| Code | Display | Definition |
| biochemical-genetics |
Biochemical Genetics |
Analysis of biochemical compounds and pathways to detect genetic metabolic disorders. |
| cytogenetics |
Cytogenetics |
Study of chromosome structure and number using microscopy-based methods. |
| molecular-genetics |
Molecular Genetics |
Analysis of DNA and genes using molecular techniques to identify variations and mutations. |
| analyte |
Analyte |
Analysis of biological analytes to detect genetic disorders. |
| chromosome-breakage-studies |
Chromosome breakage studies |
Tests to assess chromosome stability and fragility, often used to detect DNA repair disorders. |
| deletion-duplication-analysis |
Deletion/duplication analysis |
Detection of deletions and duplications in DNA sequences. |
| detection-of-homozygosity |
Detection of homozygosity |
Identification of homozygous regions in the genome. |
| enzyme-assay |
Enzyme assay |
Measurement of enzyme activity to detect genetic metabolic disorders. |
| fish-interphase |
FISH-interphase |
Fluorescence in situ hybridization performed during interphase of the cell cycle. |
| fish-metaphase |
FISH-metaphase |
Fluorescence in situ hybridization performed during metaphase of the cell cycle. |
| flow-cytometry |
Flow cytometry |
Analysis of cells using flow cytometry to assess genetic disorders. |
| fish |
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) |
Visualization of specific DNA sequences using fluorescent probes. |
| immunohistochemistry |
Immunohistochemistry |
Detection of antigens in tissue samples using antibodies. |
| karyotyping |
Karyotyping |
Visual analysis of chromosome structure and number in metaphase cells. |
| linkage-analysis |
Linkage analysis |
Analysis of genetic markers to identify disease-associated variants in families. |
| methylation-analysis |
Methylation analysis |
Detection of DNA methylation patterns to assess epigenetic modifications. |
| msi |
Microsatellite instability testing (MSI) |
Detection of microsatellite instability to assess DNA mismatch repair function. |
| m-fish |
Multicolor FISH (M-FISH) |
Multiple fluorescent in situ hybridization using multiple probes and colors simultaneously. |
| mutation-scanning-of-select-exons |
Mutation scanning of select exons |
Screening for mutations in specific exons of targeted genes. |
| mutation-scanning-of-the-entire-coding-region |
Mutation scanning of the entire coding region |
Comprehensive screening for mutations throughout the entire coding region of a gene. |
| protein-analysis |
Protein analysis |
Analysis of protein structure and function to detect genetic disorders affecting protein. |
| protein-expression |
Protein expression |
Measurement of protein expression levels to assess genetic effects on protein production. |
| rna-analysis |
RNA analysis |
Analysis of RNA sequences and expression to detect genetic disorders. |
| sequence-analysis-of-select-exons |
Sequence analysis of select exons |
DNA sequencing of specific exons to identify mutations. |
| sequence-analysis-of-the-entire-coding-region |
Sequence analysis of the entire coding region |
Comprehensive DNA sequencing of the entire coding region of a gene. |
| sister-chromatid-exchange |
Sister chromatid exchange |
Assessment of sister chromatid exchange as an indicator of DNA damage and repair. |
| targeted-variant-analysis |
Targeted variant analysis |
Sequencing or genotyping of specific, pre-selected genetic variants. |
| udp |
Uniparental disomy study (UPD) |
Detection of regions where both chromosomes are inherited from a single parent. |
| aspe |
Allele-specific primer extension (ASPE) |
Genotyping method using allele-specific primers to identify genetic variants. |
| alternative-splicing-detection |
Alternative splicing detection |
Detection and analysis of alternative splicing patterns in RNA. |
| bi-directional-sanger-sequence-analysis |
Bi-directional Sanger Sequence Analysis |
DNA sequencing using Sanger method in both forward and reverse directions. |
| c-banding |
C-banding |
Chromosome banding technique visualizing constitutive heterochromatin. |
| cia |
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CIA) |
Immunoassay detecting antigens using chemiluminescent reaction. |
| chromatin-immunoprecipitation-on-chip |
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation on ChIP |
ChIP-on-chip analysis combining chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarray. |
| comparative-genomic-hybridization |
Comparative Genomic Hybridization |
Detection of copy number variations by comparison of test and control DNA. |
| damid |
DamID |
DNA Adenine Methyltransferase Identification for mapping protein-DNA interactions. |
| digital-virtual-karyotyping |
Digital / Virtual karyotyping |
Computer-based analysis of chromosome patterns and abnormalities. |
| digital-microfluidic-microspheres |
Digital microfluidic microspheres |
Microfluidic technology using digital control for genetic analysis. |
| enzymatic-levels |
Enzymatic levels |
Measurement of enzyme levels in biological samples. |
| enzyme-activity |
Enzyme activity |
Measurement of enzyme activity levels in biological samples. |
| elisa |
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) |
