MEDLINE classification type: MEDLINE Citation Owner classifier: National Library of Medicine, Index Section currentState: Medline Citation Status of Medline, PubMed PublicationStatus of epublish statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Entrez period: ?? --> 2018-12-15 06:00:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Pubmed period: ?? --> 2018-12-14 06:00:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Medline period: ?? --> 2019-04-10 06:00:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of PMC release period: ?? --> 2018-01-01 citedArtifact identifier: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30545967, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc//PMC6298200, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k5094 Titles - Type Language Text * Primary title English PARACHUTE Trial Citation Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: randomized controlled trial. Abstracts - Text Copyright * OBJECTIVE: To determine if using a parachute prevents death or major traumatic injury when jumping from an aircraft. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Private or commercial aircraft between September 2017 and August 2018. <AbstractText Label="PARTICIPANTS" NlmCategory="METHODS">92 aircraft passengers aged 18 and over were screened for participation. 23 agreed to be enrolled and were randomized. INTERVENTION: Jumping from an aircraft (airplane or helicopter) with a parachute versus an empty backpack (unblinded). <AbstractText Label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES" NlmCategory="METHODS">Composite of death or major traumatic injury (defined by an Injury Severity Score over 15) upon impact with the ground measured immediately after landing. RESULTS: Parachute use did not significantly reduce death or major injury (0% for parachute v 0% for control; P>0.9). This finding was consistent across multiple subgroups. Compared with individuals screened but not enrolled, participants included in the study were on aircraft at significantly lower altitude (mean of 0.6 m for participants v mean of 9146 m for non-participants; P<0.001) and lower velocity (mean of 0 km/h v mean of 800 km/h; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Parachute use did not reduce death or major traumatic injury when jumping from aircraft in the first randomized evaluation of this intervention. However, the trial was only able to enroll participants on small stationary aircraft on the ground, suggesting cautious extrapolation to high altitude jumps. When beliefs regarding the effectiveness of an intervention exist in the community, randomized trials might selectively enroll individuals with a lower perceived likelihood of benefit, thus diminishing the applicability of the results to clinical practice. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Smith GC, Pell JP. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2003;327:1459-61. 10.1136/bmj.327.7429.1459 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14684649/ relatesTo type: Cites citation: United States Parachute Association. Skydiver's Information Manual, 2018. https://uspa.org/Portals/0/files/Man_SIM_2018.pdf relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Knapik J, Steelman R. Risk factors for injuries during military static-line airborne operations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Athl Train 2016;51:962-80. 10.4085/1062-6050-51.9.10 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28068166/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Ellitsgaard N. Parachuting injuries: a study of 110,000 sports jumps. Br J Sports Med 1987;21:13-7. 10.1136/bjsm.21.1.13 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3580720/ relatesTo type: Cites citation: ICD-10-CM Code V97.2. Parachutist Accident. https://icd.codes/icd10cm/V972 relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-8. 10.1056/NEJM199103213241201 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1900101/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33. 10.1001/jama.288.3.321 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12117397/ relatesTo type: Cites citation: QuickTapSurvey [program]: TabbleDabble Inc., Toronto, Canada. https://www.quicktapsurvey.com relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Baker SP, O’Neill B, Haddon W, Jr, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974;14:187-96. 10.1097/00005373-197403000-00001 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4814394/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Ware J, Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 1996;34:220-33. 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8628042/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Schwartz AL, Landon BE, Elshaug AG, Chernew ME, McWilliams JM. Measuring low-value care in Medicare. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1067-76. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1541 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24819824/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Kunz R, Oxman AD. The unpredictability paradox: review of empirical comparisons of randomised and non--randomised clinical trials. BMJ 1998;317:1185-90. 10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1185 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9794851/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Nallamothu BK, Hayward RA, Bates ER. Beyond the randomized clinical trial: the role of effectiveness studies in evaluating cardiovascular therapies. Circulation 2008;118:1294-303. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703579 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18794402/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Kennedy-Martin T, Curtis S, Faries D, Robinson S, Johnston J. A literature review on the representativeness of randomized controlled trial samples and implications for the external validity of trial results. Trials 2015;16:495. 