HL7 FHIR Implementation Guide: Kenya IG Release 1 - Kenya Realm | STU1
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HL7 FHIR Implementation Guide: Kenya IG Release 1 - Kenya Realm | STU1, published by My Organization. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 1.0.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/DavidSaruni/Starter-Kenya-FHIR-IG/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: KenyaPatient - Detailed Descriptions

Active as of 2024-09-27

Definitions for the kenya-patient resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
2. Patient.extension
Control1..?
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • value @ url
  • 4. Patient.extension:KPS
    Slice NameKPS
    Control1..1
    TypeExtension(Key Population Status Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
    6. Patient.identifier
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control1..?
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ system
    • 8. Patient.identifier:MRN
      Slice NameMRN
      NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
      Control1..1
      10. Patient.identifier:MRN.system
      Control1..?
      Pattern Valuehttp://jembi.org/fhir/kenya-training-captain/identifier/mrn
      12. Patient.identifier:MRN.value
      Control1..?
      14. Patient.identifier:NID
      Slice NameNID
      NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
      Control0..1
      Must Supporttrue
      16. Patient.identifier:NID.system
      Control1..?
      Pattern Valuehttp://jembi.org/fhir/kenya-training-captain/identifier/nid
      18. Patient.identifier:NID.value
      Control1..?
      20. Patient.name
      22. Patient.name.family
      Control1..?
      24. Patient.name.given
      Control1..?
      26. Patient.telecom
      Definition

      reason(s) why this must be supported will be added

      28. Patient.gender
      Control1..?
      30. Patient.address
      32. Patient.address.line
      Control1..1
      34. Patient.address.city
      Control1..?
      36. Patient.address.district
      Control1..?
      38. Patient.address.state
      Control1..?
      40. Patient.address.country
      Control1..?
      42. Patient.maritalStatus
      Control1..?

      Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

      0. Patient
      Definition

      Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

      ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
      Control0..*
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
      Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
      dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
      dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
      dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
      dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
      2. Patient.implicitRules
      Definition

      A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

      ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
      Comments

      Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

      Control0..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      4. Patient.extension
      Definition

      An Extension


      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

      ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control10..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 6. Patient.extension:KPS
        Slice NameKPS
        Definition

        Key Population Status Extension

        ShortKey Population Status Extension
        Control1..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        TypeExtension(Key Population Status Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        8. Patient.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        10. Patient.identifier
        Definition

        An identifier for this patient.

        ShortAn identifier for this patient
        NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
        Control10..*
        TypeIdentifier
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ system
        • 12. Patient.identifier:MRN
          Slice NameMRN
          Definition

          An identifier for this patient.

          ShortAn identifier for this patient
          NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
          Control10..1*
          TypeIdentifier
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          14. Patient.identifier:MRN.use
          Definition

          The purpose of this identifier.

          Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
          Comments

          Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

          Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

          Typecode
          Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          16. Patient.identifier:MRN.system
          Definition

          Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

          ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
          Comments

          Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

          Control10..1
          Typeuri
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

          Pattern Valuehttp://jembi.org/fhir/kenya-training-captain/identifier/mrn
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          18. Patient.identifier:MRN.value
          Definition

          The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

          ShortThe value that is unique
          Comments

          If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

          Control10..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          20. Patient.identifier:NID
          Slice NameNID
          Definition

          An identifier for this patient.

          ShortAn identifier for this patient
          NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
          Control0..1*
          TypeIdentifier
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          22. Patient.identifier:NID.use
          Definition

          The purpose of this identifier.

          Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
          Comments

          Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

          Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

          Typecode
          Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          24. Patient.identifier:NID.system
          Definition

          Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

          ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
          Comments

          Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

          Control10..1
          Typeuri
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

          Pattern Valuehttp://jembi.org/fhir/kenya-training-captain/identifier/nid
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          26. Patient.identifier:NID.value
          Definition

          The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

          ShortThe value that is unique
          Comments

          If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

          Control10..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          28. Patient.active
          Definition

          Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

          It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

          Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

          ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
          Comments

          If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

          Control0..1
          Typeboolean
          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

          Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          30. Patient.name
          Definition

          A name associated with the individual.

