A structured set of questions intended to guide the collection of answers from end-users. Questionnaires provide detailed control over order, presentation, phraseology and grouping to allow coherent, consistent data collection.

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

An Extension

Defines the recommendation state of the questionnaire.

The questionnaire is intended to be used by these organizations.

Business revision of the resource

This is a modifier role that can hold a role and a reference to the item who has the role. Ex. owner + a reference to the owner organization.

Concept that represents the overall questionnaire

Indicates that the style extensions (style, markdown and xhtml) in this resource instance are essential to the interpretation of the instance and that systems that are not capable of rendering using those extensions should not be used to render the resource.

​If set to true, all systems that claim to support this extension and that render elements from the resource SHALL either render the content as required by the style extensions (style, xhtml and markdown or shall indicate to the user that the resource (or specific elements in the resource) cannot be appropriately rendered by the system.

​For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

Title for employed clinicians

Description for clinicians

Version Predecessor

Version Base

Base environment

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The identifier that is used to identify this version of the questionnaire when it is referenced in a specification, model, design or instance. This is an arbitrary value managed by the questionnaire author and is not expected to be globally unique. For example, it might be a timestamp (e.g. yyyymmdd) if a managed version is not available. There is also no expectation that versions can be placed in a lexicographical sequence.

There may be different questionnaire instances that have the same identifier but different versions. The version can be appended to the url in a reference to allow a reference to a particular business version of the questionnaire with the format [url]|[version].

The status of this questionnaire. Enables tracking the life-cycle of the content.

Allows filtering of questionnaires that are appropriate for use versus not.

The lifecycle status of an artifact.

A legal or geographic region in which the questionnaire is intended to be used.

It may be possible for the questionnaire to be used in jurisdictions other than those for which it was originally designed or intended.

A particular question, question grouping or display text that is part of the questionnaire.

The content of the questionnaire is constructed from an ordered, hierarchical collection of items.

An Extension

The minimum number of times the group must appear, or the minimum number of answers for a question - when greater than 1.

​Default assumption for "required" elements is minOccurs=1. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The maximum number of times the group must appear, or the maximum number of answers for a question - when greater than 1 and not unlimited.

​Only relevant if the element has repeats=true and there's a need to constrain the number of allowed repetitions. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The inclusive lower bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

​Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The inclusive upper bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

​Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

For slider-based controls, indicates the step size to use when toggling the control up or down.

​See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

Defines a decimal number step-value for the slider in the questionnaire.

Feedback if reponse is within the defined range.

Identifies whether the specified element and/or results of the element should appear in overview or table presentation.

The type of data entry control or structure that should be used to render the item.

​Different controls may be appropriate for different item types. It is up to the system rendering a questionnaire as to what controls it will support and for which data types. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The data type is CodeableConcept to allow for additional codings that might provide finer-grained control information or specification of specific controls in different rendering environments. CodeableConcept.text is generally unnecessary for this element and should not be sent alone as the use-case for this element is for computable interpretation by rendering engines.

Defines the images in the questionnaire answers and questions.

Short text for questionnaires

Help text for questions. xhtml contains an equivalent of the text string, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

Defines the Answer significance for an answer option in the questionnaire.

External Identifier. Note that this Identifier does not have to unique within the Questionnaire.

Indicates that the item is part of a copyright structure (CDA Document sharing - QFDD/QRD)

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

An identifier that is unique within the Questionnaire allowing linkage to the equivalent item in a QuestionnaireResponse resource.

This ''can'' be a meaningful identifier (e.g. a LOINC code) but is not intended to have any meaning. GUIDs or sequential numbers are appropriate here.

QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.

The type of questionnaire item this is - whether text for display, a grouping of other items or a particular type of data to be captured (string, integer, coded choice, etc.).

Additional constraints on the type of answer can be conveyed by extensions. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

Distinguishes groups from questions and display text and indicates data type for questions.

Defines the format in which the user is to be prompted for the answer.

A constraint indicating that this item should only be enabled (displayed/allow answers to be captured) when the specified condition is true.

If multiple repetitions of this extension are present, the item should be enabled when the condition for any of the repetitions is true. I.e. treat "enableWhen"s as being joined by an "or" clause. This element is a modifier because if enableWhen is present for an item, "required" is ignored unless one of the enableWhen conditions is met. When an item is disabled, all of its descendants are disabled, regardless of what their own enableWhen logic might evaluate to.

Allows questionnaires to adapt based on answers to other questions. E.g. If physical gender is specified as a male, no need to capture pregnancy history. Also allows conditional display of instructions or groups of questions.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The linkId for the question whose answer (or lack of answer) governs whether this item is enabled.

If multiple question occurrences are present for the same question (same linkId), then this refers to the nearest question occurrence reachable by tracing first the "ancestor" axis and then the "preceding" axis and then the "following" axis.

