Draft dQM CMS Content Implementation Guide
2025.1.0 - CI Build

Draft dQM CMS Content Implementation Guide, published by cqframework. This guide is not an authorized publication; it is the continuous build for version 2025.1.0 built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) CI Build. This version is based on the current content of https://github.com/cqframework/dqm-content-cms-2025/ and changes regularly. See the Directory of published versions

: Closing the Referral Loop: Receipt of Specialist ReportFHIR - XML Representation

Active as of 2026-01-16

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<Measure xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir">
  <id value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
  <meta>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi/StructureDefinition/crmi-shareablemeasure"/>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/computable-measure-cqfm"/>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/publishable-measure-cqfm"/>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/executable-measure-cqfm"/>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cql-measure-cqfm"/>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/elm-measure-cqfm"/>
    <profile
             value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/proportion-measure-cqfm"/>
  </meta>
  <text>
    <status value="extensions"/>
    <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><b style="color: maroon">Exception generating Narrative: unable to parse character reference ' Medicaid Services.
'' (last text = '



' at line 408 column 2</b></p></div>
  </text>
  <contained>
    <Library>
      <id value="effective-data-requirements"/>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://snomed.info/sct"/>
          <code value="248153007"/>
          <display value="Male (finding)"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://snomed.info/sct"/>
          <code value="248152002"/>
          <display value="Female (finding)"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/CodeSystem/task-code"/>
          <code value="fulfill"/>
          <display value="Fulfill"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
          <code value="96156"/>
          <display
                   value="Health behavior assessment, or re-assessment (ie, health-focused clinical interview, behavioral observations, clinical decision making)"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
          <code value="96136"/>
          <display
                   value="Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by physician or other qualified health care professional, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
          <code value="96138"/>
          <display
                   value="Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by technician, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
          <code value="90839"/>
          <display value="Psychotherapy for crisis; first 60 minutes"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-directReferenceCode">
        <valueCoding>
          <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
          <code value="96112"/>
          <display
                   value="Developmental test administration (including assessment of fine and/or gross motor, language, cognitive level, social, memory and/or executive functions by standardized developmental instruments when performed), by physician or other qualified health care professional, with interpretation and report; first hour"/>
        </valueCoding>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="SupplementalDataElements"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Sex"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Sex&quot;:
  case
    when Patient.sex() = '248153007' then &quot;Male (finding)&quot;
    when Patient.sex() = '248152002' then &quot;Female (finding)&quot;
    else null
  end"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="0"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Sex"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Sex&quot;:
  SDE.&quot;SDE Sex&quot;"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="1"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString
                       value="First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period&quot;:
  First([ServiceRequest: &quot;Referral&quot;] ReferralOrder
      where ReferralOrder.status in { 'active', 'completed' }
        and ReferralOrder.intent = 'order'
        and date from ReferralOrder.authoredOn during day of Interval[date from start of &quot;Measurement Period&quot;, Date(year from start of &quot;Measurement Period&quot;, 10, 31)]
      sort by date from authoredOn ascending
  )"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="2"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString
                       value="Referring Clinician Receives Consultant Report to Close Referral Loop"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;Referring Clinician Receives Consultant Report to Close Referral Loop&quot;:
  exists ( [Task: USQualityCoreCommon.&quot;Fulfill&quot;] ConsultantReportObtained
      with &quot;First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period&quot; FirstReferral
        // TODO: discuss with vendors .focus vs .basedOn
        
        such that ( ConsultantReportObtained.focus.references ( FirstReferral )
            or ConsultantReportObtained.basedOn.references ( FirstReferral )
        )
          and ConsultantReportObtained.executionPeriod ends after FirstReferral.authoredOn
          and ConsultantReportObtained.executionPeriod ends during day of &quot;Measurement Period&quot;
          and ConsultantReportObtained.status = 'completed'
          and ConsultantReportObtained.reasonCode in &quot;Consultant Report&quot;
            /*
            TODO: discuss usage of Composition resource for &quot;Consultant Report&quot;
            NOTE: the following does not currently work due to &quot;Composition&quot; missing a profile in QICore
            and exists(
              ConsultantReportObtained.output.value OV 
                with ([Composition] ReportComposition where ReportComposition.type in &quot;Consultant Report&quot;) ConsultantReportComposition 
                  such that (OV as Reference).references(ConsultantReportComposition)
            )
            */
  
  )"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="3"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="Numerator"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;Numerator&quot;:
  &quot;Referring Clinician Receives Consultant Report to Close Referral Loop&quot;"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="4"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="Has Encounter during Measurement Period"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;Has Encounter during Measurement Period&quot;:
  exists ( ( [&quot;Encounter&quot;: &quot;Office Visit&quot;]
      union [&quot;Encounter&quot;: &quot;Ophthalmological Services&quot;]
      union [&quot;Encounter&quot;: &quot;Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up&quot;]
      union [&quot;Encounter&quot;: &quot;Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17&quot;]
      union [&quot;Encounter&quot;: &quot;Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up&quot;]
      union [&quot;Encounter&quot;: &quot;Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17&quot;] ) ValidEncounter
