mCODE Lite (mCODE-LITE)
0.1.0 - draft

mCODE Lite (mCODE-LITE), published by MITRE. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 0.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/CodeX-HL7-FHIR-Accelerator/mcode-lite/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: McodeFhPatient - Detailed Descriptions

Draft as of 2024-09-12

Definitions for the mcode-fh-cancer-patient resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
2. Patient.identifier
NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • pattern @ type
  • 4. Patient.identifier:Medicare
    Slice NameMedicare
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..1
    Must Supporttrue
    6. Patient.identifier:Medicare.type
    Control1..?
    Pattern Value{
      "coding" : [{
        "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0203",
        "code" : "MC"
      }]
    }

    Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

    0. Patient
    Definition

    -


    Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

    ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
    Comments

    -

    Control0..*
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summaryfalse
    Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
    Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
    dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
    dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
    dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
    dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
    us-core-6: Either Patient.name.given and/or Patient.name.family SHALL be present or a Data Absent Reason Extension SHALL be present. ((name.family.exists() or name.given.exists()) xor extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
    2. Patient.implicitRules
    Definition

    A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

    ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
    Comments

    Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

    Control0..1
    Typeuri
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    4. Patient.extension:race
    Slice Namerace
    Definition

    Concepts classifying the person into a named category of humans sharing common history, traits, geographical origin or nationality. The race codes used to represent these concepts are based upon the CDC Race and Ethnicity Code Set Version 1.0 which includes over 900 concepts for representing race and ethnicity of which 921 reference race. The race concepts are grouped by and pre-mapped to the 5 OMB race categories:

    • American Indian or Alaska Native
    • Asian
    • Black or African American
    • Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    • White.
    ShortUS Core Race Extension
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(US Core Race Extension) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    6. Patient.extension:ethnicity
    Slice Nameethnicity
    Definition

    Concepts classifying the person into a named category of humans sharing common history, traits, geographical origin or nationality. The ethnicity codes used to represent these concepts are based upon the CDC ethnicity and Ethnicity Code Set Version 1.0 which includes over 900 concepts for representing race and ethnicity of which 43 reference ethnicity. The ethnicity concepts are grouped by and pre-mapped to the 2 OMB ethnicity categories: - Hispanic or Latino - Not Hispanic or Latino.

    ShortUS Core ethnicity Extension
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(US Core Ethnicity Extension) (Complex Extension)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    8. Patient.extension:birthsex
    Slice Namebirthsex
    Definition

    A code classifying the person's sex assigned at birth as specified by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC).

    ShortExtension
    Comments

    The codes required are intended to present birth sex (i.e., the sex recorded on the patient’s birth certificate) and not gender identity or reassigned sex.

    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(US Core Birth Sex Extension) (Extension Type: code)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    10. Patient.extension:genderIdentity
    Slice NamegenderIdentity
    Definition

    An Extension

    ShortExtension
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(US Core Gender Identity Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supportfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    12. Patient.modifierExtension
    Definition

    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
    Comments

    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

    Control0..*
    TypeExtension
    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
    Summaryfalse
    Requirements

    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    14. Patient.identifier
    Definition

    An identifier for this patient.

    ShortAn identifier for this patient
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control10..*
    TypeIdentifier
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • pattern @ type
    • 16. Patient.identifier.use
      Definition

      The purpose of this identifier.

      Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
      Comments

      Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

      Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

      Typecode
      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      18. Patient.identifier.system
      Definition

      Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

      ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
      Comments

      Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

      Control10..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

      Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      20. Patient.identifier.value
      Definition

      The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

      ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
      Comments

      If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

      Control10..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      22. Patient.identifier:Medicare
      Slice NameMedicare
      Definition

      An identifier for this patient.

      ShortAn identifier for this patient
      NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
      Control0..1*
      TypeIdentifier
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      24. Patient.identifier:Medicare.use
      Definition

      The purpose of this identifier.

      Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
      Comments

      Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

      Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

      Typecode
      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      26. Patient.identifier:Medicare.type
      Definition

      A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

      ShortDescription of identifier
      Comments

      This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

      Control10..1
      BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codeshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type
      (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type)

      A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

      TypeCodeableConcept
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

      Pattern Value{
        "coding" : [{
          "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0203",
          "code" : "MC"
        }]
      }
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      28. Patient.identifier:Medicare.system
      Definition

      Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

      ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
      Comments

      Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

      Control10..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

      Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      30. Patient.identifier:Medicare.value
      Definition

      The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

      ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
      Comments

      If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

      Control10..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      32. Patient.active
      Definition

      Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

      It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

      Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

      ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
      Comments

      If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

      Control0..1
      Typeboolean
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

      Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      34. Patient.name
      Definition

      A name associated with the individual.

      ShortA name associated with the patient
      Comments

      A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

      Control10..*
      TypeHumanName
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      36. Patient.name.use
      Definition

      Identifies the purpose for this name.

      Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
      Comments

      Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

      The use of a human name.

      Typecode
      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      38. Patient.name.family
      Definition

      The part of a name that links to the genealogy. In some cultures (e.g. Eritrea) the family name of a son is the first name of his father.

      ShortFamily name (often called 'Surname')
      Comments

      Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

      Control0..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: us-core-6
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Alternate Namessurname
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      40. Patient.name.given
      Definition

      Given name.

      ShortGiven names (not always 'first'). Includes middle names
      Comments

      If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

      Control0..*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: us-core-6
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      42. Patient.telecom
      Definition

      A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

      ShortA contact detail for the individual
      Comments

      A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

      Control0..*
      TypeContactPoint
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supportfalse
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      44. Patient.telecom.system
      Definition

      Telecommunications form for contact point - what communications system is required to make use of the contact.

      Shortphone | fax | email | pager | url | sms | other
      Control10..1
      This element is affected by the following invariants: cpt-2
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from ContactPointSystemhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-system|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-system)

      Telecommunications form for contact point.

      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      46. Patient.telecom.value
      Definition

      The actual contact point details, in a form that is meaningful to the designated communication system (i.e. phone number or email address).

      ShortThe actual contact point details
      Comments

      Additional text data such as phone extension numbers, or notes about use of the contact are sometimes included in the value.

      Control10..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to support legacy numbers that are not in a tightly controlled format.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      48. Patient.telecom.use
      Definition

      Identifies the purpose for the contact point.

      Shorthome | work | temp | old | mobile - purpose of this contact point
      Comments

      Applications can assume that a contact is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from ContactPointUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-use|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-use)
      Typecode
      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old contact etc.for a current/permanent one
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Need to track the way a person uses this contact, so a user can choose which is appropriate for their purpose.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      50. Patient.gender
      Definition

      Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

      Shortmale | female | other | unknown
      Comments

      The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

      Control10..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGenderhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender)
      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      52. Patient.birthDate
      Definition

      The date of birth for the individual.

      ShortThe date of birth for the individual
      Comments

      At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

      Control0..1
      Typedate
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      LOINC Code21112-8
      54. Patient.deceased[x]
      Definition

      Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

      ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
      Comments

      If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

      Control0..1
      TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      56. Patient.address
      Definition

      An address for the individual.

      ShortAn address for the individual
      Comments

      Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

      Control0..*
      TypeAddress
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      58. Patient.address.use
      Definition

      The purpose of this address.

      Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
      Comments

      Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

      The use of an address.

      Typecode
      Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

      Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      60. Patient.address.line
      Definition

      This component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information.

      ShortStreet name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc.
      Control0..*
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      62. Patient.address.city
      Definition

      The name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center.

      ShortName of city, town etc.
      Control0..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Alternate NamesMunicpality
      Example<br/><b>General</b>:Erewhon
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      64. Patient.address.state
      Definition

      Sub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes).

      ShortSub-unit of country (abbreviations ok)
      Control0..1
      BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from For codes, see USPS Two Letter Alphabetic Codes
      (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-usps-state)

      Two Letter USPS alphabetic codes.

      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Alternate NamesProvince, Territory
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      66. Patient.address.postalCode
      Definition

      A postal code designating a region defined by the postal service.

