Generated Narrative: Citation 367878 version: 11; Last updated: 2025-10-13 12:34:35+0000 Profile: JournalArticleCitation ArtifactPublicationStatus: Active url: Citation 38584159 Efficacy and safety of a four-drug, quarter-dose treatment for hypertension: the QUARTET USA randomized trial. identifier: FEvIR Object Identifier/367878, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38584159, <a href="http://terminology.hl7.org/7.0.1/NamingSystem-uri.html" title="As defined by RFC 3986 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt)(with many schemes defined in many RFCs). For OIDs and UUIDs, use the URN form (urn:oid:(note: lowercase) and urn:uuid:). See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3001.txt and http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt #xD;#xA;#xD;#xA;This oid is used as an identifier II.root to indicate the the extension is an absolute URI (technically, an IRI). Typically, this is used for OIDs and GUIDs. 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UseContexts - Code Value[x] * Citation Classification Type: fevir-platform-use (FEvIR Platform Use) Medline Base jurisdiction: World copyright: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ approvalDate: 2024-06-04 lastReviewDate: 2024-06-19 classification type: Citation Source classifier: MEDLINE classification type: MEDLINE Citation Owner classifier: National Library of Medicine, Index Section currentState: Medline Citation Status of Medline, PubMed PublicationStatus of ppublish statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Received period: ?? --> 2024-01-19 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Accepted period: ?? --> 2024-03-01 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Revised period: ?? --> 2024-02-23 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Medline period: ?? --> 2024-06-05 02:18:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Pubmed period: ?? --> 2024-04-08 00:42:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Entrez period: ?? --> 2024-04-07 23:04:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of PMC release period: ?? --> 2024-04-08 citedArtifact identifier: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38584159, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc//PMC11150153, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-024-01658-y, pii/10.1038/s41440-024-01658-y relatedIdentifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT03640312 Titles - Type Text * Primary title Efficacy and safety of a four-drug, quarter-dose treatment for hypertension: the QUARTET USA randomized trial. Abstracts - Type Text Copyright * Primary human use New approaches are needed to lower blood pressure (BP) given persistently low control rates. QUARTET USA sought to evaluate the effect of four-drug, quarter-dose BP lowering combination in patients with hypertension. QUARTET USA was a randomized (1:1), double-blinded trial conducted in federally qualified health centers among adults with hypertension. Participants received either a quadpill of candesartan 2 mg, amlodipine 1.25 mg, indapamide 0.625 mg, and bisoprolol 2.5 mg or candesartan 8 mg for 12 weeks. If BP was >130/>80 mm Hg at 6 weeks in either arm, then participants received open label add-on amlodipine 5 mg. The primary outcome was mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 12 weeks, controlling for baseline BP. Secondary outcomes included mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and safety included serious adverse events, relevant adverse drug effects, and electrolyte abnormalities. Among 62 participants randomized between August 2019-May 2022 (n = 32 intervention, n = 30 control), mean (SD) age was 52 (11.5) years, 45% were female, 73% identified as Hispanic, and 18% identified as Black. Baseline mean (SD) SBP was 138.1 (11.2) mmHg, and baseline mean (SD) DBP was 84.3 (10.5) mmHg. In a modified intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in SBP (-4.8 mm Hg [95% CI: -10.8, 1.3, p = 0.123] and a -4.9 mmHg (95% CI: -8.6, -1.3, p = 0.009) greater mean DBP change in the intervention arm compared with the control arm at 12 weeks. Adverse events did not differ significantly between arms. The quadpill had a similar SBP and greater DBP lowering effect compared with candesartan 8 mg. Trial registration number: NCT03640312. © 2024. The Author(s). relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: NCD-Risk Factor Collaborators. Zhou B, Carrillo-Larco RM, Danaei G, Riley LM, Paciorek CJ, et al. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021;398:957–80. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Muntner P, Miles MA, Jaeger BC, Hannon Iii L, Hardy ST, Ostchega Y, et al. Blood pressure control among US adults, 2009 to 2012 through 2017 to 2020. Hypertension. 2022;79:1971–80. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19222. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;71:e127–e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021–104. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: World Health Organization. Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. WHO Report: Geneva; 2021. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2023 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147:e93–e621. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001123. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Chow CK, Gupta R. Blood pressure control: a challenge to global health systems. Lancet. 2019;394:613–5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31293-0. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Derington CG, King JB, Herrick JS, Shimbo D, Kronish IM, Saseen JJ, et al. Trends in antihypertensive medication monotherapy and combination use among US adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016. Hypertension. 2020;75:973–81. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14360. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Olomu A, Khan NNS, Todem D, Huang Q, Bottu S, Qadri S, et al. Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in federally qualified health centers. Mdm Policy Pr. 2016;1:2381468316656010. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Law MR, Wald NJ, Morris JK, Jordan RE. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ. 2003;326:1427–31. doi: 10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1427. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Bennett A, Chow CK, Chou M, Dehbi H-M, Webster R, Salam A, et al. Efficacy and safety of quarter-dose blood pressure-lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2017;70:85–93. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09202. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Salam A, Huffman MD, Kanukula R, Prasad EH, Sharma A, Heller DJ, et al. Two‐drug fixed‐dose combinations of blood pressure‐lowering drugs as WHO essential medicines: an overview of efficacy, safety, and cost. J Clin Hypertens. 2020;22:1769–79. doi: 10.1111/jch.14009. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Salam A, Atkins ER, Hsu B, Webster R, Patel A, Rodgers A. Efficacy and safety of triple versus dual combination blood pressure-lowering drug therapy. J Hypertens. 2019;37:1567–73. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002089. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Parati G, Kjeldsen S, Coca A, Cushman WC, Wang J. Adherence to single-pill versus free-equivalent combination therapy in hypertension. Hypertension. 2021;77:692–705. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15781. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Chow CK, Atkins ER, Hillis GS, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Schlaich MP, et al. Initial treatment with a single pill containing quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medicines versus standard dose monotherapy in patients with hypertension (QUARTET): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;398:1043–52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01922-X. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Park IU, Taylor AL. Race and ethnicity in trials of antihypertensive therapy to prevent cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5:444–452. doi: 10.1370/afm.708. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Baldridge AS, Huffman MD, Lazar D, Abbas H, Flowers FM, Quintana A, et al. Efficacy and safety of a quadruple ultra-low-dose treatment for hypertension (QUARTET USA): rationale and design for a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J. 2022;254:183–93. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.09.004. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Sanuade OA, Jacobson TA, Quintana A, Flowers FM, Abbasi H, Vu MH, et al. Process evaluation of a double blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a quadruple ultra-low-dose treatment for hypertension within a federally qualified health center network (QUARTET USA) J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13:e032236. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.032236. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Weiss BD. Quick assessment of literacy in primary care: the Newest Vital Sign. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3:514–22. doi: 10.1370/afm.405. relatesTo type: Cites citation: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). Available from: https://www.ich.org/page/meddra. Accessed January 9, 2024. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Campbell NRC, Burnens MP, Whelton PK, Angell SY, Jaffe MG, Cohn J, et al. 2021 World Health Organization guideline on pharmacological treatment of hypertension: policy implications for the region of the Americas. Lancet Regional Heal - Am. 2022;9:100219. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100219. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Wright JT, Jr, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, Snyder JK, Sink KM, Rocco MV, et al. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2103–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511939. relatesTo type: Cites citation: National Association of Community Health Centers. America’s health centers fact sheet, August 2022. Available from: https://www.nachc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Americas-Health-Centers-2022_final.pdf. Accessed January 9, 2024. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Zheutlin AR, Caldwell D, Anstey DE, Conroy MB, Ogedegbe O, Bress AP. Trends in hypertension clinical trials focused on interventions specific for Black adults: an analysis of clinicaltrials.gov. J Am Hear Assoc. 2020;9:e018512. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018512. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Mueller M, Purnell TS, Mensah GA, Cooper LA. Reducing racial and ethnic disparities in hypertension prevention and control: what will it take to translate research into practice and policy? Am J Hypertens. 2014;28:699–716. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpu233. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Wang, Salam N, Webster A, Silva R, de A, Guggilla R, Stepien S, et al. Association of low-dose triple combination therapy with therapeutic inertia and prescribing patterns in patients with hypertension: a secondary analysis of the TRIUMPH trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5:1219–26. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.2739. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Laba T-L, Howard K, Rose J, Peiris D, Redfern J, Usherwood T, et al. Patient preferences for a polypill for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother. 2015;49:528–39. doi: 10.1177/1060028015570468. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Wood F, Salam A, Singh K, Day S, Jan S, Prabhakaran D, et al. Process evaluation of the impact and acceptability of a polypill for prevention of cardiovascular disease. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e008018. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008018. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Chow CK, Atkins ER, Billot L, Chalmers J, Hillis GS, Hay P, et al. Ultra-low-dose quadruple combination blood pressure lowering therapy in patients with hypertension: The QUARTET randomized controlled trial protocol. Am Heart J. 2021;231:56–67. