2026 US Quality Core Implementation Guide
0.5.0 - cibuild US

2026 US Quality Core Implementation Guide, published by Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.5.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/FHIR/us-quality-core/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

## Resource Profile: USQualityCoreObservationScreeningAssessment - XML Profile

Active as of 2026-05-15

XML representation of the us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment resource profile.

Raw xml | Download

    <StructureDefinition xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir">
      <id value="us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
      <text>
        <status value="extensions"/>
        <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p class="res-header-id"><b>Generated Narrative: StructureDefinition us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment</b></p><a name="us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"> </a><a name="hcus-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"> </a><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top;"><tr style="border: 1px #F0F0F0 solid; font-size: 11px; font-family: verdana; vertical-align: top"><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px" class="hierarchy"><a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/FHIR/ig-guidance/readingIgs.html#table-views" title="The logical name of the element">Name</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px" class="hierarchy"><a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/FHIR/ig-guidance/readingIgs.html#table-views" title="Information about the use of the element">Flags</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px" class="hierarchy"><a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/FHIR/ig-guidance/readingIgs.html#table-views" title="Minimum and Maximum # of times the element can appear in the instance">Card.</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; width: 100px" class="hierarchy"><a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/FHIR/ig-guidance/readingIgs.html#table-views" title="Reference to the type of the element">Type</a></th><th style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px" class="hierarchy"><a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/FHIR/ig-guidance/readingIgs.html#table-views" title="Additional information about the element">Description &amp; Constraints</a><span style="float: right"><a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/FHIR/ig-guidance/readingIgs.html#table-views" title="Legend for this format"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="doco" style="background-color: inherit"/></a></span></th></tr><tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck1.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_resource.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Resource" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation">Observation</a><a name="Observation"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">0</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/STU6.1/StructureDefinition-us-core-observation-screening-assessment.html">USCoreObservationScreeningAssessmentProfile(6.1.0)</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">Survey Observation</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_element.gif" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Element" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.status">status</a><a name="Observation.status"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">1</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">1</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a style="opacity: 0.5; opacity: 0.5" href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#code">code</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) registered | prliminary | final | amended | corrected | entered-in-error | unknown<br class="binding"/><span style="font-weight:bold" title="null" class="binding">Binding: </span><a href="ValueSet-us-quality-core-non-negative-observation-status.html" title="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/ValueSet/us-quality-core-non-negative-observation-status" class="binding">Non-Negative Observation Status</a><span title="null" class="binding"> (</span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set." class="binding">required</a><span title="null" class="binding">)</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck13.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_slice.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Slice Definition" class="hierarchy"/> <a style="font-style: italic; font-style: italic" href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.category" title="A code that classifies the general type of observation being made.">Slices for category</a><a name="Observation.category"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="font-style: italic"/><span style="font-style: italic">1</span><span style="font-style: italic">..</span><span style="font-style: italic">*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a style="font-style: italic; font-style: italic" href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="font-style: italic">(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Classification of type of observation</span><br style="font-style: italic"/><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style: italic">Slice: </span><span style="font-style: italic">Unordered, Open by pattern:$this</span><br style="font-style: italic" class="binding"/><span style="font-weight:bold; font-style: italic" title="null" class="binding">Binding: </span><a style="font-style: italic; font-style: italic" href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/valueset-observation-category.html" title="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category" class="binding">ObservationCategoryCodes</a><span style="font-style: italic" title="null" class="binding"> (</span><a style="font-style: italic; font-style: italic" href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set." class="binding">required</a><span style="font-style: italic" title="null" class="binding">)</span><span style="font-style: italic" title="null" class="binding">: </span><span style="font-style: italic" title="null" class="binding">Codes for high level observation categories.</span><br style="font-style: italic"/></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck135.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_slicer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_slice_item.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Slice Item" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.category:survey" title="Slice survey: A code that classifies the general type of observation being made.">category:survey</a><a name="Observation.category.2"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">1..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI) Classification of type of observation<br class="binding"/><span style="font-weight:bold" title="null" class="binding">Binding: </span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/valueset-observation-category.html" title="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category" class="binding">ObservationCategoryCodes</a><span title="null" class="binding"> (</span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set." class="binding">required</a><span title="null" class="binding">)</span><span title="null" class="binding">: </span><span title="null" class="binding">Codes for high level observation categories.</span><br/><br/><span style="font-weight:bold">Required Pattern: </span><span style="color: darkgreen">At least the following</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck1341.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline_slicer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end_slice.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_fixed.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Fixed Value" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes-definitions.html#CodeableConcept.coding">coding</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">1..*</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#Coding">Coding</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Code defined by a terminology system<br/><span style="font-weight: bold">Fixed Value: </span><span style="color: darkgreen">(Complex)</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck13410.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline_slicer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_blank.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_fixed.gif" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Fixed Value" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes-definitions.html#Coding.system">system</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">1..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#uri">uri</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Identity of the terminology system<br/><span style="font-weight: bold">Fixed Value: </span><span style="color: darkgreen">http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck13400.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline_slicer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_blank.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_fixed.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Fixed Value" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes-definitions.html#Coding.code">code</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">1..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#code">code</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Symbol in syntax defined by the system<br/><span style="font-weight: bold">Fixed Value: </span><span style="color: darkgreen">survey</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck124.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end_slicer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_slice_item.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Slice Item" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.category:screening-assessment" title="Slice screening-assessment: Categories that a provider may use in their workflow to classify that this Observation is related to a USCDI Health Status/Assessments Data Class.">category:screening-assessment</a><a name="Observation.category.3"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..*</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI) Classification of type of observation<br class="binding"/><span style="font-weight:bold" title="null" class="binding">Binding: </span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/STU7/ValueSet-us-core-screening-assessment-observation-category.html" title="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-screening-assessment-observation-category" class="binding">US Core Screening Assessment Observation Category</a><span title="null" class="binding"> (</span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/terminologies.html#required" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set." class="binding">required</a><span title="null" class="binding">)</span><span title="null" class="binding">: </span><span title="null" class="binding">Note that other codes are permitted, see </span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/general-requirements.html#required-bindings-when-slicing-by-valuesets" class="binding">Required Bindings When Slicing by Value Sets</a><br/></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.code" title="Describes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation &quot;name&quot;.">code</a><a name="Observation.code"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">1..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Type of observation (code / type)<br class="binding"/><span style="font-weight:bold" title="null" class="binding">Binding: </span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/STU7/ValueSet-us-core-survey-codes.html" title="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-survey-codes" class="binding">US Core Survey Codes</a><span title="null" class="binding"> (</span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/terminologies.html#preferred" title="Instances are encouraged to draw from the specified codes for interoperability purposes but are not required to do so to be considered conformant." class="binding">preferred</a><span title="null" class="binding">)</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_reference.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Reference to another Resource" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.subject">subject</a><a name="Observation.subject"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">1..<span style="opacity: 0.5">1</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/references.html">Reference</a>(<a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-patient.html">US Quality Core Patient</a>)</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI) Who and/or what the observation is about</td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck11.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_choice.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Choice of Types" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.effective[x]" title="The time or time-period the observed value is asserted as being true. For biological subjects - e.g. human patients - this is usually called the &quot;physiologically relevant time&quot;.">effective[x]</a><a name="Observation.effective_x_"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; color: black; null" title="This element is included in summaries">Σ</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..1</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation</td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_primitive.