      where ValidEncounter.status = 'finished'
        and ValidEncounter.period during day of &quot;Measurement Period&quot;
  )"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="5"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="Has Intervention during Measurement Period"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;Has Intervention during Measurement Period&quot;:
  exists ( ( ( [&quot;Procedure&quot;: &quot;Behavioral/Neuropsych Assessment&quot;]
        union [&quot;Procedure&quot;: &quot;Health behavior assessment, or re-assessment (ie, health-focused clinical interview, behavioral observations, clinical decision making)&quot;]
        union [&quot;Procedure&quot;: &quot;Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by physician or other qualified health care professional, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes&quot;]
        union [&quot;Procedure&quot;: &quot;Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by technician, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes&quot;]
        union [&quot;Procedure&quot;: &quot;Psychotherapy for crisis; first 60 minutes&quot;]
        union [&quot;Procedure&quot;: &quot;Psych Visit Diagnostic Evaluation&quot;]
        union [&quot;Procedure&quot;: &quot;Developmental test administration (including assessment of fine and/or gross motor, language, cognitive level, social, memory and/or executive functions by standardized developmental instruments when performed), by physician or other qualified health care professional, with interpretation and report; first hour&quot;]
    ).isProcedurePerformed ( ) ) ValidIntervention
      where ValidIntervention.performed.toInterval ( ) during day of &quot;Measurement Period&quot;
  )"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="6"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="Initial Population"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;Initial Population&quot;:
  ( &quot;Has Encounter during Measurement Period&quot;
      or &quot;Has Intervention during Measurement Period&quot;
  )
    and &quot;First Referral during First 10 Months of Measurement Period&quot; is not null"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="7"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="Denominator"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;Denominator&quot;:
  &quot;Initial Population&quot;"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="8"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="SupplementalDataElements"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Payer"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Payer&quot;:
  [USQualityCore.Coverage: type in &quot;Payer Type&quot;] Payer
    return {
      code: Payer.type,
      period: Payer.period
    }"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="9"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Payer"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Payer&quot;:
  SDE.&quot;SDE Payer&quot;"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="10"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="SupplementalDataElements"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Ethnicity"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Ethnicity&quot;:
  (Patient.ethnicity()) E
    return Tuple {
      codes: { E.ombCategory } union E.detailed,
      display: E.text
    }"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="11"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Ethnicity"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Ethnicity&quot;:
  SDE.&quot;SDE Ethnicity&quot;"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="12"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="SupplementalDataElements"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Race"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Race&quot;:
  (Patient.race()) R
    return Tuple {
      codes: R.ombCategory union R.detailed,
      display: R.text
    }"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="13"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="SDE Race"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define &quot;SDE Race&quot;:
  SDE.&quot;SDE Race&quot;"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="14"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToString"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToString(value string): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="15"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="USCoreCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="sex"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Returns the sex element as defined for the USCore patient profile
*/
define fluent function sex(patient Patient):
  patient.ext('http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-sex').value as FHIR.code"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="16"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ext"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Returns the single extension (if present) on the given resource with the specified url.
@comment: This function uses singleton from to ensure that a run-time exception is thrown if there
is more than one extension on the given resource with the specified url.
*/
define fluent function ext(domainResource DomainResource, url String):
  singleton from domainResource.exts(url)"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="17"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="exts"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Returns any extensions defined on the given resource with the specified url
*/
define fluent function exts(domainResource DomainResource, url String):
  domainResource.extension E
    where E.url = url
    return E"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="18"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToString"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToString(value uri): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="19"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToString"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToString(value ServiceRequestStatus): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="20"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToString"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToString(value ServiceRequestIntent): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="21"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToDateTime"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToDateTime(value dateTime): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="22"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="references"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Returns true if the given reference is to the given resource
@comment: Returns true if the `id` element of the given resource exactly equals the tail of the given reference.
NOTE: This function assumes resources from the same source server.
*/
define fluent function references(reference FHIR.Reference, resource FHIR.Resource):
  resource.id = Last(Split(reference.reference, '/'))"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="23"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="references"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Returns true if any of the given references are to the given resource
@comment: Returns true if the `id` element of the given resource exactly equals the tail of any of the given references.
NOTE: This function assumes resources from the same source server.