          ShortA name associated with the patient
          Comments

          A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

          Control10..*
          TypeHumanName
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. The Alphabetic representation of the name SHALL be always provided


          Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ips-pat-1: Patient.name.given, Patient.name.family or Patient.name.text SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists())
          32. Patient.name.use
          Definition

          Identifies the purpose for this name.

          Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
          Comments

          Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

          The use of a human name.

          Typecode
          Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          34. Patient.name.text
          Definition

          Text representation of the full name. Due to the cultural variance around the world a consuming system may not know how to present the name correctly; moreover not all the parts of the name go in given or family. Creators are therefore strongly encouraged to provide through this element a presented version of the name. Future versions of this guide may require this element


          Specifies the entire name as it should be displayed e.g. on an application UI. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

          ShortText representation of the full name
          Comments

          Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          A renderable, unencoded form.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          36. Patient.name.family
          Definition

          The part of a name that links to the genealogy. In some cultures (e.g. Eritrea) the family name of a son is the first name of his father.

          ShortFamily name (often called 'Surname')
          Comments

          Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

          Control10..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Alternate Namessurname
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          38. Patient.name.given
          Definition

          Given name.

          ShortGiven names (not always 'first'). Includes middle names
          Comments

          If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

          Control10..*
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          40. Patient.telecom
          Definition

          reason(s) why this must be supported will be added


          A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

          ShortA contact detail for the individual
          Comments

          A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

          Control0..*
          TypeContactPoint
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          42. Patient.gender
          Definition

          Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

          Shortmale | female | other | unknown
          Comments

          The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

          Control10..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGenderhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

          The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

          Typecode
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          44. Patient.birthDate
          Definition

          The date of birth for the individual.

          ShortThe date of birth for the individual
          Comments

          At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

          Control10..1
          Typedate
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          LOINC Code21112-8
          46. Patient.deceased[x]
          Definition

          Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

          ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
          Comments

          If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

          Control0..1
          TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
          [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          48. Patient.address
          Definition

          An address for the individual.

          ShortAn address for the individual
          Comments

          Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

          Control0..*
          TypeAddress
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          pat-cnt-2or3-char: The content of the country element (if present) SHALL be selected EITHER from ValueSet ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2 OR MAY be selected from ISO Country Alpha-3 Value Set http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3, IF the country is not specified in value Set ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2. (country.empty() or (country.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2') or country.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3')))
          50. Patient.address.use
          Definition

          The purpose of this address.

          Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
          Comments

          Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

          The use of an address.

          Typecode
          Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

          Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          52. Patient.address.line
          Definition

          This component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information.

          ShortStreet name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc.
          Control10..1*
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          54. Patient.address.city
          Definition

          The name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center.

          ShortName of city, town etc.
          Control10..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate NamesMunicpality
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:Erewhon
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          56. Patient.address.district
          Definition

          The name of the administrative area (county).

          ShortDistrict name (aka county)
          Comments

          District is sometimes known as county, but in some regions 'county' is used in place of city (municipality), so county name should be conveyed in city instead.

          Control10..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate NamesCounty
          Example<br/><b>General</b>:Madison
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          58. Patient.address.state
          Definition

          Sub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes).

          ShortSub-unit of country (abbreviations ok)
          Control10..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Alternate NamesProvince, Territory
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          60. Patient.address.country
          Definition

          Country - a nation as commonly understood or generally accepted.

          ShortCountry (e.g. can be ISO 3166 2 or 3 letter code)
          Comments

          ISO 3166 3 letter codes can be used in place of a human readable country name.

          Control10..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          62. Patient.maritalStatus
          Definition

          This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

          ShortMarital (civil) status of a patient
          Control10..1
          BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Marital Status Codeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/marital-status
          (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/marital-status)

          The domestic partnership status of a person.

          TypeCodeableConcept
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Most, if not all systems capture it.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          64. Patient.generalPractitioner
          Definition

          Patient's nominated care provider.