Immunoassay for detecting antigens using enzyme-linked antibodies. |
| fluorometry |
Fluorometry |
Measurement of fluorescence intensity to quantify biological molecules. |
| fusion-genes-microarrays |
Fusion genes microarrays |
Microarray-based detection of gene fusion events. |
| g-banding |
G-banding |
Giemsa staining chromosome banding technique visualizing chromosome structure. |
| gc-ms |
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) |
Technique combining gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for chemical compound separation and identification. |
| gene-expression-profiling |
Gene expression profiling |
Analysis of gene expression patterns using various molecular techniques. |
| gene-id |
GeneID |
Identification of genes through sequence comparison or database lookup. |
| gold-nanoparticle-probe-technology |
Gold nanoparticle probe technology |
Molecular detection technique using gold nanoparticles as probes. |
| hplc |
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) |
Separation and analysis technique using high-pressure liquid chromatography. |
| lc-ms |
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) |
Combined technique using liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. |
| lc-ms-ms |
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) |
Laboratory technique using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. |
| metabolite-levels |
Metabolite levels |
Measurement of metabolite concentrations in biological samples. |
| methylation-specific-pcr |
Methylation-specific PCR |
PCR-based technique detecting DNA methylation patterns at specific loci. |
| microarray |
Microarray |
Molecular technique using arrays of probes to detect DNA sequences or expression levels. |
| mlpa |
Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) |
Technique for detecting copy number variations and point mutations. |
| ngs-mps |
Next-Generation (NGS)/Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) |
High-throughput sequencing technology for analyzing genetic variation. |
| ola |
Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay (OLA) |
DNA sequence detection method using complementary oligonucleotide ligation. |
| oligonucleotide-hybridization-based-dna-sequencing |
Oligonucleotide hybridization-based DNA sequencing |
DNA sequencing using hybridization with oligonucleotide probes. |
| other |
Other |
Other genetic testing method not listed in this code system. |
| pcr |
PCR |
Polymerase Chain Reaction for amplifying and detecting DNA sequences. |
| pcr-with-allele-specific-hybridization |
PCR with allele specific hybridization |
PCR technique combined with allele-specific probe hybridization for variant detection. |
| pcr-rflp-with-southern-hybridization |
PCR-RFLP with Southern hybridization |
Combination of PCR-RFLP and Southern blot analysis for genetic variation detection. |
| protein-truncation-test |
Protein truncation test |
Molecular technique detecting premature stop codons and truncated proteins. |
| pyrosequencing |
Pyrosequencing |
DNA sequencing method based on detection of pyrophosphate release during nucleotide incorporation. |
| q-banding |
Q-banding |
Quinacrine staining chromosome banding technique using fluorescent dye. |
| qpcr |
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) |
Real-time PCR technique for quantifying DNA or RNA sequences. |
| r-banding |
R-banding |
Reverse chromosome banding technique visualizing reverse of normal G-banding pattern. |
| rflp |
RFLP |
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - technique detecting DNA variations via restriction mapping. |
| rt-lamp |
RT-LAMP |
Reverse transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification for RNA detection. |
| rt-pcr |
RT-PCR |
Reverse transcription PCR for detecting and amplifying RNA sequences. |
| rt-pcr-with-gel-analysis |
RT-PCR with gel analysis |
RT-PCR product analysis using gel electrophoresis for visualization and sizing. |
| rt-qpcr |
RT-qPCR |
Real-time reverse transcription PCR for quantitative RNA detection. |
| snp-detection |
SNP Detection |
Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms through molecular testing. |
| silver-staining |
Silver staining |
Staining technique used in protein and DNA analysis for visualization. |
| sky |
Spectral karyotyping (SKY) |
Fluorescence in situ hybridization allowing simultaneous visualization of all chromosomes. |
| t-banding |
T-banding |
T-banding chromosome technique visualizing telomeres through staining. |
| ms-ms |
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) |
Tandem mass spectrometry technique for analyzing molecular structure and mass. |
| tetra-nucleotide-repeat-by-pcr-or-southern-blot |
Tetra-nucleotide repeat by PCR or Southern Blot |
Detection of tetra-nucleotide repeat expansions using PCR or Southern blot analysis. |
| tiling-arrays |
Tiling Arrays |
Microarray technology using overlapping probes to analyze genomic regions. |
| trinucleotide-repeat-by-pcr-or-southern-blot |
Trinucleotide repeat by PCR or Southern Blot |
Detection of trinucleotide repeat expansions using PCR or Southern blot analysis. |
| uni-directional-sanger-sequencing |
Uni-directional Sanger sequencing |
One-directional Sanger sequencing method for DNA sequence determination. |