*/
define fluent function references(references List&lt;FHIR.Reference&gt;, resource FHIR.Resource):
  exists (references R where R.references(resource))"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="24"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToInterval"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Converts the given [Period](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Period)
value to a CQL DateTime Interval
@comment: If the start value of the given period is unspecified, the starting
boundary of the resulting interval will be open (meaning the start of the interval
is unknown, as opposed to interpreted as the beginning of time).
*/
define function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period):
    if period is null then
        null
    else
        if period.&quot;start&quot; is null then
            Interval(period.&quot;start&quot;.value, period.&quot;end&quot;.value]
        else
            Interval[period.&quot;start&quot;.value, period.&quot;end&quot;.value]"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="25"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToString"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToString(value TaskStatus): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="26"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToConcept"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [CodeableConcept](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#CodeableConcept) value to a CQL Concept.
*/
define function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept):
    if concept is null then
        null
    else
        System.Concept {
            codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C),
            display: concept.text.value
        }"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="27"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToCode"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Coding](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Coding) value to a CQL Code.
*/
define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding):
    if coding is null then
        null
    else
        System.Code {
          code: coding.code.value,
          system: coding.system.value,
          version: coding.version.value,
          display: coding.display.value
        }"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="28"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToString"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToString(value EncounterStatus): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="29"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="Status"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="isProcedurePerformed"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="//Procedure, Performed
define fluent function isProcedurePerformed(Proc List&lt;FHIR.Procedure&gt;):
  Proc P
    where P.status ~ 'completed'"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="30"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToString"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToString(value ProcedureStatus): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="31"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="toInterval"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Normalizes a value that is a choice of timing-valued types to an equivalent interval
@comment: Normalizes a choice type of FHIR.dateTime, FHIR.Period, FHIR.Timing, FHIR.instance, FHIR.string, FHIR.Age, or FHIR.Range types
to an equivalent interval. This selection of choice types is a superset of the majority of choice types that are used as possible
representations for timing-valued elements in FHIR, allowing this function to be used across any resource.

The input can be provided as a dateTime, Period, Timing, instant, string, Age, or Range.
The intent of this function is to provide a clear and concise mechanism to treat single
elements that have multiple possible representations as intervals so that logic doesn't have to account
for the variability. More complex calculations (such as medication request period or dispense period
calculation) need specific guidance and consideration. That guidance may make use of this function, but
the focus of this function is on single element calculations where the semantics are unambiguous.
If the input is a dateTime, the result a DateTime Interval beginning and ending on that dateTime.
If the input is a Period, the result is a DateTime Interval.
If the input is a Timing, an error is raised indicating a single interval cannot be computed from a Timing.
If the input is an instant, the result is a DateTime Interval beginning and ending on that instant.
If the input is a string, an error is raised indicating a single interval cannot be computed from a string.
If the input is an Age, the result is a DateTime Interval beginning when the patient was the given Age,
and ending immediately prior to when the patient was the given Age plus one year.
If the input is a Range, the result is a DateTime Interval beginning when the patient was the Age given
by the low end of the Range, and ending immediately prior to when the patient was the Age given by the
high end of the Range plus one year.

NOTE: Due to the
complexity of determining a single interval from a Timing or String type, this function will throw a run-time exception if it is used
with a Timing or String.
*/
define fluent function toInterval(choice Choice&lt;FHIR.dateTime, FHIR.Period, FHIR.Timing, FHIR.instant, FHIR.string, FHIR.Age, FHIR.Range&gt;):
  case
    when choice is FHIR.dateTime then
      Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.dateTime), FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.dateTime)]
    when choice is FHIR.Period then
      FHIRHelpers.ToInterval(choice as FHIR.Period)
    when choice is FHIR.instant then
      Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.instant), FHIRHelpers.ToDateTime(choice as FHIR.instant)]
    when choice is FHIR.Age then
      Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity(choice as FHIR.Age),
        FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity(choice as FHIR.Age) + 1 year)
    when choice is FHIR.Range then
      Interval[FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity((choice as FHIR.Range).low),
        FHIRHelpers.ToDate(Patient.birthDate) + FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity((choice as FHIR.Range).high) + 1 year)
    when choice is FHIR.Timing then
      Message(null as Interval&lt;DateTime&gt;, true, 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'Error', 'Calculation of an interval from a Timing value is not supported')
    when choice is FHIR.string then
      Message(null as Interval&lt;DateTime&gt;, true, 'NOT_IMPLEMENTED', 'Error', 'Calculation of an interval from a String value is not supported')
    else
      null as Interval&lt;DateTime&gt;
  end"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="32"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToDateTime"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToDateTime(value instant): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="33"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToDate"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define function ToDate(value date): value.value"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="34"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToQuantity"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Converts the given FHIR [Quantity](https://hl7.org/fhir/datatypes.html#Quantity) 
value to a CQL Quantity
@comment: If the given quantity has a comparator specified, a runtime error is raised. If the given quantity
has a system other than UCUM (i.e. `http://unitsofmeasure.org`) or CQL calendar units (i.e. `http://hl7.org/fhirpath/CodeSystem/calendar-units`)
an error is raised. For UCUM to calendar units, the `ToCalendarUnit` function is used.