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for dateTime Type: A date, date-time or partial date (e.g. just year or year + month).  If hours and minutes are specified, a time zone SHALL be populated. The format is a union of the schema types gYear, gYearMonth, date and dateTime. Seconds must be provided due to schema type constraints but may be zero-filled and may be ignored.                 Dates SHALL be valid dates.">effectiveDateTime</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#dateTime">dateTime</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for Period Type: A time period defined by a start and end date and optionally time.">effectivePeriod</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#Period">Period</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for Timing Type: Specifies an event that may occur multiple times. Timing schedules are used to record when things are planned, expected or requested to occur. The most common usage is in dosage instructions for medications. They are also used when planning care of various kinds, and may be used for reporting the schedule to which past regular activities were carried out.">effectiveTiming</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#Timing">Timing</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck100.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_primitive.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for instant Type: An instant in time - known at least to the second">effectiveInstant</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#instant">instant</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_reference.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Reference to another Resource" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.performer">performer</a><a name="Observation.performer"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">0</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/references.html">Reference</a>(<a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-practitioner.html">US Quality Core Practitioner</a> | <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-organization.html">US Quality Core Organization</a> | <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-patient.html">US Quality Core Patient</a> | <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-practitionerrole.html">US Quality Core PractitionerRole</a> | <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-careteam.html">US Quality Core CareTeam</a> | <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-relatedperson.html">US Quality Core RelatedPerson</a>)</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI) Who is responsible for the observation</td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck11.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_choice.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Choice of Types" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.value[x]">value[x]</a><a name="Observation.value_x_"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">0</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">1</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Actual result</td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for Quantity Type: A measured amount (or an amount that can potentially be measured). Note that measured amounts include amounts that are not precisely quantified, including amounts involving arbitrary units and floating currencies.">valueQuantity</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#Quantity">Quantity</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for CodeableConcept Type: A concept that may be defined by a formal reference to a terminology or ontology or may be provided by text.">valueCodeableConcept</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_primitive.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for string Type: A sequence of Unicode characters">valueString</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#string">string</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_primitive.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for boolean Type: Value of &quot;true&quot; or &quot;false&quot;">valueBoolean</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#boolean">boolean</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_primitive.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for integer Type: A whole number">valueInteger</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#integer">integer</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for Range Type: A set of ordered Quantities defined by a low and high limit.">valueRange</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#Range">Range</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for Ratio Type: A relationship of two Quantity values - expressed as a numerator and a denominator.">valueRatio</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#Ratio">Ratio</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_primitive.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for time Type: A time during the day, with no date specified">valueTime</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#time">time</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck110.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_primitive.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Primitive Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for dateTime Type: A date, date-time or partial date (e.g. just year or year + month).  If hours and minutes are specified, a time zone SHALL be populated. The format is a union of the schema types gYear, gYearMonth, date and dateTime. Seconds must be provided due to schema type constraints but may be zero-filled and may be ignored.                 Dates SHALL be valid dates.">valueDateTime</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#dateTime">dateTime</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck100.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vline.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <span title="Base StructureDefinition for Period Type: A time period defined by a start and end date and optionally time.">valuePeriod</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#Period">Period</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_element.gif" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Element" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.dataAbsentReason" title="Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing.">dataAbsentReason</a><a name="Observation.dataAbsentReason"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">0</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">1</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a style="opacity: 0.5; opacity: 0.5" href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI) Why the result is missing<br class="binding"/><span style="font-weight:bold" title="null" class="binding">Binding: </span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/valueset-data-absent-reason.html" title="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason" class="binding">DataAbsentReason</a><span title="null" class="binding"> (</span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/terminologies.html#extensible" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set if any of the codes within the value set can apply to the concept being communicated.  If the value set does not cover the concept (based on human review), alternate codings (or, data type allowing, text) may be included instead." class="binding">extensible</a><span title="null" class="binding">)</span><span title="null" class="binding">: </span><span title="null" class="binding">Codes specifying why the result (</span><span style="padding: 2px 4px; color: #005c00; background-color: #f9f2f4; white-space: nowrap; border-radius: 4px" title="null" class="binding">Observation.value[x]</span><span title="null" class="binding">) is missing.</span></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_datatype.gif" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Data Type" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.interpretation" title="A categorical assessment of an observation value.  For example, high, low, normal.">interpretation</a><a name="Observation.interpretation"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">0..*</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept">CodeableConcept</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">High, low, normal, etc.<br class="binding"/><span style="font-weight:bold" title="null" class="binding">Binding: </span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/valueset-observation-interpretation.html" title="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation" class="binding">ObservationInterpretationCodes</a><span title="null" class="binding"> (</span><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/terminologies.html#extensible" title="To be conformant, the concept in this element SHALL be from the specified value set if any of the codes within the value set can apply to the concept being communicated.  If the value set does not cover the concept (based on human review), alternate codings (or, data type allowing, text) may be included instead." class="binding">extensible</a><span title="null" class="binding">)</span><span title="null" class="binding">: </span><span title="null" class="binding">Codes identifying interpretations of observations.</span><br/></td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_reference.png" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Reference to another Resource" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.hasMember" title="Aggregate set of Observations that represent question answer pairs for both multi-question surveys and multi-select questions.">hasMember</a><a name="Observation.hasMember"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">0</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/references.html">Reference</a>(<a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment.html">US Quality Core Observation Screening Assessment</a> | <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-questionnaireresponse.html">US Quality Core QuestionnaireResponse</a>)</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI) Reference to panel or multi-select responses</td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck10.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_reference.png" alt="." style="background-color: white; background-color: inherit" title="Reference to another Resource" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.derivedFrom" title="Observations or QuestionnaireResponses from which this observation value is derived.">derivedFrom</a><a name="Observation.derivedFrom"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">0</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/references.html">Reference</a>(<a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment.html">US Quality Core Observation Screening Assessment</a> | <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-questionnaireresponse.html">US Quality Core QuestionnaireResponse</a>)</td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: white; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">(USCDI) Related Observations or QuestionnaireResponses that the observation is made from</td></tr>
    <tr style="border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px; vertical-align: top; background-color: #F7F7F7"><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px; white-space: nowrap; background-image: url(tbl_bck00.png)" class="hierarchy"><img src="tbl_spacer.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="tbl_vjoin_end.png" alt="." style="background-color: inherit" class="hierarchy"/><img src="icon_element.gif" alt="." style="background-color: #F7F7F7; background-color: inherit" title="Element" class="hierarchy"/> <a href="StructureDefinition-us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment-definitions.html#Observation.component">component</a><a name="Observation.component"> </a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"/><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><span style="opacity: 0.5">0</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">..</span><span style="opacity: 0.5">*</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy"><a style="opacity: 0.5; opacity: 0.5" href="http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/datatypes.html#BackboneElement">BackboneElement</a></td><td style="vertical-align: top; text-align : var(--ig-left,left); background-color: #F7F7F7; border: 0px #F0F0F0 solid; padding:0px 4px 0px 4px" class="hierarchy">Component results</td></tr>
    <tr><td colspan="5" class="hierarchy"><br/><a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/FHIR/ig-guidance/readingIgs.html#table-views" title="Legend for this format"><img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="doco" style="background-color: inherit"/> Documentation for this format</a></td></tr></table></div>
      </text>
      <url
           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
      <version value="0.5.0"/>
      <name value="USQualityCoreObservationScreeningAssessment"/>
