Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

...All modifiers SHALL be documented in the profile, in order to be usable.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

...All modifiers SHALL be documented in the profile, in order to be usable.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

A container for a collection of resources.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc. All modifiers SHALL be documented in the profile, in order to be usable.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

A human language.

A persistent identifier for the bundle that won't change as a bundle is copied from server to server.

Persistent identity generally only matters for batches of type Document, Message, and Collection. It would not normally be populated for search and history results and servers ignore Bundle.identifier when processing batches and transactions. For Documents the .identifier SHALL be populated such that the .identifier is globally unique.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

The purpose of this identifier.

Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.

Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .

Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.

A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.

Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.

Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.

Identifier.system is always case sensitive.

There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.

The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.

If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.

Indicates the purpose of this bundle - how it is intended to be used.

It's possible to use a bundle for other purposes (e.g. a document can be accepted as a transaction). This is primarily defined so that there can be specific rules for some of the bundle types.

Indicates the purpose of a bundle - how it is intended to be used.

The date/time that the bundle was assembled - i.e. when the resources were placed in the bundle.

For many bundles, the timestamp is equal to .meta.lastUpdated, because they are not stored (e.g. search results). When a bundle is placed in a persistent store, .meta.lastUpdated will be usually be changed by the server. When the bundle is a message, a middleware agent altering the message (even if not stored) SHOULD update .meta.lastUpdated. .timestamp is used to track the original time of the Bundle, and SHOULD be populated.

Usage:

• document : the date the document was created. Note: the composition may predate the document, or be associated with multiple documents. The date of the composition - the authoring time - may be earlier than the document assembly time
• message : the date that the content of the message was assembled. This date is not changed by middleware engines unless they add additional data that changes the meaning of the time of the message
• history : the date that the history was assembled. This time would be used as the _since time to ask for subsequent updates
• searchset : the time that the search set was assembled. Note that different pages MAY have different timestamps but need not. Having different timestamps does not imply that subsequent pages will represent or include changes made since the initial query
• transaction | transaction-response | batch | batch-response | collection : no particular assigned meaning

The timestamp value should be greater than the lastUpdated and other timestamps in the resources in the bundle, and it should be equal or earlier than the .meta.lastUpdated on the Bundle itself.

If a set of search matches, this is the total number of entries of type 'match' across all pages in the search. It does not include search.mode = 'include' or 'outcome' entries and it does not provide a count of the number of entries in the Bundle.

Only used if the bundle is a search result set. The total does not include resources such as OperationOutcome and included resources, only the total number of matching resources.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Both Bundle.link and Bundle.entry.link are defined to support providing additional context when Bundles are used (e.g. HATEOAS).

Bundle.entry.link corresponds to links found in the HTTP header if the resource in the entry was read directly.

This specification defines some specific uses of Bundle.link for searching and paging, but no specific uses for Bundle.entry.link, and no defined function in a transaction - the meaning is implementation specific.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

A name which details the functional use for this link - see http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml#link-relations-1.

The reference details for the link.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

An Extension

All modifiers SHALL be documented in the profile, in order to be usable.

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

The Absolute URL for the resource. The fullUrl SHALL NOT disagree with the id in the resource - i.e. if the fullUrl is not a urn:uuid, the URL shall be version-independent URL consistent with the Resource.id. The fullUrl is a version independent reference to the resource. The fullUrl element SHALL have a value except that:

• fullUrl can be empty on a POST (although it does not need to when specifying a temporary id for reference in the bundle)
• Results from operations might involve resources that are not identified.

fullUrl might not be unique in the context of a resource. Note that since FHIR resources do not need to be served through the FHIR API, the fullURL might be a URN or an absolute URL that does not end with the logical id of the resource (Resource.id). However, but if the fullUrl does look like a RESTful server URL (e.g. meets the regex, then the 'id' portion of the fullUrl SHALL end with the Resource.id.

Note that the fullUrl is not the same as the canonical URL - it's an absolute url for an endpoint serving the resource (these will happen to have the same value on the canonical server for the resource with the canonical URL).