          ShortPatient's nominated primary care provider
          Comments

          This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

          Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

          Control0..*
          TypeReference(Organization, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Must Supporttrue
          Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate NamescareProvider
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          66. Patient.link
          Definition

          Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

          ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
          Comments

          There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          There are multiple use cases:

          • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
          • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          68. Patient.link.modifierExtension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
          Summarytrue
          Requirements

          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          70. Patient.link.other
          Definition

          The other patient resource that the link refers to.

          ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
          Comments

          Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

          Control1..1
          TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          72. Patient.link.type
          Definition

          The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

          Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
          Control1..1
          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1
          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

          The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

          Typecode
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

          Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

          0. Patient
          Definition

          Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

          ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
          Control0..*
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
          Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
          dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
          dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
          dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
          dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
          2. Patient.id
          Definition

          The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

          ShortLogical id of this artifact
          Comments

          The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

          Control0..1
          Typeid
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summarytrue
          4. Patient.meta
          Definition

          The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

          ShortMetadata about the resource
          Control0..1
          TypeMeta
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          6. Patient.implicitRules
          Definition

          A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

          ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
          Comments

          Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

          Control0..1
          Typeuri
          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summarytrue
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          8. Patient.language
          Definition

          The base language in which the resource is written.

          ShortLanguage of the resource content
          Comments

          Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

          Control0..1
          BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
          (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

          A human language.

          Additional BindingsPurpose
          AllLanguagesMax Binding
          Typecode
          Is Modifierfalse
          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
          Summaryfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          10. Patient.text
          Definition

          A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

          ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
          Comments

          Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

          Control0..1
          TypeNarrative
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          12. Patient.contained
          Definition

          These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

          ShortContained, inline Resources
          Comments

          This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

          Control0..*
          TypeResource
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
          14. Patient.extension
          Definition

          An Extension

          ShortExtension
          Control1..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ url
          • 16. Patient.extension:KPS
            Slice NameKPS
            Definition

            Key Population Status Extension

            ShortKey Population Status Extension
            Control1..1
            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
            TypeExtension(Key Population Status Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            18. Patient.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            20. Patient.identifier
            Definition

            An identifier for this patient.

            ShortAn identifier for this patient
            NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
            Control1..*
            TypeIdentifier
            Is Modifierfalse
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ system
            • 22. Patient.identifier:MRN
              Slice NameMRN
              Definition

              An identifier for this patient.

              ShortAn identifier for this patient
              NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
              Control1..1
              TypeIdentifier
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              24. Patient.identifier:MRN.id
              Definition

              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              26. Patient.identifier:MRN.extension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
              • value @ url
              • 28. Patient.identifier:MRN.use
                Definition

                The purpose of this identifier.

                Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
                Comments

                Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

                Control0..1
                BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse
                (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

                Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

                Typecode
                Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                30. Patient.identifier:MRN.type
                Definition

                A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                ShortDescription of identifier
                Comments

                This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

                Control0..1
                BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codes
                (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type)

                A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                TypeCodeableConcept
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                32. Patient.identifier:MRN.system
                Definition

                Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

                ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
                Comments

                Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

                Control1..1
                Typeuri
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

                Pattern Valuehttp://jembi.org/fhir/kenya-training-captain/identifier/mrn
                Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                34. Patient.identifier:MRN.value
                Definition

                The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

                ShortThe value that is unique
                Comments

                If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

                Control1..1
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                36. Patient.identifier:MRN.period
                Definition

                Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.

                ShortTime period when id is/was valid for use
                Control0..1
                TypePeriod
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summarytrue
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                38. Patient.identifier:MRN.assigner
                Definition

                Organization that issued/manages the identifier.

                ShortOrganization that issued id (may be just text)
                Comments

                The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

                Control0..1
                TypeReference(Organization)
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summarytrue
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                40. Patient.identifier:NID
                Slice NameNID
                Definition

                An identifier for this patient.