Specifies the criteria by which the question is enabled.

The criteria by which a question is enabled.

A value that the referenced question is tested using the specified operator in order for the item to be enabled.

Allowed values to answer questions.

A reference to a value set containing a list of codes representing permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

One of the permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

This element can be used when the value set machinery of answerValueSet is deemed too cumbersome or when there's a need to capture possible answers that are not codes.

An Extension

Defines the images in the questionnaire answers and questions.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

Allowed values to answer questions.

This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

​For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

One or more values that should be pre-populated in the answer when initially rendering the questionnaire for user input.

The user is allowed to change the value and override the default (unless marked as read-only). If the user doesn't change the value, then this initial value will be persisted when the QuestionnaireResponse is initially created. Note that initial values can influence results. The data type of initial[x] must agree with the item.type, and only repeating items can have more then one initial value.

In some workflows, having defaults saves time.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The actual value to for an initial answer.

The type of the initial value must be consistent with the type of the item.

Allowed values to answer questions.

This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

​For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

Text, questions and other groups to be nested beneath a question or group.

There is no specified limit to the depth of nesting. However, Questionnaire authors are encouraged to consider the impact on the user and user interface of overly deep nesting.

Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

An Extension

The minimum number of times the group must appear, or the minimum number of answers for a question - when greater than 1.

​Default assumption for "required" elements is minOccurs=1. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The maximum number of times the group must appear, or the maximum number of answers for a question - when greater than 1 and not unlimited.

​Only relevant if the element has repeats=true and there's a need to constrain the number of allowed repetitions. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The inclusive lower bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

​Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The inclusive upper bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

​Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

For slider-based controls, indicates the step size to use when toggling the control up or down.

​See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

Defines a decimal number step-value for the slider in the questionnaire.

Feedback if reponse is within the defined range.

Identifies whether the specified element and/or results of the element should appear in overview or table presentation.

The type of data entry control or structure that should be used to render the item.

​Different controls may be appropriate for different item types. It is up to the system rendering a questionnaire as to what controls it will support and for which data types. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The data type is CodeableConcept to allow for additional codings that might provide finer-grained control information or specification of specific controls in different rendering environments. CodeableConcept.text is generally unnecessary for this element and should not be sent alone as the use-case for this element is for computable interpretation by rendering engines.

Defines the images in the questionnaire answers and questions.

Short text for questionnaires

Help text for questions. xhtml contains an equivalent of the text string, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

Defines the Answer significance for an answer option in the questionnaire.

External Identifier. Note that this Identifier does not have to unique within the Questionnaire.

Indicates that the item is part of a copyright structure (CDA Document sharing - QFDD/QRD)

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

An identifier that is unique within the Questionnaire allowing linkage to the equivalent item in a QuestionnaireResponse resource.

This ''can'' be a meaningful identifier (e.g. a LOINC code) but is not intended to have any meaning. GUIDs or sequential numbers are appropriate here.

QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.

The type of questionnaire item this is - whether text for display, a grouping of other items or a particular type of data to be captured (string, integer, coded choice, etc.).

Additional constraints on the type of answer can be conveyed by extensions. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

Distinguishes groups from questions and display text and indicates data type for questions.

Defines the format in which the user is to be prompted for the answer.

A constraint indicating that this item should only be enabled (displayed/allow answers to be captured) when the specified condition is true.

If multiple repetitions of this extension are present, the item should be enabled when the condition for any of the repetitions is true. I.e. treat "enableWhen"s as being joined by an "or" clause. This element is a modifier because if enableWhen is present for an item, "required" is ignored unless one of the enableWhen conditions is met. When an item is disabled, all of its descendants are disabled, regardless of what their own enableWhen logic might evaluate to.

Allows questionnaires to adapt based on answers to other questions. E.g. If physical gender is specified as a male, no need to capture pregnancy history. Also allows conditional display of instructions or groups of questions.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The linkId for the question whose answer (or lack of answer) governs whether this item is enabled.

If multiple question occurrences are present for the same question (same linkId), then this refers to the nearest question occurrence reachable by tracing first the "ancestor" axis and then the "preceding" axis and then the "following" axis.

Specifies the criteria by which the question is enabled.

The criteria by which a question is enabled.

A value that the referenced question is tested using the specified operator in order for the item to be enabled.

Allowed values to answer questions.

A reference to a value set containing a list of codes representing permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

LOINC defines many useful value sets for questionnaire responses. See LOINC Answer Lists. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

One of the permitted answers for a "choice" or "open-choice" question.

This element can be used when the value set machinery of answerValueSet is deemed too cumbersome or when there's a need to capture possible answers that are not codes.

An Extension

Defines the images in the questionnaire answers and questions.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

A potential answer that's allowed as the answer to this question.