      ShortUS Zip CodesPostal code for area
      Control0..1
      Typestring
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Alternate NamesZip, Zip Code
      Example<br/><b>General</b>:9132
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      68. Patient.address.period
      Definition

      Time period when address was/is in use.

      ShortTime period when address was/is in use
      Control0..1
      TypePeriod
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Allows addresses to be placed in historical context.

      Example<br/><b>General</b>:{ "start" : "2010-03-23", "end" : "2010-07-01" }
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      70. Patient.communication
      Definition

      A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

      ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
      Comments

      If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

      Control0..*
      TypeBackboneElement
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supportfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      72. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      74. Patient.communication.language
      Definition

      The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

      ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
      Comments

      The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

      Control1..1
      BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from The codes SHOULD be taken from Language codes with language and optionally a region modifierhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages
      (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/simple-language)
      TypeCodeableConcept
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summaryfalse
      Requirements

      Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      76. Patient.link
      Definition

      Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

      ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
      Comments

      There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

      Control0..*
      TypeBackboneElement
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      There are multiple use cases:

      • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
      • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      78. Patient.link.modifierExtension
      Definition

      May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

      Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

      ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
      Comments

      There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

      Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      80. Patient.link.other
      Definition

      The other patient resource that the link refers to.

      ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
      Comments

      Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

      Control1..1
      TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      82. Patient.link.type
      Definition

      The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

      Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
      Control1..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

      The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

      Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

      0. Patient
      Definition

      -

      ShortInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
      Comments

      -

      Control0..*
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
      Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
      dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
      dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
      dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
      dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
      us-core-6: Either Patient.name.given and/or Patient.name.family SHALL be present or a Data Absent Reason Extension SHALL be present. ((name.family.exists() or name.given.exists()) xor extension.where(url='http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/data-absent-reason').exists())
      2. Patient.id
      Definition

      The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

      ShortLogical id of this artifact
      Comments

      The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

      Control0..1
      Typeid
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      4. Patient.meta
      Definition

      The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

      ShortMetadata about the resource
      Control0..1
      TypeMeta
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      6. Patient.implicitRules
      Definition

      A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

      ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
      Comments

      Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

      Control0..1
      Typeuri
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      8. Patient.language
      Definition

      The base language in which the resource is written.

      ShortLanguage of the resource content
      Comments

      Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

      Control0..1
      BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
      (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

      A human language.

      Additional BindingsPurpose
      AllLanguagesMax Binding
      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      10. Patient.text
      Definition

      A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

      ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
      Comments

      Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

      Control0..1
      TypeNarrative
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      12. Patient.contained
      Definition

      These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

      ShortContained, inline Resources
      Comments

      This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

      Control0..*
      TypeResource
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
      14. Patient.extension
      Definition

      An Extension

      ShortExtension
      Control0..*
      TypeExtension
      Is Modifierfalse
      Summaryfalse
      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ url
      • 16. Patient.extension:race
        Slice Namerace
        Definition

        Concepts classifying the person into a named category of humans sharing common history, traits, geographical origin or nationality. The race codes used to represent these concepts are based upon the CDC Race and Ethnicity Code Set Version 1.0 which includes over 900 concepts for representing race and ethnicity of which 921 reference race. The race concepts are grouped by and pre-mapped to the 5 OMB race categories:

        • American Indian or Alaska Native
        • Asian
        • Black or African American
        • Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
        • White.
        ShortUS Core Race Extension
        Control0..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        TypeExtension(US Core Race Extension) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        18. Patient.extension:ethnicity
        Slice Nameethnicity
        Definition

        Concepts classifying the person into a named category of humans sharing common history, traits, geographical origin or nationality. The ethnicity codes used to represent these concepts are based upon the CDC ethnicity and Ethnicity Code Set Version 1.0 which includes over 900 concepts for representing race and ethnicity of which 43 reference ethnicity. The ethnicity concepts are grouped by and pre-mapped to the 2 OMB ethnicity categories: - Hispanic or Latino - Not Hispanic or Latino.