10.1186/s13063-015-1023-4 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26530985/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Hayes MJ, Kaestner V, Mailankody S, Prasad V. Most medical practices are not parachutes: a citation analysis of practices felt by biomedical authors to be analogous to parachutes. CMAJ Open 2018;6:E31-8. 10.9778/cmajo.20170088 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29343497/ relatesTo type: Cites citation: Newton SI. Law of Universal Gravitation. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 1687. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Al-Lamee R, Thompson D, Dehbi H-M, et al. ORBITA investigators Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;391:31-40. 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32714-9 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29103656/ relatesTo type: Correction In classifier: Published Erratum citation: BMJ. 2018 Dec 18;363:k5343. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k5343 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30563831/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019 Apr 1;93(5):944-945. doi: 10.1002/ccd.28151 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30762932/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: MMW Fortschr Med. 2019 Feb;161(3):26. doi: 10.1007/s15006-019-0173-9 target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30778977/ publicationForm publishedIn type: Periodical identifier: Electronic ISSN Type/1756-1833, ISOAbbreviation/BMJ, ISSN Linking/0959-8138, Medline Title Abbreviation/BMJ, NLM Unique ID/8900488 title: BMJ (Clinical research ed.) publisherLocation: England citedMedium: Internet volume: 363 articleDate: 2018-12-13 language: English pageString: k5094 publicationForm citedMedium: Internet without issue articleDate: 2018-12-13 webLocation classifier: Abstract url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30545967/ webLocation classifier: DOI Based url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k5094 classification type: Publishing Model classifier: Electronic classification type: MeSH heading artifactAssessment: ArtifactAssessment: artifact[x] = this resource classification type: Publication type classifier: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial classification type: Knowledge Artifact Type classifier: Journal Article artifactAssessment: Classifier added by Computable Publishing LLC classification type: Citation subset classifier: IM contributorship complete: true entry contributor: Yeh RW forenameInitials: RW affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA ryeh@bidmc.harvard.edu. entry contributor: Valsdottir LR forenameInitials: LR affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. entry contributor: Yeh MW forenameInitials: MW affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ryeh@bidmc.harvard.edu. entry contributor: Shen C forenameInitials: C affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. entry contributor: Kramer DB forenameInitials: DB affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. entry contributor: Strom JB forenameInitials: JB affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. entry contributor: Secemsky EA forenameInitials: EA affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. entry contributor: Healy JL forenameInitials: JL affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. entry contributor: Domeier RM forenameInitials: RM affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan and Saint Joseph Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. entry contributor: Kazi DS forenameInitials: DS affiliation: Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. entry contributor: Nallamothu BK forenameInitials: BK affiliation: Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. entry contributor: PARACHUTE Investigators Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor0 name: Robert W Yeh Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor1 name: Linda R Valsdottir Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor2 name: Michael W Yeh Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor3 name: Changyu Shen Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor4 name: Daniel B Kramer Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor5 name: Jordan B Strom Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor6 name: Eric A Secemsky Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor7 name: Joanne L Healy Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor8 name: Robert M Domeier Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor9 name: Dhruv S Kazi Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor10 name: Brahmajee K Nallamothu Generated Narrative: Organization #contributor11 name: PARACHUTE Investigators Generated Narrative: ArtifactAssessment #meshHeading0 artifact: PublicationRecord 30545967 Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: randomized controlled trial. content type: components (if present) include qualifier codings classifier: Accidents, Aviation freeToShare: true component type: qualifier classifier: is not a major topic component type: qualifier classifier: prevention & control Components - Type Classifier * is Major topic No content type: components (if present) include qualifier codings classifier: Adult freeToShare: true Components - Type Classifier * qualifier is not a major topic content type: components (if present) include qualifier codings classifier: Aerospace Medicine freeToShare: true component type: qualifier classifier: is not a major topic component type: qualifier 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30545967 Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: randomized controlled trial.
Computable Publishing®: MEDLINE-to-FEvIR Converter
This Citation Resource is referenced in an example for the EBMonFHIR Implementation Guide.
