<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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 * Copyright (C) 2014 - 2019 Health Level 7
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/*
  Copyright (c) 2011+, HL7, Inc.
  All rights reserved.
  
  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, 
  are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  
   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this 
     list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
   * Neither the name of HL7 nor the names of its contributors may be used to 
     endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific 
     prior written permission.
  
  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND 
  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 
  WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 
  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 
  INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 
  NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR 
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  ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  

  Generated on Tue, May 19, 2026 20:26+0000 for FHIR v6.0.0-ballot4 

  Note: the schemas &amp; schematrons do not contain all of the rules about what makes resources
  valid. Implementers will still need to be familiar with the content of the specification and with
  any profiles that apply to the resources in order to make a conformant implementation.

-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" targetNamespace="http://hl7.org/fhir" elementFormDefault="qualified" version="1.0">
  <xs:include schemaLocation="fhir-base.xsd"/>
  <xs:element name="ResearchStudy" type="ResearchStudy">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
  </xs:element>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">If the element is present, it must have either a @value, an @id, or extensions</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="DomainResource">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="url" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="uri">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Canonical identifier for this study resource, represented as a globally unique URI.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="identifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="Identifier">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers assigned to this research study by the sponsor or other systems.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="version" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The business version for the study record.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Name for this study (computer friendly).</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="title" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The human readable name of the research study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="label" type="ResearchStudy.Label" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Additional names for the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="protocol" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The set of steps expected to be performed as part of the execution of the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="partOf" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A larger research study of which this particular study is a component or step.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="citeAs" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Display of the bibliographic citation of this ResearchStudy.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="relatesTo" type="ResearchStudy.RelatesTo" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Relationships that this ResearchStudy has with other FHIR or non-FHIR resources that already exist.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="date" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="dateTime">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The date (and optionally time) when the ResearchStudy Resource was last significantly changed. The date must change when the business version changes and it must change if the status code changes. In addition, it should change when the substantive content of the ResearchStudy Resource changes.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="status" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="PublicationStatus">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The publication state of the resource (not of the study).</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="purposeType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The type of study based upon the intent of the study activities. A classification of the intent of the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="phase" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The stage in the progression of a therapy from initial experimental use in humans in clinical trials to post-market evaluation.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="studyDesign" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Codes categorizing the type of study such as investigational vs. observational, type of blinding, type of randomization, safety vs. efficacy, etc.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="focus" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableReference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The medication(s), food(s), therapy(ies), device(s) or other concerns or interventions that the study is seeking to gain more information about.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="condition" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The condition that is the focus of the study. For example, In a study to examine risk factors for Lupus, might have as an inclusion criterion &quot;healthy volunteer&quot;, but the target condition code would be a Lupus SNOMED code.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="keyword" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Key terms to aid in searching for or filtering the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="region" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A country, state or other area where the study is taking place rather than its precise geographic location or address.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="descriptionSummary" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A brief text for explaining the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A detailed and human-readable narrative of the study. E.g., study abstract.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="period" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Period">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifies the start date and the expected (or actual, depending on status) end date for the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="site" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A facility in which study activities are conducted.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="note" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="Annotation">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Comments made about the study by the performer, subject or other participants.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="classifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Additional grouping mechanism or categorization of a research study. Example: FDA regulated device, FDA regulated drug, MPG Paragraph 23b (a German legal requirement), IRB-exempt, etc. Implementation Note: do not use the classifier element to support existing semantics that are already supported thru explicit elements in the resource.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="associatedParty" type="ResearchStudy.AssociatedParty" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Sponsors, collaborators, and other parties.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="progressStatus" type="ResearchStudy.ProgressStatus" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Dates for status changes for the conduct of the study, or study registry and administrative actions.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="whyStopped" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A description and/or code explaining the premature termination of the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="recruitment" type="ResearchStudy.Recruitment" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Target or actual group of participants enrolled in study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="comparisonGroup" type="ResearchStudy.ComparisonGroup" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Describes an expected event or sequence of events for one of the subjects of a study. E.g. for a living subject: exposure to drug A, wash-out, exposure to drug B, wash-out, follow-up. E.g. for a stability study: {store sample from lot A at 25 degrees for 1 month}, {store sample from lot A at 40 degrees for 1 month}.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="objective" type="ResearchStudy.Objective" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A goal that the study is aiming to achieve in terms of a scientific question to be answered by the analysis of data collected during the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="result" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Link to one or more sets of results generated by the study. Could also link to a research registry holding the results such as ClinicalTrials.gov.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.Label">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Kind of name.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="value" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The name.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="language" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="code">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Used to express the specific language of the title.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.RelatesTo">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="type" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The type of relationship to the related artifact.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" >