      <title value="US Quality Core Observation Screening Assessment"/>
      <status value="active"/>
      <experimental value="false"/>
      <date value="2026-05-15"/>
      <publisher
                 value="Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC)"/>
      <contact>
        <name
              value="Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC)"/>
        <telecom>
          <system value="url"/>
          <value value="https://www.healthit.gov/feedback"/>
        </telecom>
      </contact>
      <description
                   value="The US Quality Core Observation Screening Assessment Profile is based upon the US Core Observation Screening Assessment Profile which can be used to represent individual responses, panels of multi-question surveys, and multi-select responses to “check all that apply” questions. The US Quality Core Observation Survey Profile sets minimum expectations for the Observation Resource to record, search, and fetch retrieve observations that represent the questions and responses to form/survey and defines the core set of elements and extensions for quality rule and measure authors."/>
      <jurisdiction>
        <coding>
          <system value="urn:iso:std:iso:3166"/>
          <code value="US"/>
          <display value="United States of America"/>
        </coding>
        <text value="USA"/>
      </jurisdiction>
      <fhirVersion value="4.0.1"/>
      <mapping>
        <identity value="workflow"/>
        <uri value="http://hl7.org/fhir/workflow"/>
        <name value="Workflow Pattern"/>
      </mapping>
      <mapping>
        <identity value="sct-concept"/>
        <uri value="http://snomed.info/conceptdomain"/>
        <name value="SNOMED CT Concept Domain Binding"/>
      </mapping>
      <mapping>
        <identity value="v2"/>
        <uri value="http://hl7.org/v2"/>
        <name value="HL7 v2 Mapping"/>
      </mapping>
      <mapping>
        <identity value="rim"/>
        <uri value="http://hl7.org/v3"/>
        <name value="RIM Mapping"/>
      </mapping>
      <mapping>
        <identity value="w5"/>
        <uri value="http://hl7.org/fhir/fivews"/>
        <name value="FiveWs Pattern Mapping"/>
      </mapping>
      <mapping>
        <identity value="sct-attr"/>
        <uri value="http://snomed.org/attributebinding"/>
        <name value="SNOMED CT Attribute Binding"/>
      </mapping>
      <kind value="resource"/>
      <abstract value="false"/>
      <type value="Observation"/>
      <baseDefinition
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-observation-screening-assessment|6.1.0"/>
      <derivation value="constraint"/>
      <snapshot>
        <extension
                   url="http://hl7.org/fhir/tools/StructureDefinition/snapshot-base-version">
          <valueString value="6.1.0"/>
        </extension>
        <element id="Observation">
          <path value="Observation"/>
          <short value="Survey Observation"/>
          <definition value="\-"/>
          <comment value="\-"/>
          <alias value="Vital Signs"/>
          <alias value="Measurement"/>
          <alias value="Results"/>
          <alias value="Tests"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <constraint>
            <key value="dom-2"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human
                   value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources"/>
            <expression value="contained.contained.empty()"/>
            <xpath value="not(parent::f:contained and f:contained)"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="dom-3"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human
                   value="If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource"/>
            <expression
                        value="contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="not(exists(for $id in f:contained/*/f:id/@value return $contained[not(parent::*/descendant::f:reference/@value=concat('#', $contained/*/id/@value) or descendant::f:reference[@value='#'])]))"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="dom-4"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human
                   value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated"/>
            <expression
                        value="contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:versionId)) and not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:lastUpdated))"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="dom-5"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human
                   value="If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label"/>
            <expression value="contained.meta.security.empty()"/>
            <xpath value="not(exists(f:contained/*/f:meta/f:security))"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice">
              <valueBoolean value="true"/>
            </extension>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bestpractice-explanation">
              <valueMarkdown
                             value="When a resource has no narrative, only systems that fully understand the data can display the resource to a human safely. Including a human readable representation in the resource makes for a much more robust eco-system and cheaper handling of resources by intermediary systems. Some ecosystems restrict distribution of resources to only those systems that do fully understand the resources, and as a consequence implementers may believe that the narrative is superfluous. However experience shows that such eco-systems often open up to new participants over time."/>
            </extension>
            <key value="dom-6"/>
            <severity value="warning"/>
            <human
                   value="A resource should have narrative for robust management"/>
            <expression value="text.`div`.exists()"/>
            <xpath value="exists(f:text/h:div)"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DomainResource"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="obs-6"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human
                   value="dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present"/>
            <expression value="dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="not(exists(f:dataAbsentReason)) or (not(exists(*[starts-with(local-name(.), 'value')])))"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="obs-7"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human
                   value="If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present"/>
            <expression
                        value="value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="not(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), 'value')] and (for $coding in f:code/f:coding return f:component/f:code/f:coding[f:code/@value=$coding/f:code/@value] [f:system/@value=$coding/f:system/@value]))"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="us-core-2"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human
                   value="If there is no component or hasMember element then either a value[x] or a data absent reason must be present"/>
            <expression
                        value="(component.empty() and hasMember.empty()) implies (dataAbsentReason.exists() or value.exists())"/>
            <xpath
                   value="exists(f:component) or exists(f:hasMember) or exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), 'value')]) or exists(f:dataAbsentReason)"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="us-core-3"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="SHALL use UCUM for coded quantity units."/>
            <expression
                        value="value.ofType(Quantity).system.empty() or value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'"/>
            <xpath
                   value="not(exists(f:valueQuantity/f:system) ) or f:valueQuantity/f:system[@value='http://unitsofmeasure.org']"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="Entity. Role, or Act"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 363787002 |Observable entity|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="Observation[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN]"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.id">
          <path value="Observation.id"/>
          <short value="Logical id of this artifact"/>
          <definition
                      value="The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes."/>
          <comment
                   value="The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Resource.id"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fhir-type">
              <valueUrl value="id"/>
            </extension>
            <code value="http://hl7.org/fhirpath/System.String"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.meta">
          <path value="Observation.meta"/>
          <short value="Metadata about the resource"/>
          <definition
                      value="The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Resource.meta"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Meta"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.implicitRules">
          <path value="Observation.implicitRules"/>
          <short value="A set of rules under which this content was created"/>
          <definition
                      value="A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc."/>
          <comment
                   value="Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Resource.implicitRules"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="uri"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="true"/>
          <isModifierReason
                            value="This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.language">
          <path value="Observation.language"/>
          <short value="Language of the resource content"/>
          <definition
                      value="The base language in which the resource is written."/>
          <comment
                   value="Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies  to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute)."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Resource.language"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="code"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-maxValueSet">
              <valueCanonical value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/all-languages"/>
            </extension>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="Language"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="preferred"/>
            <description value="A human language."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.text">
          <path value="Observation.text"/>
          <short value="Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation"/>
          <definition
                      value="A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it &quot;clinically safe&quot; for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety."/>
          <comment
                   value="Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied).  This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a &quot;text blob&quot; or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later."/>
          <alias value="narrative"/>
          <alias value="html"/>
          <alias value="xhtml"/>
          <alias value="display"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="DomainResource.text"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Narrative"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="Act.text?"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.contained">
          <path value="Observation.contained"/>
          <short value="Contained, inline Resources"/>
          <definition
                      value="These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope."/>
          <comment
                   value="This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels."/>
          <alias value="inline resources"/>
          <alias value="anonymous resources"/>
          <alias value="contained resources"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="DomainResource.contained"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Resource"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="N/A"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.extension">
          <path value="Observation.extension"/>
          <short value="Additional content defined by implementations"/>
          <definition
                      value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/>
          <comment
                   value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/>
          <alias value="extensions"/>
          <alias value="user content"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="DomainResource.extension"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Extension"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ext-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/>
            <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="N/A"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.modifierExtension">
          <path value="Observation.modifierExtension"/>
          <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored"/>
          <definition
                      value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself)."/>
          <comment
                   value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/extensibility.html#modifierExtension)."/>
          <alias value="extensions"/>
