Generated Narrative: Citation 179616 version: 20; Last updated: 2025-10-13 12:34:35+0000; Language: en Profile: JournalArticleCitation ArtifactPublicationStatus: Active url: https://fevir.net/resources/Citation/179616 identifier: FEvIR Object Identifier/179616, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244877 title: 26244877 Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. status: Active author: Computable Publishing®: MEDLINE-to-FEvIR Converter: publisher: Computable Publishing LLC contact: support@computablepublishing.com description: This Citation Resource is referenced in an example for the EBMonFHIR Implementation Guide. UseContexts - Code Value[x] * Citation Classification Type: fevir-platform-use (FEvIR Platform Use) Medline Base copyright: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ approvalDate: 2015-08-25 lastReviewDate: 2024-08-05 classification type: Citation Source classifier: MEDLINE classification type: MEDLINE Citation Owner classifier: National Library of Medicine, Index Section currentState: Medline Citation Status of Medline, PubMed PublicationStatus of ppublish statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Entrez period: ?? --> 2015-08-06 06:00:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Pubmed period: ?? --> 2015-08-06 06:00:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of Medline period: ?? --> 2015-08-26 06:00:00+0000 statusDate activity: PubMed Pubstatus of PMC release period: ?? --> 2016-02-20 citedArtifact identifier: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244877, mid/NIHMS719565, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc//PMC4562797, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1503747 relatedIdentifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT00309985 Titles - Type Text * Primary title Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Abstracts - Type Text * Primary human use BACKGROUND: Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the backbone of treatment for metastatic prostate cancer since the 1940s. We assessed whether concomitant treatment with ADT plus docetaxel would result in longer overall survival than that with ADT alone. METHODS: We assigned men with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to receive either ADT plus docetaxel (at a dose of 75 mg per square meter of body-surface area every 3 weeks for six cycles) or ADT alone. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that the median overall survival would be 33.3% longer among patients receiving docetaxel added to ADT early during therapy than among patients receiving ADT alone. RESULTS: A total of 790 patients (median age, 63 years) underwent randomization. After a median follow-up of 28.9 months, the median overall survival was 13.6 months longer with ADT plus docetaxel (combination therapy) than with ADT alone (57.6 months vs. 44.0 months; hazard ratio for death in the combination group, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). The median time to biochemical, symptomatic, or radiographic progression was 20.2 months in the combination group, as compared with 11.7 months in the ADT-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.72; P<0.001). The rate of a prostate-specific antigen level of less than 0.2 ng per milliliter at 12 months was 27.7% in the combination group versus 16.8% in the ADT-alone group (P<0.001). In the combination group, the rate of grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia was 6.2%, the rate of grade 3 or 4 infection with neutropenia was 2.3%, and the rate of grade 3 sensory neuropathy and of grade 3 motor neuropathy was 0.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Six cycles of docetaxel at the beginning of ADT for metastatic prostate cancer resulted in significantly longer overall survival than that with ADT alone. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00309985.). relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res. 1941;1:293–7. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/0/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Prostate Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2000;355:1491–8. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10801170/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Samson DJ, Seidenfeld J, Schmitt B, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of monotherapy compared with combined androgen blockade for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;95:361–76. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124837/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Hussain M, Tangen CM, Berry DL, et al. Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1314–25. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23550669/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Tangen CM, Hussain MH, Higano CS, et al. Improved overall survival trends of men with newly diagnosed M1 prostate cancer: a SWOG phase III trial experience (S8494, S8894 and S9346) J Urol. 2012;188:1164–9. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22921015/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Wu JN, Fish KM, Evans CP, Devere White RW, Dall’Era MA. No improvement noted in overall or cause-specific survival for men presenting with metastatic prostate cancer over a 20-year period. Cancer. 2014;120:818–23. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24258693/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1513–20. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15470214/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1502–12. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15470213/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Millikan RE, Wen S, Pagliaro LC, et al. Phase III trial of androgen ablation with or without three cycles of systemic chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:5936–42. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19029421/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Gravis G, Fizazi K, Joly F, et al. Androgen-deprivation therapy alone or with docetaxel in non-castrate metastatic prostate cancer (GETUG-AFU 15): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:149–58. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23306100/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Crawford ED, Eisenberger MA, McLeod DG, et al. A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:419–24. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2503724/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, et al. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1036–42. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9761805/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:205–16. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10655437/ relatesTo type: Cites citation: Jennison CTB. Statistical approaches to interim monitoring of medical trials: a review and commentary. Stat Sci. 1990;5:299–317. relatesTo type: Cites citation: Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc. 1958;53:457–81. relatesTo type: Cites citation: Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc B. 1972;34:187–220. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Mantel N. Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1966;50:163–70. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5910392/ relatesTo type: Cites citation: Cox D. Analysis of binary data. London: Methuen and Co; 1970. relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1995–2005. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21612468/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS, et al. Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:138–48. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23228172/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Beer TM, strong AJ, Rathkopf DE, et al. Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:424–33. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24881730/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1187–97. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22894553/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:411–22. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20818862/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1147–54. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20888992/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:213–23. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23863050/ relatesTo type: Cites classifier: Journal Article citation: James ND, Spears MR, Clarke NW, et al. Survival with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer in the “docetaxel era”: data from 917 patients in the control of the STAMPEDE trial (MRC PR08, CRUK/06/019) Eur Urol. 2015;67:1028–38. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25301760/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: BMJ. 2015 Aug 05;351:h4253. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h4253. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26251343/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct;12(10):563. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.145. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26305034/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Nat Rev Urol. 2015 Dec;12(12):656-8. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.255. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26526753/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015 Dec;12(12):687-8. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.192. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26552950/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: BMC Med. 2015 Dec 22;13:304. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0543-9. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26695172/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: J Urol. 2016 Jan;195(1):94. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.055. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26699961/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 21;374(3):287. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1511800. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789883/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 21;374(3):286. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1511800. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789884/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Eur Urol. 2016 Mar;69(3):540. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.12.027. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26867727/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Eur Urol. 2016 Apr;69(4):755-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.020. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26972499/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Eur Urol. 2016 Jan;69(1):178. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.10.037. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27099882/ relatesTo type: Has Comment In classifier: Comment citation: Urol Oncol. 2017 Mar;35(3):123. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.12.021. target: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28159490/ publicationForm publishedIn type: Periodical identifier: Electronic ISSN Type/1533-4406, ISOAbbreviation/N Engl J Med, ISSN Linking/0028-4793, Medline Title Abbreviation/N Engl J Med, NLM Unique ID/0255562 title: The New England journal of medicine publisherLocation: United States citedMedium: Internet volume: 373 issue: 8 articleDate: 2015-08-20 pageString: 737-46 publicationForm citedMedium: Internet without issue articleDate: 2015-08-05 webLocation classifier: Abstract url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26244877/ webLocation classifier: DOI Based url: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1503747 classification type: Publishing Model classifier: Print Electronic classification type: Chemical classifier: Androgen Antagonists, Antineoplastic Agents, Taxoids, Docetaxel, Prostate-Specific Antigen classification type: MeSH heading artifactAssessment: ArtifactAssessment: artifact[x] = this resource classification type: Publication type classifier: Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't classification type: Knowledge Artifact Type classifier: Journal Article artifactAssessment: Classifier added by Computable Publishing LLC classification type: Citation subset classifier: IM contributorship complete: true entry contributor: Sweeney CJ forenameInitials: CJ affiliation: From the Department of Medicine (C.J.S.) and the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (Y.-H.C.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.S.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (M.C., M.E.); University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (G.L., D.F.J.) and School of Medicine and Public Health (D.F.J.), Madison; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia (Y.-N.W.); Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis (N.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.K.); University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center (M.M.C.), and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute (J.A.G.) - both in Cleveland; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville (R.D.); Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas (N.J.V.); Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.P.); NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (D.S.); University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (M.H.); and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (R.S.D.). entry contributor: Chen YH forenameInitials: YH entry contributor: Carducci M forenameInitials: M entry contributor: Liu G forenameInitials: G entry contributor: Jarrard DF forenameInitials: DF entry contributor: Eisenberger M forenameInitials: M entry contributor: Wong YN forenameInitials: YN entry contributor: Hahn N forenameInitials: N entry contributor: Kohli M forenameInitials: M entry contributor: Cooney MM forenameInitials: MM entry contributor: Dreicer R forenameInitials: R entry contributor: Vogelzang NJ forenameInitials: NJ entry contributor: Picus J forenameInitials: J entry contributor: Shevrin D forenameInitials: D entry contributor: Hussain M forenameInitials: M entry contributor: Garcia JA forenameInitials: JA entry contributor: DiPaola RS forenameInitials: RS Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor0 name: Christopher J Sweeney Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor1 name: Yu-Hui Chen Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor2 name: Michael Carducci Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor3 name: Glenn Liu Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor4 name: David F Jarrard Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor5 name: Mario Eisenberger Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor6 name: Yu-Ning Wong Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor7 name: Noah Hahn Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor8 name: Manish Kohli Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor9 name: Matthew M Cooney Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor10 name: Robert Dreicer Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor11 name: Nicholas J Vogelzang Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor12 name: Joel Picus Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor13 name: Daniel Shevrin Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor14 name: Maha Hussain Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor15 name: Jorge A Garcia Generated Narrative: Practitioner #contributor16 name: Robert S DiPaola Generated Narrative: ArtifactAssessment #meshHeading0 artifact: Citation 26244877 Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. content type: components (if present) include qualifier codings classifier: Adult freeToShare: true Components - 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components (if present) include qualifier codings
26244877 Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.