        ShortUS Core ethnicity Extension
        Control0..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        TypeExtension(US Core Ethnicity Extension) (Complex Extension)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        20. Patient.extension:birthsex
        Slice Namebirthsex
        Definition

        A code classifying the person's sex assigned at birth as specified by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC).

        ShortExtension
        Comments

        The codes required are intended to present birth sex (i.e., the sex recorded on the patient’s birth certificate) and not gender identity or reassigned sex.

        Control0..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        TypeExtension(US Core Birth Sex Extension) (Extension Type: code)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        22. Patient.extension:genderIdentity
        Slice NamegenderIdentity
        Definition

        An Extension

        ShortExtension
        Control0..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        TypeExtension(US Core Gender Identity Extension) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supportfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        24. Patient.modifierExtension
        Definition

        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control0..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
        Summaryfalse
        Requirements

        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        26. Patient.identifier
        Definition

        An identifier for this patient.

        ShortAn identifier for this patient
        NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
        Control1..*
        TypeIdentifier
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • pattern @ type
        • 28. Patient.identifier.id
          Definition

          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
          Control0..1
          Typestring
          Is Modifierfalse
          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
          Summaryfalse
          30. Patient.identifier.extension
          Definition

          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
          Comments

          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

          Control0..*
          TypeExtension
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ url
          • 32. Patient.identifier.use
            Definition

            The purpose of this identifier.

            Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
            Comments

            Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

            Control0..1
            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse
            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

            Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

            Typecode
            Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            34. Patient.identifier.type
            Definition

            A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

            ShortDescription of identifier
            Comments

            This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

            Control0..1
            BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codes
            (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type)

            A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

            TypeCodeableConcept
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            36. Patient.identifier.system
            Definition

            Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

            ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
            Comments

            Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

            Control1..1
            Typeuri
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

            Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            38. Patient.identifier.value
            Definition

            The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

            ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
            Comments

            If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

            Control1..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            40. Patient.identifier.period
            Definition

            Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.

            ShortTime period when id is/was valid for use
            Control0..1
            TypePeriod
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            42. Patient.identifier.assigner
            Definition

            Organization that issued/manages the identifier.

            ShortOrganization that issued id (may be just text)
            Comments

            The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

            Control0..1
            TypeReference(Organization)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summarytrue
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            44. Patient.identifier:Medicare
            Slice NameMedicare
            Definition

            An identifier for this patient.

            ShortAn identifier for this patient
            NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
            Control0..1
            TypeIdentifier
            Is Modifierfalse
            Must Supporttrue
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            46. Patient.identifier:Medicare.id
            Definition

            Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

            ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
            Control0..1
            Typestring
            Is Modifierfalse
            XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
            Summaryfalse
            48. Patient.identifier:Medicare.extension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

            ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Alternate Namesextensions, user content
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ url
            • 50. Patient.identifier:Medicare.use
              Definition

              The purpose of this identifier.

              Shortusual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
              Comments

              Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

              Control0..1
              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse
              (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1)

              Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

              Typecode
              Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              52. Patient.identifier:Medicare.type
              Definition

              A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

              ShortDescription of identifier
              Comments

              This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

              Control1..1
              BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codes
              (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type)

              A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

              TypeCodeableConcept
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

              Pattern Value{
                "coding" : [{
                  "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0203",
                  "code" : "MC"
                }]
              }
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              54. Patient.identifier:Medicare.system
              Definition

              Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

              ShortThe namespace for the identifier value
              Comments

              Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

              Control1..1
              Typeuri
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Must Supporttrue
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

              Example<br/><b>General</b>:http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              56. Patient.identifier:Medicare.value
              Definition

              The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

              ShortThe value that is unique within the system.
              Comments

              If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

              Control1..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Must Supporttrue
              Summarytrue
              Example<br/><b>General</b>:123456
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              58. Patient.identifier:Medicare.period
              Definition

              Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.

              ShortTime period when id is/was valid for use
              Control0..1
              TypePeriod
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              60. Patient.identifier:Medicare.assigner
              Definition

              Organization that issued/manages the identifier.

