Evidence Based Medicine on FHIR Implementation Guide
2.0.0-ballot - ballot
Evidence Based Medicine on FHIR Implementation Guide
2.0.0-ballot - ballot
Evidence Based Medicine on FHIR Implementation Guide, published by HL7 International / Clinical Decision Support. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 2.0.0-ballot built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/ebm/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions
| Active as of 2024-11-21 |
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<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p class="res-header-id"><b>Generated Narrative: Citation 267501</b></p><a name="267501"> </a><a name="hc267501"> </a><a name="267501-en-US"> </a><div style="display: inline-block; background-color: #d9e0e7; padding: 6px; margin: 4px; border: 1px solid #8da1b4; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 60%"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px">version: 1; Last updated: 2024-08-05 19:58:34+0000</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px">Profile: <a href="StructureDefinition-journal-article-citation.html">JournalArticleCitation</a></p></div><p><b>url</b>: <a href="Citation-267501.html">Citation 23589542 Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society.</a></p><p><b>identifier</b>: FEvIR Object Identifier/267501, <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/23589542, <a href="http://terminology.hl7.org/6.1.0/NamingSystem-uri.html" title="As defined by RFC 3986 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt)(with many schemes defined in many RFCs). For OIDs and UUIDs, use the URN form (urn:oid:(note: lowercase) and urn:uuid:). See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3001.txt and http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt
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This OID may also be used in CD.codeSystem.">Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)</a>/urn:oid:2.16.840.1.113883.4.642.40.44.15.33</p><p><b>version</b>: 2.0.0-ballot</p><p><b>title</b>: 23589542 Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society.</p><p><b>status</b>: Active</p><p><b>date</b>: 2024-11-21 14:09:14+0000</p><p><b>publisher</b>: HL7 International / Clinical Decision Support</p><p><b>contact</b>: HL7 International / Clinical Decision Support: <a href="http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/dss">http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/dss</a></p><p><b>description</b>: </p><div><p>This Citation Resource is referenced in an example for the EBMonFHIR Implementation Guide.</p>
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</div></td></tr></table><h3>Abstracts</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Text</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><div><p><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To review the evidence about the impact of hypoglycemia on patients with diabetes that has become available since the past reviews of this subject by the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society and to provide guidance about how this new information should be incorporated into clinical practice.
<AbstractText Label="PARTICIPANTS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Five members of the American Diabetes Association and five members of The Endocrine Society with expertise in different aspects of hypoglycemia were invited by the Chair, who is a member of both, to participate in a planning conference call and a 2-day meeting that was also attended by staff from both organizations. Subsequent communications took place via e-mail and phone calls. The writing group consisted of those invitees who participated in the writing of the manuscript. The workgroup meeting was supported by educational grants to the American Diabetes Association from Lilly USA, LLC and Novo Nordisk and sponsorship to the American Diabetes Association from Sanofi. The sponsors had no input into the development of or content of the report.
<AbstractText Label="EVIDENCE" NlmCategory="METHODS">The writing group considered data from recent clinical trials and other studies to update the prior workgroup report. Unpublished data were not used. Expert opinion was used to develop some conclusions.
<AbstractText Label="CONSENSUS PROCESS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Consensus was achieved by group discussion during conference calls and face-to-face meetings, as well as by iterative revisions of the written document. The document was reviewed and approved by the American Diabetes Association's Professional Practice Committee in October 2012 and approved by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in November 2012 and was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society's Clinical Affairs Core Committee in October 2012 and by Council in November 2012.
<strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The workgroup reconfirmed the previous definitions of hypoglycemia in diabetes, reviewed the implications of hypoglycemia on both short- and long-term outcomes, considered the implications of hypoglycemia on treatment outcomes, presented strategies to prevent hypoglycemia, and identified knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future research. In addition, tools for patients to report hypoglycemia at each visit and for clinicians to document counseling are provided.</p>
</div></td></tr></table><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia Defining and reporting hypoglycemia in diabetes: a report from the American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1245–1249</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15855602/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15855602/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/15855602</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cryer PE, Axelrod L, Grossman AB, et al. ; Endocrine Society Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:709–728</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088155/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088155/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/19088155</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. ; VADT Investigators Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;360:129–139</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19092145/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19092145/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/19092145</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al. ; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2545–2559</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18539917/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18539917/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/18539917</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. ; ADVANCE Collaborative Group Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2560–2572</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18539916/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18539916/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/18539916</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Whitmer RA, Karter AJ, Yaffe K, Quesenberry CP, Jr, Selby JV. Hypoglycemic episodes and risk of dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2009;301:1565–1572</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19366776/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19366776/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/19366776</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Perantie DC, Lim A, Wu J, et al. Effects of prior hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia on cognition in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes 2008;9:87–95</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18208449/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18208449/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/18208449</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Perantie DC, Koller JM, Weaver PM, et al. Prospectively determined impact of type 1 diabetes on brain volume during development. Diabetes 2011;60:3006–3014</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21953611/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21953611/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/21953611</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Amiel SA, Sherwin RS, Simonson DC, Tamborlane WV. Effect of intensive insulin therapy on glycemic thresholds for counterregulatory hormone release. Diabetes 1988;37:901–907</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3290007/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3290007/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/3290007</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Dagogo-Jack SE, Craft S, Cryer PE. Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent antecedent hypoglycemia reduces autonomic responses to, symptoms of, and defense against subsequent hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest 1993;91:819–828</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8450063/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8450063/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/8450063</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Davis SN, Shavers C, Mosqueda-Garcia R, Costa F. Effects of differing antecedent hypoglycemia on subsequent counterregulation in normal humans. Diabetes 1997;46:1328–1335</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9231658/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9231658/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/9231658</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Heller SR, Cryer PE. Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia after 1 episode of hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes 1991;40:223–226</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1991573/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1991573/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/1991573</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Boyle PJ, Schwartz NS, Shah SD, Clutter WE, Cryer PE. Plasma glucose concentrations at the onset of hypoglycemic symptoms in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and in nondiabetics. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1487–1492</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3285214/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3285214/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/3285214</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cryer PE. Preventing hypoglycaemia: what is the appropriate glucose alert value? Diabetologia 2009;52:35–37</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19018509/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19018509/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/19018509</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cryer P. The prevention and correction of hypoglycemia. In Handbook of Physiology: Section 7, The Endocrine System, Volume II, The Endocrine Pancreas and Regulation of Metabolism. Jefferson LS, Cherring AD, Eds. New York, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 1057–1092</p>
</div></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Freckmann G, Baumstark A, Jendrike N, et al. System accuracy evaluation of 27 blood glucose monitoring systems according to DIN EN ISO 15197. Diabetes Technol Ther 2010;12:221–231</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20151773/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20151773/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/20151773</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Klonoff DC, Buckingham B, Christiansen JS, et al. ; Endocrine Society Continuous glucose monitoring: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:2968–2979</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21976745/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21976745/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/21976745</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Karon BS, Boyd JC, Klee GG. Glucose meter performance criteria for tight glycemic control estimated by simulation modeling. Clin Chem 2010;56:1091–1097</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20511447/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20511447/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/20511447</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Clarke WL, Cox D, Gonder-Frederick LA, Carter W, Pohl SL. Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 1987;10:622–628</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3677983/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3677983/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/3677983</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Parkes JL, Slatin SL, Pardo S, Ginsberg BH. A new consensus error grid to evaluate the clinical significance of inaccuracies in the measurement of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1143–1148</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10937512/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10937512/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/10937512</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>DexCom Seven Plus Continuous Glucose Monitoring System User's Guide [article online], 2012. Available from http://dexcom.com/sites/dexcom.com/files/seven-plus/docs/SEVEN_Plus_Users_Guide.pdf and http://dexcom.com/sites/dexcom.com/files/LBL-011119_Rev_07_User’s_Guide,_G4_US.pdf Accessed 9 April 2012</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17415551/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17415551/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/17415551</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Donnelly LA, Morris AD, Frier BM, et al. ; DARTS/MEMO Collaboration Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in Type 1 and insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. Diabet Med 2005;22:749–755</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15910627/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15910627/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/15910627</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cryer PE. The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes 2008;57:3169–3176</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19033403/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19033403/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/19033403</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cryer PE. Death during intensive glycemic therapy of diabetes: mechanisms and implications. Am J Med 2011;124:993–996</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22017775/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22017775/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/22017775</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Patterson CC, Dahlquist G, Harjutsalo V, et al. Early mortality in EURODIAB population-based cohorts of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in childhood since 1989. Diabetologia 2007;50:2439–2442</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17901942/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17901942/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/17901942</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Jacobson AM, Musen G, Ryan CM, et al. ; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study Research Group Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function. N Engl J Med 2007;356:1842–1852</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476010/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17476010/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/17476010</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Feltbower RG, Bodansky HJ, Patterson CC, et al. Acute complications and drug misuse are important causes of death for children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: results from the Yorkshire Register of Diabetes in Children and Young Adults. Diabetes Care 2008;31:922–926</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7914259/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7914259/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/7914259</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Dagogo-Jack S, Rattarasarn C, Cryer PE. Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM. Diabetes 1994;43:1426–1434</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7958494/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7958494/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/7958494</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Fanelli C, Pampanelli S, Epifano L, et al. Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM. Diabetologia 1994;37:1265–1276</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7895957/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7895957/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/7895957</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>White NH, Skor DA, Cryer PE, Levandoski LA, Bier DM, Santiago JV. Identification of type I diabetic patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia during intensive therapy. N Engl J Med 1983;308:485–491</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6378698/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6378698/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/6378698</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Zammitt NN, Warren RE, Deary IJ, Frier BM. Delayed recovery of cognitive function following hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes: effect of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2008;57:732–736</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18039813/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18039813/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/18039813</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Arbelaez AM, Powers WJ, Videen TO, Price JL, Cryer PE. Attenuation of counterregulatory responses to recurrent hypoglycemia by active thalamic inhibition: a mechanism for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. Diabetes 2008;57:470–475</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18003752/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18003752/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/18003752</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Jaferi A, Nowak N, Bhatnagar S. Negative feedback functions in chronically stressed rats: role of the posterior paraventricular thalamus. Physiol Behav 2003;78:365–373</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20086229/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20086229/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/20086229</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Reno CM, Tanoli T, Puente EC, et al. Deaths due to severe hypoglycemia are exacerbated by diabetes and ameliorated by hypoglycemic pre-conditioning (Abstract). Diabetes 2011;60(Suppl. 1):A81</p>