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.09.017. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Chow CK, Thakkar J, Bennett A, Hillis G, Burke M, Usherwood T, et al. Quarter-dose quadruple combination therapy for initial treatment of hypertension: placebo-controlled, crossover, randomised trial and systematic review. Lancet. 2017;389:1035–42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30260-X. publicationForm publishedIn type: Periodical identifier: Electronic ISSN Type/1348-4214, ISOAbbreviation/Hypertens Res, ISSN Linking/0916-9636, Medline Title Abbreviation/Hypertens Res, NLM Unique ID/9307690 title: Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension publisherLocation: England citedMedium: Internet volume: 47 issue: 6 articleDate: 2024-06 pageString: 1668-1677 publicationForm citedMedium: Internet without issue articleDate: 2024-04-08 webLocation classifier: Abstract url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38584159/ webLocation classifier: DOI Based url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-024-01658-y classification type: Publishing Model classifier: Print Electronic classification type: Keyword artifactAssessment: Keywords provided by NOTNLM classification type: Chemical classifier: Biphenyl Compounds, Antihypertensive Agents, Benzimidazoles, Amlodipine, Tetrazoles, candesartan, Bisoprolol, Indapamide classification type: MeSH heading artifactAssessment: ArtifactAssessment: artifact[x] = this resource classification type: Publication type classifier: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Multicenter Study classification type: Knowledge Artifact Type classifier: Journal Article artifactAssessment: Classifier added by Computable Publishing LLC classification type: Citation subset classifier: IM contributorship complete: true entry contributor: Huffman MD forenameInitials: MD affiliation: Cardiovascular Division and Global Health Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. m.huffman@wustl.edu. The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. m.huffman@wustl.edu. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. m.huffman@wustl.edu. entry contributor: Baldridge AS forenameInitials: AS affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Lazar D forenameInitials: D affiliation: Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Abbas H forenameInitials: H affiliation: Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Mejia J forenameInitials: J affiliation: Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Flowers FM forenameInitials: FM affiliation: Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Quintana A forenameInitials: A affiliation: Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Jackson A forenameInitials: A affiliation: Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Kandula NR forenameInitials: NR affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Lloyd-Jones DM forenameInitials: DM affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Persell SD forenameInitials: SD affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Center for Primary Care Innovation, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Khan SS forenameInitials: SS affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Paparello JJ forenameInitials: JJ affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Chopra A forenameInitials: A affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Tripathi P forenameInitials: P affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Vu MH forenameInitials: MH affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. entry contributor: Chow CK forenameInitials: CK affiliation: Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia. entry contributor: Ciolino JD forenameInitials: JD affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Northwestern University Data Analysis and Coordinating Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. Generated Narrative: ArtifactAssessment #keywords0 artifact: Citation 38584159 Efficacy and safety of a four-drug, quarter-dose treatment for hypertension: the QUARTET USA randomized trial. content classifier: Federally qualified health centers content classifier: Hypertension content classifier: Quadpill content classifier: Randomized trial content classifier: Single pill combination Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor0 name: Mark D Huffman Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor1 name: Abigail S Baldridge Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor2 name: Danielle Lazar Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor3 name: Hiba Abbas Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor4 name: Jairo Mejia Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor5 name: Fallon M Flowers Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor6 name: Adriana Quintana Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor7 name: Alema Jackson Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor8 name: Namratha R Kandula Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor9 name: Donald M Lloyd-Jones Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor10 name: Stephen D Persell Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor11 name: Sadiya S Khan Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor12 name: James J Paparello Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor13 name: Aashima Chopra Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor14 name: Priya Tripathi Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor15 name: My H Vu Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor16 name: Clara K Chow Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor17 name: Jody D Ciolino Generated Narrative: ArtifactAssessment #meshHeading0 artifact: Citation 38584159 Efficacy and safety of a four-drug, quarter-dose treatment for hypertension: the QUARTET USA randomized trial. content type: components (if present) include qualifier codings classifier: Humans freeToShare: true Components - 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38584159 Efficacy and safety of a four-drug, quarter-dose treatment for hypertension: the QUARTET USA randomized trial.