Computable Publishing®: MEDLINE-to-FEvIR Converter
This Citation Resource is referenced in an example for the EBMonFHIR Implementation Guide.
National Library of Medicine, Index Section
Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.
**BACKGROUND:** Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the backbone of treatment for metastatic prostate cancer since the 1940s. We assessed whether concomitant treatment with ADT plus docetaxel would result in longer overall survival than that with ADT alone. **METHODS:** We assigned men with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to receive either ADT plus docetaxel (at a dose of 75 mg per square meter of body-surface area every 3 weeks for six cycles) or ADT alone. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that the median overall survival would be 33.3% longer among patients receiving docetaxel added to ADT early during therapy than among patients receiving ADT alone. **RESULTS:** A total of 790 patients (median age, 63 years) underwent randomization. After a median follow-up of 28.9 months, the median overall survival was 13.6 months longer with ADT plus docetaxel (combination therapy) than with ADT alone (57.6 months vs. 44.0 months; hazard ratio for death in the combination group, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). The median time to biochemical, symptomatic, or radiographic progression was 20.2 months in the combination group, as compared with 11.7 months in the ADT-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.72; P<0.001). The rate of a prostate-specific antigen level of less than 0.2 ng per milliliter at 12 months was 27.7% in the combination group versus 16.8% in the ADT-alone group (P<0.001). In the combination group, the rate of grade 3 or 4 febrile neutropenia was 6.2%, the rate of grade 3 or 4 infection with neutropenia was 2.3%, and the rate of grade 3 sensory neuropathy and of grade 3 motor neuropathy was 0.5%. **CONCLUSIONS:** Six cycles of docetaxel at the beginning of ADT for metastatic prostate cancer resulted in significantly longer overall survival than that with ADT alone. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00309985.).
Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res. 1941;1:293–7.
Prostate Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2000;355:1491–8.
Samson DJ, Seidenfeld J, Schmitt B, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of monotherapy compared with combined androgen blockade for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;95:361–76.
Hussain M, Tangen CM, Berry DL, et al. Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1314–25.
Tangen CM, Hussain MH, Higano CS, et al. Improved overall survival trends of men with newly diagnosed M1 prostate cancer: a SWOG phase III trial experience (S8494, S8894 and S9346) J Urol. 2012;188:1164–9.
Wu JN, Fish KM, Evans CP, Devere White RW, Dall’Era MA. No improvement noted in overall or cause-specific survival for men presenting with metastatic prostate cancer over a 20-year period. Cancer. 2014;120:818–23.
Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1513–20.
Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1502–12.
Millikan RE, Wen S, Pagliaro LC, et al. Phase III trial of androgen ablation with or without three cycles of systemic chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:5936–42.
Gravis G, Fizazi K, Joly F, et al. Androgen-deprivation therapy alone or with docetaxel in non-castrate metastatic prostate cancer (GETUG-AFU 15): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14:149–58.
Crawford ED, Eisenberger MA, McLeod DG, et al. A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:419–24.
Eisenberger MA, Blumenstein BA, Crawford ED, et al. Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1036–42.
Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:205–16.
Jennison CTB. Statistical approaches to interim monitoring of medical trials: a review and commentary. Stat Sci. 1990;5:299–317.
Kaplan EL, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Stat Assoc. 1958;53:457–81.
Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc B. 1972;34:187–220.
Mantel N. Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1966;50:163–70.
Cox D. Analysis of binary data. London: Methuen and Co; 1970.
de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1995–2005.
Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS, et al. Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:138–48.
Beer TM, strong AJ, Rathkopf DE, et al. Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:424–33.
Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1187–97.
Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:411–22.
de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1147–54.
Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:213–23.
James ND, Spears MR, Clarke NW, et al. Survival with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer in the “docetaxel era”: data from 917 patients in the control of the STAMPEDE trial (MRC PR08, CRUK/06/019) Eur Urol. 2015;67:1028–38.
Classifier added by Computable Publishing LLC
From the Department of Medicine (C.J.S.) and the Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (Y.-H.C.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston (C.J.S.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (M.C., M.E.); University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (G.L., D.F.J.) and School of Medicine and Public Health (D.F.J.), Madison; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia (Y.-N.W.); Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis (N.H.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.K.); University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center (M.M.C.), and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute (J.A.G.) - both in Cleveland; University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville (R.D.); Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas (N.J.V.); Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (J.P.); NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL (D.S.); University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor (M.H.); and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick (R.S.D.).