CDA Examples
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CDA Examples, published by Health Level Seven. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/HL7/CDA-Examples/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Example: Result with greater than a specified value

Approval Status: Approved
Task Force Approval: 2015-03-19
SDWG Approval: 2015-11-12, 2016-12-01

This is an example of how to encode "greater than" (but not equal to) a specific range when returned from lab equipment. The example is for a point-of-care glucometer, which measures blood sugar for diabetics. Often these devices may have an upper bound, 500 mg/dL is shown in this example. An inclusive tag of false is shown to demonstrate a non-inclusive range. The upper bound of the interval is positive infinity in this example. This example also includes two structured reference ranges for normal and high.

This file includes examples of the following templates: 


<section xmlns="urn:hl7-org:v3">
  <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.3.1"/>
  <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.2.3.1" extension="2015-08-01"/>
  <!--  Results Section with Coded Entries Required -->
  <code displayName="Relevant diagnostic tests and/or laboratory data"
        codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" code="30954-2"/>
  <title>Results</title>
  <text>
    <table border="1">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>Description</th>
          <th>Value / Unit</th>
          <th>Interpretation</th>
          <th>Reference Range</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th colspan="4">Glucose [Mass/Volume] In Capillary Blood at 03-02-2014 9:08a</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td ID="SomeReferenceGoesHere4">Glucose [Mass/Volume] In Capillary Blood</td>
          <td>> 500 mg/dL</td>
          <td>High - Above Instrument Scale</td>
          <td>80-140 mg/dL</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </text>
  <entry>
    <organizer moodCode="EVN" classCode="BATTERY">
      <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.1"/>
      <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.1"
                  extension="2015-08-01"/>
      <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.1"
                  extension="2023-05-01"/>
      <id root="cda1fc54-59fb-412d-86e0-acf6b78aa9a6"/>
      <code displayName="Glucose [Mass/Volume] In Capillary Blood"
            codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1" code="32016-8"/>
      <statusCode code="completed"/>
      <effectiveTime>
        <low value="20140302090800-0500"/>
        <high value="20140302090800-0500"/>
      </effectiveTime>
      <component>
        <observation moodCode="EVN" classCode="OBS">
          <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.2"/>
          <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.2"
                      extension="2015-08-01"/>
          <templateId root="2.16.840.1.113883.10.20.22.4.2"
                      extension="2023-05-01"/>
          <id root="cda1fc54-59fb-412d-86e0-acf6b78aa9a6"/>
          <code xsi:type="CD"
                displayName="Glucose [Mass/Volume] In Capillary Blood" codeSystemName="LOINC" codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.6.1"
                code="32016-8"/>
          <text xsi:type="ED">
            <reference value="#SomeReferenceGoesHere4"/>
          </text>
          <statusCode code="completed"/>
          <effectiveTime value="20140302090800-0500"/>
          <!--  Representing a result higher than the measurement range of an instrument.  -->
          <!--  Example is that a point-of-care glucose meter may return >500 for very high glucose values -->
          <value xsi:type="IVL_PQ">
            <!--  The lower bound represents the minimum value based on lab result -->
            <!--  We've shown a greater than (NOT greater than or equal to) in this example.  -->
            <!--  Note that if the inclusive attribute is not specified, then it defaults to true  -->
            <low value="500" unit="mg/dL" inclusive="false"/>
            <!--  The upper bound is set to nullFlavor of positive infinity since it could be any number greater than 500 -->
            <high nullFlavor="PINF"/>
          </value>
          <!--  Interpretation states that this is high off instrument scale. Critically high could also be denoted by "HH" -->
          <interpretationCode codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.83"
                              code="&gt;"/>
          <referenceRange>
            <observationRange>
              <!--  Reference ranges can be expressed as structured physical quantity interval -->
              <value xsi:type="IVL_PQ">
                <low value="80" unit="mg/dL"/>
                <high value="140" unit="mg/dL"/>
              </value>
              <!--  This interpretation code denotes that this reference range is for normal results. This is not the interpretation a specific patient value -->
              <interpretationCode displayName="Normal"
                                  codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.83" code="N"/>
            </observationRange>
          </referenceRange>
          <referenceRange>
            <observationRange>
              <!--  Reference ranges can be expressed as structured physical quantity interval -->
              <value xsi:type="IVL_PQ">
                <low value="140" unit="mg/dL"/>
                <high value="500" unit="mg/dL"/>
              </value>
              <!--  This interpretation code denotes that this reference range is for hight results. This is not the interpretation a specific patient value -->
              <interpretationCode displayName="High"
                                  codeSystem="2.16.840.1.113883.5.83" code="H"/>
            </observationRange>
          </referenceRange>
        </observation>
      </component>
    </organizer>
  </entry>
</section>