                ShortAn identifier for this patient
                NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                Control0..1
                TypeIdentifier
                Is Modifierfalse
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                42. Patient.identifier:NID.id
                Definition

                Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                Control0..1
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                Summaryfalse
                44. Patient.identifier:NID.extension
                Definition

                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                Comments

                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                Control0..*
                TypeExtension
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summaryfalse
                Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                • value @ url
                • 46. Patient.identifier:NID.use
                  Definition

                  The purpose of this identifier.

                  Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
                  Comments

                  Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

                  Control0..1
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse
                  (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

                  Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

                  Typecode
                  Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  48. Patient.identifier:NID.type
                  Definition

                  A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                  ShortDescription of identifier
                  Comments

                  This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

                  Control0..1
                  BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codes
                  (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type)

                  A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

                  TypeCodeableConcept
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  50. Patient.identifier:NID.system
                  Definition

                  Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

                  ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
                  Comments

                  Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

                  Control1..1
                  Typeuri
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

                  Pattern Valuehttp://jembi.org/fhir/kenya-training-captain/identifier/nid
                  Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  52. Patient.identifier:NID.value
                  Definition

                  The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

                  ShortThe value that is unique
                  Comments

                  If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

                  Control1..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  54. Patient.identifier:NID.period
                  Definition

                  Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.

                  ShortTime period when id is/was valid for use
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  56. Patient.identifier:NID.assigner
                  Definition

                  Organization that issued/manages the identifier.

                  ShortOrganization that issued id (may be just text)
                  Comments

                  The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

                  Control0..1
                  TypeReference(Organization)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  58. Patient.active
                  Definition

                  Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

                  It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

                  Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

                  ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
                  Comments

                  If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

                  Control0..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

                  Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  60. Patient.name
                  Definition

                  A name associated with the individual.

                  ShortA name associated with the patient
                  Comments

                  A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

                  Control1..*
                  TypeHumanName
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name. The Alphabetic representation of the name SHALL be always provided

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ips-pat-1: Patient.name.given, Patient.name.family or Patient.name.text SHALL be present (family.exists() or given.exists() or text.exists())
                  62. Patient.name.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  64. Patient.name.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                  • value @ url
                  • 66. Patient.name.use
                    Definition

                    Identifies the purpose for this name.

                    Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
                    Comments

                    Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

                    Control0..1
                    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUse
                    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

                    The use of a human name.

                    Typecode
                    Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    68. Patient.name.text
                    Definition

                    Text representation of the full name. Due to the cultural variance around the world a consuming system may not know how to present the name correctly; moreover not all the parts of the name go in given or family. Creators are therefore strongly encouraged to provide through this element a presented version of the name. Future versions of this guide may require this element

                    ShortText representation of the full name
                    Comments

                    Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    A renderable, unencoded form.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    70. Patient.name.family
                    Definition

                    The part of a name that links to the genealogy. In some cultures (e.g. Eritrea) the family name of a son is the first name of his father.

                    ShortFamily name (often called 'Surname')
                    Comments

                    Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

                    Control1..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Alternate Namessurname
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    72. Patient.name.given
                    Definition

                    Given name.

                    ShortGiven names (not always 'first'). Includes middle names
                    Comments

                    If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

                    Control1..*
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    74. Patient.name.prefix
                    Definition

                    Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the start of the name.

                    ShortParts that come before the name
                    Control0..*
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    76. Patient.name.suffix
                    Definition

                    Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the end of the name.

                    ShortParts that come after the name
                    Control0..*
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    78. Patient.name.period
                    Definition

                    Indicates the period of time when this name was valid for the named person.

                    ShortTime period when name was/is in use
                    Control0..1
                    TypePeriod
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Allows names to be placed in historical context.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    80. Patient.telecom
                    Definition

                    reason(s) why this must be supported will be added

                    ShortA contact detail for the individual
                    Comments

                    A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

                    Control0..*
                    TypeContactPoint
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    82. Patient.gender
                    Definition

                    Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                    Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                    Comments

                    The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

                    Control1..1
                    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                    The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                    Typecode
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    84. Patient.birthDate
                    Definition

                    The date of birth for the individual.

