US Core Implementation Guide
8.0.1 - STU 8

US Core Implementation Guide, published by HL7 International / Cross-Group Projects. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 8.0.1 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/US-Core/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

## : Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substance use screen (TAPS) Questionnaire Example - JSON Representation

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    {
      "resourceType" : "Questionnaire",
      "id" : "TAPS",
      "meta" : {
        "profile" : [
          🔗 "http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/StructureDefinition/sdc-questionnaire"
        ]
      },
      "text" : {
        "status" : "extensions",
        "div" : "<div xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"><p class=\"res-header-id\"><b>Generated Narrative: Questionnaire TAPS</b></p><a name=\"TAPS\"> </a><a name=\"hcTAPS\"> </a><div style=\"display: inline-block; background-color: #d9e0e7; padding: 6px; margin: 4px; border: 1px solid #8da1b4; border-radius: 5px; line-height: 60%\"><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px\"/><p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px\">Profile: <a href=\"http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/sdc/STU3/StructureDefinition-sdc-questionnaire.html\">SDCBaseQuestionnaire</a></p></div><b>Structure</b><table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top;\"><tr style=\"border: 2px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top\"><th style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table\" title=\"The linkID for the item\">LinkID</a></th><th style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table\" title=\"Text for the item\">Text</a></th><th style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table\" title=\"Minimum and Maximum # of times the item can appear in the instance\">Cardinality</a></th><th style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table\" title=\"The type of the item\">Type</a></th><th style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table\" title=\"Additional information about the item\">Description &amp; Constraints</a><span style=\"float: right\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table\" title=\"Legend for this format\"><img src=\"data:image/png;base64, \" alt=\"doco\" style=\"background-color: inherit\"/></a></span></th></tr><tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck1.png)\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon_q_root.gif\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: white; background-color: inherit\" title=\"QuestionnaireRoot\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> TAPS</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">Questionnaire</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/Questionnaire/TAPS#8.0.1</td></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)\" id=\"item./96842-0\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vjoin.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon-q-coding.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit\" title=\"coding\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> /96842-0</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">How often have you used any tobacco product in past 12 months</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">0..1</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice\">choice</a></td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">Options: <a href=\"#opt-item./96842-0\">5 options</a></td></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck11.png)\" id=\"item./88037-7\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vjoin.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon-q-coding.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: white; background-color: inherit\" title=\"coding\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> /88037-7</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">How often have you had five or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">0..1</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice\">choice</a></td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">Options: <a href=\"#opt-item./88037-7\">5 options</a></td></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck100.png)\" id=\"item./88037-7-help\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vline.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vjoin_end.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon-q-display.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit\" title=\"display\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> /88037-7-help</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">Some measures (like electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) used by CMS) define &quot;risky drinker&quot; differently based on sex: 4 or more drinks per day for women and 5 or more drinks per day for men. The LOINC for 4 or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 75889-6].</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">0..1</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-display\">display</a></td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"/></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck11.png)\" id=\"item./75889-6\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vjoin.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon-q-coding.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: white; background-color: inherit\" title=\"coding\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> /75889-6</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">How often have you had four or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">0..1</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice\">choice</a></td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">Options: <a href=\"#opt-item./75889-6\">5 options</a></td></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck100.png)\" id=\"item./75889-6-help\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vline.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vjoin_end.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon-q-display.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit\" title=\"display\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> /75889-6-help</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">A question asked to determine if the patient is considered a 'risky drinker'. This term was created for, but not limited in use to, an electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) to be used in the CMS EHR Incentive Program for Meaningful Use. The eCQM allows for multiple ways to screen for alcohol misuse, including AUDIT-C [LOINC: 75626-2] or one of two questions that assess whether the patient consumes alcohol [LOINC: 75855-7] and the frequency of heavy drinking days (this LOINC). The LOINC for five (5) or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 88037-7].