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The artifact that is related to this ResearchStudy Resource.</xs:documentation>
            </xs:annotation>
            <xs:element name="targetUri" type="uri"/>
            <xs:element name="targetAttachment" type="Attachment"/>
            <xs:element name="targetCanonical" type="canonical"/>
            <xs:element name="targetReference" type="Reference"/>
            <xs:element name="targetMarkdown" type="markdown"/>
          </xs:choice>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.AssociatedParty">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Name of associated party.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="role" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Type of association.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="period" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="Period">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifies the start date and the end date of the associated party in the role.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="classifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A categorization other than role for the associated party.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="party" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Individual or organization associated with study (use practitionerRole to specify their organisation).</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.ProgressStatus">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="state" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Label for status or state (e.g. recruitment status).</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="actual" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="boolean">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">An indication of whether or not the date is a known date when the state changed or will change. A value of true indicates a known date. A value of false indicates an estimated date.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="period" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Period">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Date range.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.Recruitment">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="targetNumber" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="unsignedInt">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Estimated total number of participants to be enrolled.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="actualNumber" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="unsignedInt">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Actual total number of participants enrolled in study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="eligibility" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inclusion and exclusion criteria. The referenced Group Resource should have a membership element value of either 'definitional' or 'conceptual'.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="actualGroup" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Group of participants who were enrolled in study. The referenced Group Resource should have a membership element value of 'enumerated'.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Free text description of the recruitment of the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.ComparisonGroup">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="targetNumber" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="unsignedInt">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Estimated total number of participants to be enrolled in the comparison group.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="actualNumber" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="unsignedInt">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Actual total number of participants enrolled in the comparison group.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="eligibility" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the comparison group as a subset of the eligibility for the overall study. The referenced Group Resource should have a membership element value of either 'definitional' or 'conceptual'.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="observedGroup" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Group of participants who were enrolled in the comparison group as a subset of those enrolled in the overall study. The referenced Group Resource should have a membership element value of 'enumerated'.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A simple label for the comparison Group.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Description of the comparison Group.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.Objective">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Unique, human-readable label for this objective of the study.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The kind of study objective.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Free text description of the objective of the study. This is what the study is trying to achieve rather than how it is going to achieve it (see ResearchStudy.description).</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="outcomeMeasure" type="ResearchStudy.OutcomeMeasure" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">An &quot;outcome measure&quot;, &quot;endpoint&quot;, &quot;effect measure&quot; or &quot;measure of effect&quot; is a specific measurement or observation used to quantify the effect of experimental variables on the participants in a study, or for observational studies, to describe patterns of diseases or traits or associations with exposures, risk factors or treatment.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.OutcomeMeasure">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="string">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Label for the outcome measure.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="type" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The kind of outcome measure.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Description of the outcome measure.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="endpoint" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Definition of the outcome measure.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="population" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Population for this estimand.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="intervention" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Comparison group of interest.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="comparator" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Comparison group for comparison.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="summaryMeasure" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Statistical measure for treatment effect estimate.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="endpointAnalysisPlan" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="Reference">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The planned statistical model for analysis of a single endpoint.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="eventHandling" type="ResearchStudy.EventHandling" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Handling of intercurrent event.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
  <xs:complexType name="ResearchStudy.EventHandling">
    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">A research study is a scientific investigation designed to generate health-related knowledge. This can include clinical trials involving human participants (or animals in the case of veterinary clinical trials). These studies may be related to new ways to screen, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Research studies may also analyze data collected from individuals in the past (retrospective studies) or future (prospective studies) to understand specific outcomes or trends in particular populations.</xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>
    <xs:complexContent>
      <xs:extension base="BackboneElement">
        <xs:sequence>
          <xs:element name="event" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The event.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="group" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">The group that is affected by this event handling.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="handling" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="CodeableConcept">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">How the data is handled.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
          <xs:element name="description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1" type="markdown">
            <xs:annotation>
              <xs:documentation xml:lang="en">Text summary of event handling.</xs:documentation>
           </xs:annotation>
          </xs:element>
        </xs:sequence>
      </xs:extension>
    </xs:complexContent>
  </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