@seealso: ToCalendarUnit
*/
define function ToQuantity(quantity FHIR.Quantity):
    case
        when quantity is null then null
        when quantity.value is null then null
        when quantity.comparator is not null then
            Message(null, true, 'FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity.ComparatorQuantityNotSupported', 'Error', 'FHIR Quantity value has a comparator and cannot be converted to a System.Quantity value.')
        when quantity.system is null or quantity.system.value = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org'
              or quantity.system.value = 'http://hl7.org/fhirpath/CodeSystem/calendar-units' then
            System.Quantity { value: quantity.value.value, unit: ToCalendarUnit(Coalesce(quantity.code.value, quantity.unit.value, '1')) }
        else
            Message(null, true, 'FHIRHelpers.ToQuantity.InvalidFHIRQuantity', 'Error', 'Invalid FHIR Quantity code: ' &amp; quantity.unit.value &amp; ' (' &amp; quantity.system.value &amp; '|' &amp; quantity.code.value &amp; ')')
    end"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="35"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRHelpers"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ToCalendarUnit"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Converts a UCUM definite duration unit to a CQL calendar duration
unit using conversions specified in the [quantities](https://cql.hl7.org/02-authorsguide.html#quantities) 
topic of the CQL specification.
@comment: Note that for durations above days (or weeks), the conversion is understood to be approximate
*/
define function ToCalendarUnit(unit System.String):
    case unit
        when 'ms' then 'millisecond'
        when 's' then 'second'
        when 'min' then 'minute'
        when 'h' then 'hour'
        when 'd' then 'day'
        when 'wk' then 'week'
        when 'mo' then 'month'
        when 'a' then 'year'
        else unit
    end"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="36"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="USCoreCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ethnicity"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define fluent function ethnicity(patient Patient):
  (patient.ext('http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-ethnicity')) E
    return {
      ombCategory: E.ext('ombCategory').value as FHIR.Coding,
      detailed: (E.exts('detailed')) d return d.value as FHIR.Coding,
      text: E.ext('text').value as FHIR.string
    }"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="37"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="ext"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Returns the single extension (if present) on the given element with the specified url.
@comment: This function uses singleton from to ensure that a run-time exception is thrown if there
is more than one extension on the given element with the specified url.
*/
define fluent function ext(element Element, url String):
  singleton from element.exts(url)"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="38"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="FHIRCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="exts"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="/*
@description: Returns any extensions defined on the given element with the specified url.
*/
define fluent function exts(element Element, url String):
  element.extension E
    where E.url = url
    return E"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="39"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <extension
                 url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-logicDefinition">
        <extension url="libraryName">
          <valueString value="USCoreCommon"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="name">
          <valueString value="race"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="statement">
          <valueString
                       value="define fluent function race(patient Patient):
  (patient.ext('http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-race')) E
    return {
      ombCategory: (E.exts('ombCategory')) o return o.value as FHIR.Coding,
      detailed: (E.exts('detailed')) d return d.value as FHIR.Coding,
      text: E.ext('text').value as FHIR.string
    }"/>
        </extension>
        <extension url="displaySequence">
          <valueInteger value="40"/>
        </extension>
      </extension>
      <name value="EffectiveDataRequirements"/>
      <status value="active"/>
      <type>
        <coding>
          <system value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/library-type"/>
          <code value="module-definition"/>
        </coding>
      </type>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="USQualityCore model information"/>
        <resource
                  value="https://madie.cms.gov/Library/USQualityCore-ModelInfo|0.1.0-cibuild"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="USCore model information"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cql/Library/USCore-ModelInfo|6.1.0-derived"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="FHIR model information"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/cql/Library/FHIR-ModelInfo|4.0.1"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Library SDE"/>
        <resource
                  value="https://madie.cms.gov/Library/SupplementalDataElements|6.1.000"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Library FHIRHelpers"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/cql/Library/FHIRHelpers|4.0.1"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Library USCommon"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cql/Library/USCoreCommon|2.0.0-ballot"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Library FHIRCommon"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/cql/Library/FHIRCommon|2.0.0"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Library USQualityCoreCommon"/>
        <resource
                  value="https://madie.cms.gov/Library/USQualityCoreCommon|0.1.0-cibuild"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Library Status"/>
        <resource value="https://madie.cms.gov/Library/Status|2.1.000"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Code system SNOMEDCT"/>
        <resource value="http://snomed.info/sct"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Code system TaskCodeSystem"/>
        <resource value="http://hl7.org/fhir/CodeSystem/task-code"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Code system CPT"/>
        <resource value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Value set Referral"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1046"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Value set Consultant Report"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.121.12.1006"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Value set Office Visit"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Value set Ophthalmological Services"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1285"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display
                 value="Value set Preventive Care Services Established Office Visit, 18 and Up"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1025"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display
                 value="Value set Preventive Care Services, Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1022"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display
                 value="Value set Preventive Care Services Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1023"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display
                 value="Value set Preventive Care, Established Office Visit, 0 to 17"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1024"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Value set Behavioral/Neuropsych Assessment"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1023"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Value set Psych Visit Diagnostic Evaluation"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1492"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <relatedArtifact>