</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">0..1</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-display\">display</a></td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"/></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)\" id=\"item./96843-8\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vjoin.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon-q-coding.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: white; background-color: inherit\" title=\"coding\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> /96843-8</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">How often have you used illegal or recreational drugs in past 12 months</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">0..1</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-choice\">choice</a></td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">Options: <a href=\"#opt-item./96843-8\">5 options</a></td></tr>\r\n<tr style=\"border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7\"><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck00.png)\" id=\"item./96844-6\" class=\"hierarchy\"><img src=\"tbl_spacer.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"tbl_vjoin_end.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: inherit\" class=\"hierarchy\"/><img src=\"icon-q-string.png\" alt=\".\" style=\"background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit\" title=\"string\" class=\"hierarchy\"/> /96844-6</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">How often have you used any prescription medications just for the feeling, more than prescribed or that were not prescribed for you in past 12 months [TAPS]</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\">0..1</td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/codesystem-item-type.html#item-type-string\">string</a></td><td style=\"vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px\" class=\"hierarchy\"/></tr>\r\n<tr><td colspan=\"5\" class=\"hierarchy\"><br/><a href=\"https://hl7.org/fhir/R4/formats.html#table\" title=\"Legend for this format\"><img src=\"data:image/png;base64, \" alt=\"doco\" style=\"background-color: inherit\"/> Documentation for this format</a></td></tr></table><hr/><p><b>Options Sets</b></p><a name=\"opt-item./96842-0\"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /96842-0 </b></p><ul><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul><a name=\"opt-item./88037-7\"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /88037-7 </b></p><ul><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul><a name=\"opt-item./75889-6\"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /75889-6 </b></p><ul><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul><a name=\"opt-item./96843-8\"> </a><p><b>Answer options for /96843-8 </b></p><ul><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18934-2 (&quot;Daily or almost daily&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18891-4 (&quot;Weekly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18876-5 (&quot;Monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA18933-4 (&quot;Less than monthly&quot;)</li><li style=\"font-size: 11px\">http://loinc.org#LA6270-8 (&quot;Never&quot;)</li></ul></div>"
      },
      "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/Questionnaire/TAPS",
      "identifier" : [
        {
          "system" : "urn:ietf:rfc:3986",
          "value" : "urn:oid:2.16.840.1.113883.4.642.40.2.35.2"
        }
      ],
      "version" : "8.0.1",
      "name" : "TAPS",
      "title" : "Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substance use screen [TAPS]",
      "status" : "active",
      "experimental" : true,
      "subjectType" : [
        "Patient"
      ],
      "date" : "2023-08-14",
      "publisher" : "HL7 International / Cross-Group Projects",
      "contact" : [
        {
          "name" : "HL7 International / Cross-Group Projects",
          "telecom" : [
            {
              "system" : "url",
              "value" : "http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/cgp"
            },
            {
              "system" : "email",
              "value" : "cgp@lists.HL7.org"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "jurisdiction" : [
        {
          "coding" : [
            {
              "system" : "urn:iso:std:iso:3166",
              "code" : "US"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "copyright" : "This material contains content from LOINC® (http://loinc.org). LOINC is copyright © 1995-2024, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the LOINC Committee, and is available at no cost under the license at http://loinc.org/license. The TAPS Tool was developed by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) https://nida.nih.gov. As a federally funded (NIH) tool, the TAPS-1 is considered public domain in the U.S",
      "code" : [
        {
          "system" : "http://loinc.org",
          "code" : "96841-2",
          "display" : "Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substance use screen [TAPS]"
        }
      ],
      "item" : [
        {
          "extension" : [
            {
              "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl",
              "valueCodeableConcept" : {
                "coding" : [
                  {
                    "system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control",
                    "code" : "drop-down",
                    "display" : "Drop down"
                  }
                ],
                "text" : "Drop down"
              }
            }
          ],
          "linkId" : "/96842-0",
          "code" : [
            {
              "system" : "http://loinc.org",
              "code" : "96842-0",
              "display" : "How often have you used any tobacco product in past 12 months"
            }
          ],
          "text" : "How often have you used any tobacco product in past 12 months",
          "type" : "choice",
          "required" : false,
          "answerOption" : [
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18934-2",
                "display" : "Daily or almost daily"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18891-4",
                "display" : "Weekly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18876-5",
                "display" : "Monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18933-4",
                "display" : "Less than monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA6270-8",
                "display" : "Never"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "extension" : [
            {
              "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl",
              "valueCodeableConcept" : {
                "coding" : [
                  {
                    "system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control",
                    "code" : "drop-down",
                    "display" : "Drop down"
                  }
                ],
                "text" : "Drop down"