Computable Publishing®: MEDLINE-to-FEvIR Converter
HL7 International / Clinical Decision Support
This Citation Resource is referenced in an example for the EBMonFHIR Implementation Guide.
National Library of Medicine, Index Section
Efficacy and safety of a four-drug, quarter-dose treatment for hypertension: the QUARTET USA randomized trial.
New approaches are needed to lower blood pressure (BP) given persistently low control rates. QUARTET USA sought to evaluate the effect of four-drug, quarter-dose BP lowering combination in patients with hypertension. QUARTET USA was a randomized (1:1), double-blinded trial conducted in federally qualified health centers among adults with hypertension. Participants received either a quadpill of candesartan 2 mg, amlodipine 1.25 mg, indapamide 0.625 mg, and bisoprolol 2.5 mg or candesartan 8 mg for 12 weeks. If BP was >130/>80 mm Hg at 6 weeks in either arm, then participants received open label add-on amlodipine 5 mg. The primary outcome was mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 12 weeks, controlling for baseline BP. Secondary outcomes included mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and safety included serious adverse events, relevant adverse drug effects, and electrolyte abnormalities. Among 62 participants randomized between August 2019-May 2022 (n = 32 intervention, n = 30 control), mean (SD) age was 52 (11.5) years, 45% were female, 73% identified as Hispanic, and 18% identified as Black. Baseline mean (SD) SBP was 138.1 (11.2) mmHg, and baseline mean (SD) DBP was 84.3 (10.5) mmHg. In a modified intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference in SBP (-4.8 mm Hg [95% CI: -10.8, 1.3, p = 0.123] and a -4.9 mmHg (95% CI: -8.6, -1.3, p = 0.009) greater mean DBP change in the intervention arm compared with the control arm at 12 weeks. Adverse events did not differ significantly between arms. The quadpill had a similar SBP and greater DBP lowering effect compared with candesartan 8 mg. Trial registration number: NCT03640312.
NCD-Risk Factor Collaborators. Zhou B, Carrillo-Larco RM, Danaei G, Riley LM, Paciorek CJ, et al. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021;398:957–80. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1.
Muntner P, Miles MA, Jaeger BC, Hannon Iii L, Hardy ST, Ostchega Y, et al. Blood pressure control among US adults, 2009 to 2012 through 2017 to 2020. Hypertension. 2022;79:1971–80. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19222.
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;71:e127–e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006.
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3021–104. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339.
World Health Organization. Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. WHO Report: Geneva; 2021.
Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2023 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147:e93–e621. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001123.
Chow CK, Gupta R. Blood pressure control: a challenge to global health systems. Lancet. 2019;394:613–5. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31293-0.
Derington CG, King JB, Herrick JS, Shimbo D, Kronish IM, Saseen JJ, et al. Trends in antihypertensive medication monotherapy and combination use among US adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016. Hypertension. 2020;75:973–81. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14360.
Olomu A, Khan NNS, Todem D, Huang Q, Bottu S, Qadri S, et al. Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in federally qualified health centers. Mdm Policy Pr. 2016;1:2381468316656010.
Law MR, Wald NJ, Morris JK, Jordan RE. Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ. 2003;326:1427–31. doi: 10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1427.
Bennett A, Chow CK, Chou M, Dehbi H-M, Webster R, Salam A, et al. Efficacy and safety of quarter-dose blood pressure-lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Hypertension. 2017;70:85–93. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09202.
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Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension
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Cardiovascular Division and Global Health Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. m.huffman@wustl.edu.
The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. m.huffman@wustl.edu.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. m.huffman@wustl.edu.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Access Community Health Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Center for Primary Care Innovation, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Northwestern University Data Analysis and Coordinating Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.