        <type value="depends-on"/>
        <display value="Value set Payer Type"/>
        <resource
                  value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"/>
      </relatedArtifact>
      <parameter>
        <name value="Measurement Period"/>
        <use value="in"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="1"/>
        <type value="Period"/>
      </parameter>
      <parameter>
        <name value="SDE Sex"/>
        <use value="out"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="1"/>
        <type value="Coding"/>
      </parameter>
      <parameter>
        <name value="Numerator"/>
        <use value="out"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="1"/>
        <type value="boolean"/>
      </parameter>
      <parameter>
        <name value="Denominator"/>
        <use value="out"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="1"/>
        <type value="boolean"/>
      </parameter>
      <parameter>
        <name value="SDE Payer"/>
        <use value="out"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="*"/>
        <type value="Resource"/>
      </parameter>
      <parameter>
        <name value="Initial Population"/>
        <use value="out"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="1"/>
        <type value="boolean"/>
      </parameter>
      <parameter>
        <name value="SDE Ethnicity"/>
        <use value="out"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="1"/>
        <type value="Resource"/>
      </parameter>
      <parameter>
        <name value="SDE Race"/>
        <use value="out"/>
        <min value="0"/>
        <max value="1"/>
        <type value="Resource"/>
      </parameter>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Patient"/>
        <profile
                 value="http://fhir.org/guides/astp/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-patient"/>
        <mustSupport value="ombCategory"/>
        <mustSupport value="detailed"/>
        <mustSupport value="text"/>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="ServiceRequest"/>
        <profile
                 value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ServiceRequest"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="intent"/>
        <mustSupport value="authoredOn"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1046"/>
        </codeFilter>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="intent"/>
          <code>
            <code value="order"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Resource"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Resource"/>
        <mustSupport value="id"/>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Task"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Task"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="focus"/>
        <mustSupport value="basedOn"/>
        <mustSupport value="executionPeriod"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="reasonCode"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <code>
            <system value="http://hl7.org/fhir/CodeSystem/task-code"/>
            <code value="fulfill"/>
            <display value="Fulfill"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="status"/>
          <code>
            <code value="completed"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="reasonCode"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.121.12.1006"/>
        </codeFilter>
        <dateFilter>
          <path value="executionPeriod"/>
          <valuePeriod>
            <extension
                       url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-expression">
              <valueExpression>
                <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
                <expression value="Measurement Period"/>
              </valueExpression>
            </extension>
          </valuePeriod>
        </dateFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Encounter"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/>
        <mustSupport value="type"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="period"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="type"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Encounter"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/>
        <mustSupport value="type"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="period"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="type"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1285"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Encounter"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/>
        <mustSupport value="type"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="period"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="type"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1025"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Encounter"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/>
        <mustSupport value="type"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="period"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="type"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1022"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Encounter"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/>
        <mustSupport value="type"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="period"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="type"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1023"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Encounter"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Encounter"/>
        <mustSupport value="type"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="period"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="type"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1024"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Patient"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient"/>
        <mustSupport value="birthDate"/>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Procedure"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="performed"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1023"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Procedure"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="performed"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <code>
            <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
            <code value="96156"/>
            <display
                     value="Health behavior assessment, or re-assessment (ie, health-focused clinical interview, behavioral observations, clinical decision making)"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Procedure"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="performed"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <code>
            <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
            <code value="96136"/>
            <display
                     value="Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by physician or other qualified health care professional, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Procedure"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="performed"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <code>
            <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
            <code value="96138"/>
            <display
                     value="Psychological or neuropsychological test administration and scoring by technician, two or more tests, any method; first 30 minutes"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Procedure"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="performed"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <code>
            <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
            <code value="90839"/>
            <display value="Psychotherapy for crisis; first 60 minutes"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Procedure"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="performed"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1492"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Procedure"/>
        <profile value="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Procedure"/>