The data type of the value must agree with the item.type.

Allowed values to answer questions.

This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

​For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

One or more values that should be pre-populated in the answer when initially rendering the questionnaire for user input.

The user is allowed to change the value and override the default (unless marked as read-only). If the user doesn't change the value, then this initial value will be persisted when the QuestionnaireResponse is initially created. Note that initial values can influence results. The data type of initial[x] must agree with the item.type, and only repeating items can have more then one initial value.

In some workflows, having defaults saves time.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The actual value to for an initial answer.

The type of the initial value must be consistent with the type of the item.

Allowed values to answer questions.

This is an equivalent of the string on which the extension is sent, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

​For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

Text, questions and other groups to be nested beneath a question or group.

There is no specified limit to the depth of nesting. However, Questionnaire authors are encouraged to consider the impact on the user and user interface of overly deep nesting.

Reports can consist of complex nested groups.

An Extension

The minimum number of times the group must appear, or the minimum number of answers for a question - when greater than 1.

​Default assumption for "required" elements is minOccurs=1. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The maximum number of times the group must appear, or the maximum number of answers for a question - when greater than 1 and not unlimited.

​Only relevant if the element has repeats=true and there's a need to constrain the number of allowed repetitions. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The inclusive lower bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

​Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

The inclusive upper bound on the range of allowed values for the data element.

​Data type specified must be the same as the data type for the data element. For questionnaires, see additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

For slider-based controls, indicates the step size to use when toggling the control up or down.

​See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

Defines a decimal number step-value for the slider in the questionnaire.

Feedback if reponse is within the defined range.

Identifies whether the specified element and/or results of the element should appear in overview or table presentation.

The type of data entry control or structure that should be used to render the item.

​Different controls may be appropriate for different item types. It is up to the system rendering a questionnaire as to what controls it will support and for which data types. See additional guidance and examples in the SDC implementation guide.

An Extension

Source of the definition for the extension code - a logical name or a URL.

The definition may point directly to a computable or human-readable definition of the extensibility codes, or it may be a logical URI as declared in some other specification. The definition SHALL be a URI for the Structure Definition defining the extension.

Value of extension - must be one of a constrained set of the data types (see Extensibility for a list).

The data type is CodeableConcept to allow for additional codings that might provide finer-grained control information or specification of specific controls in different rendering environments. CodeableConcept.text is generally unnecessary for this element and should not be sent alone as the use-case for this element is for computable interpretation by rendering engines.

Defines the images in the questionnaire answers and questions.

Short text for questionnaires

Help text for questions. xhtml contains an equivalent of the text string, but includes additional XHTML markup, such as bold, italics, styles, tables, etc. Existing restrictions on XHTML content apply. Note that using markdown allows for greater flexibility of display.

Defines the Answer significance for an answer option in the questionnaire.

External Identifier. Note that this Identifier does not have to unique within the Questionnaire.

Indicates that the item is part of a copyright structure (CDA Document sharing - QFDD/QRD)

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

An identifier that is unique within the Questionnaire allowing linkage to the equivalent item in a QuestionnaireResponse resource.

This ''can'' be a meaningful identifier (e.g. a LOINC code) but is not intended to have any meaning. GUIDs or sequential numbers are appropriate here.

QuestionnaireResponse does not require omitted items to be included and may have some items that repeat, so linkage based on position alone is not sufficient.

The type of questionnaire item this is - whether text for display, a grouping of other items or a particular type of data to be captured (string, integer, coded choice, etc.).

Additional constraints on the type of answer can be conveyed by extensions. The value may come from the ElementDefinition referred to by .definition.

Distinguishes groups from questions and display text and indicates data type for questions.

Defines the format in which the user is to be prompted for the answer.

A constraint indicating that this item should only be enabled (displayed/allow answers to be captured) when the specified condition is true.

If multiple repetitions of this extension are present, the item should be enabled when the condition for any of the repetitions is true. I.e. treat "enableWhen"s as being joined by an "or" clause. This element is a modifier because if enableWhen is present for an item, "required" is ignored unless one of the enableWhen conditions is met. When an item is disabled, all of its descendants are disabled, regardless of what their own enableWhen logic might evaluate to.

Allows questionnaires to adapt based on answers to other questions. E.g. If physical gender is specified as a male, no need to capture pregnancy history. Also allows conditional display of instructions or groups of questions.

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

The linkId for the question whose answer (or lack of answer) governs whether this item is enabled.

If multiple question occurrences are present for the same question (same linkId), then this refers to the nearest question occurrence reachable by tracing first the "ancestor" axis and then the "preceding" axis and then the "following" axis.

Specifies the criteria by which the question is enabled.

The criteria by which a question is enabled.

A value that the referenced question is tested using the specified operator in order for the item to be enabled.