          <alias value="user content"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="DomainResource.modifierExtension"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Extension"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ext-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/>
            <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="true"/>
          <isModifierReason
                            value="Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="N/A"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.identifier">
          <path value="Observation.identifier"/>
          <short value="Business Identifier for observation"/>
          <definition value="A unique identifier assigned to this observation."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Allows observations to be distinguished and referenced."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.identifier"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Identifier"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.identifier"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.identifier"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map
                 value="OBX.21  For OBX segments from systems without OBX-21 support a combination of ORC/OBR and OBX must be negotiated between trading partners to uniquely identify the OBX segment. Depending on how V2 has been implemented each of these may be an option: 1) OBR-3 + OBX-3 + OBX-4 or 2) OBR-3 + OBR-4 + OBX-3 + OBX-4 or 2) some other way to uniquely ID the OBR/ORC + OBX-3 + OBX-4."/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="id"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.basedOn">
          <path value="Observation.basedOn"/>
          <short value="Fulfills plan, proposal or order"/>
          <definition
                      value="A plan, proposal or order that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this event.  For example, a MedicationRequest may require a patient to have laboratory test performed before  it is dispensed."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Allows tracing of authorization for the event and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon."/>
          <alias value="Fulfills"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.basedOn"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/CarePlan"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DeviceRequest"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ImmunizationRecommendation"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/MedicationRequest"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/NutritionOrder"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ServiceRequest"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.basedOn"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="ORC"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value=".inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[moodCode=EVN]"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.partOf">
          <path value="Observation.partOf"/>
          <short value="Part of referenced event"/>
          <definition
                      value="A larger event of which this particular Observation is a component or step.  For example,  an observation as part of a procedure."/>
          <comment
                   value="To link an Observation to an Encounter use `encounter`.  See the  [Notes](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/observation.html#obsgrouping) below for guidance on referencing another Observation."/>
          <alias value="Container"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.partOf"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/MedicationAdministration"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/MedicationDispense"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/MedicationStatement"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Immunization"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ImagingStudy"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.partOf"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="Varies by domain"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value=".outboundRelationship[typeCode=FLFS].target"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.status">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-display-hint">
            <valueString value="default: final"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.status"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) registered | prliminary | final | amended | corrected | entered-in-error | unknown"/>
          <definition value="The status of the result value."/>
          <comment
                   value="This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Need to track the status of individual results. Some results are finalized before the whole report is finalized."/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.status"/>
            <min value="1"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="code"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="true"/>
          <isModifierReason
                            value="This element is labeled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource should not be treated as valid"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <binding>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/ValueSet/us-quality-core-non-negative-observation-status"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.status"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.status"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 445584004 |Report by finality status|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-11"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value="status  Amended &amp; Final are differentiated by whether it is the subject of a ControlAct event with a type of &quot;revise&quot;"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.category">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.category"/>
          <slicing>
            <discriminator>
              <type value="pattern"/>
              <path value="$this"/>
            </discriminator>
            <rules value="open"/>
          </slicing>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Classification of type of observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="A code that classifies the general type of observation being made."/>
          <comment
                   value="In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once.  The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed."/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.category"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationCategory"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <description value="Codes for high level observation categories."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.class"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value=".outboundRelationship[typeCode=&quot;COMP].target[classCode=&quot;LIST&quot;, moodCode=&quot;EVN&quot;].code"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.category:survey">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.category"/>
          <sliceName value="survey"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Classification of type of observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="A code that classifies the general type of observation being made."/>
          <comment
                   value="In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once.  The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Used for filtering if the observation is an assessment or screening."/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.category"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <patternCodeableConcept>
            <coding>
              <system
                      value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category"/>
              <code value="survey"/>
            </coding>
          </patternCodeableConcept>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationCategory"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <description value="Codes for high level observation categories."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.class"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value=".outboundRelationship[typeCode=&quot;COMP].target[classCode=&quot;LIST&quot;, moodCode=&quot;EVN&quot;].code"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.category:screening-assessment">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.category"/>
          <sliceName value="screening-assessment"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Classification of type of observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="Categories that a provider may use in their workflow to classify that this Observation is related to a USCDI Health Status/Assessments Data Class."/>
          <comment
                   value="In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once.  The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Used for filtering the type of screening or assessment observation."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.category"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <description
                         value="Note that other codes are permitted, see [Required Bindings When Slicing by Value Sets](http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/general-requirements.html#required-bindings-when-slicing-by-valuesets)"/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-screening-assessment-observation-category"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.class"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value=".outboundRelationship[typeCode=&quot;COMP].target[classCode=&quot;LIST&quot;, moodCode=&quot;EVN&quot;].code"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.code">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.code"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Type of observation (code / type)"/>
          <definition
                      value="Describes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation &quot;name&quot;."/>
          <comment
                   value="*All* code-value and, if present, component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation."/>
          <alias value="Name"/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.code"/>
            <min value="1"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <binding>
            <strength value="preferred"/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-survey-codes"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.code"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.what[x]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map
                 value="&lt; 363787002 |Observable entity| OR &lt; 386053000 |Evaluation procedure|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-3"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="code"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="116680003 |Is a|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.subject">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.subject"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Who and/or what the observation is about"/>
          <definition
                      value="The patient, or group of patients, location, or device this observation is about and into whose record the observation is placed. If the actual focus of the observation is different from the subject (or a sample of, part, or region of the subject), the `focus` element or the `code` itself specifies the actual focus of the observation."/>
          <comment
                   value="One would expect this element to be a cardinality of 1..1. The only circumstance in which the subject can be missing is when the observation is made by a device that does not know the patient. In this case, the observation SHALL be matched to a patient through some context/channel matching technique, and at this point, the observation should be updated."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Observations have no value if you don't know who or what they're about."/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.subject"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-patient"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.subject"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.subject[x]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="PID-3"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="participation[typeCode=RTGT]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.subject"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.focus">
          <path value="Observation.focus"/>
          <short
                 value="What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record"/>
          <definition
                      value="The actual focus of an observation when it is not the patient of record representing something or someone associated with the patient such as a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. For example, fetus observations in a mother's record.  The focus of an observation could also be an existing condition,  an intervention, the subject's diet,  another observation of the subject,  or a body structure such as tumor or implanted device.   An example use case would be using the Observation resource to capture whether the mother is trained to change her child's tracheostomy tube. In this example, the child is the patient of record and the mother is the focus."/>
          <comment