        <mustSupport value="code"/>
        <mustSupport value="status"/>
        <mustSupport value="performed"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="code"/>
          <code>
            <system value="http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt"/>
            <code value="96112"/>
            <display
                     value="Developmental test administration (including assessment of fine and/or gross motor, language, cognitive level, social, memory and/or executive functions by standardized developmental instruments when performed), by physician or other qualified health care professional, with interpretation and report; first hour"/>
          </code>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
      <dataRequirement>
        <type value="Coverage"/>
        <profile
                 value="http://fhir.org/guides/astp/us-quality-core/StructureDefinition/us-quality-core-coverage"/>
        <mustSupport value="type"/>
        <mustSupport value="period"/>
        <codeFilter>
          <path value="type"/>
          <valueSet
                    value="http://cts.nlm.nih.gov/fhir/ValueSet/2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591"/>
        </codeFilter>
      </dataRequirement>
    </Library>
  </contained>
  <extension
             url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-supplementalDataGuidance" id="supplementalDataGuidance">
    <extension url="guidance">
      <valueString
                   value="For every patient evaluated by this measure also identify payer, race, ethnicity and sex"/>
    </extension>
    <extension url="usage">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system
                  value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage"/>
          <code value="supplemental-data"/>
          <display value="Supplemental Data"/>
        </coding>
        <text value="Supplemental Data Guidance"/>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
  </extension>
  <extension
             url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-definitionTerm">
    <extension url="term">
      <valueString value="Referral"/>
    </extension>
    <extension url="definition">
      <valueMarkdown
                     value="A request from one clinician to another clinician for evaluation, treatment, or co-management of a patient's condition. This term encompasses referral and consultation as defined by Centers for Medicare \&amp; Medicaid Services.
"/>
    </extension>
  </extension>
  <extension
             url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-definitionTerm">
    <extension url="term">
      <valueString value="Report"/>
    </extension>
    <extension url="definition">
      <valueMarkdown
                     value="A written document prepared by the eligible clinician (and staff) to whom the patient was referred and that accounts for his or her findings, provides summary of care information about findings, diagnostics, assessments and/or plans of care, and is provided to the referring eligible clinician.
"/>
    </extension>
  </extension>
  <extension
             url="http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi/StructureDefinition/crmi-softwaresystem">
    <valueReference>
      <reference value="Device/cqf-tooling"/>
    </valueReference>
  </extension>
  <extension
             url="http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/crmi/StructureDefinition/crmi-effectiveDataRequirements">
    <valueCanonical value="#effective-data-requirements"/>
  </extension>
  <url
       value="https://madie.cms.gov/Measure/CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
  <identifier>
    <use value="usual"/>
    <type>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type"/>
        <code value="short-name"/>
        <display value="Short Name"/>
      </coding>
    </type>
    <system value="https://madie.cms.gov/measure/shortName"/>
    <value value="CMS50FHIR"/>
  </identifier>
  <identifier>
    <use value="official"/>
    <type>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type"/>
        <code value="version-independent"/>
        <display value="Version Independent"/>
      </coding>
    </type>
    <system value="urn:ietf:rfc:3986"/>
    <value value="urn:uuid:75691bbe-451e-4e3a-9a95-6361f7b45196"/>
  </identifier>
  <identifier>
    <use value="official"/>
    <type>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type"/>
        <code value="version-specific"/>
        <display value="Version Specific"/>
      </coding>
    </type>
    <system value="urn:ietf:rfc:3986"/>
    <value value="urn:uuid:00ad5281-ab7f-4e65-842f-b296dd094771"/>
  </identifier>
  <identifier>
    <use value="official"/>
    <type>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/artifact-identifier-type"/>
        <code value="publisher"/>
        <display value="Publisher"/>
      </coding>
    </type>
    <system value="https://madie.cms.gov/measure/cmsId"/>
    <value value="50FHIR"/>
    <assigner>
      <display value="CMS"/>
    </assigner>
  </identifier>
  <version value="1.0.000"/>
  <name value="CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
  <title
         value="Closing the Referral Loop: Receipt of Specialist ReportFHIR
"/>
  <status value="active"/>
  <experimental value="false"/>
  <date value="2026-01-16T18:18:13+00:00"/>
  <publisher value="Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services (CMS)"/>
  <contact>
    <telecom>
      <system value="url"/>
      <value value="https://www.cms.gov/"/>
    </telecom>
  </contact>
  <description
               value="Percentage of patients with referrals, regardless of age, for which the referring clinician receives a report from the clinician to whom the patient was referred
"/>
  <usage
         value="The clinician who refers the patient to another clinician is the clinician who should be held accountable for the performance of this measure. Only the first referral made between January 1 -- October 31 of the measurement period will be considered for this measure to allow adequate time for the referring clinician to collect the consult report by the end of the measurement period. If there are multiple referrals for a patient during the measurement period, use the first referral. The clinician to whom the patient was referred is responsible for sending the consultant report that will fulfill the communication. Note: this is not the same clinician who would report on the measure. The consultant report that will successfully close the referral loop should be related to the first referral for a patient during the measurement period. If there are multiple consultant reports received by the referring clinician which pertain to a particular referral, use the first consultant report to satisfy the measure. Eligible clinicians reporting on this measure should note that all data for the measurement period is to be submitted by the deadline established by CMS. Therefore, eligible clinicians who refer patients towards the end of the measurement period (i.e., October), should request that clinicians to whom they referred their patients share their consult reports as soon as possible in order for those patients to be counted in the measure numerator during the measurement period. When clinicians to whom patients are referred communicate the consult report as soon as possible with the referring clinician, it ensures that the communication loop is closed in a timely manner and that the data are included in the submission to CMS. A procedural report received from a specialist for an exam or procedure conducted (e.g., diabetic eye exam, colonoscopy, etc.) can satisfy the numerator requirement and successfully close the referral loop. A separate consultant note or consultant report is not required to close the referral loop in these circumstances. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This FHIR-based measure has been derived from the QDM-based measure: CMS50v14. Please refer to the HL7 QI-Core Implementation Guide (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/) for more information on QI-Core and mapping recommendations from QDM to QI-Core STU 6.0.0 (https://hl7.org/fhir/us/qicore/STU6/qdm-to-qicore.html).