              ShortOrganization that issued id (may be just text)
              Comments

              The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

              Control0..1
              TypeReference(Organization)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              62. Patient.active
              Definition

              Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

              It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

              Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

              ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
              Comments

              If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

              Control0..1
              Typeboolean
              Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

              Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              64. Patient.name
              Definition

              A name associated with the individual.

              ShortA name associated with the patient
              Comments

              A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

              Control1..*
              TypeHumanName
              Is Modifierfalse
              Must Supporttrue
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              66. Patient.name.id
              Definition

              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
              Control0..1
              Typestring
              Is Modifierfalse
              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
              Summaryfalse
              68. Patient.name.extension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
              • value @ url
              • 70. Patient.name.use
                Definition

                Identifies the purpose for this name.

                Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
                Comments

                Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

                Control0..1
                BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUse
                (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

                The use of a human name.

                Typecode
                Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                72. Patient.name.text
                Definition

                Specifies the entire name as it should be displayed e.g. on an application UI. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

                ShortText representation of the full name
                Comments

                Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

                Control0..1
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                A renderable, unencoded form.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                74. Patient.name.family
                Definition

                The part of a name that links to the genealogy. In some cultures (e.g. Eritrea) the family name of a son is the first name of his father.

                ShortFamily name (often called 'Surname')
                Comments

                Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

                Control0..1
                This element is affected by the following invariants: us-core-6
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Alternate Namessurname
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                76. Patient.name.given
                Definition

                Given name.

                ShortGiven names (not always 'first'). Includes middle names
                Comments

                If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

                Control0..*
                This element is affected by the following invariants: us-core-6
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                78. Patient.name.prefix
                Definition

                Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the start of the name.

                ShortParts that come before the name
                Control0..*
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Summarytrue
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                80. Patient.name.suffix
                Definition

                Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the end of the name.

                ShortParts that come after the name
                Control0..*
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                Must Supportfalse
                Summarytrue
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                82. Patient.name.period
                Definition

                Indicates the period of time when this name was valid for the named person.

                ShortTime period when name was/is in use
                Control0..1
                TypePeriod
                Is Modifierfalse
                Must Supportfalse
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Allows names to be placed in historical context.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                84. Patient.telecom
                Definition

                A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

                ShortA contact detail for the individual
                Comments

                A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

                Control0..*
                TypeContactPoint
                Is Modifierfalse
                Must Supportfalse
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                86. Patient.telecom.id
                Definition

                Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                Control0..1
                Typestring
                Is Modifierfalse
                XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                Summaryfalse
                88. Patient.telecom.extension
                Definition

                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                Comments

                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                Control0..*
                TypeExtension
                Is Modifierfalse
                Summaryfalse
                Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.telecom.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                • value @ url
                • 90. Patient.telecom.system
                  Definition

                  Telecommunications form for contact point - what communications system is required to make use of the contact.

                  Shortphone | fax | email | pager | url | sms | other
                  Control1..1
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: cpt-2
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from ContactPointSystem
                  (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-system)

                  Telecommunications form for contact point.

                  Typecode
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  92. Patient.telecom.value
                  Definition

                  The actual contact point details, in a form that is meaningful to the designated communication system (i.e. phone number or email address).

                  ShortThe actual contact point details
                  Comments

                  Additional text data such as phone extension numbers, or notes about use of the contact are sometimes included in the value.

                  Control1..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to support legacy numbers that are not in a tightly controlled format.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  94. Patient.telecom.use
                  Definition

                  Identifies the purpose for the contact point.

                  Shorthome | work | temp | old | mobile - purpose of this contact point
                  Comments

                  Applications can assume that a contact is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

                  Control0..1
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from ContactPointUse
                  (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/contact-point-use)
                  Typecode
                  Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old contact etc.for a current/permanent one
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to track the way a person uses this contact, so a user can choose which is appropriate for their purpose.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  96. Patient.telecom.rank
                  Definition

                  Specifies a preferred order in which to use a set of contacts. ContactPoints with lower rank values are more preferred than those with higher rank values.