              }
            }
          ],
          "linkId" : "/88037-7",
          "code" : [
            {
              "system" : "http://loinc.org",
              "code" : "88037-7",
              "display" : "How often have you had five or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]"
            }
          ],
          "text" : "How often have you had five or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]",
          "type" : "choice",
          "required" : false,
          "answerOption" : [
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18934-2",
                "display" : "Daily or almost daily"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18891-4",
                "display" : "Weekly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18876-5",
                "display" : "Monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18933-4",
                "display" : "Less than monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA6270-8",
                "display" : "Never"
              }
            }
          ],
          "item" : [
            {
              "extension" : [
                {
                  "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl",
                  "valueCodeableConcept" : {
                    "coding" : [
                      {
                        "system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control",
                        "code" : "help",
                        "display" : "Help-Button"
                      }
                    ],
                    "text" : "Help-Button"
                  }
                }
              ],
              "linkId" : "/88037-7-help",
              "text" : "Some measures (like electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) used by CMS) define \"risky drinker\" differently based on sex: 4 or more drinks per day for women and 5 or more drinks per day for men. The LOINC for 4 or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 75889-6].",
              "type" : "display"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "extension" : [
            {
              "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl",
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                    "code" : "drop-down",
                    "display" : "Drop down"
                  }
                ],
                "text" : "Drop down"
              }
            }
          ],
          "linkId" : "/75889-6",
          "code" : [
            {
              "system" : "http://loinc.org",
              "code" : "75889-6",
              "display" : "How often have you had four or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]"
            }
          ],
          "text" : "How often have you had four or more drinks in one day during the past year [Reported]",
          "type" : "choice",
          "required" : false,
          "answerOption" : [
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18934-2",
                "display" : "Daily or almost daily"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18891-4",
                "display" : "Weekly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18876-5",
                "display" : "Monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18933-4",
                "display" : "Less than monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA6270-8",
                "display" : "Never"
              }
            }
          ],
          "item" : [
            {
              "extension" : [
                {
                  "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl",
                  "valueCodeableConcept" : {
                    "coding" : [
                      {
                        "system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control",
                        "code" : "help",
                        "display" : "Help-Button"
                      }
                    ],
                    "text" : "Help-Button"
                  }
                }
              ],
              "linkId" : "/75889-6-help",
              "text" : "A question asked to determine if the patient is considered a 'risky drinker'. This term was created for, but not limited in use to, an electronic Clinical Quality Measure (eCQM) to be used in the CMS EHR Incentive Program for Meaningful Use. The eCQM allows for multiple ways to screen for alcohol misuse, including AUDIT-C [LOINC: 75626-2] or one of two questions that assess whether the patient consumes alcohol [LOINC: 75855-7] and the frequency of heavy drinking days (this LOINC). The LOINC for five (5) or more drinks per day is [LOINC: 88037-7].",
              "type" : "display"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "extension" : [
            {
              "url" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/questionnaire-itemControl",
              "valueCodeableConcept" : {
                "coding" : [
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                    "system" : "http://hl7.org/fhir/questionnaire-item-control",
                    "code" : "drop-down",
                    "display" : "Drop down"
                  }
                ],
                "text" : "Drop down"
              }
            }
          ],
          "linkId" : "/96843-8",
          "code" : [
            {
              "system" : "http://loinc.org",
              "code" : "96843-8",
              "display" : "How often have you used illegal or recreational drugs in past 12 months"
            }
          ],
          "text" : "How often have you used illegal or recreational drugs in past 12 months",
          "type" : "choice",
          "required" : false,
          "answerOption" : [
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18934-2",
                "display" : "Daily or almost daily"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18891-4",
                "display" : "Weekly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18876-5",
                "display" : "Monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA18933-4",
                "display" : "Less than monthly"
              }
            },
            {
              "valueCoding" : {
                "system" : "http://loinc.org",
                "code" : "LA6270-8",
                "display" : "Never"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "linkId" : "/96844-6",
          "code" : [
            {
              "system" : "http://loinc.org",
              "code" : "96844-6",
              "display" : "How often have you used any prescription medications just for the feeling, more than prescribed or that were not prescribed for you in past 12 months [TAPS]"
            }
          ],
          "text" : "How often have you used any prescription medications just for the feeling, more than prescribed or that were not prescribed for you in past 12 months [TAPS]",
          "type" : "string",
          "required" : false
        }
      ]
    }