"/>
  <copyright
             value="This electronic clinical quality measure (Measure) and related data specifications are owned and stewarded by the Centers for Medicare \&amp; Medicaid Services (CMS). CMS contracted (Contract # 75FCMC18D0027/ Task Order #: 75FCMC24F0144) with the American Institutes for Research (AIR) to develop this electronic measure. AIR is not responsible for any use of the Measure. AIR makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and AIR has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. AIR disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third-party codes contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2024 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2024 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT\[R\]) copyright 2004-2024 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation.
"/>
  <effectivePeriod>
    <start value="2026-01-01"/>
    <end value="2026-12-31"/>
  </effectivePeriod>
  <author>
    <name value="American Institutes for Research (AIR)"/>
    <telecom>
      <system value="url"/>
      <value value="https://www.air.org"/>
    </telecom>
  </author>
  <relatedArtifact>
    <type value="citation"/>
    <citation
              value="Greenwood-Lee, J., Jewett, L., Woodhouse, L., \&amp; Marshall, D. A. (2018). A categorisation of problems and solutions to improve patient referrals from primary to specialty care. BMC health services research, 18(1), 986. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3745-y
"/>
  </relatedArtifact>
  <relatedArtifact>
    <type value="citation"/>
    <citation
              value="Institute for Healthcare Improvement / National Patient Safety Foundation. (2017). Closing the Loop: A Guide to Safer Ambulatory Referrals in the EHR Era. https://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Publications/Closing-the-Loop-A-Guide-to-Safer-Ambulatory-Referrals.aspx
"/>
  </relatedArtifact>
  <relatedArtifact>
    <type value="citation"/>
    <citation
              value="Odisho, A. Y., Lui, H., Yerramsetty, R., Bautista, F., Gleason, N., Martin, E., Young, J. J., Blum, M., \&amp; Neinstein, A. B. (2020). Design and development of referrals automation, a SMART on FHIR solution to improve patient access to specialty care. JAMIA open, 3(3), 405--412. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaa036
"/>
  </relatedArtifact>
  <relatedArtifact>
    <type value="citation"/>
    <citation
              value="Patel, M. P., Schettini, P., O'Leary, C. P., Bosworth, H. B., Anderson, J. B., \&amp; Shah, K. P. (2018). Closing the Referral Loop: an Analysis of Primary Care Referrals to Specialists in a Large Health System. Journal of general internal medicine, 33(5), 715--721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-018-4392-z
"/>
  </relatedArtifact>
  <relatedArtifact>
    <type value="citation"/>
    <citation
              value="Ramelson, H., Nederlof, A., Karmiy, S., Neri, P., Kiernan, D., Krishnamurthy, R., Allen, A., \&amp; Bates, D. W. (2018). Closing the loop with an enhanced referral management system. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 25(6), 715--721. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy004
"/>
  </relatedArtifact>
  <library
           value="https://madie.cms.gov/Library/CMS50FHIRReceiptofSpecialistReport"/>
  <disclaimer
              value="This performance Measure is not a clinical guideline, does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED &quot;AS IS&quot; WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or \[R\] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or \[TM\].