                    ShortThe date of birth for the individual
                    Comments

                    At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

                    Control1..1
                    Typedate
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    LOINC Code21112-8
                    86. Patient.deceased[x]
                    Definition

                    Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

                    ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
                    Comments

                    If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

                    Control0..1
                    TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
                    [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    88. Patient.address
                    Definition

                    An address for the individual.

                    ShortAn address for the individual
                    Comments

                    Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeAddress
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    pat-cnt-2or3-char: The content of the country element (if present) SHALL be selected EITHER from ValueSet ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2 OR MAY be selected from ISO Country Alpha-3 Value Set http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3, IF the country is not specified in value Set ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2. (country.empty() or (country.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2') or country.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3')))
                    90. Patient.address.id
                    Definition

                    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                    Summaryfalse
                    92. Patient.address.extension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                    ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                    • value @ url
                    • 94. Patient.address.use
                      Definition

                      The purpose of this address.

                      Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
                      Comments

                      Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

                      Control0..1
                      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUse
                      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

                      The use of an address.

                      Typecode
                      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      96. Patient.address.type
                      Definition

                      Distinguishes between physical addresses (those you can visit) and mailing addresses (e.g. PO Boxes and care-of addresses). Most addresses are both.

                      Shortpostal | physical | both
                      Comments

                      The definition of Address states that "address is intended to describe postal addresses, not physical locations". However, many applications track whether an address has a dual purpose of being a location that can be visited as well as being a valid delivery destination, and Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

                      Control0..1
                      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressType
                      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-type|4.0.1)

                      The type of an address (physical / postal).

                      Typecode
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:both
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      98. Patient.address.text
                      Definition

                      Specifies the entire address as it should be displayed e.g. on a postal label. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

                      ShortText representation of the address
                      Comments

                      Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating an address SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      A renderable, unencoded form.

                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street, Erewhon 9132
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      100. Patient.address.line
                      Definition

                      This component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information.

                      ShortStreet name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc.
                      Control1..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      102. Patient.address.city
                      Definition

                      The name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center.

                      ShortName of city, town etc.
                      Control1..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Alternate NamesMunicpality
                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:Erewhon
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      104. Patient.address.district
                      Definition

                      The name of the administrative area (county).

                      ShortDistrict name (aka county)
                      Comments

                      District is sometimes known as county, but in some regions 'county' is used in place of city (municipality), so county name should be conveyed in city instead.

                      Control1..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Alternate NamesCounty
                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:Madison
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      106. Patient.address.state
                      Definition

                      Sub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes).

                      ShortSub-unit of country (abbreviations ok)
                      Control1..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Alternate NamesProvince, Territory
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      108. Patient.address.postalCode
                      Definition

                      A postal code designating a region defined by the postal service.

                      ShortPostal code for area
                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Alternate NamesZip
                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:9132
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      110. Patient.address.country
                      Definition

                      Country - a nation as commonly understood or generally accepted.

                      ShortCountry (e.g. can be ISO 3166 2 or 3 letter code)
                      Comments

                      ISO 3166 3 letter codes can be used in place of a human readable country name.

                      Control1..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      112. Patient.address.period
                      Definition

                      Time period when address was/is in use.

                      ShortTime period when address was/is in use
                      Control0..1
                      TypePeriod
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      Allows addresses to be placed in historical context.

                      Example<br/><b>General</b>:{ "start" : "2010-03-23", "end" : "2010-07-01" }
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      114. Patient.maritalStatus
                      Definition

                      This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

                      ShortMarital (civil) status of a patient
                      Control1..1
                      BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Marital Status Codes
                      (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/marital-status)

                      The domestic partnership status of a person.

                      TypeCodeableConcept
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Most, if not all systems capture it.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      116. Patient.multipleBirth[x]
                      Definition

                      Indicates whether the patient is part of a multiple (boolean) or indicates the actual birth order (integer).

                      ShortWhether patient is part of a multiple birth
                      Comments

                      Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated).