                   value="Typically, an observation is made about the subject - a patient, or group of patients, location, or device - and the distinction between the subject and what is directly measured for an observation is specified in the observation code itself ( e.g., &quot;Blood Glucose&quot;) and does not need to be represented separately using this element.  Use `specimen` if a reference to a specimen is required.  If a code is required instead of a resource use either  `bodysite` for bodysites or the standard extension [focusCode](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/extension-observation-focuscode.html)."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.focus"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Resource"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.subject[x]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-3"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="participation[typeCode=SBJ]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.subject"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.encounter">
          <path value="Observation.encounter"/>
          <short value="Healthcare event during which this observation is made"/>
          <definition
                      value="The healthcare event  (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) during which this observation is made."/>
          <comment
                   value="This will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some events may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter (e.g. pre-admission laboratory tests)."/>
          <requirements
                        value="For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter."/>
          <alias value="Context"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.encounter"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.context"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.context"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="PV1"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value="inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[classCode=ENC, moodCode=EVN]"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.effective[x]">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.effective[x]"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="The time or time-period the observed value is asserted as being true. For biological subjects - e.g. human patients - this is usually called the &quot;physiologically relevant time&quot;."/>
          <comment
                   value="At least a date should be present unless this observation is a historical report."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Knowing when an observation was deemed true is important to its relevance as well as determining trends."/>
          <alias value="Occurrence"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.effective[x]"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-type-must-support">
              <valueBoolean value="true"/>
            </extension>
            <code value="dateTime"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Period"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Timing"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="instant"/>
          </type>
          <condition value="us-core-1"/>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="us-core-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Datetime must be at least to day."/>
            <expression
                        value="$this is DateTime implies $this.toString().length() &gt;= 10"/>
            <xpath
                   value="f:matches(effectiveDateTime,/\d{4}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d([+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)/)"/>
            <source
                    value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.occurrence[x]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.done[x]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map
                 value="OBX-14, and/or OBX-19 after v2.4  (depends on who observation made)"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="effectiveTime"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.issued">
          <path value="Observation.issued"/>
          <short value="Date/Time this version was made available"/>
          <definition
                      value="The date and time this version of the observation was made available to providers, typically after the results have been reviewed and verified."/>
          <comment
                   value="For Observations that don’t require review and verification, it may be the same as the [`lastUpdated` ](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/resource-definitions.html#Meta.lastUpdated) time of the resource itself.  For Observations that do require review and verification for certain updates, it might not be the same as the `lastUpdated` time of the resource itself due to a non-clinically significant update that doesn’t require the new version to be reviewed and verified again."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.issued"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="instant"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.recorded"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map
                 value="OBR.22 (or MSH.7), or perhaps OBX-19 (depends on who observation made)"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="participation[typeCode=AUT].time"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.performer">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.performer"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Who is responsible for the observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="Who was responsible for asserting the observed value as &quot;true&quot;."/>
          <comment
                   value="Some questions on questionnaires are not answered directly (e.g., asserted) by the individual completing the questionnaire, but are derived from answers to one or more other questions. For types of answers, `Observation.performer` should not be specified and `Observation.derivedFrom` should reference the relevant Screening Response Observation(s)."/>
          <requirements
                        value="May give a degree of confidence in the observation and also indicates where follow-up questions should be directed."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.performer"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-practitioner"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-organization"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-patient"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-practitionerrole"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-careteam"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-relatedperson"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="workflow"/>
            <map value="Event.performer.actor"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.actor"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map
                 value="OBX.15 / (Practitioner)  OBX-16,  PRT-5:PRT-4='RO' /  (Device)  OBX-18 , PRT-10:PRT-4='EQUIP' / (Organization)  OBX-23,  PRT-8:PRT-4='PO'"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="participation[typeCode=PRF]"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.value[x]">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.value[x]"/>
          <short value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Actual result"/>
          <definition
                      value="The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value."/>
          <comment
                   value="An observation may have a value if it represents an individual survey question and answer pair. An observation should not have a value if it represents a multi-question survey or multi-select “check all that apply” question. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code.  A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value."/>
          <requirements
                        value="An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.value[x]"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-type-must-support">
              <valueBoolean value="true"/>
            </extension>
            <code value="Quantity"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-type-must-support">
              <valueBoolean value="true"/>
            </extension>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-type-must-support">
              <valueBoolean value="true"/>
            </extension>
            <code value="string"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="boolean"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="integer"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Range"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Ratio"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="time"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="dateTime"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Period"/>
          </type>
          <condition value="obs-7"/>
          <condition value="us-core-2"/>
          <condition value="us-core-3"/>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 441742003 |Evaluation finding|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX.2, OBX.5, OBX.6"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="value"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="363714003 |Interprets|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.dataAbsentReason">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.dataAbsentReason"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Why the result is missing"/>
          <definition
                      value="Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing."/>
          <comment
                   value="&quot;Null&quot; or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations.  One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value.  The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For a given LOINC question, if the LOINC answer list includes concepts such as 'unknown' or 'not available', they should be used for Observation.value. Where these concepts are not part of the value set for Observation.value, the Observation.dataAbsentReason can be used if necessary and appropriate."/>
          <requirements
                        value="For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.dataAbsentReason"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <condition value="obs-6"/>
          <condition value="us-core-2"/>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationValueAbsentReason"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="extensible"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="N/A"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="value.nullFlavor"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.interpretation">
          <path value="Observation.interpretation"/>
          <short value="High, low, normal, etc."/>
          <definition
                      value="A categorical assessment of an observation value.  For example, high, low, normal."/>
          <comment
                   value="Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ),  its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations  are relevant.  Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result."/>
          <requirements
                        value="For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result."/>
          <alias value="Abnormal Flag"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.interpretation"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationInterpretation"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="extensible"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes identifying interpretations of observations."/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 260245000 |Findings values|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-8"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="interpretationCode"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="363713009 |Has interpretation|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.note">
          <path value="Observation.note"/>
          <short value="Comments about the observation"/>
          <definition value="Comments about the observation or the results."/>
          <comment
                   value="May include general statements about the observation, or statements about significant, unexpected or unreliable results values, or information about its source when relevant to its interpretation."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Need to be able to provide free text additional information."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.note"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Annotation"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map
                 value="NTE.3 (partner NTE to OBX, or sometimes another (child?) OBX)"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value="subjectOf.observationEvent[code=&quot;annotation&quot;].value"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.bodySite">
          <path value="Observation.bodySite"/>
          <short value="Observed body part"/>
          <definition
                      value="Indicates the site on the subject's body where the observation was made (i.e. the target site)."/>
          <comment
                   value="Only used if not implicit in code found in Observation.code.  In many systems, this may be represented as a related observation instead of an inline component.