                  ShortSpecify preferred order of use (1 = highest)
                  Comments

                  Note that rank does not necessarily follow the order in which the contacts are represented in the instance.

                  Control0..1
                  TypepositiveInt
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  98. Patient.telecom.period
                  Definition

                  Time period when the contact point was/is in use.

                  ShortTime period when the contact point was/is in use
                  Control0..1
                  TypePeriod
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summarytrue
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  100. Patient.gender
                  Definition

                  Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                  Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                  Comments

                  The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

                  Control1..1
                  BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                  (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender)
                  Typecode
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  102. Patient.birthDate
                  Definition

                  The date of birth for the individual.

                  ShortThe date of birth for the individual
                  Comments

                  At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

                  Control0..1
                  Typedate
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  LOINC Code21112-8
                  104. Patient.deceased[x]
                  Definition

                  Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

                  ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
                  Comments

                  If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

                  Control0..1
                  TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
                  [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                  Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Must Support TypesNo must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  106. Patient.address
                  Definition

                  An address for the individual.

                  ShortAn address for the individual
                  Comments

                  Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeAddress
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  108. Patient.address.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  110. Patient.address.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                  • value @ url
                  • 112. Patient.address.use
                    Definition

                    The purpose of this address.

                    Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
                    Comments

                    Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

                    Control0..1
                    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUse
                    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

                    The use of an address.

                    Typecode
                    Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    114. Patient.address.type
                    Definition

                    Distinguishes between physical addresses (those you can visit) and mailing addresses (e.g. PO Boxes and care-of addresses). Most addresses are both.

                    Shortpostal | physical | both
                    Comments

                    The definition of Address states that "address is intended to describe postal addresses, not physical locations". However, many applications track whether an address has a dual purpose of being a location that can be visited as well as being a valid delivery destination, and Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

                    Control0..1
                    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressType
                    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-type|4.0.1)

                    The type of an address (physical / postal).

                    Typecode
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:both
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    116. Patient.address.text
                    Definition

                    Specifies the entire address as it should be displayed e.g. on a postal label. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

                    ShortText representation of the address
                    Comments

                    Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating an address SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    A renderable, unencoded form.

                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street, Erewhon 9132
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    118. Patient.address.line
                    Definition

                    This component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information.

                    ShortStreet name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc.
                    Control0..*
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    120. Patient.address.city
                    Definition

                    The name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center.

                    ShortName of city, town etc.
                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Alternate NamesMunicpality
                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:Erewhon
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    122. Patient.address.district
                    Definition

                    The name of the administrative area (county).

                    ShortDistrict name (aka county)
                    Comments

                    District is sometimes known as county, but in some regions 'county' is used in place of city (municipality), so county name should be conveyed in city instead.

                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Alternate NamesCounty
                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:Madison
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    124. Patient.address.state
                    Definition

                    Sub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes).

                    ShortSub-unit of country (abbreviations ok)
                    Control0..1
                    BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from USPS Two Letter Alphabetic Codes
                    (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/us-core-usps-state)

                    Two Letter USPS alphabetic codes.

                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Alternate NamesProvince, Territory
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    126. Patient.address.postalCode
                    Definition

                    A postal code designating a region defined by the postal service.

                    ShortUS Zip Codes
                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Alternate NamesZip, Zip Code
                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:9132
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    128. Patient.address.country
                    Definition

                    Country - a nation as commonly understood or generally accepted.

                    ShortCountry (e.g. can be ISO 3166 2 or 3 letter code)
                    Comments

                    ISO 3166 3 letter codes can be used in place of a human readable country name.

                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    130. Patient.address.period
                    Definition

                    Time period when address was/is in use.

                    ShortTime period when address was/is in use
                    Control0..1
                    TypePeriod
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Allows addresses to be placed in historical context.