</div></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Clarke W, Jones T, Rewers A, Dunger D, Klingensmith GJ. Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2009;10(Suppl . 12):134–145</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19754624/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19754624/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/19754624</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Silverstein J, Klingensmith G, Copeland K, et al. ; American Diabetes Association Care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2005;28:186–212</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12647928/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12647928/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/12647928</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Bolo NR, Musen G, Jacobson AM, et al. Brain activation during working memory is altered in patients with type 1 diabetes during hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2011;60:3256–3264</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21984582/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21984582/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/21984582</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Bonds DE, Miller ME, Bergenstal RM, et al. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ 2010;340:b4909.</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22374637/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22374637/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/22374637</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Launer LJ, Miller ME, Williamson JD, et al. ; ACCORD MIND Investigators Effects of intensive glucose lowering on brain structure and function in people with type 2 diabetes (ACCORD MIND): a randomised open-label substudy. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:969–977</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19564471/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19564471/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/19564471</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, et al. ; HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1991–2002</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313112/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313112/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/22313112</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Mazze R, Yogev Y, Langer O. Measuring glucose exposure and variability using continuous glucose monitoring in normal and abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012;25:1171–1175</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9540013/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9540013/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/9540013</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Gold AE, Deary IJ, Frier BM. Hypoglycaemia and non-cognitive aspects of psychological function in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Diabet Med 1997;14:111–118</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9047087/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9047087/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/9047087</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Strachan MW, Deary IJ, Ewing FM, Frier BM. Recovery of cognitive function and mood after severe hypoglycemia in adults with insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:305–312</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10868856/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10868856/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/10868856</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Ritholz MD, Jacobson AM. Living with hypoglycemia. J Gen Intern Med 1998;13:799–804</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9844077/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9844077/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/9844077</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Davis RE, Morrissey M, Peters JR, Wittrup-Jensen K, Kennedy-Martin T, Currie CJ. Impact of hypoglycaemia on quality of life and productivity in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:1477–1483</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16197667/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16197667/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/16197667</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick L, Clarke W. Driving decrements in type I diabetes during moderate hypoglycemia. Diabetes 1993;42:239–243</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8425660/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8425660/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/8425660</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick LA, Kovatchev BP, Julian DM, Clarke WL. Progressive hypoglycemia’s impact on driving simulation performance: occurrence, awareness and correction. Diabetes Care 2000;23:163–170</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10868825/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10868825/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/10868825</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Quillian WC, Cox DJ, Gonder-Frederick LA, Driesen NR, Clarke WL. Reliability of driving performance during moderate hypoglycemia in adults with IDDM. Diabetes Care 1994;17:1367–1368</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7821187/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7821187/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/7821187</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>The DCCT Research Group Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Med 1991;90:450–459</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2012085/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2012085/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/2012085</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Cox DJ, Kovatchev B, Vandecar K, Gonder-Frederick L, Ritterband L, Clarke W. Hypoglycemia preceding fatal car collisions. Diabetes Care 2006;29:467–468</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16443915/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16443915/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/16443915</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Eadington DW, Frier BM. Type 1 diabetes and driving experience: an eight-year cohort study. Diabet Med 1989;6:137–141</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2522855/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2522855/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/2522855</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Lave LB, Songer TJ, LaPorte RE. Should persons with diabetes be licensed to drive trucks?—Risk management. Risk Anal 1993;13:327–334</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8341808/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8341808/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/8341808</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2012;35:1364–1379</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22517736/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22517736/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/22517736</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Deakin T, McShane CE, Cade JE, Williams RD. Group based training for self-management strategies in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;2:CD003417.</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15846663/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15846663/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/15846663</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Norris SL, Engelgau MM, Narayan KM. Effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2001;24:561–587</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11289485/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11289485/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/11289485</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Norris SL, Lau J, Smith SJ, Schmid CH, Engelgau MM. Self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1159–1171</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16132954/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16132954/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/16132954</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>DAFNE Study Group Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2002;325:746.