    If the use case requires BodySite to be handled as a separate resource (e.g. to identify and track separately) then use the standard extension[ bodySite](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/extension-bodysite.html)."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.bodySite"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="BodySite"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="example"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 123037004 |Body structure|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-20"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="targetSiteCode"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="718497002 |Inherent location|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.method">
          <path value="Observation.method"/>
          <short value="How it was done"/>
          <definition
                      value="Indicates the mechanism used to perform the observation."/>
          <comment
                   value="Only used if not implicit in code for Observation.code."/>
          <requirements
                        value="In some cases, method can impact results and is thus used for determining whether results can be compared or determining significance of results."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.method"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationMethod"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="example"/>
            <description value="Methods for simple observations."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-17"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="methodCode"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.specimen">
          <path value="Observation.specimen"/>
          <short value="Specimen used for this observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="The specimen that was used when this observation was made."/>
          <comment
                   value="Should only be used if not implicit in code found in `Observation.code`.  Observations are not made on specimens themselves; they are made on a subject, but in many cases by the means of a specimen. Note that although specimens are often involved, they are not always tracked and reported explicitly. Also note that observation resources may be used in contexts that track the specimen explicitly (e.g. Diagnostic Report)."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.specimen"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Specimen"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 123038009 |Specimen|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="SPM segment"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="participation[typeCode=SPC].specimen"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="704319004 |Inherent in|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.device">
          <path value="Observation.device"/>
          <short value="(Measurement) Device"/>
          <definition value="The device used to generate the observation data."/>
          <comment
                   value="Note that this is not meant to represent a device involved in the transmission of the result, e.g., a gateway.  Such devices may be documented using the Provenance resource where relevant."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.device"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Device"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/DeviceMetric"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 49062001 |Device|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-17 / PRT -10"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="participation[typeCode=DEV]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="424226004 |Using device|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange"/>
          <short value="Provides guide for interpretation"/>
          <definition
                      value="Guidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range.  Multiple reference ranges are interpreted as an &quot;OR&quot;.   In other words, to represent two distinct target populations, two `referenceRange` elements would be used."/>
          <comment
                   value="Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Knowing what values are considered &quot;normal&quot; can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.referenceRange"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="BackboneElement"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="obs-3"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Must have at least a low or a high or text"/>
            <expression value="low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()"/>
            <xpath value="(exists(f:low) or exists(f:high)or exists(f:text))"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX.7"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value="outboundRelationship[typeCode=REFV]/target[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN]"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.id">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.id"/>
          <representation value="xmlAttr"/>
          <short value="Unique id for inter-element referencing"/>
          <definition
                      value="Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Element.id"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fhir-type">
              <valueUrl value="string"/>
            </extension>
            <code value="http://hl7.org/fhirpath/System.String"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="n/a"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.extension">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.extension"/>
          <short value="Additional content defined by implementations"/>
          <definition
                      value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/>
          <comment
                   value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/>
          <alias value="extensions"/>
          <alias value="user content"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Element.extension"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Extension"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ext-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/>
            <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="n/a"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.modifierExtension">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.modifierExtension"/>
          <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized"/>
          <definition
                      value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself)."/>
          <comment
                   value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/extensibility.html#modifierExtension)."/>
          <alias value="extensions"/>
          <alias value="user content"/>
          <alias value="modifiers"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="BackboneElement.modifierExtension"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Extension"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ext-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/>
            <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="true"/>
          <isModifierReason
                            value="Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="N/A"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.low">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low"/>
          <short value="Low Range, if relevant"/>
          <definition
                      value="The value of the low bound of the reference range.  The low bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g.  reference range is &gt;=5 - &lt;=9). If the low bound is omitted,  it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is &lt;=2.3)."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.referenceRange.low"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Quantity"/>
            <profile
                     value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/SimpleQuantity"/>
          </type>
          <condition value="obs-3"/>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-7"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="value:IVL_PQ.low"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.high">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high"/>
          <short value="High Range, if relevant"/>
          <definition
                      value="The value of the high bound of the reference range.  The high bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g.  reference range is &gt;=5 - &lt;=9). If the high bound is omitted,  it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is &gt;= 2.3)."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.referenceRange.high"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Quantity"/>
            <profile
                     value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/SimpleQuantity"/>
          </type>
          <condition value="obs-3"/>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-7"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="value:IVL_PQ.high"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.type">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.type"/>
          <short value="Reference range qualifier"/>
          <definition
                      value="Codes to indicate the what part of the targeted reference population it applies to. For example, the normal or therapeutic range."/>
          <comment
                   value="This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range.  If this element is not present then the normal range is assumed."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Need to be able to say what kind of reference range this is - normal, recommended, therapeutic, etc.,  - for proper interpretation."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.referenceRange.type"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationRangeMeaning"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="preferred"/>
            <description value="Code for the meaning of a reference range."/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map
                 value="&lt; 260245000 |Findings values| OR
    &lt; 365860008 |General clinical state finding|
    OR
    &lt; 250171008 |Clinical history or observation findings| OR
    &lt; 415229000 |Racial group| OR
    &lt; 365400002 |Finding of puberty stage| OR
    &lt; 443938003 |Procedure carried out on subject|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-10"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="interpretationCode"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo"/>
          <short value="Reference range population"/>
          <definition
                      value="Codes to indicate the target population this reference range applies to.  For example, a reference range may be based on the normal population or a particular sex or race.  Multiple `appliesTo`  are interpreted as an &quot;AND&quot; of the target populations.  For example, to represent a target population of African American females, both a code of female and a code for African American would be used."/>
          <comment
                   value="This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range.  If this element is not present then the normal population is assumed."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Need to be able to identify the target population for proper interpretation."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationRangeType"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="example"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to."/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map
                 value="&lt; 260245000 |Findings values| OR
    &lt; 365860008 |General clinical state finding|
    OR
    &lt; 250171008 |Clinical history or observation findings| OR
    &lt; 415229000 |Racial group| OR
    &lt; 365400002 |Finding of puberty stage| OR
    &lt; 443938003 |Procedure carried out on subject|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-10"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="interpretationCode"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.age">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.age"/>