                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:{ "start" : "2010-03-23", "end" : "2010-07-01" }
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    132. Patient.maritalStatus
                    Definition

                    This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

                    ShortMarital (civil) status of a patient
                    Control0..1
                    BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Marital Status Codes
                    (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/marital-status)

                    The domestic partnership status of a person.

                    TypeCodeableConcept
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Most, if not all systems capture it.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    134. Patient.multipleBirth[x]
                    Definition

                    Indicates whether the patient is part of a multiple (boolean) or indicates the actual birth order (integer).

                    ShortWhether patient is part of a multiple birth
                    Comments

                    Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated).

                    Control0..1
                    TypeChoice of: boolean, integer
                    [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    136. Patient.photo
                    Definition

                    Image of the patient.

                    ShortImage of the patient
                    Comments

                    Guidelines:

                    • Use id photos, not clinical photos.
                    • Limit dimensions to thumbnail.
                    • Keep byte count low to ease resource updates.
                    Control0..*
                    TypeAttachment
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    138. Patient.contact
                    Definition

                    A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

                    ShortA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
                    Comments

                    Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeBackboneElement
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
                    140. Patient.contact.id
                    Definition

                    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                    Summaryfalse
                    142. Patient.contact.extension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                    ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    144. Patient.contact.modifierExtension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    146. Patient.contact.relationship
                    Definition

                    The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

                    ShortThe kind of relationship
                    Control0..*
                    BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
                    (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

                    The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

                    TypeCodeableConcept
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    148. Patient.contact.name
                    Definition

                    A name associated with the contact person.

                    ShortA name associated with the contact person
                    Control0..1
                    TypeHumanName
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    150. Patient.contact.telecom
                    Definition

                    A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

                    ShortA contact detail for the person
                    Comments

                    Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeContactPoint
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    152. Patient.contact.address
                    Definition

                    Address for the contact person.

                    ShortAddress for the contact person
                    Control0..1
                    TypeAddress
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    154. Patient.contact.gender
                    Definition

                    Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                    Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                    Control0..1
                    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                    The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                    Typecode
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Needed to address the person correctly.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    156. Patient.contact.organization
                    Definition

                    Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

                    ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
                    Control0..1
                    This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
                    TypeReference(Organization)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    158. Patient.contact.period
                    Definition

                    The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

                    ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
                    Control0..1
                    TypePeriod
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    160. Patient.communication
                    Definition

                    A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

                    ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                    Comments

                    If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeBackboneElement
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Must Supportfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    162. Patient.communication.id
                    Definition

                    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                    Summaryfalse
                    164. Patient.communication.extension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                    ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    166. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    168. Patient.communication.language
                    Definition

                    The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

                    ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                    Comments

                    The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

                    Control1..1
                    BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Language codes with language and optionally a region modifier
                    (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/ValueSet/simple-language)
                    TypeCodeableConcept
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Must Supporttrue
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    170. Patient.communication.preferred
                    Definition

                    Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

                    ShortLanguage preference indicator
                    Comments

                    This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

                    Control0..1
                    Typeboolean
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summaryfalse
                    Requirements

                    People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    172. Patient.generalPractitioner
                    Definition

                    Patient's nominated care provider.

                    ShortPatient's nominated primary care provider
                    Comments

                    This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

                    Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeReference(Organization, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Alternate NamescareProvider
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    174. Patient.managingOrganization
                    Definition

                    Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

                    ShortOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record
                    Comments

                    There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association).

                    Control0..1
                    TypeReference(Organization)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    176. Patient.link
                    Definition

                    Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

                    ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
                    Comments

                    There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeBackboneElement
                    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    There are multiple use cases:

                    • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
                    • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    178. Patient.link.id
                    Definition

                    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                    Summaryfalse
                    180. Patient.link.extension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                    ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    182. Patient.link.modifierExtension
                    Definition

                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                    Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                    ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                    Comments

                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    184. Patient.link.other
                    Definition

                    The other patient resource that the link refers to.

                    ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
                    Comments

                    Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

                    Control1..1
                    TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summarytrue
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    186. Patient.link.type
                    Definition

                    The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                    Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
                    Control1..1
                    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkType
                    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

                    The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                    Typecode
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))