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

A set of healthcare-related information that is assembled together into a single logical package that provides a single coherent statement of meaning, establishes its own context and that has clinical attestation with regard to who is making the statement. A Composition defines the structure and narrative content necessary for a document. However, a Composition alone does not constitute a document. Rather, the Composition must be the first entry in a Bundle where Bundle.type=document, and any other resources referenced from Composition must be included as subsequent entries in the Bundle (for example Patient, Practitioner, Encounter, etc.).

While the focus of this specification is on patient-specific clinical statements, this resource can also apply to other healthcare-related statements such as study protocol designs, healthcare invoices and other activities that are not necessarily patient-specific or clinical.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

The CH Core Patient is based upon the core FHIR Patient Resource and designed to meet the applicable patient demographic data elements in Switzerland. See also https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/register/personenregister/registerharmonisierung/nomenklaturen.html for further information

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

The CH Core Practitioner is based upon the core FHIR Practitioner Resource and designed to meet the applicable practitioner demographic data elements in Switzerland. See also https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/register/personenregister/registerharmonisierung/nomenklaturen.html for further information

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

A specific set of Roles/Locations/specialties/services that a practitioner may perform at an organization for a period of time.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

A formally or informally recognized grouping of people or organizations formed for the purpose of achieving some form of collective action. Includes companies, institutions, corporations, departments, community groups, healthcare practice groups, payer/insurer, etc.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

Information about a person that is involved in the care for a patient, but who is not the target of healthcare, nor has a formal responsibility in the care process.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

A type of a manufactured item that is used in the provision of healthcare without being substantially changed through that activity. The device may be a medical or non-medical device.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

This is basic constraint on Encounter for use in CH Core resources.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

Details and position information for a physical place where services are provided and resources and participants may be stored, found, contained, or accommodated.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

The Absolute URL for the resource. The fullUrl SHALL NOT disagree with the id in the resource - i.e. if the fullUrl is not a urn:uuid, the URL shall be version-independent URL consistent with the Resource.id. The fullUrl is a version independent reference to the resource. The fullUrl element SHALL have a value except that:

• fullUrl can be empty on a POST (although it does not need to when specifying a temporary id for reference in the bundle)
• Results from operations might involve resources that are not identified.

fullUrl might not be unique in the context of a resource. Note that since FHIR resources do not need to be served through the FHIR API, the fullURL might be a URN or an absolute URL that does not end with the logical id of the resource (Resource.id). However, but if the fullUrl does look like a RESTful server URL (e.g. meets the regex, then the 'id' portion of the fullUrl SHALL end with the Resource.id.

Note that the fullUrl is not the same as the canonical URL - it's an absolute url for an endpoint serving the resource (these will happen to have the same value on the canonical server for the resource with the canonical URL).

A resource that represents the data of a single raw artifact as digital content accessible in its native format. A Binary resource can contain any content, whether text, image, pdf, zip archive, etc.

Typically, Binary resources are used for handling content such as:

• CDA Documents (i.e. with XDS)
• PDF Documents
• Images (the Media resource is preferred for handling images, but not possible when the content is already binary - e.g. XDS).

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

The Absolute URL for the resource. The fullUrl SHALL NOT disagree with the id in the resource - i.e. if the fullUrl is not a urn:uuid, the URL shall be version-independent URL consistent with the Resource.id. The fullUrl is a version independent reference to the resource. The fullUrl element SHALL have a value except that:

• fullUrl can be empty on a POST (although it does not need to when specifying a temporary id for reference in the bundle)
• Results from operations might involve resources that are not identified.

fullUrl might not be unique in the context of a resource. Note that since FHIR resources do not need to be served through the FHIR API, the fullURL might be a URN or an absolute URL that does not end with the logical id of the resource (Resource.id). However, but if the fullUrl does look like a RESTful server URL (e.g. meets the regex, then the 'id' portion of the fullUrl SHALL end with the Resource.id.

Note that the fullUrl is not the same as the canonical URL - it's an absolute url for an endpoint serving the resource (these will happen to have the same value on the canonical server for the resource with the canonical URL).