          <short value="Applicable age range, if relevant"/>
          <definition
                      value="The age at which this reference range is applicable. This is a neonatal age (e.g. number of weeks at term) if the meaning says so."/>
          <requirements value="Some analytes vary greatly over age."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.referenceRange.age"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Range"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value="outboundRelationship[typeCode=PRCN].targetObservationCriterion[code=&quot;age&quot;].value"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.referenceRange.text">
          <path value="Observation.referenceRange.text"/>
          <short value="Text based reference range in an observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="Text based reference range in an observation which may be used when a quantitative range is not appropriate for an observation.  An example would be a reference value of &quot;Negative&quot; or a list or table of &quot;normals&quot;."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.referenceRange.text"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="string"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-7"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="value:ST"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.hasMember">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.hasMember"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Reference to panel or multi-select responses"/>
          <definition
                      value="Aggregate set of Observations that represent question answer pairs for both multi-question surveys and multi-select questions."/>
          <comment
                   value="This grouping element is used to represent surveys that group several questions together or individual questions with  “check all that apply” responses. For example in the simplest case a flat multi-question survey where the &quot;panel&quot; observation is the survey instrument itself and instead of an `Observation.value` the `hasMember` element references other Observation that represent the individual questions answer pairs. In a survey that has a heirarchical grouping of questions, the observation &quot;panels&quot; can be nested. Because surveys can be arbitrarily complex structurally, not all survey structures can be represented using this Observation grouping pattern."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.hasMember"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-questionnaireresponse"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="Relationships established by OBX-4 usage"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="outBoundRelationship"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.derivedFrom">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.derivedFrom"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI) Related Observations or QuestionnaireResponses that the observation is made from"/>
          <definition
                      value="Observations or QuestionnaireResponses from which this observation value is derived."/>
          <comment
                   value="All the reference choices that are listed in this element can represent clinical observations and other measurements that may be the source for a derived value.  The most common reference will be another Observation.  For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together, see [Notes](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/observation.html#obsgrouping) below."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.derivedFrom"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-questionnaireresponse"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <mustSupport value="true"/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="Relationships established by OBX-4 usage"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value=".targetObservation"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component">
          <path value="Observation.component"/>
          <short value="Component results"/>
          <definition
                      value="Some observations have multiple component observations.  These component observations are expressed as separate code value pairs that share the same attributes.  Examples include systolic and diastolic component observations for blood pressure measurement and multiple component observations for genetics observations."/>
          <comment
                   value="For a discussion on the ways Observations can be assembled in groups together see [Notes](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/observation.html#notes) below."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Component observations share the same attributes in the Observation resource as the primary observation and are always treated a part of a single observation (they are not separable).   However, the reference range for the primary observation value is not inherited by the component values and is required when appropriate for each component observation."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.component"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="BackboneElement"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="containment by OBX-4?"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="outBoundRelationship[typeCode=COMP]"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.id">
          <path value="Observation.component.id"/>
          <representation value="xmlAttr"/>
          <short value="Unique id for inter-element referencing"/>
          <definition
                      value="Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Element.id"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/structuredefinition-fhir-type">
              <valueUrl value="string"/>
            </extension>
            <code value="http://hl7.org/fhirpath/System.String"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="n/a"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.extension">
          <path value="Observation.component.extension"/>
          <short value="Additional content defined by implementations"/>
          <definition
                      value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance  applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension."/>
          <comment
                   value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/>
          <alias value="extensions"/>
          <alias value="user content"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Element.extension"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Extension"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ext-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/>
            <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="n/a"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.modifierExtension">
          <path value="Observation.component.modifierExtension"/>
          <short value="Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized"/>
          <definition
                      value="May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself)."/>
          <comment
                   value="There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions.  The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Modifier extensions allow for extensions that *cannot* be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored.  This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the [definition of modifier extensions](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/extensibility.html#modifierExtension)."/>
          <alias value="extensions"/>
          <alias value="user content"/>
          <alias value="modifiers"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="BackboneElement.modifierExtension"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Extension"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ext-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="Must have either extensions or value[x], not both"/>
            <expression value="extension.exists() != value.exists()"/>
            <xpath
                   value="exists(f:extension)!=exists(f:*[starts-with(local-name(.), &quot;value&quot;)])"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Extension"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="true"/>
          <isModifierReason
                            value="Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="N/A"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.code">
          <path value="Observation.component.code"/>
          <short value="Type of component observation (code / type)"/>
          <definition
                      value="Describes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation &quot;code&quot;."/>
          <comment
                   value="*All* code-value and  component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation."/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.component.code"/>
            <min value="1"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationCode"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="example"/>
            <description value="Codes identifying names of simple observations."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="w5"/>
            <map value="FiveWs.what[x]"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map
                 value="&lt; 363787002 |Observable entity| OR
    &lt; 386053000 |Evaluation procedure|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-3"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="code"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.value[x]">
          <path value="Observation.component.value[x]"/>
          <short value="Actual component result"/>
          <definition
                      value="The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value."/>
          <comment
                   value="Used when observation has a set of component observations. An observation may have both a value (e.g. an  Apgar score)  and component observations (the observations from which the Apgar score was derived). If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value.  For additional guidance, see the [Notes section](http://hl7.org/fhir/R4/observation.html#notes) below."/>
          <requirements
                        value="An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.component.value[x]"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="Quantity"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="string"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="boolean"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="integer"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Range"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Ratio"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="SampledData"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="time"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="dateTime"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Period"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map
                 value="363714003 |Interprets| &lt; 441742003 |Evaluation finding|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX.2, OBX.5, OBX.6"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="value"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="363714003 |Interprets|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.dataAbsentReason">
          <path value="Observation.component.dataAbsentReason"/>
          <short value="Why the component result is missing"/>
          <definition
                      value="Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.component.value[x] is missing."/>
          <comment
                   value="&quot;Null&quot; or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations.  One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value.  For example, measurement values for a serology test could be  &quot;detected&quot;, &quot;not detected&quot;, &quot;inconclusive&quot;, or  &quot;test not done&quot;.