</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8636359/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8636359/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/8636359</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Kalergis M, Schiffrin A, Gougeon R, Jones PJ, Yale JF. Impact of bedtime snack composition on prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes undergoing intensive insulin management using lispro insulin before meals: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Diabetes Care 2003;26:9–15</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502652/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502652/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/12502652</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Kaufman FR, Halvorson M, Kaufman ND. A randomized, blinded trial of uncooked cornstarch to diminish nocturnal hypoglycemia at diabetes camp. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995;30:205–209</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16492699/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16492699/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/16492699</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Ververs MT, Rouwé C, Smit GP. Complex carbohydrates in the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in diabetic children. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993;47:268–273</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12207811/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12207811/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/12207811</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Leitão CB, Tharavanij T, Cure P, et al. Restoration of hypoglycemia awareness after islet transplantation. Diabetes Care 2008;31:2113–2115</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18697903/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18697903/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/18697903</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Meyer C, Hering BJ, Grossmann R, et al. Improved glucose counterregulation and autonomic symptoms after intraportal islet transplants alone in patients with long-standing type I diabetes mellitus. Transplantation 1998;66:233–240</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9701271/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9701271/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/9701271</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Paty BW, Lanz K, Kendall DM, Sutherland DE, Robertson RP. Restored hypoglycemic counterregulation is stable in successful pancreas transplant recipients for up to 19 years after transplantation. Transplantation 2001;72:1103–1107</p>
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</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8405713/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8405713/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/8405713</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Dagogo-Jack S, Fanelli CG, Cryer PE. Durable reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22:866–867</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10332708/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10332708/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/10332708</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Ly TT, Hewitt J, Davey RJ, Lim EM, Davis EA, Jones TW. Improving epinephrine responses in hypoglycemia unawareness with real-time continuous glucose monitoring in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:50–52</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20929999/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20929999/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/20929999</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Choudhary P, Shin J, Wang Y, et al. Insulin pump therapy with automated insulin suspension in response to hypoglycemia: reduction in nocturnal hypoglycemia in those at greatest risk. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2023–2025</p>
</div><h3>Documents</h3><table class="grid"><tr><td style="display: none">-</td><td><b>Url</b></td></tr><tr><td style="display: none">*</td><td><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21868778/">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21868778/</a></td></tr></table><p><b>resourceReference</b>: Identifier: <code>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov</code>/21868778</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><b>relatesTo</b></p><p><b>type</b>: cites</p><p><b>classifier</b>: <span title="Codes:{http://hl7.org/fhir/citation-artifact-classifier D016428}">Journal Article</span></p><p><b>citation</b>: </p><div><p>Smith CB, Choudhary P, Pernet A, Hopkins D, Amiel SA. Hypoglycemia unawareness is associated with reduced adherence to therapeutic decisions in patients with type 1 diabetes: evidence from a clinical audit. Diabetes Care 2009;32:1196–1198</p>
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value="**OBJECTIVE:** To review the evidence about the impact of hypoglycemia on patients with diabetes that has become available since the past reviews of this subject by the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society and to provide guidance about how this new information should be incorporated into clinical practice.
<AbstractText Label="PARTICIPANTS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Five members of the American Diabetes Association and five members of The Endocrine Society with expertise in different aspects of hypoglycemia were invited by the Chair, who is a member of both, to participate in a planning conference call and a 2-day meeting that was also attended by staff from both organizations. Subsequent communications took place via e-mail and phone calls. The writing group consisted of those invitees who participated in the writing of the manuscript. The workgroup meeting was supported by educational grants to the American Diabetes Association from Lilly USA, LLC and Novo Nordisk and sponsorship to the American Diabetes Association from Sanofi. The sponsors had no input into the development of or content of the report.
<AbstractText Label="EVIDENCE" NlmCategory="METHODS">The writing group considered data from recent clinical trials and other studies to update the prior workgroup report. Unpublished data were not used. Expert opinion was used to develop some conclusions.
<AbstractText Label="CONSENSUS PROCESS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Consensus was achieved by group discussion during conference calls and face-to-face meetings, as well as by iterative revisions of the written document. The document was reviewed and approved by the American Diabetes Association's Professional Practice Committee in October 2012 and approved by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in November 2012 and was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society's Clinical Affairs Core Committee in October 2012 and by Council in November 2012.
**CONCLUSIONS:** The workgroup reconfirmed the previous definitions of hypoglycemia in diabetes, reviewed the implications of hypoglycemia on both short- and long-term outcomes, considered the implications of hypoglycemia on treatment outcomes, presented strategies to prevent hypoglycemia, and identified knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future research. In addition, tools for patients to report hypoglycemia at each visit and for clinicians to document counseling are provided."/>
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IG © 2024+ HL7 International / Clinical Decision Support. Package hl7.fhir.uv.ebm#2.0.0-ballot based on FHIR 6.0.0-ballot2. Generated 2024-11-21
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