National Library of Medicine, Index Section
PARACHUTE Trial Citation Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma when jumping from aircraft: randomized controlled trial.
**OBJECTIVE:** To determine if using a parachute prevents death or major traumatic injury when jumping from an aircraft. **DESIGN:** Randomized controlled trial. <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Private or commercial aircraft between September 2017 and August 2018. <AbstractText Label="PARTICIPANTS" NlmCategory="METHODS">92 aircraft passengers aged 18 and over were screened for participation. 23 agreed to be enrolled and were randomized. **INTERVENTION:** Jumping from an aircraft (airplane or helicopter) with a parachute versus an empty backpack (unblinded). <AbstractText Label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES" NlmCategory="METHODS">Composite of death or major traumatic injury (defined by an Injury Severity Score over 15) upon impact with the ground measured immediately after landing. **RESULTS:** Parachute use did not significantly reduce death or major injury (0% for parachute v 0% for control; P>0.9). This finding was consistent across multiple subgroups. Compared with individuals screened but not enrolled, participants included in the study were on aircraft at significantly lower altitude (mean of 0.6 m for participants v mean of 9146 m for non-participants; P<0.001) and lower velocity (mean of 0 km/h v mean of 800 km/h; P<0.001). **CONCLUSIONS:** Parachute use did not reduce death or major traumatic injury when jumping from aircraft in the first randomized evaluation of this intervention. However, the trial was only able to enroll participants on small stationary aircraft on the ground, suggesting cautious extrapolation to high altitude jumps. When beliefs regarding the effectiveness of an intervention exist in the community, randomized trials might selectively enroll individuals with a lower perceived likelihood of benefit, thus diminishing the applicability of the results to clinical practice.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
Smith GC, Pell JP. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2003;327:1459-61. 10.1136/bmj.327.7429.1459
United States Parachute Association. Skydiver's Information Manual, 2018. https://uspa.org/Portals/0/files/Man_SIM_2018.pdf
Knapik J, Steelman R. Risk factors for injuries during military static-line airborne operations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Athl Train 2016;51:962-80. 10.4085/1062-6050-51.9.10
Ellitsgaard N. Parachuting injuries: a study of 110,000 sports jumps. Br J Sports Med 1987;21:13-7. 10.1136/bjsm.21.1.13
ICD-10-CM Code V97.2. Parachutist Accident. https://icd.codes/icd10cm/V972
Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-8. 10.1056/NEJM199103213241201
Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33. 10.1001/jama.288.3.321
QuickTapSurvey [program]: TabbleDabble Inc., Toronto, Canada. https://www.quicktapsurvey.com
Baker SP, O’Neill B, Haddon W, Jr, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974;14:187-96. 10.1097/00005373-197403000-00001
Ware J, Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 1996;34:220-33. 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003
Schwartz AL, Landon BE, Elshaug AG, Chernew ME, McWilliams JM. Measuring low-value care in Medicare. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1067-76. 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1541
Kunz R, Oxman AD. The unpredictability paradox: review of empirical comparisons of randomised and non--randomised clinical trials. BMJ 1998;317:1185-90. 10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1185
Nallamothu BK, Hayward RA, Bates ER. Beyond the randomized clinical trial: the role of effectiveness studies in evaluating cardiovascular therapies. Circulation 2008;118:1294-303. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703579
Kennedy-Martin T, Curtis S, Faries D, Robinson S, Johnston J. A literature review on the representativeness of randomized controlled trial samples and implications for the external validity of trial results. Trials 2015;16:495. 10.1186/s13063-015-1023-4
Hayes MJ, Kaestner V, Mailankody S, Prasad V. Most medical practices are not parachutes: a citation analysis of practices felt by biomedical authors to be analogous to parachutes. CMAJ Open 2018;6:E31-8. 10.9778/cmajo.20170088
Newton SI. Law of Universal Gravitation. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 1687.
Al-Lamee R, Thompson D, Dehbi H-M, et al. ORBITA investigators Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;391:31-40. 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32714-9
Classifier added by Computable Publishing LLC
Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA ryeh@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Richard A and Susan F Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 375 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ryeh@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan and Saint Joseph Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.