    The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values.  For example, the dataAbsentReason code &quot;error&quot; could be used when the measurement was not completed.  Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for exceptional values."/>
          <requirements
                        value="For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.component.dataAbsentReason"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <condition value="obs-6"/>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationValueAbsentReason"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="extensible"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="N/A"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="value.nullFlavor"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.interpretation">
          <path value="Observation.component.interpretation"/>
          <short value="High, low, normal, etc."/>
          <definition
                      value="A categorical assessment of an observation value.  For example, high, low, normal."/>
          <comment
                   value="Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ),  its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations  are relevant.  Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result."/>
          <requirements
                        value="For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result."/>
          <alias value="Abnormal Flag"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.component.interpretation"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationInterpretation"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="extensible"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes identifying interpretations of observations."/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation"/>
          </binding>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-concept"/>
            <map value="&lt; 260245000 |Findings values|"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX-8"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map value="interpretationCode"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="sct-attr"/>
            <map value="363713009 |Has interpretation|"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component.referenceRange">
          <path value="Observation.component.referenceRange"/>
          <short value="Provides guide for interpretation of component result"/>
          <definition
                      value="Guidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range."/>
          <comment
                   value="Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Knowing what values are considered &quot;normal&quot; can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.component.referenceRange"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <contentReference
                            value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation#Observation.referenceRange"/>
          <constraint>
            <key value="ele-1"/>
            <severity value="error"/>
            <human value="All FHIR elements must have a @value or children"/>
            <expression
                        value="hasValue() or (children().count() &gt; id.count())"/>
            <xpath value="@value|f:*|h:div"/>
            <source value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Element"/>
          </constraint>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="v2"/>
            <map value="OBX.7"/>
          </mapping>
          <mapping>
            <identity value="rim"/>
            <map
                 value="outboundRelationship[typeCode=REFV]/target[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN]"/>
          </mapping>
        </element>
      </snapshot>
      <differential>
        <element id="Observation">
          <path value="Observation"/>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.status">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.status"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) registered | prliminary | final | amended | corrected | entered-in-error | unknown"/>
          <binding>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/ValueSet/us-quality-core-non-negative-observation-status"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.category">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.category"/>
          <slicing>
            <discriminator>
              <type value="pattern"/>
              <path value="$this"/>
            </discriminator>
            <rules value="open"/>
          </slicing>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Classification of type of observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="A code that classifies the general type of observation being made."/>
          <comment
                   value="In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once.  The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed."/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.category"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationCategory"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <description value="Codes for high level observation categories."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.category:survey">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.category"/>
          <sliceName value="survey"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Classification of type of observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="A code that classifies the general type of observation being made."/>
          <comment
                   value="In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once.  The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Used for filtering if the observation is an assessment or screening."/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.category"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <patternCodeableConcept>
            <coding>
              <system
                      value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category"/>
              <code value="survey"/>
            </coding>
          </patternCodeableConcept>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationCategory"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <description value="Codes for high level observation categories."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.category:screening-assessment">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.category"/>
          <sliceName value="screening-assessment"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Classification of type of observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="Categories that a provider may use in their workflow to classify that this Observation is related to a USCDI Health Status/Assessments Data Class."/>
          <comment
                   value="In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once.  The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Used for filtering the type of screening or assessment observation."/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.category"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <strength value="required"/>
            <description
                         value="Note that other codes are permitted, see [Required Bindings When Slicing by Value Sets](http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/general-requirements.html#required-bindings-when-slicing-by-valuesets)"/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-screening-assessment-observation-category"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.code">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.code"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Type of observation (code / type)"/>
          <definition
                      value="Describes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation &quot;name&quot;."/>
          <comment
                   value="*All* code-value and, if present, component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation."/>
          <alias value="Name"/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.code"/>
            <min value="1"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
          <binding>
            <strength value="preferred"/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-survey-codes"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.subject">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.subject"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Who and/or what the observation is about"/>
          <min value="1"/>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-patient"/>
          </type>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.effective[x]">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.effective[x]"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation"/>
          <definition
                      value="The time or time-period the observed value is asserted as being true. For biological subjects - e.g. human patients - this is usually called the &quot;physiologically relevant time&quot;."/>
          <comment
                   value="At least a date should be present unless this observation is a historical report."/>
          <requirements
                        value="Knowing when an observation was deemed true is important to its relevance as well as determining trends."/>
          <alias value="Occurrence"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="1"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.effective[x]"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="1"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="dateTime"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Period"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Timing"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="instant"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="true"/>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.performer">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.performer"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Who is responsible for the observation"/>
          <comment
                   value="Some questions on questionnaires are not answered directly (e.g., asserted) by the individual completing the questionnaire, but are derived from answers to one or more other questions. For types of answers, `Observation.performer` should not be specified and `Observation.derivedFrom` should reference the relevant Screening Response Observation(s)."/>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-practitioner"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-organization"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-patient"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-practitionerrole"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-careteam"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-relatedperson"/>
          </type>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.value[x]">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <extension
                     url="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/uscdiplusquality">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.value[x]"/>
          <short value="(USCDI+ Quality) (USCDI) Actual result"/>
          <comment
                   value="An observation may have a value if it represents an individual survey question and answer pair. An observation should not have a value if it represents a multi-question survey or multi-select “check all that apply” question. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code.  A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value."/>
          <type>
            <code value="Quantity"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="string"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="boolean"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="integer"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Range"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Ratio"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="time"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="dateTime"/>
          </type>
          <type>
            <code value="Period"/>
          </type>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.dataAbsentReason">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.dataAbsentReason"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Why the result is missing"/>
          <definition
                      value="Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing."/>
          <comment
                   value="&quot;Null&quot; or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations.  One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value.  The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For a given LOINC question, if the LOINC answer list includes concepts such as 'unknown' or 'not available', they should be used for Observation.value. Where these concepts are not part of the value set for Observation.value, the Observation.dataAbsentReason can be used if necessary and appropriate."/>
          <requirements
                        value="For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements."/>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationValueAbsentReason"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="extensible"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing."/>
            <valueSet value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.interpretation">
          <path value="Observation.interpretation"/>
          <short value="High, low, normal, etc."/>
          <definition
                      value="A categorical assessment of an observation value.  For example, high, low, normal."/>
          <comment
                   value="Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ),  its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations  are relevant.  Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result."/>
          <requirements
                        value="For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result."/>
          <alias value="Abnormal Flag"/>
          <min value="0"/>
          <max value="*"/>
          <base>
            <path value="Observation.interpretation"/>
            <min value="0"/>
            <max value="*"/>
          </base>
          <type>
            <code value="CodeableConcept"/>
          </type>
          <isModifier value="false"/>
          <isSummary value="false"/>
          <binding>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/elementdefinition-bindingName">
              <valueString value="ObservationInterpretation"/>
            </extension>
            <strength value="extensible"/>
            <description
                         value="Codes identifying interpretations of observations."/>
            <valueSet
                      value="http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation"/>
          </binding>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.hasMember">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.hasMember"/>
          <short value="(USCDI) Reference to panel or multi-select responses"/>
          <definition
                      value="Aggregate set of Observations that represent question answer pairs for both multi-question surveys and multi-select questions."/>
          <comment
                   value="This grouping element is used to represent surveys that group several questions together or individual questions with  “check all that apply” responses. For example in the simplest case a flat multi-question survey where the &quot;panel&quot; observation is the survey instrument itself and instead of an `Observation.value` the `hasMember` element references other Observation that represent the individual questions answer pairs. In a survey that has a heirarchical grouping of questions, the observation &quot;panels&quot; can be nested. Because surveys can be arbitrarily complex structurally, not all survey structures can be represented using this Observation grouping pattern."/>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-questionnaireresponse"/>
          </type>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.derivedFrom">
          <extension
                     url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/uscdi-requirement">
            <valueBoolean value="true"/>
          </extension>
          <path value="Observation.derivedFrom"/>
          <short
                 value="(USCDI) Related Observations or QuestionnaireResponses that the observation is made from"/>
          <definition
                      value="Observations or QuestionnaireResponses from which this observation value is derived."/>
          <type>
            <code value="Reference"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-observation-screening-assessment"/>
            <targetProfile
                           value="http://fhir.org/guides/onc/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-questionnaireresponse"/>
          </type>
        </element>
        <element id="Observation.component">
          <path value="Observation.component"/>
          <short value="Component results"/>
        </element>
      </differential>
    </StructureDefinition>