A record of a medication that is being consumed by a patient. A MedicationStatement may indicate that the patient may be taking the medication now or has taken the medication in the past or will be taking the medication in the future. The source of this information can be the patient, significant other (such as a family member or spouse), or a clinician. A common scenario where this information is captured is during the history taking process during a patient visit or stay. The medication information may come from sources such as the patient's memory, from a prescription bottle, or from a list of medications the patient, clinician or other party maintains.

The primary difference between a medication statement and a medication administration is that the medication administration has complete administration information and is based on actual administration information from the person who administered the medication. A medication statement is often, if not always, less specific. There is no required date/time when the medication was administered, in fact we only know that a source has reported the patient is taking this medication, where details such as time, quantity, or rate or even medication product may be incomplete or missing or less precise. As stated earlier, the medication statement information may come from the patient's memory, from a prescription bottle or from a list of medications the patient, clinician or other party maintains. Medication administration is more formal and is not missing detailed information.

When interpreting a medicationStatement, the value of the status and NotTaken needed to be considered: MedicationStatement.status + MedicationStatement.wasNotTaken Status=Active + NotTaken=T = Not currently taking Status=Completed + NotTaken=T = Not taken in the past Status=Intended + NotTaken=T = No intention of taking Status=Active + NotTaken=F = Taking, but not as prescribed Status=Active + NotTaken=F = Taking Status=Intended +NotTaken= F = Will be taking (not started) Status=Completed + NotTaken=F = Taken in past Status=In Error + NotTaken=N/A = In Error.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

An entry in a bundle resource - will either contain a resource or information about a resource (transactions and history only).

An Extension

A series of links that provide context to this entry.

The Absolute URL for the resource. The fullUrl SHALL NOT disagree with the id in the resource - i.e. if the fullUrl is not a urn:uuid, the URL shall be version-independent URL consistent with the Resource.id. The fullUrl is a version independent reference to the resource. The fullUrl element SHALL have a value except that:

• fullUrl can be empty on a POST (although it does not need to when specifying a temporary id for reference in the bundle)
• Results from operations might involve resources that are not identified.

fullUrl might not be unique in the context of a resource. Note that since FHIR resources do not need to be served through the FHIR API, the fullURL might be a URN or an absolute URL that does not end with the logical id of the resource (Resource.id). However, but if the fullUrl does look like a RESTful server URL (e.g. meets the regex, then the 'id' portion of the fullUrl SHALL end with the Resource.id.

Note that the fullUrl is not the same as the canonical URL - it's an absolute url for an endpoint serving the resource (these will happen to have the same value on the canonical server for the resource with the canonical URL).

Measurements and simple assertions made about a patient, device or other subject.

Used for simple observations such as device measurements, laboratory atomic results, vital signs, height, weight, smoking status, comments, etc. Other resources are used to provide context for observations such as laboratory reports, etc.

Information about the search process that lead to the creation of this entry.

Additional information about how this entry should be processed as part of a transaction or batch. For history, it shows how the entry was processed to create the version contained in the entry.

Indicates the results of processing the corresponding 'request' entry in the batch or transaction being responded to or what the results of an operation where when returning history.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

The signature could be created by the "author" of the bundle or by the originating device. Requirements around inclusion of a signature, verification of signatures and treatment of signed/non-signed bundles is implementation-environment specific.

A Signature holds an electronic representation of a signature and its supporting context in a FHIR accessible form. The signature may either be a cryptographic type (XML DigSig or a JWS), which is able to provide non-repudiation proof, or it may be a graphical image that represents a signature or a signature process. This element allows capturing signatures on documents, messages, transactions or even search responses, to support content-authentication, non-repudiation or other business cases. This is primarily relevant where the bundle may travel through multiple hops or via other mechanisms where HTTPS non-repudiation is insufficient.

A container for a collection of resources.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

Implementers should not set or read this element. This element is only kept as optional to allow submission of documents that would contain a value, since those documents are still readable by others. The meaning of this element is undefined in this profile.

The server assigns this value, and ignores what the client specifies, except in the case that the server is imposing version integrity on updates/deletes.