                      Control0..1
                      TypeChoice of: boolean, integer
                      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      118. Patient.photo
                      Definition

                      Image of the patient.

                      ShortImage of the patient
                      Comments

                      Guidelines:

                      • Use id photos, not clinical photos.
                      • Limit dimensions to thumbnail.
                      • Keep byte count low to ease resource updates.
                      Control0..*
                      TypeAttachment
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      120. Patient.contact
                      Definition

                      A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

                      ShortA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
                      Comments

                      Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeBackboneElement
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
                      122. Patient.contact.id
                      Definition

                      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                      Summaryfalse
                      124. Patient.contact.extension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      126. Patient.contact.modifierExtension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      128. Patient.contact.relationship
                      Definition

                      A concept that may be defined by a formal reference to a terminology or ontology or may be provided by text.

                      ShortConcept - reference to a terminology or just text
                      Comments

                      Not all terminology uses fit this general pattern. In some cases, models should not use CodeableConcept and use Coding directly and provide their own structure for managing text, codings, translations and the relationship between elements and pre- and post-coordination.

                      Control0..*
                      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                      BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
                      (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

                      The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

                      TypeCodeableConcept(Codeable Concept (IPS))
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Requirements

                      Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      130. Patient.contact.name
                      Definition

                      A name associated with the contact person.

                      ShortA name associated with the contact person
                      Control0..1
                      TypeHumanName
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      132. Patient.contact.telecom
                      Definition

                      A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

                      ShortA contact detail for the person
                      Comments

                      Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeContactPoint
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      134. Patient.contact.address
                      Definition

                      Address for the contact person.

                      ShortAddress for the contact person
                      Control0..1
                      TypeAddress
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      136. Patient.contact.gender
                      Definition

                      Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                      Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                      Control0..1
                      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                      The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                      Typecode
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Needed to address the person correctly.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      138. Patient.contact.organization
                      Definition

                      Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

                      ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
                      Control0..1
                      This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
                      TypeReference(Organization)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      140. Patient.contact.period
                      Definition

                      The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

                      ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
                      Control0..1
                      TypePeriod
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      142. Patient.communication
                      Definition

                      A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

                      ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                      Comments

                      If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeBackboneElement
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      144. Patient.communication.id
                      Definition

                      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                      Summaryfalse
                      146. Patient.communication.extension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      148. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      150. Patient.communication.language
                      Definition

                      The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

                      ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                      Comments

                      The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

                      Control1..1
                      BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
                      (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

                      A human language.

                      Additional BindingsPurpose
                      AllLanguagesMax Binding
                      TypeCodeableConcept
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      152. Patient.communication.preferred
                      Definition

                      Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

                      ShortLanguage preference indicator
                      Comments

                      This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

                      Control0..1
                      Typeboolean
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summaryfalse
                      Requirements

                      People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      154. Patient.generalPractitioner
                      Definition

                      Patient's nominated care provider.

                      ShortPatient's nominated primary care provider
                      Comments

                      This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

                      Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeReference(Organization, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Must Supporttrue
                      Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
                      Summaryfalse
                      Alternate NamescareProvider
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      156. Patient.managingOrganization
                      Definition

                      Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

                      ShortOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record
                      Comments

                      There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association).

                      Control0..1
                      TypeReference(Organization)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      158. Patient.link
                      Definition

                      Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

                      ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
                      Comments

                      There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeBackboneElement
                      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      There are multiple use cases:

                      • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
                      • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      160. Patient.link.id
                      Definition

                      Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                      ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                      Summaryfalse
                      162. Patient.link.extension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                      ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      164. Patient.link.modifierExtension
                      Definition

                      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                      Comments

                      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                      Summarytrue
                      Requirements

                      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      166. Patient.link.other
                      Definition

                      The other patient resource that the link refers to.

                      ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
                      Comments

                      Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

                      Control1..1
                      TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summarytrue
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      168. Patient.link.type
                      Definition

                      The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                      Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
                      Control1..1
                      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkType
                      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

                      The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                      Typecode
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))