"/>
  <rationale
             value="Problems in the outpatient referral and consultation process have been documented, including inadequate care pathways between specialty and primary care. Studies suggest that both specialists and primary care providers (PCPs) are not satisfied with current processes (Institute for Healthcare Improvement / National Patient Safety Foundation, 2017; Greenwood-Lee et. al, 2018). Breakdowns in referral communication leads to worse health outcomes, increased cost, and appointment delays (Patel et. al, 2018; Odisho et. al, 2020). A 2018 analysis of primary care referrals to specialists found that of the 103,737 referral scheduling attempts analyzed, only 36,072 (34.8%) resulted in documented complete appointments, defined by the specialty clinician providing report to the PCP after the referral visit (Patel et. al, 2018). Technological and process-based updates can improve the referral loop process and increase rates of closing the referral loop. Ramelson et. al (2018) enhanced an EHR's Referral Manager module to meet the Controlled Risk Insurance Company's best practice steps and the requirements of both the CMS EHR Incentive Program and the National Committee for Quality Assurance Patient-Centered Medical Home program. Following the updates, 76.8% of referrals were completed and all defined referral process steps were easier to accomplish. Odisho et. al (2020) developed a referrals automation software to simplify the fax to referral process. Feedback from key stakeholder interviews noted that the software enhanced the referrals process by further streamlining and organizing the patient referral process. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement and the National Patient Safety Foundation (2017) reviewed the referrals process in the ambulatory care setting and found that organizational leaders, EHR vendors, regulatory agencies, clinicians, and patients all play a role in creating a referrals system that is effective, safe, convenient, and patient-centered.
"/>
  <clinicalRecommendationStatement value="None
"/>
  <group id="Group_1">
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-scoring">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system
                  value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-scoring"/>
          <code value="proportion"/>
          <display value="Proportion"/>
        </coding>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-populationBasis">
      <valueCode value="boolean"/>
    </extension>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-type">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-type"/>
          <code value="process"/>
          <display value="Process"/>
        </coding>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-rateAggregation">
      <valueString value="None
"/>
    </extension>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/us/cqfmeasures/StructureDefinition/cqfm-improvementNotation">
      <valueCodeableConcept>
        <coding>
          <system
                  value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-improvement-notation"/>
          <code value="increase"/>
          <display value="Increased score indicates improvement"/>
        </coding>
      </valueCodeableConcept>
    </extension>
    <extension
               url="http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/cqf-improvementNotationGuidance">
      <valueMarkdown value="Higher score indicates better quality
"/>
    </extension>
    <description
                 value="Percentage of patients with referrals, regardless of age, for which the referring clinician receives a report from the clinician to whom the patient was referred
"/>
    <population id="InitialPopulation_1">
      <code>
        <coding>
          <system
                  value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population"/>
          <code value="initial-population"/>
          <display value="Initial Population"/>
        </coding>
      </code>
      <description
                   value="Number of patients, regardless of age, who had an encounter during the measurement period and were referred by one clinician to another clinician on or before October 31
"/>
      <criteria>
        <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
        <expression value="Initial Population"/>
      </criteria>
    </population>
    <population id="Denominator_1">
      <code>
        <coding>
          <system
                  value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population"/>
          <code value="denominator"/>
          <display value="Denominator"/>
        </coding>
      </code>
      <description value="Equals Initial Population
"/>
      <criteria>
        <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
        <expression value="Denominator"/>
      </criteria>
    </population>
    <population id="Numerator_1">
      <code>
        <coding>
          <system
                  value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-population"/>
          <code value="numerator"/>
          <display value="Numerator"/>
        </coding>
      </code>
      <description
                   value="Number of patients with a referral on or before October 31, for which the referring clinician received a report from the first clinician to whom the patient was referred
"/>
      <criteria>
        <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
        <expression value="Numerator"/>
      </criteria>
    </population>
  </group>
  <supplementalData id="sde-ethnicity">
    <usage>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage"/>
        <code value="supplemental-data"/>
      </coding>
    </usage>
    <description value="SDE Ethnicity
"/>
    <criteria>
      <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
      <expression value="SDE Ethnicity"/>
    </criteria>
  </supplementalData>
  <supplementalData id="sde-payer">
    <usage>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage"/>
        <code value="supplemental-data"/>
      </coding>
    </usage>
    <description value="SDE Payer
"/>
    <criteria>
      <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
      <expression value="SDE Payer"/>
    </criteria>
  </supplementalData>
  <supplementalData id="sde-race">
    <usage>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage"/>
        <code value="supplemental-data"/>
      </coding>
    </usage>
    <description value="SDE Race
"/>
    <criteria>
      <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
      <expression value="SDE Race"/>
    </criteria>
  </supplementalData>
  <supplementalData id="sde-sex">
    <usage>
      <coding>
        <system
                value="http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/measure-data-usage"/>
        <code value="supplemental-data"/>
      </coding>
    </usage>
    <description value="SDE Sex
"/>
    <criteria>
      <language value="text/cql-identifier"/>
      <expression value="SDE Sex"/>
    </criteria>
  </supplementalData>
</Measure>